Diarrhea without nausea and vomiting in an adult. An adult has severe diarrhea: water, fever, vomiting. What to do and how to treat? Treatment with folk remedies

Diarrhea(diarrhea) - rapid, repeated loose stools. Diarrhea is usually accompanied by pain, rumbling in the abdomen, flatulence, tenesmus. Diarrhea is a symptom of many infectious diseases and inflammatory processes of the intestine, dysbacteriosis, neurogenic disorders. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease plays an important role in the prevention of complications. Loss a large number fluid with profuse diarrhea leads to a violation of the water-salt balance and can cause heart and kidney failure.

General information

Diarrhea is called a single or frequent bowel movement with liquid stools. Diarrhea is a symptom that signals a malabsorption of water and electrolytes in the intestine. Normally, the amount of feces excreted per day by an adult varies between 100-300 grams, depending on the characteristics of the diet (the amount of vegetable fiber consumed, poorly digestible substances, liquids). In the case of increased intestinal motility, the stool may become more frequent and thin, but its amount remains within the normal range. When the amount of fluid in the feces increases to 60-90%, then they talk about diarrhea.

There are acute diarrhea (lasting no more than 2-3 weeks) and chronic. In addition, the concept of chronic diarrhea includes a tendency to periodically plentiful stools (more than 300 grams per day). Patients suffering from malabsorption of various nutrients, tend to polyfaeces: the release of a large amount of feces containing undigested food residues.

Causes of diarrhea

With severe intoxication in the intestine, excessive secretion of water with sodium ions into its lumen occurs, which helps to thin the stool. Secretory diarrhea develops with intestinal infections (cholera, enteroviruses), taking certain medications and dietary supplements. Osmolar diarrhea occurs with malabsorption syndrome, insufficiency in the digestion of sugars, excessive consumption of osmotically active substances(laxative salts, sorbitol, antacids, etc.). The mechanism of development of diarrhea in such cases is associated with an increase in osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen and diffusion of fluid along the osmotic gradient.

A significant factor contributing to the development of diarrhea is a violation of intestinal motility (hypokinetic and hyperkinetic diarrhea) and, as a result, a change in the rate of transit of intestinal contents. Strengthening of motility is facilitated by laxatives, magnesium salts. Motor function disorders (weakening and strengthening of peristalsis) occur with the development of irritable bowel syndrome. In this case, they talk about functional diarrhea.

Inflammation of the intestinal wall is the cause of the exudation of protein, electrolytes and water into the intestinal lumen through the damaged mucosa. Exudative diarrhea accompanies enteritis, enterocolitis of various etiologies, intestinal tuberculosis, acute intestinal infections (salmonellosis, dysentery). Often with this type of diarrhea in the stool there is blood, pus.

Diarrhea may develop as a result of taking medications: laxatives, antacids containing magnesium salts, certain groups of antibiotics (ampicillin, lincomycin, cephalosporins, clindamycin), antiarrhythmic drugs (quindiline, propranol), digitalis preparations, potassium salts, artificial sugars (sorbitol, mannitol) , cholestyramine, chenodeoxycholic acid, sulfonamides, anticoagulants.

Classification

Distinguish the following types diarrhea: infectious (with dysentery, salmonellosis, amoebiasis, food poisoning and entroviruses), alimentary (associated with violations in the diet or an allergic reaction to food products), dyspeptic (accompanies digestive disorders associated with insufficiency of the secretory functions of organs digestive system: liver, pancreas, stomach; as well as with insufficient secretion of enzymes in the small intestine), toxic (with arsenic or mercury poisoning, uremia), drug (caused by taking drugs, drug dysbacteriosis), neurogenic (with changes in motor skills due to impaired nervous regulation associated with psycho-emotional experiences).

Clinical Features of Diarrhea

IN clinical practice distinguish between acute and chronic diarrhea.

Acute diarrhea

chronic diarrhea

Diarrhea that lasts more than 3 weeks is considered chronic. It may be a consequence various pathologies, the identification of which is the main task for determining the tactics of treatment. Information about the causes of chronic diarrhea can be provided by the history data associated with clinical symptoms and syndromes, physical examination.

Particular attention is paid to the nature of the stool: the frequency of defecation, daily dynamics, volume, consistency, color, the presence of impurities in the feces (blood, mucus, fat). When questioned, the presence or absence of concomitant symptoms is revealed: tenesmus (false urge to defecate), abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, vomiting.

Pathologies of the small intestine are manifested by abundant watery or fatty stools. For diseases of the large intestine, less abundant stools are characteristic, streaks of pus or blood, mucus may be noted in the feces. Most often, diarrhea with lesions of the large intestine is accompanied by pain in the abdomen. Diseases of the rectum are manifested by frequent scanty stools as a result of increased sensitivity to stretching of the intestinal walls, tenesmus.

Diagnosis of diarrhea

Acute diarrhea, as a rule, is characterized by a very pronounced loss of fluid and electrolytes in the feces. On examination and physical examination of the patient, signs of dehydration are noted: dryness and decreased turgor skin, increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. With a pronounced calcium deficiency, the symptom of a "muscle roller" becomes positive, there may be convulsions.

With diarrhea, the patient's stool is always carefully examined, in addition, it is desirable to carry out a proctological examination. Identification of an anal fissure, fistula, paraproctitis may suggest the presence of Crohn's disease. With any diarrhea, a comprehensive study of the digestive tract is performed. Instrumental endoscopic techniques(gastroscopy, colonoscopy, irrigoscopy, sigmoidoscopy) allow you to examine the inner walls of the upper gastrointestinal tract and large intestine, detect mucosal damage, inflammation, neoplasms, bleeding ulcers, etc.

Microscopy of feces reveals a high content of leukocytes and epithelial cells in it, which indicates the presence of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. The detected excess of fatty acids is a consequence of malabsorption of fats. Together with the remnants of muscle fibers and a high content of starch in the stool, steatorrhea is a sign of malabsorption syndrome. Fermentation processes due to the development of dysbacteriosis contribute to a change in the normal acid-base balance in the intestine. To identify such disorders, intestinal pH is measured (normally 6.0).

Persistent diarrhea in combination with excessive gastric secretion is characterized by Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ulcerogenic adenoma of the pancreas). In addition, prolonged secretory diarrhea may be the result of the development of hormone-producing tumors (for example, vipoma). Laboratory blood tests are aimed at identifying signs inflammatory process, biochemical markers of liver and pancreas dysfunction, hormonal disorders that can be causes of chronic diarrhea.

Treatment of diarrhea

Diarrhea is a symptom of many diseases, therefore, in the choice of medical tactics, the main role is played by the identification and treatment of the underlying pathology. Depending on the type of diarrhea, the patient is referred for treatment to a gastroenterologist, an infectious disease specialist, or a proctologist. It is imperative to apply for medical care if there is diarrhea lasting more than 4 days, or streaks of blood or mucus are noticeable in the stool. In addition, symptoms that should not be ignored are: tarry stools, abdominal pain, fever. If there are signs of diarrhea and there is a possibility of food poisoning, it is also necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Treatment for diarrhea depends on the type of diarrhea. And includes the following components: diet food, antibiotic therapy, pathogenetic treatment (correction of malabsorption in case of enzyme deficiencies, decreased gastric secretion, drugs that normalize intestinal motility, etc.), treatment of the consequences prolonged diarrhea(rehydration, restoration of electrolyte balance).

With diarrhea, foods are introduced into the diet that help reduce peristalsis, reduce the secretion of water into the intestinal lumen. In addition, the underlying pathology that caused diarrhea is taken into account. Diet components should correspond to the functional state of digestion. Products that promote the secretion of hydrochloric acid and increase the rate of evacuation of food from the intestines are excluded from the diet for the duration of acute diarrhea.

Antibiotic therapy for diarrhea is prescribed to suppress the pathological flora and restore normal eubiosis in the intestine. Antibiotics for infectious diarrhea a wide range, quinolones, sulfonamides, nitrofurans. The drugs of choice for intestinal infections are drugs that do not adversely affect the intestinal microbiocenosis ( combined preparations, nifuroxazide). Sometimes with diarrhea various genesis may prescribe eubiotics. However, more often such treatment is prescribed after the signs of diarrhea subside to normalize the intestinal flora (eliminate dysbacteriosis).

As symptomatic agents, adsorbents are used, enveloping and astringent agents that neutralize organic acids. To regulate intestinal motility, loperamide is used, in addition, acting directly on the opiate receptors of the small intestine, reducing the secretory function of enterocytes and improving absorption. A pronounced antidiarrheal effect is exerted by somatostatin, which affects the secretory function.

At infectious diarrhea drugs that reduce intestinal motility are not used. Loss of fluid and electrolytes with prolonged and profuse diarrhea requires rehydration measures. Most patients are prescribed oral rehydration, but in 5-15% of cases there is a need for intravenous administration electrolyte solutions.

Prevention of diarrhea

Diarrhea prevention includes body hygiene and nutrition. Washing hands before eating, thoroughly washing raw vegetables and fruits, and properly cooking foods help avoid food poisoning and intestinal infections. In addition, it is worth remembering the need to avoid drinking raw water, unfamiliar and suspicious foods, foods that can cause an allergic reaction.

Diarrhea is a particular discomfort. If it leaves with impurities of pus (blood), it can even be dangerous.

Persistent chronic diarrhea in adults inevitably leads to.

It is necessary to take urgent measures and know how to treat diarrhea correctly, because loose stools with water more than 8-10 times a day can completely wash out of the intestinal cavity useful vitamins, trace elements.

What is diarrhea in an adult?

Persistent diarrhea in an adult withdrawal symptom unformed chair more than 6 times a day, exceeding the dose of 300-400 mg.

There is a process of fermentation in the intestines against the background of the development of pathogenic microflora (intestinal invasions), rapidly multiplying, creating entire colonies with the absorption of minerals, useful components from the intestinal walls, causing.

If diarrhea in an adult does not go away, the condition does not stabilize after 3 days in a row, then dehydration can occur in a matter of hours, when urgent measures will have to be taken to replenish the body with nutrients, normalize the water-salt balance in order to avoid serious complications.

Causes

There can be many reasons leading to a change in the composition of the microflora of the large intestine, the washing out of beneficial bacteria.

The main causes of diarrhea in adults:

Most often, diarrhea in adults causes acute intestinal damage. viral infection(Giardia , , wood lice, enteroviruses , salmonella).

Infections, as they accumulate in the walls of the large intestine, lead to a change in the composition of the microflora, the development of serious pathogenic diseases.

Medicines can provoke diarrhea in adults:

• laxatives;
• anticholinesterase;
• antibiotics;
• probiotics;
• cytostatics leading to indigestion.

If diarrhea is observed without temperature in an adult, then the reason for the acceleration of intestinal motility lies in:

• overvoltage;
• stress;
• acute character;
• hepatitis;
• overheating in the sun.

Diarrhea accompanied by additional symptoms

Rarely, when diarrhea in adults on the background of gastrointestinal disorders, there are no other accompanying signs. Often join when diarrhea symptoms are concerned:

• nausea, vomiting with discharge of mushy, loose stools, alternating with constipation - signs of infection with intestinal invasions, a consequence of intoxication (poisoning) of the body;
• increased gas formation;
• discharge of clayey, gray feces;
• cramps, colic in the abdomen - a sign of an intestinal infection;
• temperature increase +37, 5 g in acute appendicitis;
• headache;
• weakness;
• discharge of a greenish-brown color of feces with mucus, blood, an increase in temperature above +38 degrees with salmonellosis;
• the appearance of a black liquid color of feces with bleeding is a sign of Crohn's disease,;
• muscle weakness, decreased vision, constipation accompanied by diarrhea, stool discharge more than 5 times a day - with ulcerative colitis or or;
• stools with mucus (blood), discharge up to 10 times a day, pain and rumbling in the abdomen, blanching (drying) of the dermis, dryness and a bitter taste in the mouth are signs of Crohn's disease.

Worth knowing! With colic in the right quadrant of the abdomen below, an increase in temperature above +38 g, discharge of feces with blood, you should urgently consult a doctor (gastroenterologist, proctologist). Bleeding with diarrhea may indicate a fistula , abscess, the development of the inflammatory process. This dangerous symptoms intestinal disorders that cannot be ignored.

Of course, a short-lived diarrhea that appears once without fever and vomiting in an adult is unlikely to cause serious harm to health. But, regardless of the nature of diarrhea, it is worth rehydrating the body, replenishing the lack of fluid, thereby maintaining the water-salt balance.

Types and stages

Doctors divide diarrhea into 2 types:

1. acute with a duration of 1-3 days, the reason for which is the defeat of viruses (bacteria), allergies to drugs, food poisoning;
2. chronic with pretty prolonged diarrhea , periodically changing to remission, which indicates the development of a latent disease ( ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, IBS), failure in the endocrine system.

The types are distinguished:

• diarrhea with water in an adult in case of infection of the body with viruses, bacteria, followed by the release of toxic substances, the settlement of bacteria in the intestinal walls, the development of diseases (dysentery, salmonellosis);
• intoxication;
• enzymatic;
• infectious;
• medication;
• with bleeding;
• fatty (a common form of diarrhea, a consequence of malabsorption of food, a malfunction in the digestive system. Provoking factors are diseases of the pancreas () with the inability to produce juice in the right amount or bacterial infection);
• inflammatory (a consequence of the development of an inflammatory process in the intestinal walls, a number of diseases (Crohn's disease, non-specific ulcerative, malignant tumor, immunodeficiency);
• secretory (provoked by toxic substances, fatty acids, drugs, alcohol, cancer (carcinoma)).
• osmotic (a consequence of an increase in osmolar components in an amount located in the lumen of the rectum. A feature of this form is the discharge of liquid stools even in the absence of meals, i.e. on an empty stomach. Provoking factors are IBS, the formation of a fistula in the intestine, lactase deficiency, intake some drugs (cholestyramine, lactulose, magnesium sulfate, neomycin)).

Important! With abundant diarrhea accompanied by vomiting and high temperature patients are subject to urgent hospitalization. There is a high probability of infection with salmonellosis, cholera.

Diagnostics

At acute diarrhea at the initial stage, liquid feces and a sharp excretion of electrolytes from the body are observed. First of all, the doctor will conduct a visual examination of the skin for signs of dehydration.

With prolonged diarrhea, a decrease in turgor, dryness of the integument, a decrease in blood pressure, increased heart rate with calcium deficiency, convulsions, a symptom of a "muscle roller" are already visually visible.

The main indicator for making an accurate diagnosis is. Also, patients will have to pass if they suspect the development of an inflammatory process in the digestive tract (in the walls of the liver, pancreas), then:

• blood test (biochemical, clinical) to determine the foci of inflammation, disorders of the pancreas (liver), which led to the development of chronic diarrhea;
• gastroscopy;
• irrigoscopy;
• Ultrasound for examination internal organs in the abdominal cavity;
• sigmoidoscopy;
• colonoscopy.

Treatment

If constant bouts of diarrhea are often disturbing, then an integrated approach to therapeutic procedures is required. It is important to identify provoking factors, to prevent the development of complications and dehydration of the body, to contribute to the restoration of the necessary resources, replenishment with useful components (minerals).

Therapy for diarrhea is etiotropic with the appointment of drugs after interpreting the results obtained, examinations carried out, identifying the causes of diarrhea. The basis is medicines, in addition - folk remedies.

If you are concerned about diarrhea, treatment in adults is recommended to start with taking activated carbon – an excellent enterosorbent with an absorbent effect. When calculating the dosage, it is important to take into account the weight - 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight.

For example, with a weight of 60-70 kg, you need to drink up to 6 tablets per day, drinking plenty of water.

It is activated charcoal that perfectly binds water, covering the intestinal walls with a protective layer. But you should not be afraid of the appearance of black feces. Charcoal will help with diarrhea, especially caused by the intake of spoiled foods.

Also with food diarrhea will have positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract Linex and to activate functions in the walls of the large intestine, normalize the proper functioning of the small intestine.

If, nevertheless, diarrhea does not go away for 3 days in a row, medications become powerless, spastic pain during defecation, darkening of urine, yellowing of the skin, fainting, discharge of green (black) diarrhea with impurities of fresh blood are observed, then these are critical symptoms. requiring immediate medical attention.

IMPORTANT! If you are worried about bloody diarrhea, then patients need to be hospitalized, which is especially dangerous for children and the elderly.

Medications are prescribed taking into account the existing symptoms in adults. So, with watery stools, the goal is to prevent dehydration, restore water and electrolyte balance. As a first aid:

• solutions (Uralit, Hydrolit);
• painkillers (No-shpa, Loperamide).

When developing treatment, the etiology of the origin of diarrhea is taken into account, so self-medication is excluded. You can not thoughtlessly take unknown drugs without the appointment of a specialist.

• In diarrhea caused by pathogenic bacteria, the main prescriptions are synthetic antimicrobials, antibiotics ( , Ofloxacin, Trimoxazole).
• With the enzymatic type of diarrhea, enzymatic agents are the basis.
• In the infectious form - sorbents, antibiotics, antiseptics.
• With IBS, chronic diseases intestines - anti-inflammatory (glucocorticoid) drugs.
• With diarrhea with bleeding - antiulcer drugs, hemostatics, infusions.
• With intestinal infection - antimicrobials, enterosorbents to remove harmful poisons, toxins from the body.

If the cause of diarrhea is overeating, then antispasmodics, sorbents with an astringent antidiarrheal effect will help to eliminate ( Enterosgel, Smecta).

Reference! Dysbacteriosis can be caused by antibiotics, so the goal of treatment is to support the beneficial microflora in the intestines, to stimulate its reproduction. To help - lactobacilli, probiotics, sorbents.

Medications, a list of the best and most effective drugs

The following remedies will help cure diarrhea:

• sorbents for adsorbing gases, reducing bloating, removing bacteria (viruses, toxins) from the intestines - bismuth, Smecta, De-nol, Polyphepan;
• phytopreparations with astringent action to reduce secretion in the intestine ( cinquefoil root, oak bark, chamomile);
• enzymes ( Pantsitrat, Mezim, Festal, Creon) to compensate for the deficiency of digestive juice, simulation of impaired absorption in the intestine;
• antidiarrheal drugs ( Lopedium, Imodium) to reduce intestinal motility, activate intestinal activity, enhance absorption capacity;
• antispasmodics ( No-shpa, Papaverine) to relieve excited peristalsis;
• medicines to reduce intestinal mucus production with anti-inflammatory effects ( Sulfasalazine, Indomethacin, Diclofenac);
• hormonal drugs ( Prednisolone, Metipred) exclusively on doctor's orders;
• antiseptics with antimicrobial effect to suppress streptococci, salmonella, Escherichia coli ( Enterofuril, Intetrix);
• immunomodulators ( Galavit) to relieve attacks of intoxication, improve overall well-being;
• probiotics, indispensable for imbalance of intestinal microflora, diarrhea, regardless of etiology ( Enterol, Baktisubtil, Linex, Hilak forte).

Many people call diarrhea a traveler's disease, because it is on the road, trips to countries with hot climates that digestive disorders, bloating, and accumulation of unnecessary intestinal gases are often observed.

Pharmaceutics today offers various new generation drugs with a combined action in the composition with simethicone - a defoamer to eliminate the unpleasant feeling of fullness of the intestines, spastic pains, and disorders in ( Kaopectate, Imodium, Simethicone, Loperamide).

Alternative home treatments

Folk alternative treatment at home should not be the basis, although it can be a good addition to consolidate the results.

Important! You can not self-medicate, especially with bloody diarrhea with vomiting. You need to see doctors.

Effective folk ways to cure diarrhea:

• Chicken ventricles for diarrhea accompanied by bloody secretions. Dry the inner shells, grind into powder, take 5 g 3 times a day with non-carbonated water.
• Chamomile (dry inflorescences), 2 tbsp pour boiling water (1 glass), leave for 3 hours, take 40-50 ml 3-4 times a day.
• Herbal collection. Comfrey, cinquefoil erect, shepherd's purse, snake mountaineer, burnet mix. 2 tbsp pour boiling water (1 glass), leave for 1 hour. Take 20-30 ml 3 times a day.
• Walnut (200 mg) insist on alcohol (200 ml) in a dark place for 72 hours. Take 5-6 drops as a tincture twice a day, diluted with non-carbonated water (50 ml).
• Wormwood for diarrhea is an excellent remedy, the main thing is not to exceed the dosage. 1 tsp pour dry grass with boiling water (1 cup), leave for 0.5 hours, drink 40 minutes before meals, 1 tbsp. 2 times a day.
• Dill seed is a carminative remedy for diarrhea like dill water. Pour boiling water, insist and drink with colic, pain in the intestines. Can be given to infants from 3 months as an anti-inflammatory agent to accelerate the removal of gases from the intestines, replenishment with water.
• Carrot seeds, grind in a coffee grinder into powder, take 1 tsp 3 times a day until they pass discomfort completely in the intestine.

Reference! Melissa - indispensable tool in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract to relieve spasms and attacks of flatulence, normalize metabolism, improve appetite. In the composition - flavonoids, tannins, resins. Quickly relieve spasms, inflammation. Garlic also has a wound-healing, antiseptic effect. Why is it enough to eat 1 clove on an empty stomach 2 times a day. Treatment of diarrhea in adults is carried out up to 10-12 days.

Nutrition and supplements

Foods for diarrhea can speed up the healing process, have an irritating effect on intestinal motility, or, conversely, a laxative effect. The diet for diarrhea in adults plays an important role with the inclusion of raw vegetables and spices in the diet.

With diarrhea caused by gluten (lactose) deficiency, diet is the only therapeutic factor with the exclusion from the diet of foods containing gluten, milk sugar

Basic nutritional requirements for diarrhea in adults:

• The diet should be followed throughout the course of treatment.
• It is better to start with hunger in the first 2 days, taking only sweet (strong) up to 10 cups per day.
• It is necessary to limit the intake of vegetable purees, mucous porridges, mashed meat, and fish.
• Completely abandon foods that increase fermentation in the intestines: fatty meat, scrambled eggs, milk, cream, fish, offal, beets, cabbage, radishes, cucumbers, turnips, spices, root vegetables, pastries, mushrooms, sour fruits and berries.

Many patients think that there is absolutely nothing to eat with diarrhea. But still, a dietary menu is acceptable for adults, which should be followed for 5-7 days: soft-boiled eggs, scrambled eggs, fruit (berry) jelly, compote, cocoa without milk, fresh cottage cheese, rice pudding, baby meat puree, cereals (cooked on water), fermented milk drinks, pasta, baked fruits, vegetables or pureed, zucchini, pumpkin, potatoes, beans.

Herbs

Herbs can provide viscosity, so it's a good idea to brew and drink for diarrhea instead of tea. oak bark, alder, cones, chamomile (inflorescences).

Complications

Diarrhea in adults with diarrhea up to 10 times a day for more than 4 days in a row can lead to serious health problems.

Diarrhea is a sign of the development of polyposis, a cancerous tumor in the walls of the intestine, and stomach ulcers. Diarrhea with water leads to the removal of vital trace elements, electrolytes from the body.

The most dangerous symptoms requiring urgent rehydration to replenish the body with fluid:

• long absence of urine;
• blanching (chillness) of the hands and feet;
• lowering blood pressure;
• increased heart rate;
• discharge of black feces as a sign of intestinal bleeding or white with water in adults with obstruction of the gallbladder (blockage with feces, development malignant tumor with problems with the liver (pancreas).

In case of discharge of liquid diarrhea with blood, the cause may be bacterial infection, hemorrhoidal bleeding in the walls of the intestine.

All cells in the adult human body contain water. Deficiency leads to a failure of life - important functions in the body, when the heart, brain, bones begin to suffer.

Diarrhea is a condition that can flush out large quantities of minerals (good and bad) from the body. Before treating diarrhea, it is important to identify the factors that provoked the appearance of loose stools.

The sooner the patient begins treatment, the more positive and faster prognosis can be hoped for. This applies especially to the elderly, who often suffer from chronic diarrhea.

Can't be ignored and must be called ambulance as a matter of urgency if:

• dark urine;
• false urge to defecate;
• temperature increase more than 38 gr;
• discharge of black tarry stools with blood clots;
• acute colic in the lower abdomen;
• indomitable vomiting with the discharge of fresh red-brown blood particles;
• confusion of consciousness;
• temperature rise above 38 degrees.

Prevention

In order for the intestines and stomach to work properly, you need to follow simple preventive measures:

• wash vegetables, fruits before eating;
• do not drink raw tap water;
• eat only fresh food;
• do not neglect personal hygiene;
• try to avoid taking medications (especially antibiotics) unnecessarily;
• normalize the diet;
• avoid visiting public places during an epidemic of intestinal infection, undergo an examination by doctors if unpleasant symptoms appear;
• carefully process meat, fish thermally.

Forecast

Diarrhea in adults is a symptom indicating a malfunction in gastrointestinal tract. The prognosis is quite favorable, if you prevent the development of serious complications and dehydration, take timely measures to restore the body, equip it with minerals and vitamins.

Reference! A sign of a cancerous tumor, hepatitis C - diarrhea with abdominal cramps on the rise. Diarrhea in the form of rice grains with blood, mucus indicates a disease of the kidneys, heart, liver. Additionally, there is vomiting, drowsiness, apathy.

If diarrhea with water does not stop for more than 3 days in a row, then you should consult a doctor and undergo an examination. This is a sign of the development of a tumor, hepatitis C or an inflammatory process in the intestinal walls, infection with rotavirus (intestinal infection).

Timely contact with specialists for diarrhea in adults will avoid serious consequences.

Related videos

Interesting

Diarrhea is a rather unpleasant condition, and it can happen to absolutely anyone, and sometimes just when there is an important meeting or an urgent need to run to work. There are quite a few reasons for it. And, of course, if loose stools are taken by surprise, everyone frantically begins to look for solutions to this delicate problem. How to stop diarrhea in an adult? Does it need to be done? What preparations will help to cope with the sudden onset of loose stools?

Diarrhea is a pathological condition, the main symptom of which is frequent defecation, during which shapeless liquid, almost watery feces come out. It also has another, more delicate and correct name - diarrhea. Diarrhea can be both single and torment a person several times in a row during the day and longer.

Attention! Diarrhea that lasts longer than 2 weeks is considered acute form diarrhea. And if it continues further, then, most likely, the condition has become chronic.

The main signs of diarrhea:

• strong urge to defecate;
• stool liquid, almost watery;
• possible presence of symptoms such as vomiting and nausea;
• abdominal pain;
• flatulence, rumbling;
• in a certain state - elevated temperature;
• general weakness and lethargy.

Loose stools are a natural way to protect the body from the effects of toxic or toxic substances that have entered the digestive tract. Diarrhea can be caused by a variety of reasons:

• eating low-quality or expired products;
• eating junk food that has a high concentration of preservatives and dyes;
• entry into the body of pathogens of infectious diseases;
• dysbacteriosis;
• stress;

• wrong diet;
• receiving a number medical preparations;
• the use of unusual food for the body, new dishes;
• the presence of various pathologies.

Important! When buying food, you should always take the freshest and most natural. It is better to refuse to buy products that are about to expire, even if they are offered at a very attractive price.

Table. Types of diarrhea.

On a note! Experts identify another form of diarrhea - traveler's diarrhea. It occurs in people who long trips or hiking, and is associated with a violation of sanitary and hygienic standards. Bacteria that live in a certain area and are characteristic of it can provoke diarrhea - the traveler's body may not have the necessary degree of immunity to them.

General principles of treatment

As a rule, diarrhea, if it is not caused by an infection or a pathological condition of the body, in adults resolves quite quickly on its own. The main thing is that it does not drag on for a long time. However, it should not be left unattended - it can cause dehydration. General principles treatment of the condition are as follows.

Video: Diarrhea (diarrhea). Causes, signs and symptoms.

Medical preparations

To eliminate toxic substances from the body and remove some of the pathogenic intestinal bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract, doctors recommend using sorbents. It can be Enterosgel, activated carbon, Smecta, Biligin, Kaolin and other drugs. Activated charcoal should be in every first aid kit, and it is also recommended to take it with you on the road.

Important! Sorbent preparations are able to remove not only harmful, but also useful substances from the body, as well as smooth out the effect of other medicines. Therefore, they should be taken along with other drugs with an interval of at least 2 hours. But modern facilities usually act selectively - cleanse the body only of toxins.

If diarrhea was caused by long-term use of any drugs, it is important to contact the doctor who prescribed them in order to stop them. The specialist will be able to recommend another remedy. If the cause of diarrhea is problems with the absorption of nutrients in the intestines, then the doctor will recommend taking enzymatic preparations. It can be Creon, Pancreatin, Mezim, etc.

If diarrhea is accompanied by pain in the abdomen, then it is necessary to take antispasmodic drugs such as Drotaverine or No-Shpy. And to restore the intestinal microflora at the end of treatment, Lactobacterin, Linex, Hilak-Forte, Enterol, etc. are used.

If you need to stop the diarrhea itself as soon as possible, then doctors recommend using a drug such as Loperamide. He copes with his task perfectly, but it is impossible to take it if the diarrhea is caused by an intestinal infection. They delay fecal masses in the body, and in such a situation it is contraindicated.

If you want not just to stop the symptoms of diarrhea, but to get rid of the cause of its occurrence - an intestinal infection, then you need to take antimicrobials, for example, Ecofuril. His active substance- nifuroxazide eliminates pathogens - the cause of intestinal infection, and excipient lactulose (prebiotic) creates a nutrient medium in the intestines for the reproduction of its own beneficial microflora. Doctors recommend taking Ecofuril for 5-7 days. After the end of the drug, no additional course of pro- or prebiotics is required for recovery. The medicine for adults and children from 3 years old is available in capsules.

Ecofuril allows you to get rid of one of the causes of diarrhea - intestinal infection

Folk methods

There are many methods traditional medicine that alleviate diarrhea or eliminate it altogether. Most of them can be used without consulting a doctor. As a rule, the effect of their application is achieved within a couple of hours.

Perhaps this is the most popular and affordable way to deal with diarrhea. In addition, it is one of those means that belong to the category of absolutely safe for the body. Rice broth envelops the intestines and does not allow gastric juice to negatively affect it, improves peristalsis, and helps the formation of feces. Due to the starch, which is part of the rice cereal, the product has the ability to absorb excess fluid and thicken liquid feces. In addition, rice water perfectly eliminates flatulence and inhibits fermentation processes.

On a note! Rice broth can be given even to children.

Cooking it is simple: just boil a couple of teaspoons of rice soaked in cold water in a liter of boiling water. You need to cook for about 50 minutes. Then the broth is cooled, filtered through a fine sieve and taken 150 ml every 3 hours.

Bird cherry is great for treating diarrhea, if the latter did not develop against the background of infections. But you should not abuse the decoction - bird cherry contains amygdalin, which, splitting in the body, gives hydrocyanic acid, which is a poison. You need to prepare the decoction according to the prescription and you should not drink it without the consent of the doctor. Breastfeeding mothers and pregnant women should not use it.

To prepare a decoction, cherry berries washed with clean water (0.5 cups) are used. They are poured with boiling water and put in a water bath for 30 minutes. After that, the broth is infused for half an hour, closed with a lid. Next, you need to strain it and dilute it with blueberry juice in the same amount. You need to drink every hour for 1 tbsp. l.

Dense, red dry crusts from pomegranate, peeled from the white layer - excellent remedy. They contain about 30% tannins and are effective against diarrhea and almost any intestinal disorder. They are also able to suppress the pathogens of dysentery. However, the remedy has contraindications and a doctor's consultation is required before using it.

Dried pomegranate peels are crushed to a powder state, after which 1 tsp. of this powder is poured with boiling water (1 tablespoon) and boiled in a water bath for 60 minutes, after which it is infused for 40 minutes. You need to take 1 tsp. about 4 times a day until the diarrhea clears up.

Blueberry

It turns out that this plant benefits not only the eyes, but also the gastrointestinal tract. Used to relieve diarrhea dried berries- fresh have the opposite effect and are used for constipation. Blueberries are rich in pectin and tannins, effective and safe. You can make decoctions, jelly, compotes from dried blueberries.

Oak bark is an excellent anti-inflammatory agent, it fights pathogenic microorganisms, has an astringent effect, and is able, by combining with proteins, to form a protective layer on the intestinal walls. It is also effective for diarrhea. You can prepare tinctures, decoctions, enemas from oak bark.

Pepper "black peas"

The simplicity and availability of this remedy for diarrhea made black peas, along with rice water, the most used folk method liquid stool treatment. Black pepper normalizes the digestive process by activating the production of enzymes and gastric juice. Using it is simple: you need to take 10 pcs. peas and just swallow them with water. But the remedy, unfortunately, has contraindications - pepper cannot be used for ulcers, anemia, inflammatory processes in the kidneys or urinary.

When to See a Doctor

Usually, adults cope with diarrhea on their own and fairly quickly. But in some cases, a visit to the doctor is still necessary. You need to visit a specialist's office if:

• symptoms do not go away for a long time;
• the intensity of diarrhea does not decrease;
• severe pain in the abdomen;
• the patient has a fever;
• there is severe dehydration;
• pallor of the skin is noted;
• feces are very dark in color.

The doctor will definitely take a history to determine the duration of the period of diarrhea and try to find out its cause. Then he will send you for a series of tests to establish an accurate diagnosis. In some cases, the patient may be hospitalized according to indications.

Video: Deadly diarrhea

How to quickly get rid of diarrhea?

Step 1. The very first action in diarrhea should be attempts to replenish the level of fluid in the body. Diarrhea can seriously undermine its reserves in the body. It is required to drink as much water, broths as possible. On this day, if possible, it is better to cancel all cases and lie down at home, not far from the toilet.

Step 2 You can try over-the-counter anti-diarrhea medications.

Step 3 Analgesics should not be taken even in the presence of pain, without first consulting a doctor.

Talk to your doctor about painkillers

Step 4 Requires as much rest as possible, and better - sleep.

Step 5 If diarrhea persists throughout the day, then the next day you should consult a doctor.

Step 6 If diarrhea is accompanied severe pain, high temperature, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Step 7 It is important to refuse the use of sweets, soda, coffee. It is best to drink natural jelly.

Step 8 In order not to aggravate diarrhea, you should eat foods low in dietary fiber. And the first few hours it is better to go hungry altogether.

Step 9 It is strictly forbidden to eat fatty foods and unhealthy foods.

Step 10 At the end of treatment, it is required to eat foods rich in probiotics in order to restore the intestinal microflora.

Step 11 If the cause of diarrhea is intestinal infection, then it is important to take all measures to cope with it.

Minimize stress

Video - How to get rid of diarrhea? Folk methods

Diarrhea can dramatically change a person’s plans for the day and unsettle him. However, it can be dealt with quickly if you know how. As a rule, all the above remedies have a fairly quick effect, and as soon as the diarrhea subsides, you can return to the usual rhythm of life.

When adult patients experience a pronounced vomiting reaction and diarrhea at the same time, it is easy to guess that a nuisance has occurred with the body - either you have been poisoned or caught some kind of intestinal infection.

The final diagnosis can only be made by a doctor after the diagnosis and personal examination, but we will consider probable causes similar condition and possible treatment regimens.

Causes of vomiting and diarrhea in adults

Both diarrhea and vomiting reactions are very unpleasant conditions that develop for a variety of reasons. Apart from dangerous consequences such conditions cause a lot of discomfort, and in especially difficult cases can pose a real threat to the life of the patient.

If there are no suspicions of pathology, and the cause of such an ailment lies in a harmless indigestion, then diet therapy is recommended. Until the disappearance of vomiting, it is better to refrain from eating and drink only water, decoctions or rosehip infusion.

When the contents of the stomach stop asking out, and the diarrhea begins to subside, you can gradually start eating, first liquid cereals on the water, vegetable purees and rye crackers, drink kissels or compotes. Gradually, you can eat boiled lean meat and fish, drink tea. Under a categorical ban, fatty, fried, smoked and other "harmful things."

Treatment

If the causes of diarrhea with vomiting are much more serious, then the patient is prescribed drug therapy according to the cause of the pathology.

• First, sorbent preparations are prescribed, such as activated carbon, Sorbex, Enterosgel or Smecta. If vomiting does not stop and does not allow the drug to be taken orally, then an enema with a sorbent can be made.
• Self-administration of drugs whose action is aimed at suppressing peristalsis, for example, Loperamide or Imodium, is unacceptable. Diarrhea and vomiting are natural organic reactions aimed at clearing toxic substances. If you stop these reactions, then the toxins will enter the bloodstream, which will lead to dangerous consequences.
• If diarrhea and vomiting are indomitable, then dehydration prophylaxis is recommended. To do this, you need to take solutions like Regidron or just drink more water.
• With a bacterial origin of the ailment, antibiotic therapy or the use of antimicrobial drugs such as Enterofuril or Nifuroxazide is prescribed. They are prescribed only by a doctor, self-medication can be dangerous.
• In case of enzyme deficiency or overeating, patients are recommended to take pancreatin, for example, Festal or.
• If vomiting is too frequent and does not go away for too long, then in addition to drinking plenty of fluids, drugs like Metoclopramide or Diazepam help to calm the stomach.

At a temperature, taking antipyretics is not recommended, because hyperthermia in this case is a protective reaction.

Plentiful drinking is necessary. You can use medicines when the indicators are exceeded by more than 38 degrees. If the temperature continues to rise, then you need to call an ambulance.

Vomiting reactions with diarrhea are caused by various reasons. Call a doctor or not, you need to look at the specific situation.

If the patient has a severe fever, then an ambulance must be called without fail, as with mushroom poisoning. Timely assistance sometimes saves the life of the patient, so be prudent.

Water diarrhea in an adult is a symptom of a bowel disorder caused by a certain disease. Diarrhea left untreated for a long time can lead to serious consequences.

What is the danger of diarrhea with water?

Very loose stools like water in adults is not just a pathological condition, it causes serious disruptions in the functioning of many organs and body systems. If long time diarrhea torments a person, then weakness appears and worsens general well-being.

But the most important danger of diarrhea is for the water balance of the adult body:

• The cells of the human body begin lose water work less actively and age faster. It is difficult for an adult to lose more than 5 liters of fluid with diarrhea, then if this happens, the outcome will be fatal.
• Together with intestinal water leaching of micronutrients and vitamins, without them, the body quickly weakens and cannot independently resist the disease that caused diarrhea.
• Fluid loss due to diarrhea, it leads to the washing out of the intestinal microflora, which protects the body and fights pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
• Stool with water contributes to what comes out of the intestines food not digested, and the body does not have time to get energy from it and is now rapidly weakening.
• Severe diarrhea with water also affects intestinal muscles. Under pressure, they can tear or stretch, the sphincter of the anus also suffers, due to prolonged diarrhea, it can weaken and then not hold feces at all.

When diarrhea is tortured, it is not worth enduring, measures must be taken immediately, otherwise the consequences of diarrhea can be fatal for a person.

Water diarrhea is very dangerous, adults and children should immediately begin treatment when, instead of normal stool, sudden diarrhea begins.

Do not forget how dangerous diarrhea is, so that after that you do not experience all the "charms" of diarrhea.

One of the main causes of constipation and diarrhea is use of various drugs. To improve bowel function after taking the drugs, you need every day drink a simple remedy ...

Causes of diarrhea

It is impossible to decide what to do with diarrhea until it is established why it arose. The appearance of diarrhea is always caused by either external or internal factors.

Diarrhea can develop for the following reasons:

1. Entering the intestines of pathogenic protozoa, microorganisms of an infectious or viral nature (enteroviruses), which release toxins that enter the bloodstream and disrupt the entire functioning of the small and large intestines. If it comes out of the intestine aqueous liquid, then more likely to be struck small intestine, and if diarrhea often torments, but not very liquid, then the problem is more likely in the peristalsis of the large intestine.
2. Incorrect functioning of the secretory glands - a severe upset stomach and intestines, caused by an excess of digestive enzymes, can lead to a change in the consistency of the stool, its smell, and the frequency of going to the toilet "by and large" also increases.
3. Acute diarrhea can be caused by exposure to toxins and poisons, industrial or plant origin into the human body. The frequency of bowel movements usually increases and the stool becomes watery.
4. Food poisoning or simple dietary changes can lead to short-term diarrhea. The amount and frequency of loose stools is usually limited and the bowel disorder does not linger for a long time, but disappears within a day.
5. Stool in the form of water, and not formed masses, can become a symptom of taking medications. Severe diarrhea is usually not observed, but nevertheless, such a reaction of the body should not be ignored, since diarrhea is a protective reaction to an irritant, and the body itself understands when something does not suit it. But sometimes you can endure mild diarrhea for 5 days - one week if the benefit of the medicine is greater. If the diarrhea continues for more than a week, a change in medication may be needed.
6. Diarrhea in an adult can be caused by dysbacteriosis - a lack of beneficial bacteria in the intestines. If diarrhea began in the evening, but did not torment all night, and passed by morning, then you should not worry, and if loose stools go on all day and continue at night, then treatment should be started.
7. Diarrhea can occur in adults nervous ground. “Bear disease”, as this condition was called, is more typical for adults, since they have more reasons for excitement in life than children.

Each diarrhea requires the establishment of a cause.

Without this, doctors cannot treat a person, because in this case they treat only the symptom, not the disease.

Associated symptoms of diarrhea

Diarrhea is accompanied by more than just loose stools. Any disease has several symptoms, and they help to establish a diagnosis and begin treatment.

Diarrhea may be accompanied by:

• Temperature rise, which indicates the course of the inflammatory process, often infectious or viral. If the temperature in an adult remains normal, then less serious causes of diarrhea can be assumed. Without temperature, diseases develop with low immune protection, and it is important to establish this in time.
• Nausea often occurs in the fourth to fifth hour after the first liquid stool. This indicates the onset of intoxication and increasing due to fluid loss.
• If a person is sick, then vomiting may soon appear. If vomiting is strong, repeated and even a fountain, then you should immediately seek help.
• An adult with diarrhea almost always has a stomach ache. Pain can be different in nature and strength. Long painful spasm often indicates an increased work of the intestine or the appearance of a neoplasm in the intestinal lumen.

The doctor always takes these signs into account when making a diagnosis.

With severe diarrhea, you should not wait for their appearance, it is better to urgently seek help.

Is it worth it to see a doctor?

Diarrhea is a protective reaction of the body to certain factors of the external and internal environment, as well as an indicator that something is wrong inside. In adults, diarrhea is quite common, but there is not always cause for concern.

Seek medical attention or call an ambulance if:

• Loose stools are poured on the first, second, third day and do not acquire a normal consistency.
• Abdominal pain and other symptoms get worse every hour.
• Diarrhea is accompanied by impurities of pus or blood in the stool.
• The stomach refuses to accept any food and vomiting occurs immediately after eating.
• Feces have a terrible smell, fetid - this is a common sign of infectious diarrhea.
• Dehydration, weakness, pallor and dryness of the skin appear.
• On the first day after the onset of diarrhea, a person loses more than two liters of fluid and does not replenish them.
• An adult person no longer vilifies with liquid, but only with mucus with impurities, the urge to defecate more than 10 times a day.
• The patient's temperature rose above 39 and does not fall.

Prolonged diarrhea is dangerous, the doctor must decide what treatment to prescribe to the patient as soon as possible, so do not delay a visit to the hospital.

Diagnostic signs of diarrhea

The course and nature of the disease is determined by the type of adult stool.

Depending on its consistency and color, a presumptive diagnosis can be made:

• Colorless clear stools infectious disease, we can assume cholera. Colorless diarrhea can also occur with prolonged loose stool when the body simply has nothing to digest and excrete, and only mucus comes out.
• Green stool is a symptom of adult intestinal damage by bacteria or viruses.
• Diarrhea with black water speaks of intestinal bleeding The darker the color of the feces, the further along the intestine from the anus is the crack. Action must be taken here immediately.
• If a yellow liquid comes out of the intestine, then this is not the worst thing - just increased peristalsis and the matter is fixable. Yellow feces are often just a temporary failure, but yellow liquid with prolonged diarrhea is already a pathology.
• White watery stools develop as a result of intestinal tumor damage.

The doctor establishes the diagnosis at the stage of examination and questioning of the patient, but for accurate confirmation it may be necessary to carry out certain instrumental research or tests. Severe diarrhea is treated without waiting for results, on general rules, and only then introduce specific therapy.

Principles of treatment of diarrhea

The treatment of diarrhea should be comprehensive, regardless of the cause of its occurrence, only some aspects are selected separately (type of pills, the need for antibiotics or to refuse them, etc.).

Video

The main measures aimed at eliminating constipation:

1. Maintaining water balance.
2. Diet food.
3. Medical treatment of diarrhea.
4. Ethnoscience.

Maintaining water balance

With diarrhea, patients often refuse water and food, which is not right. Eating and drinking is very important to keep the body strong. Even in three days with liquid diarrhea, a person can lose weight well and lose many important trace elements. Diarrhea is precisely this and dangerous, they do not die from dysentery, they die from dehydration.

Helps avoid dehydration mineral water, bought at a pharmacy or in a supermarket in a special department. You can buy Regidron and its other analogues. Also saline solution can be prepared at home (for 2 liters of water, 2 g of soda, 15 g of sugar and 5 g of salt). Drinking helps the body to function at a sufficient level and maintain internal balance.

The patient should drink at least a day 2 liters any liquid. If the diarrhea is weak, then adults drink a little less because of their capabilities.

Liquid diarrhea will not stop, and even intensify, but this is only for the benefit of the body. An adult should be given water gradually throughout the day so as not to burden the kidneys.

Diet food

With an intestinal disorder, expressed by diarrhea, it is food that will help to fix the stool. The body must digest something and remove and receive energy from food, otherwise an adult will quickly weaken.

Diet food includes foods that help to fix feces.

These include:

• Homemade crackers.
• Not fatty meat of fish, poultry, etc.
• Rice porridge and rice water.
• Low-fat dairy products.
• Scrambled eggs.
• Cereals (barley is not allowed).
• Strong teas, decoctions and kissels.
• Potatoes, carrots, eggplants.

All cooked food should not be spicy and peppery, there should be a little salt. Products are not consumed raw - only cooking and parka, you can also bake. At first, it is better to drink tea with crackers, and gradually introduce everything else into the menu.

Long-term diarrhea will have to be restored for a long time, because even after the diarrhea stops, the intestines of an adult are very weak and a sharp transition to normal food can provoke a new surge in the disease. When the diarrhea was completely cured, you will have to sit on such a diet for at least another two weeks, and better month so as not to stress the body.

New products are allowed to be introduced in small portions.

Medical treatment for diarrhea

Drugs help stop diarrhea temporarily or eliminate its cause, and thereby cure an adult. Selection medicinal product should be carried out by a doctor according to the diagnosis. There are different tablets, capsules, injections that can help the patient, they all belong to different groups of drugs and can be used in combination or separately.

Any remedy and medicine must be prescribed by a doctor. If you use antibiotics on your own, and an adult has dysbacteriosis, then the situation will only worsen. Therefore, it is worth taking a responsible approach to the treatment of diarrhea.

ethnoscience

If prolonged diarrhea is not caused by a bacterial or viral infection, then in most cases traditional medicine can be dispensed with. The body of any adult is susceptible to certain means, and therefore to select folk medicine should take into account the condition of the person.

From strong and weak diarrhea will help:

• Infusion from onion peel- pour a liter of boiling water over the husk and boil for 10 minutes, strain and take throughout the day.
• Blueberry infusion is also prepared - 4 tablespoons of blueberry leaves per liter of water.
• Vodka with salt - dilute half a teaspoon of salt per 100 ml of liquid. The mixture should be drunk immediately, you can take the second portion no earlier than after 4 hours.
• Vodka with pepper and salt is also prepared, plus add half a teaspoon of ground red pepper.
• Rice water - drink every three hours for an adult.
• A decoction of pomegranate peels - the peel of one fruit should be poured with cold water (200 ml) and brought to a boil, turn on a small fire and hold for another 10 minutes. Every couple of hours, take 2 tablespoons of the decoction.
• Carrot puree from 4 carrots - boiled in water and taken in small portions (3 tablespoons) 4 times a day.

A whole list of these drugs should not be used together, an adult can only get worse, even though diarrhea will subside. An adult organism, weakened by diarrhea, may respond inadequately to any treatment, so medicines should be selected with great care. Choice folk remedy for diarrhea, it is better to check with your doctor, as some diarrhea remedies are not compatible with each other.

If diarrhea has already tortured an adult, but the person continues to feel quite acceptable, this is not a reason not to see a doctor. Water diarrhea is a symptom of intestinal pathology. The body of an adult always tries to cope with the problem itself, but in some cases outside help is needed. Otherwise, diarrhea can become a greater danger than what he is trying to free the human intestines from.

Video: why diarrhea starts