Allergies to stings of wasps, bees, bumblebees and hornets are a possible danger. An unpleasant, but understandable axiom - allergy to insect bites Allergic reaction to mosquito bites mkb 10

When making a diagnosis, many doctors turn to the microbial classification of 10. In it, each insect has its own code. Ticks are no exception, which are arachnid insects up to 3 mm long. These are quite common representatives of the flora that are found in different parts of our planet. Experts distinguish several varieties of ticks.

There are also predators among them. But there are also representatives among them who feed exclusively on organic remains. A separate group is formed by insects that are blood-sucking.

Ticks can feed on the blood of both animals and humans. But they cause problems not only with bites. When bed mites settles on a person, it can bring into the body an infection of fever, hemorrhagic type, encephalitis and borreliosis. As statistics confirm, only not a large number people bitten by ticks, after a while, a serious disease or virus is detected.

Despite this, every person should see a doctor as soon as possible and undergo laboratory research to be sure of your own safety. Indeed, for many of us it is very difficult to determine, even knowing the type of bed tick, whether it is a carrier of infection.

Each industry has certain unified systems and standards. In medicine, such a standard is the classification of microbial 10. It stands for International Classification of Diseases, which is the main normative document. This is a single document that is used by doctors in all countries. Once every 10 years, experts revise the main provisions of the classification of microbial 10. This is a rather extensive publication, which consists of 3 volumes with instructions.

The microbial classification was developed in order to formulate the conditions for efficient collection, data processing and analysis on diseases and mortality in different parts of the world. The introduction of this classification has led to the fact that the diagnosis of all diseases is presented in the form of a code value consisting of numbers and letters. Thanks to this, it has become much easier to store, retrieve and analyze information.

This section contains codes with other diagnoses. Code B 88.0 corresponds to another acariasis. Code B 88.1 indicates tungiasis - a disease associated with disruption of the body due to the activity of the sand flea. Code B 88.2 characterizes all other arthropod infestations. Code B 88.3 is used to designate external hirudinosis. For infections that do not have a specified form, the designation B 88.9 is used.

If a person was diagnosed with encephalitis spring-summer tick type, then it is designated by code A 84.0. In the absence of specifications for tick-borne encephalitis, the number A 84 is indicated. 9. In a situation where everything points to Lyme disease or borreliosis, code A69.20 is used.

Insect bites: symptoms of infection

The bite of a tick does not feel a person. This is explained by the fact that during a bite, the tick introduces into the human body special substance with anesthetic properties. Therefore, the bite does not cause any pain. While piercing the skin, the tick moves with its proboscis through the tissue in an attempt to find blood vessel and bites him. Further, a special device is located on the proboscis, therefore, with all the desire, a person cannot tear the proboscis out of the skin, since the tick is fixed firmly. Remaining in this position, the insect can drink liquid from the blood vessel for several hours.

Most often, after a bite, a person begins to feel discomfort after three hours. This is manifested in a feeling of weakness, the appearance of a sleepy state.

Speaking of strongly pronounced body responses bitten person, they most often manifest themselves in the form of nausea and headache. There are people in whom they can be supplemented by bouts of vomiting. Some people find it difficult to breathe, wheezing is felt during exhalation. are not uncommon and nervous manifestations. In some cases, hallucinations may be present.

In principle, it is not so difficult to find a bitten person on the body of a tick. Most often, it looks like a bulging mole, and its paws resemble hair growing from it. When an insect attaches itself to a blood vessel, it can remain on the victim's body for many hours.

Possible consequences of infection

After you find a tick on your body, you need to remove it. If you can do it carefully and the insect is alive, then it should be kept at ambient temperature. If by negligence you crushed it, then immediately place it in a special container with ice. In the future, you have to take it to the laboratory or hospital. The necessary research will be carried out with him and, according to their results, the presence of pathogens will be determined.

How to pull out a tick

Your main task is to pull out the whole tick, being careful not to leave the head and proboscis in the skin. Therefore, the operation tick removal from the body must be carried out very carefully. It is best to go to the hospital and have the work done by specialists who have the appropriate tools for this case. But at home, you can try to remove the tick from the body.

1. You will need a wide ring, which you need to cover the insect and fill everything with sunflower oil.
2. Once under the influence of vegetable fat, the insect will suffocate and die.
3. After that, it will not be difficult for you to pull it out of the wound.

You can also use threads that you need to perform in a circular motion, so you can draw out the proboscis pretty soon.

First aid

Equally important is first aid for a bite. It often causes allergic reactions in many people. After the bite swelling, redness, muscle pain, and breathing difficulties may appear on the skin. According to these signs, it is not difficult to guess the appearance of Quincke's edema, which poses a serious threat to human health. In such situations, experts recommend taking a drug with antihistamine properties:

• Suprastin;
• Claritin;
• Telfast.

Immediately open the windows in the room to ventilate or take the bitten person to fresh air. Then give him Prednisolone or Dexamethasone to drink. Subsequently, the diagnosis and treatment of the patient must be carried out in the hospital.

Symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis

The causative agent of the disease is viral infection. Tick-borne encephalitis appears characteristic features , which most often begin with poisoning. A common reaction is an increase in body temperature, in severe cases, disruption of the central nervous system is possible. These signs are characteristic not only for encephalitis, but also for meningitis. Over time, the disease can cause permanent neurological changes. In severe cases, this can cause death or disability.

fast and effective treatment tick-borne encephalitis and the elimination of allergic reactions is possible only in a hospital setting, and the patient will have to stay in the hospital for at least 7 days after the disappearance of signs of fever. As part of the therapy, Prednisolone, Ribonuclease and blood substitutes are prescribed. With pronounced signs of progressive meningitis with characteristic reactions of the body, an increased dose of vitamins C and B may be required.

When respiratory disorders appoint intensive ventilation of the lungs. During rehabilitation, anabolic-type steroids are prescribed, medical preparations nootropic group, tranquilizers and others. Sometimes antibiotics may also be included in the treatment program. The doctor makes the final decision taking into account the type of pathogen.

If you have chosen this path, then you need to do everything as carefully as possible to extract not only the bed tick, but also its proboscis. The sooner you do this, the lower the risk of infection. dangerous disease. After extraction, it is imperative to take the insect to the hospital for examination, so that specialists can determine the presence of pathogens in it based on the results.

ICD 10. CLASS XX. EXTERNAL CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND DEATH (W01-W99)

This class, which was additional in previous revisions of the ICD, allows the classification of incidents, conditions and circumstances as the cause of injury, poisoning and other adverse effects. When a code from this class is used, it is understood that it should be used as an addition to a code from another class indicating the nature of the condition. Most often, the nature of the condition will be classified by a code from class XIX "Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes" ( S00-T98) Elaboration of causes of death is recommended under divisions of classes XIX and XX, but if only one code is included in the development, preference should be given to divisions of class XX. Other conditions that can be indicated as due to external causes are classified in classes I- XVIII For these states, class XX codes must be used to provide additional information only when performing statistical analysis for multiple reasons.
Headings for designating the consequences of the impact of external causes are indicated in the block Y85-Y89.

This class contains the following blocks:
W01-X59 Other external causes injuries in accidents
W00-W19 Falls
W20-W49 Impact of inanimate mechanical forces
W50-W64 The impact of living mechanical forces
W65-W74 Accidental drowning or immersion in water
W75-W84 Other life-threatening accidents
W85-W99 Accidents caused by exposure to electric current, radiation and extreme levels of ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure

OTHER EXTERNAL CAUSES OF INJURY IN ACCIDENTS (W00-W99)

FALLS (W00-W19)

[Cm

Excluded: assault ( Y01-Y02)
the fall:
from an animal ( V80. -)
inside or from a burning building ( X00. -)
into the fire ( X00-X04, X08-X09)
into water (with immersion in water or drowning) ( W65-W74)
to the engine room (working) ( W28-W31)
inside or out of a vehicle ( V01-V99)
X80-X81)

W00 Fall on a level surface covered with ice or snow

Excluded: a fall mentioning:
ice skating and skiing W02. -)
stairs and steps ( W10. -)

W01 Fall on level surfaces due to slip, false step or trip

Excluded: falling on ice or snow ( W00. -)

W02 Fall while skating, skiing, inline skating or skateboarding

W03 Another fall on the same level as a result of a collision with another person or impact

Inclusions: fall due to collision of a pedestrian (vehicle) with another pedestrian (vehicle)
Excludes: crushed or trampled by a running crowd ( W52. -)
falling on ice or snow W00. -)

W04 Falling face while being carried or supported by another person

Inclusions: face accidentally dropped while being carried

W05 Wheelchair related fall

W06 Bed related fall

W07 Chair related fall

W08 Fall related to other furnishings

W09 Fall related to playground equipment

Excludes: fall associated with equipment intended for
for fun ( W31. -)

W10 Fall on stairs and steps or from stairs and steps

Included: drop (on) :
escalator
ramp
associated with ice and snow on steps and stairs
ramps

W11 Fall on and off a ladder

W12 Falls on and off scaffolding

W13 Fall from (from) a building or structure

Included: falls from (from) (through) devices or structures such as:
balcony
bridge
building
flagpole
floor
railing
roof
tower
tower
viaduct
wall
window
Excludes: collapse of a building or structure ( W20. -)
falling or jumping from a burning building ( X00. -)

W14 Tree fall

W15 Fall from a cliff (steep cliff)

W16 Diving or jumping into water resulting in injury other than drowning or immersion

Included: hit about:
bottom when jumping or diving in shallow water
wall or edge of a swimming pool
water surface
Excludes: accidental immersion in water or drowning ( W65-W74)
diving with insufficient air supply ( W81. -)
influence of air pressure during diving ( W94. -)

W17 Another fall from one level to another

Included: falling from (into) formations or devices such as:
cave
dock
a stack of hay
pit
groove (hole)
career
mine
tank
well

W18 Other cases of falling on the same level

Included: drop:
upon impact with an object
from (to) the toilet
on one level surface NOS

W19 Fall, unspecified

Enabled: Random crash NOS

EXPOSURE TO NON-LIVING MECHANICAL FORCES (W20-W49)

[See the above subcategories of scene codes]

Excluded: assault ( X85-Y09)
contact or collision with animals or people ( W50-W64)
intentional self-harm ( X60-X84)

W20 Impact with a thrown, collapsing or falling object

Included: impact by fallen rock that did not cause a condition
asphyxia or suffocation
impact during the collapse of a building, except for collapse during
fire
falling blow(s):
rock
stone
tree
Excluded: collapse of a burning building ( X00. -)
hit by a falling object when:
natural disaster ( X34-X39)
accident involving mechanical equipment ( W24. — , W28-W31)
traffic accident ( V01-V99)
hit by an object set in motion:
explosion ( W35-W40)
firearms ( W32-W34)
hit with sports equipment ( W21. -)

W21 Striking sports equipment or sports equipment

Included: kick:
hit or thrown ball
hockey stick or puck

W22 Striking with or with another object

Enabled: hit the wall

W23 Engaging, crushing, squeezing, or pinching in or between objects

Included: entanglement, pinching, crushing or squeezing:
between ) ( folding
moving) ( object, pushing objects apart) ( being a door, door
motionless) such, ( opening, packaging
and moving) like (crate, wringer
objects ) ( washing machine
in the object) (machines
Excludes: injuries caused by:
cutting or piercing tools ( W25-W27)
mechanisms for lifting and transferring ( W24. -)
mechanisms ( W28-W31)
non-power hand tools ( W27. -)
vehicle ( V01-V99)
being hit by a thrown, collapsing, or falling object ( W20. -)

W24 Contact with lifting and transmission devices, not elsewhere classified

Included: contact with:
chain hoist
transmission belt
pulley
rope
transmission belt or cable
winch
dragging
Excluded: traffic accidents ( V01-V99)

W25 Contact with a sharp glass edge

Excluded: a fall that touches the glass ( W00-W19)
shattered glass fragments due to an explosion or
gun shooting ( W32-W40)

W26 Contact with a knife, sword or dagger

W27 Contact with hand tool without power motor

Included: contact with:
with an ax
can opener NOS
chisel
hand saw
pitchfork
hoe
bayonet ice ax
needle
paper cutter
rake
scissors
screwdriver
sewing machine manual
shovel

W28 Contact with power lawn mower

W86. -)

W29 Contact with other power hand tools and household machines

Included: contact with:
mixer
power(oh):
can opener
chain saw
do-it-yourself tool
garden tool
secateurs
knife
sewing machine
drying unit
washing machine
Excluded: W86. -)

W30 Contact with agricultural machinery

Included: contact with:
horse-drawn agricultural machines (or
pull other animals)
combine harvester
hay derrick crane
agricultural machine NOS
hay mower or haymaker
thresher
Excluded: contact with self-propelled or towed agricultural machines ( V01-V99)
damage electric shock (W86. -)

W31 Contact with other and unspecified machines

Included: contact with:
machine NOS
entertainment equipment
Excluded: contact with self-propelled or towed machines ( V01-V99)
electric shock ( W86. -)

W32 Handgun Shot

Included: shot from:
guns
pistol
revolver
Eliminated: flare gun shot ( W34. -)

W33 Rifle, shotgun and large-caliber firearms

Included: shot from:
army rifle
hunting rifle
machine gun
Excluded: air rifle shot ( W34. -)

W34 Discharge from other and unspecified firearms

Included: shot from:
pneumatic gun
explosive weapons
rocket launchers
gunshot wound NOS
shot NOS

W35 Explosion, steam boiler rupture

W36 Explosion, gas cylinder rupture

Included: explosion, rupture:
aerosol container
air bottle
compressed gas tanks

W37 Rupture of a car tire, pipeline or hose under pressure

W38 Explosion, rupture of other specified pressurized device

W39 Firework Volley

W40 Explosion of other substances

Includes: explosive materials
explosive gas
explosion (on) (in):
NOS
dump
factory
granary
military warehouse

W41 Pressure jet effect

Included: hydraulic jet
pneumatic jet

W42 Noise exposure

Included: sound waves
supersonic waves

W43 Vibration effects

Inclusions: infrasonic waves

W44 Foreign body in or through eye or natural orifice

Excludes: exposure to corrosive liquids ( X49. -)
inhalation or ingestion of a foreign body with a blockage respiratory tract (W78-W80)

W45 Foreign body penetration through the skin

Included: penetration:
hard paper edges
nail
broken can lid
splinters
Excludes: contact with:
hand tools (non-power) (power) ( W27-W29)
knife, saber or dagger ( W26. -)
sharp glass ( W25. -)
hit with an object ( W20-W22)

W49 Effects of other and unspecified non-living mechanical forces

Included: anomalous gravitational forces [G]

IMPACT OF LIVING MECHANICAL FORCES (W50-W64)

[See the above subcategories of scene codes]

Excludes: poisonous bites ( X20-X29)
sting (poisonous) ( X20-X29)

W50 Hitting, pushing, kicking, twisting, biting or scratching by another person

Excluded: assault ( X85-Y09)
hit with an object ( W20-W22)

W51 Striking or colliding with another person

Excludes: fall resulting from a collision between a pedestrian (vehicle) and another pedestrian (vehicle) ( W03. -)

W52 Crushing, pushing or trampling by a crowd or stampede

W53 Rat bite

W54 Biting or hitting by a dog

W55 Bite or blow from other mammals

Excludes: contact with a marine animal ( W56. -)

W56 Marine animal contact

A bite or blow inflicted by a marine animal

W57 Biting or stinging by non-venomous insects and other non-venomous arthropods

W58 Bite or blow from a crocodile

W59 Bitten or crushed by other reptiles

Included: lizard
snake non-venomous

W60 Contact with thorns and thorns of plants or leaves with sharp edges

W64 Effects of other and unspecified living mechanical forces

ACCIDENTAL DROWNING AND SUBMERGING IN WATER (W65-W74)

[See the above subcategories of scene codes]

Excludes: immersion in water and drowning in case of:
the influence of the forces of nature X34-X39)
traffic accidents ( V01-V99)
accidents on water vehicles ( V90. — , V92. -)

W65 Drowning and immersion in water while taking a bath

W66 Drowning and immersion due to falling into a bathtub

W67 Drowning and immersion in water while in a swimming pool

W68 Drowning and immersion from falling into a swimming pool

W69 Drowning and immersion in water while in a natural body of water

Included: lake
the open sea
river
Creek

W70 Drowning and immersion due to falling into a natural body of water

W73 Other specified cases of drowning and immersion

Included: fire water tank
storage tank

W74 Drowning and immersion in water, unspecified

Includes: drowning NOS
falling into water NOS

OTHER BREATHING ACCIDENTS (W75-W84)

[See the above subcategories of scene codes]

W75 Accidental strangulation and strangulation in bed

Includes: airway closure and suffocation:
bed linen
maternal body
pillow

W76 Other accidental hangings and chokes

W77 Breathing hazard due to falling asleep loose materials, loose earth and other rocks

Includes: falling asleep with rock NOS
Excluded: falling asleep with rock during natural disasters ( X34-X39)
falling asleep with rock without asphyxia or suffocation ( W20. -)

W78 Inhalation of stomach contents

Includes: asphyxia)
obstruction of the respiratory) by vomit
ways) [regurgitated food]
suffocation)
aspiration (inhalation) of vomiting NOS
squeezing the trachea)
interruption of breathing) vomit in
closure of the respiratory) esophagus
ways)
Excl.: damage, excluding asphyxia or obstruction
respiratory tract caused by vomit W44. -)
obstruction of the esophagus by vomit, not mentioned
asphyxia or obstruction of the airways ( W44. -)

W79 Inhalation and ingestion of food resulting in airway obstruction

Includes: asphyxia)
blockage of the respiratory) food (including bone or
ways) fruit pits)
suffocation)
aspiration of food (any) NOS
squeezing the trachea)
interruption of breathing)
closure of respiratory) by food in the esophagus
ways)
blockage of the pharynx with food (lump)
Excludes: inhalation of vomit ( W78. -)
damage, excluding asphyxia or blockage
respiratory tract caused by food ( W44. -)
obstruction of the esophagus by food without mention of asphyxia
or airway obstruction W44. -)

W80 Inhalation and ingestion of another foreign body resulting in airway obstruction

Includes: asphyxia caused by any object other than obstruction of the respiratory system by food or vomit
paths) masses penetrated through the nose
suffocation) or mouth
aspiration (into the airways) of a foreign body
exclusion of food or vomit NOS
squeezing the trachea)
interruption of breathing) foreign body in
airway closure) esophagus
foreign body in the nose
obstruction of the pharynx by a foreign body
Excludes: aspiration of vomit or food ( W78-W79)
damage, excluding asphyxia and blockage
respiratory tract caused by a foreign body ( W44. -)
obstruction of the esophagus by a foreign body without mention of
asphyxia or obstruction of the airways ( W44. -)

W81 Accidental or intentional exposure to a low oxygen environment

Includes: accidental entry into cold store or other
hermetically sealed room
undercollateral damage
air while diving
Excludes: asphyxiation with a plastic bag ( W83. -)

W83 Other specified respiratory hazards

Includes: suffocation with a plastic bag

W84 Breathing hazard, unspecified

Includes: asphyxia NOS
aspiration NOS
strangulation NOS

ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY ELECTRIC CURRENT,
EMISSIONS AND EXTREME VALUES OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE LEVELS
OR ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (W85-W99)

[See the above subcategories of scene codes]

Excluded: impact:
natural(oh):
cold ( X31. -)
heat ( X30. -)
radiation NOS ( X39. -)
sunshine ( X32. -)
lightning strike victim X33. -)

W85 Power line accident

W86 Accident related to the source of electric current specified

current NOS
electric shock NOS

W87 Accident involving electrical source, unspecified

Includes: burn or other injury caused by electrical
current NOS
electric shock NOS
death by electric shock NOS

W88 Exposure to ionizing radiation

Includes: exposure to radioactive isotopes
exposure to x-rays

W89 Exposure to artificial visible and ultraviolet rays

Inclusions: exposure to beams from electric welding (arc)

W90 Exposure to other non-ionizing radiation

Included: impact:
infrared)
laser) radiation
radio frequency)

W91 Exposure to radiation type unspecified

W92 Exposure to excessive heat from an artificial source

W93 Exposure to excessive cold from an artificial source

Included: contact with dry ice
vapor inhalation:
liquid:
air
hydrogen
nitrogen
long stay in the refrigerator

W94 Exposure to high and low atmospheric pressure and changes in atmospheric pressure

Included: impact:
high pressure at rapid immersion in water
pressure drop when rising to the surface after
(from):
deep sea diving
dungeons
residence or long stay on a large
height as a reason:
anoxia
barodontalgia
barotitis
hypoxia
mountain sickness
sudden change in air pressure
vehicle during takeoff or landing

Allergy to mosquito bites, bees and other insects can be of varying severity, in severe cases it poses a threat to life. The hypersensitivity reaction of the body does not depend on the frequency and number of bites.

Symptoms

To argue about the development of allergies, you need to know how the hypersensitivity of the body of an immediate or delayed type differs from a normal reaction to insect bites.

Redness and slight swelling appear at the site of penetration of the poison. The skin itches, itches, a seal (infiltrate) appears. The bite is accompanied by soreness due to irritation nerve endings insect toxic substances.

Important! A reaction is considered normal if skin hyperemia does not spread to other parts of the body, symptoms persist from several hours to 2-3 days.

According to ICD-10 ( international classification diseases) insect bites has the following codes:

W57 - sting or bite of non-venomous insects;

X21 ─ contact with poisonous spiders;

X23 ─ contact with bees, wasps, hornets;

X24 ─ contact with tropical insects.

Signs of a local allergic reaction

Allergy to insect bites is manifested by extensive localization inflammatory process. The sensitization reaction manifests itself both at the site of the sting and spread throughout the body (arm, leg, face). At the same time, signs of allergy do not affect the entire skin. More often, hyperemia and swelling is located between the two joints, if the bite was in the area of ​​​​the upper or lower limb.

The site of penetration of the poison is hot to the touch, red, swollen. The more stings, the larger the affected area. In some cases, the body temperature rises to subfebrile values ​​​​(37-37.5 ° C), general weakness, nausea appear, and the functionality of the limb is temporarily limited. Symptoms appear the first day after the bite and progress over the next 12-24 hours. Then they gradually subside. Traces on the skin disappear after 5-15 days.

Systemic inflammatory response of the body

Systemic allergic reaction is rare, 1-10% of all cases. signs pathological process not related to the site of the bite.

The victim has the following general symptoms:

redness of various parts of the skin and mucous membranes (oral cavity, nasal passages, conjunctiva);

edema subcutaneous tissue lips, face, eyelids, larynx, tongue, upper and lower extremities (angioedema);

urticaria ─ rashes on the skin in the form of blisters, which form against the background of high permeability of blood vessels, are characterized by severe itching.

A systemic allergic reaction is an acute process that develops rapidly within 15-30 minutes, sometimes later. The more time has passed from the bite to the first signs, the less dangerous the allergic consequences and complications will be.

If life-threatening symptoms develop rapidly, the victim should be hospitalized immediately. With repeated bites, the risk of developing an immediate-type response increases. Anaphylaxis often develops on the bites of hymenoptera (bees, wasps). The risk group includes children with a history of bronchial asthma people with food allergies.

How anaphylaxis (shock) manifests itself:

tightness in the throat, pressure, heaviness in the chest;

shortness of breath, difficulty breathing;

dizziness, impaired coordination of movement;

pain, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, loose stools;

palpitations, low blood pressure, thready pulse;

clouding of consciousness, collapse.

Allergy to stings of various types of insects

Allergic reactions to insect stings are seasonal. The peak of reported cases occurs during the summer months and early autumn (September). Allergens are poison, insect saliva, chitinous hairs. Stinging representatives call severe forms hypersensitivity. Allergy to bites of midges, mosquitoes is diagnosed less frequently.

Allergy to hymenoptera venom

The composition of bee venom includes compounds such as melitin, hyaluronidase, apamin, histamine, phospholipase. These proteins act on neurons to cause pain, destroy red blood cells, affect blood clotting. Once in the systemic circulation, they quickly spread throughout the body, dilate blood vessels, and provoke inflammatory reactions.

After a bee sting, swelling immediately occurs, then redness appears. The place where the insect stung is clearly visible (by the presence of a protruding sting). Immediately there is a local sharp pain, a strong burning sensation. Edema and hyperemia quickly spread to a larger area, sometimes the whole body is covered small rash. If the body of the victim is hypersensitive, there are general symptoms─ fever, chills, malaise, skeletal convulsions in children.

Wasp venom contains kinin, a substance that dilates small-caliber blood vessels, relaxing their walls. This slows down the venous blood flow in the tissues, resulting in extensive persistent hyperemia.

Against the background of edema and irritation, small bubbles filled with liquid (plasma released from blood vessels against the background of high permeability and inflammation) may appear. With a severe form of allergy, a runny nose appears. A clear exudate of medium viscosity is discharged from the nose. Increased tearing.

Hornet venom has a stronger effect on the body. It affects the work important organs─ heart, lungs, bronchi. Lowers blood pressure, increases heart rate, causes spasm of the bronchial tree and asthma attacks, increases the production of respiratory secretions.

After a hornet bite, a person with high sensitivity develops (swelling of the subcutaneous tissue) on different parts body. Skin covered with spots. The limbs become cold, the pulse quickens, dizziness develops. Due to the strong pain symptom children may lose consciousness.

Hypersensitivity reaction to bloodsucking bites

At mosquito bites allergies are provoked by specific enzymes contained in the saliva of an insect. The reaction is manifested locally. After the bite, a characteristic swelling (white blister) appears, reddened skin around. This place itches, itches. Mosquitoes do not crawl under clothes, rugs, blankets. Therefore, the localization of blisters ─ open areas body. Multiple bite marks are often found.

A sign of an allergic reaction to mosquitoes is the spread of redness throughout the body. Irregularly shaped elements appear that can merge. The nature of the rash changes over time, the swelling decreases or increases in size. The degree of redness is individual for each organism. Pink papules (seals, nodules) appear. This is one form of hives. Due to constant scratching, scabs (dried blood crusts) form on the elements of the rash. In people prone to any manifestations of allergies, a bubble up to 3-4 cm in diameter, filled with liquid (blood plasma), can form at the site of a mosquito bite.

Severe forms of pathology with impaired work internal organs and systems are extremely rare.

Reaction to

Mosquitoes love heat and moisture. Therefore, allergy bites are most common in mid-summer. Insect attacks are susceptible to people who are near water bodies in the morning and afternoon.

Multiple bites are found on the skin in the form of red itchy dots, mainly on the arms and legs. Then there is an extensive hyperemia of the epidermis, against which there are point wounds. Swelling develops.

Midge bites are more painful, accompanied by irritation, burning. Depending on the reaction of the body, a rash appears on the body, from infiltrates to fluid bubbles (as in the photo). In places of scratching, a black scab remains.

In a child, a mosquito attack can cause common symptoms:

temperature rise to 37.5-39°C;

heart palpitations;

increase in regional lymph nodes(ear, neck, axillary, inguinal).

High sensitivity to ant stings

After an ant sting, redness immediately appears, which is accompanied by burning pain, irritation. If the symptoms persist for more than a day, this indicates an allergy.

Ants bite several times in a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin. More often it lower limbs. With a mass attack (accidental destruction of the anthill), the skin swells, after 2-3 hours blisters appear. Itchy wounds force a person to constantly comb them. This leads to infection and suppuration.

The severity of the symptoms depends on the reaction to the ant venom. Rashes are in the form of small bright red multiple dots or swelling with uneven edges. Children under 6 years of age develop urticaria, rarely anaphylaxis.

The most dangerous exotic species of insects ─ red fire ants, nomadic, bullet ant.

Treatment

Allergies with local signs on the skin are treated on an outpatient basis.

Specific therapy is not required. Prescribe medications to relieve symptoms. Tablets, capsules of antihistamine action have a complex effect. They block the production of inflammatory mediators, relieve soft tissue swelling, itching, and irritation of the epidermis.

Important! Antihistamines should not be given to children without first consulting a doctor!

Names of allergy medications for adults (solid form):

Claritin ─ prescribed for the manifestation of urticaria, 1 tab. once a day. There are no contraindications, except for individual intolerance. Price: 30 pcs. 550 rub. (manufacturer Germany).

Lorahexal - indicated for insect bites, itchy dermatoses, angioedema. Treatment regimen: 1 tab. per day. Contraindications ─ pregnancy, severe functional disorders of the liver. Price: 10 pcs. 55 rub. (producer Switzerland).

Erius - eliminates hives, itching, swelling of the skin and mucous membranes. Assign 1 tab. in a day. Contraindications ─ high sensitivity to the components. Cost: 10 pcs. 580 rub. (producer Belgium).

Tsetrilev ─ eliminates urticaria. Not prescribed for chronic functional disorders kidney severe, with intolerance to glucose, lactose. Take once a day, at night. Cost: 30 pcs. 440 rub. (manufacturer India/Great Britain).

L-Cet - effective for severe irritation of the mucous membranes and skin. Take 1 tab. once a day with a small amount of water. Contraindications ─ individual intolerance, kidney failure. Price: 30 pcs. 420 rub. (manufacturer India).

Tavegil is prescribed for severe itching, allergic dermatoses, including insect bites, urticaria. Take 1 tab. 2 times a day, morning and evening. Contraindications ─ sensitivity to components, porphyria (a severe genetic liver disease in which the process of hemoglobin formation is impaired). Cost: 20 pcs. 215 rub. (manufacturer Italy).

Suprastin ─ used for allergies to bites of all types of insects, urticaria, dermatoses. Treatment regimen for adults: 3-4 tab. per day, divided into several doses. Contraindications ─ bronchial asthma, gastric ulcer, glaucoma, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, impaired renal function. Cost: 20 pcs. 125 rub. (manufacturer Hungary).

Children are being treated similar drugs, which are available in the form of syrups and drops for oral administration. Frequently assigned to pediatric practice─ Alerzin (14 pcs. 355 rubles), Aleron (10 pcs. 226 rubles), Telfast 30 mg (10 pcs. 128 rubles), Tsetrin (30 pcs. 243 rubles).

Important! Before determining whether the reaction is allergic and what to do, it is necessary to carry out differential diagnosis. Its goal is to rule out serum sickness or toxic reaction.

Elimination of local allergic manifestations

To relieve itching of the skin, eliminate rashes, reduce swelling, apply topical agents. These are ointments, gels, creams of natural or chemical origin.

For treatment various kinds allergic dermatitis recommend such drugs:

antihistamine ointments and creams ─ Elidel, Psilo-balm, Fenistil;

hormonal agents ─ Celestoderm-B, Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Lorinden C, Beloderm, Mesoderm, Flucinar, Advantan;

gels and ointments based on natural ingredients ─ Nezulin, Irikar, La Cree.

If the area of ​​the affected skin is extensive, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed. With edema and local hyperthermia, ice is applied to the site of inflammation. Decoction baths relieve itching well medicinal herbs─ chamomile, thyme, coltsfoot, harrow, veronica.

With severe pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed orally and ointments containing an anesthetic (lidocaine, novocaine, benzocaine).

Treatment of systemic manifestations of allergies

If a person develops anaphylaxis, he is hospitalized and treated under the supervision of a doctor.

Principles of emergency care:

injections of adrenometics ─ Epinephrine;

bronchodilators to relax the smooth muscles of the airways;

intravenous administration of blood pressure stabilizers;

systemic use of hormones;

oxygen supply through a mask;

indicated for tracheal intubation.

In order to prevent a recurrence of allergies in the future, it is necessary to avoid staying in places where dangerous insects live. Equip the dwelling with mosquito nets. Clothing must be cotton and cover the arms and legs. The first aid kit should contain antihistamines, anti-allergic drops for rhinitis and conjunctivitis, soothing skin ointments. If the hypersensitivity reaction recurs periodically, it is recommended to undergo a course of immunotherapy.

Ticks are the oldest inhabitants of our planet. In nature, there are more than 50 thousand varieties of these arachnids. The greatest danger to human and animal life is represented by ixodid ticks.

When bitten, ixodid ticks can infect the victim with severe diseases that can lead to disability or death. No one is immune from contact with ticks. Reducing the chance of a bite and giving first aid correctly is what everyone should know and be able to do.

ICD 10 is an abbreviation that stands for International Classification of Diseases. This is a certain document with norms and rules, which is taken as a basis all over the world. Every 10 years this classification is updated and supplemented.

The main goal of the ICD is to structure disease data into some codes and values, all this is done for quick analysis and collection of information for further study.

According to this classification, the tick bite received the code B88.8. If the patient was infected with encephalitis, the code A84.0 is assigned, if with Lyme disease - A69.20.

How dangerous is a tick bite?

What does a tick bite look like?

To notice a tick on the body is quite simple. A sucking insect looks like a convex mole with small hairs on both sides. An individual tick reaches a length of 4 mm in a hungry state, and up to 10 mm after suction. A few hours after the bite, a red spot forms in its place.

Tick ​​bite symptoms

The tick bites painlessly. This is because when the skin is pierced, biological anesthetics get into it, which completely stops the pain.

After being bitten, the tick places its proboscis under the skin in order to find a blood vessel. The proboscis is located in such a way that it is extremely difficult for a person to remove it from the body.

Ticks are most often located on the neck, shoulders, in the inguinal and armpits, under the knees, behind the ears.

The time period after which the first symptoms appear is different for everyone. Most often, the first effects of a bite begin to be felt by children and the elderly, as well as those who have a number of chronic diseases. On average, the first symptoms manifest themselves after a couple of hours.

• Weakness.
• Chills.
• Aches in the joints.
• Photophobia.
• The body temperature rises to 38 degrees.
• Arterial pressure decreases.
• There is tachycardia.

After another couple of hours, you can notice an increase in lymph nodes, redness of the bite site and itching, which is getting stronger.

Danger signs after a tick bite

To more dangerous signs include:

• The appearance of nausea.
• Frequent vomiting.
• Loss of consciousness.
• Violation of nervous activity.
• hallucinations.
• It becomes difficult to breathe.

Symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis

After a tick bite, you need to clearly understand that infection may have occurred. There is no need to panic. The sooner treatment is started, the greater the chance of a full recovery.

How to understand that a tick could be infected with encephalitis?

• Chills appear;
• The body temperature rises;
• There is an ache in the joints;
• Breathing becomes difficult;
• The skin turns red.

The symptoms of encephalitis are very similar to SARS. In such a situation, the main thing is to determine the disease in time, so as not to miss precious time. Encephalitis is a severe disease that affects nervous system. If you do not start treatment, the patient may remain disabled or die.

Signs of Borreliosis

This disease is not as dangerous as encephalitis, but still it can significantly harm health.

People infected after a tick bite show the following symptoms:

• A slight swelling is possible at the site of the tick bite.
• Nausea appears at times.
• There is a dry cough.
• Fever appears.

The insidiousness of this disease lies in the fact that symptoms may appear after 6 months. Borreliosis is easily confused with the common flu or cold. If left untreated, this disease can eventually affect a person's heart, joints, and nervous system.

Manifestations of hemorrhagic fever

On the territory of Russia, a disease such as Crimean fever. This is viral disease, which are carried by ticks.

Ticks become carriers of this disease after being bitten by cattle infected with it. You can also get a fever when crushing a tick. In this case, viruses can enter the blood through small cuts or wounds.

This disease is seasonal. Outbreaks of Crimean fever most often occur in the summer months. The geography of distribution is extensive and captures almost the entire territory of the country.

The first signs of the Crimean fever:

• Head and muscle pain.
• Bleeding of various etiologies (nasal, gastric, uterine).
• This fever is characterized by a "double-humped" rise in temperature.
• Dizziness.
• Loss or impairment of consciousness.

After 48 hours from the onset of the disease, the patient develops a rash all over the body, the face begins to turn pale, the lips turn blue. There may also be low blood pressure, diarrhea. The fever usually resolves within 12 days.

Important! Treatment of the disease should be carried out only in a hospital. The patient will need strict bed rest, diet, treatment with hormonal and immunostimulating drugs, as well as a blood transfusion.

Acute allergic reaction

When bitten by a tick, a phenomenon such as an acute allergic reaction can occur. This is due to the penetration of a new allergen into the human body. Its acute manifestations can be life-threatening.

Symptoms:

• Severe itching and redness of the skin.
• Swelling of parts of the body.
• Fear.
• Feeling hot.
• Tachycardia.
• Loss of consciousness.
• Dyspnea.
• Paleness of the skin.

First aid for an acute allergic reaction:

• Provide the patient with access to clean air;
• Take antihistamines;
• Lubricate the place of itching with a weak acetic or soda solution;

Depending on the severity of the disease, call a doctor or an ambulance.

Help with a tick bite

Once a tick has been found on a body, it must be removed immediately.

Important! Shouldn't be used folk methods, as indicated in many sources of information, and drip oil or alcohol on the tick. Yes, the tick will suffocate, but before that, there is a high probability of releasing a large amount of saliva into the human blood, and with it - infected microorganisms. Particularly extreme advisers say that you can set fire to a tick and it will come out on its own - this method also carries a danger.

You need to carefully pull out the tick so that its entire body and proboscis are completely removed.

How to properly remove a tick:

1. To extract the tick, you can use special tongs. They are sold in any pharmacy. It is necessary to clamp the tick closer to the head with the tips of the tongs and pull it out with small swaying movements. The body must be pulled out strictly perpendicular.
2. If there are no tongs at hand, an ordinary thread will help to notice them., from which you need to make a loop and throw it on the head of the tick. The principle of operation is the same as with tongs.
3. If you have a medical syringe on hand– it can also help remove the tick. To do this, you need to cut off the tip of the syringe and attach the resulting round hole to the tick, so that it is completely in it. Next, we pull the piston, and by creating a vacuum, the tick comes out.
4. After the tick has been removed, the wound should be washed with soap and water and treated with an antiseptic. The tick must be placed in a glass jar with a well-closing lid and delivered to the nearest laboratory to detect infection.

Consequences of a tick bite

After a tick bite, the patient needs to monitor his condition and measure his temperature for ten days. If one of the symptoms of the disease appears, you should immediately consult a doctor.

If infection is confirmed after examination tick-borne encephalitis or borreliosis, treatment should be started immediately, only in this case the risks of getting complications will be minimal.

If, after 10 days, no deviations from the norm were detected, and the data from the study of the tick did not reveal infection, then everything went well.

How to avoid tick bites?

Heading into the forest area for a walk, you should dress properly:

• It is better to choose clothes in light solid colors, preferably in a sports cut.
• The jacket must be collared and fastened with a zipper.
• The cuffs on the arms and legs should fit snugly against the skin.
• Legs should be covered with tights or long socks.
• Pants should be tucked into shoes, preferably high boots.
• Long hair is best hidden under a scarf.

In addition, the following tips will help avoid tick bites:

• Every 15 minutes, check for ticks on clothing. Every 3 hours, a thorough inspection should be carried out with a complete inside-out of clothing.
• In the forest area, it is better to avoid the trails of wild animals., fallen leaves or tall grass. It is better to sit on a bedding treated with a repellent.
• If you plan to spend the night, then it is better to set up a tent in a clearing. Before entering the tent, you need to take a good look at all clothes and hair.
• Ticks can be indoors, arriving, for example, on clothes or a bouquet. In this case, it is not recommended to bring flowers and leaves collected in the forest into the house, clothes must be carefully examined and hung out in a well-ventilated place for 10 hours.
• To protect against bites, various repellents have proven themselves well. They treat skin and clothing. But it should be remembered that repellents can cause irritation and itching. They must be used strictly according to the instructions.
• Folk remedies can also help scare away bloodsuckers. So, for example, the smell of an asterisk balm will be extremely unpleasant for a tick, and from a mixture essential oils cloves, eucalyptus and rosemary, this insect will obviously not be happy.

Conclusion

Ticks have become very active lately. Someone connects the increase in the number of arachnids with the advertising of insurance companies, someone with the environmental situation, but all theories agree on one thing - there are more and more ticks every year.

This situation discourages many people from walking in nature, thereby depriving them of fully enjoying the warm season.

Ticks are carriers serious illnesses capable of severely impairing the health of a person or animal.

However, you shouldn't be afraid of them. You just need to know what means of protection against ticks are most effective, and if the bite does occur, be able to provide first aid and distinguish between the symptoms of dangerous diseases.

Etiology. Bites (stings) of scorpions, spiders (karakurt), wasps, bees, centipedes.

Code according to the international classification of diseases ICD-10:

Reactions to bite (sting). A normal reaction to an insect sting is manifested in the form of moderate local redness and swelling. The reaction is transient and disappears after a few hours. A pronounced local reaction is manifested by severe edema and erythema, which spread over a large area. The edema grows within 24-48 hours and can persist for up to 10 days or more. The patient may be disturbed by weakness, malaise, nausea.. The most serious reaction to insect stings - anaphylactic shock (see Anaphylaxis). When a large number of insects sting, toxic reactions occur at the same time, because. the poison contains a significant number of biologically active additives that can cause the development of vascular collapse and shock, even death. There are unusual manifestations of insect stings. Within 7-12 days after the sting, the patient may experience reactions resembling serum sickness (urticaria, joint pain, malaise, fever).

Symptoms (signs)

Clinical manifestations

Scorpion stings.. Acute excruciating pain in the area of ​​poison inoculation.. The severity of hyperemia and edema in the affected area varies. With a weak local reaction general intoxication is more pronounced than with a significant local inflammatory reaction .. Sometimes, in the stinging area, along with edema, superficial blisters with serous contents appear .. Symptoms general intoxication noted not always (more often in children preschool age): malaise, headache, dizziness, chills, pain in the region of the heart, shortness of breath, palpitations, anxiety, alternating with drowsiness and weakness, tremor, small convulsive twitching of the limbs, profuse sweating, salivation and lacrimation, copious secretion of mucus from the nose, a short-term increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C. Signs of intoxication persist for no more than 24-36 hours, most pronounced in the first 2-3 hours after the bite .. Often there is difficulty in breathing with bronchospasm, cyanosis; in the early stages, marked tachycardia and an increase in blood pressure are observed, followed by bradycardia and arterial hypotension.

Karakurt bites .. Development within 5-20 minutes of pronounced muscle weakness, gait disturbances, ataxia, muscle tremor .. Excruciating pain in the limbs, lower back and abdomen .. Severe painful tension in the abdominal muscles .. Hyperemia of the face and sclera, swelling of the eyelids, chills, sweating, fever up to 38-39 ° C and blood pressure up to 160 / 100-220 / 120 mm Hg. Often there is a delay in stool and urination (spasm of sphincters) .. Meningeal symptoms, pathological reflexes may appear .. Patients are often excited, screaming in pain, tossing about in bed. In the most severe cases, the excitement is replaced by a soporous or coma.

Stings of wasps and bees: a sharp local pain reaction with hyperemia and edema in the affected area. Severe intoxication (convulsions, collapse, vomiting, coma) is observed with multiple bites. Severe local and general reactions to single or few bites are due to an allergy to bee or wasp venom.

An allergic reaction to wasp and bee stings is a pronounced local edematous reaction with anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, urticaria, or bronchospastic syndrome.

Treatment

TREATMENT

Treatment of bites of various insects

When bitten by a scorpion .. Heat and fatty ointment dressings at the site of the bite .. Chipping of the bite site 1% r - rum procaine .. Atropine (0.5-1 ml 0.1% r - ra s / c) .. a - Adrenoblockers , for example, dihydroergotamine s / c .. Specific antidote sera are needed for tropical scorpion stings.

With a bite of a karakurt .. Re-introduction of 25% r - ra magnesium sulfate IV and 10% r - ra calcium chloride IV .. Warming the limbs and body with heating pads, drinking plenty of water .. With stool retention and intestinal paresis - enemas .. Urinary retention - catheterization Bladder.. In the most severe cases, a specific anti-karakurt serum is administered.

With wasp and bee stings.. With a normal reaction to a bite: removing the sting, cold lotions on the bites (for 10 minutes, alternating with 10-minute breaks) .. With local or common features hyperergic reaction to a bite - immediate intensive antiallergic therapy: epinephrine s / c, norepinephrine or phenylephrine in / in drip, hydrocortisone or prednisolone in / in, antihistamines; strophanthin K. Due to the danger of a lightning-fast reaction, the victim needs constant medical supervision in the first hours after the injury.

Specific Therapy such as specific immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy poison is shown at anaphylactic shock, moderate anaphylactoid reaction, mild reaction in the form of skin manifestations, serum sickness. Immunotherapy is not indicated for normal reactions (transient pain, edema), toxic reactions and severe local edema.

Forecast with scorpion stings: lethal cases in Russia are unknown, the stings of tropical scorpions living in North Africa and South America. With a bite of a karakurt, the prognosis is favorable, fatal outcomes are rare. With the development of an allergic reaction to wasp and bee stings, death can occur within the first 20 minutes.

Prevention

Persons prone to allergic reactions: .. When outdoors, be sure to wear shoes.. It is not recommended to wear clothes of bright and dark colors.. It is not recommended to use strong-smelling cosmetics, harsh perfumes and cologne, hair sprays.. When staying outdoors, it is necessary a hat must be worn.. Gloves must be worn when working in the garden. Special care must be taken when preparing and eating food outdoors.

Patients with allergies to insect venom should carry a first aid kit. Family members and loved ones should be able to use it.

After providing first aid, you should immediately consult a doctor.

ICD-10 . W57 Biting or stinging by non-venomous insects and other non-venomous arthropods