Effective methods of treating retinal dystrophy. Treatment of age-related retinal dystrophy - with medications, hardware or surgery Retinal dystrophy how to treat

Responsible for the perception of light and the creation of the primary image, so disruption of its function can cause blindness.

Patients need to know about such a disease as retinal dystrophy: what it is, is it dangerous. This disease is more common among older people.

Retinal dystrophy is a degenerative disease

Retinal dystrophy is a degenerative disease characterized by a gradual impairment of the visual function of the eye.

Retinal dystrophy primarily affects central vision and for this reason does not cause complete blindness in the patient. This disease is most common in older people, which is why it is also called senile retinal dystrophy.

Retinal dystrophy is one of the most common causes of vision loss worldwide. The risk of developing the disease increases significantly upon reaching 55 years of age.

Pathology can develop over several years. The early stage of retinal dystrophy is often asymptomatic, which is why doctors diagnose the disease late.

From the point of view of the development mechanism, two types of pathology are distinguished:

Non-exudative form. This type of disease is characterized by the appearance of yellow deposits in the central region of the retina. Small deposits may not cause serious visual impairment, but yellow spots increase in size over time. Gradually the growth of deposits causes noticeable symptoms diseases: blurred vision, deterioration of photosensitivity, impairment. In later stages of retinal dystrophy, thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells also occurs, which leads to tissue atrophy and death. The atrophic course of the disease is characterized by the appearance of blind spots in the field of vision. Gradually, complete loss of central vision occurs.
Exudative form. This type of retinal dystrophy has distinctive features. Abnormal blood vessels gradually form in the choroid of the patient's eye, allowing blood and fluid to pass into the retinal area. This pathological phenomenon is called choroidal neovascularization. The release of blood and fluid into the tissue causes distortion of vision: the patient sees wavy lines instead of straight lines, and the appearance of many blind spots in the field of vision. Prolonged release of exudate into the retinal area ultimately leads to complete loss of central vision.

Most patients have a non-exudative form of retinal dystrophy. It is noted that in many cases the non-exudative form gradually turns into an exudative one.

This video will explain what retinal dystrophy is:

Reasons for the development of the disease

Aging is the cause of retinal dystrophy

Aging causes a gradual breakdown of all functions of the human body. Tissues become less elastic, the amount of fluid decreases, and the regenerative reserve is lost.

The retina of the eye is no exception. From a certain age, irreversible changes may begin to form, leading to retinal dystrophy.

However, some evidence suggests that heredity also influences the development of the disease. Scientists have identified a specific gene disorder and linked it to the pathology.

The gene that influences the appearance of retinal dystrophy normally determines the development immune system person. This hereditary region is responsible for the synthesis of proteins involved in protecting the body from various pathogenic factors.

Also notes the role in the disease of the gene responsible for the development of new blood vessels during embryonic development. Excessive activity of this gene is directly related to the abnormal growth of new vessels in the retina during the exudative form of the disease.

Risk factors

Retinal dystrophy may not only occur in older people, although the likelihood of developing the disease increases significantly with age.

There is also an increased risk of developing the disease in patients with family history retinal dystrophy, which is explained by a hereditary transmission mechanism.

Other risk factors:

Belonging to the Caucasian race. At the same time, women get sick more often.
Smoking. This bad habit negatively affects the health of the microvasculature.
Excessive exposure to sunlight. Ultraviolet radiation can cause pathological processes in the retina.
Excessive consumption of fatty foods.
Aging. Most high risk observed in the age group from 60 to 90 years.
Shortage physical activity and overweight. In this category of people, retinal dystrophy occurs twice as often as in other people.
High blood pressure. The constant effect of hypertension on the vessels of the eye can cause degenerative processes in the retina.
Light eye color. Researchers have long established that a decrease in the intensity of pigmentation may be associated with the risk of developing retinal dystrophy.
Side effects of medications. The effects of antimalarial drugs and some antipsychotics can affect the condition of the retina.
High concentration of bad cholesterol in the blood.

These risk factors can also accelerate the onset of the disease in people with a hereditary predisposition.

Symptoms of the disease

Retinal dystrophy affects the quality of vision

Retinal dystrophy is a progressive disease, due to which the intensity of symptoms may gradually increase.

On early stage illness is possible complete absence symptoms. In addition, damage to only one eye can be asymptomatic for quite a long time.

Symptoms of the exudative form:

Distortion of the contours of objects in the central field of vision.
Impaired visual acuity.
Significant decrease in clarity of vision even with a slight lack of light.
Blurred and blind areas in the field of view.
Problems with face recognition.
The non-exudative form of the disease may be characterized by the presence of specific symptoms:
A blurred spot in the field of view (instead of a blind spot).
Rapid worsening of symptoms.
Hazy vision.
Inability to recognize small print.

As already mentioned, the disease does not affect peripheral vision, so complete blindness does not occur even at the late stage of retinal dystrophy.

Diagnostics

Retinal dystrophy can be detected during a routine ophthalmological examination. The most noticeable early diagnostic sign is the appearance of yellow spots and thickening of eye pigment.

During the examination, the doctor may also ask the patient to look at the Amsler grid. This is a peculiar pattern of straight lines, reminiscent of a chessboard. A patient with retinal dystrophy will observe distorted lines.

Other diagnostic methods:

. This method makes it possible to study the vessels of the eye. The doctor injects the dye intravenously and after a while uses special equipment to assess the condition of the eye's blood vessels. During the diagnostic process, abnormal vessels can be identified.
Optical coherence tomography. The method allows you to obtain cross-sectional images of the retina, so the doctor can assess the condition of the structure. The method is also used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.
Retinal biopsy followed by histological examination.
Multifocal electroretinography.

Early diagnosis of retinal dystrophy is very important, since the most effective methods available only in the early stages of the disease.

Treatment and prevention

Retinal dystrophy: laser treatment

Scientists have not yet developed treatment methods that can completely relieve patients from retinal dystrophy.

However, modern therapeutic and surgical methods make it possible to slow down the development of the disease and prevent the occurrence of dangerous complications.

Drug treatment:

Drugs that reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels. These medicines used to treat the exudative form of the disease. Preventing the growth of new vessels significantly smoothes the symptomatic picture and partially restores the patient’s visual acuity.
Vitamins and microelements. Ascorbic acid, tocopherol, beta-carotene, zinc, honey and other beneficial substances can have a beneficial effect on eye health and reduce the symptoms of retinal dystrophy.
Antioxidants.

Invasive treatment methods:

Laser therapy. High-energy laser light is used to destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels in the eye.
Photodynamic laser therapy. This two-step method combats choroidal neovascularization much more effectively.

The following methods of preventing the disease exist:

To give up smoking.
A diet low in fat, especially cholesterol.
Moderate physical activity.
Losing excess weight.

Listed preventive measures most relevant for older people. It is also recommended that patients at risk undergo an ophthalmological examination at least once a year.

Main symptoms:

Loss of areas of the visual field
Blurred vision
Distortion of vision
Inability to distinguish an object at rest or in motion
Erroneous perception of objects in space
Color vision disorder
Decreased vision
Decreased visual acuity at dusk

Retinal dystrophy is a dangerous disease that affects retina eyes. Whatever the cause of this disease in humans, with untimely and unqualified treatment, the outcome of dystrophy is the same - atrophy or complete death of the tissues that make up the retina. Because of this, the patient will experience irreversible visual impairment, including blindness. It is worth noting that the timing of vision loss directly depends on the type of disease. Retinal dystrophy occurs rather slowly, but as it progresses, the patient’s condition only worsens.

The disease is characterized by an asymptomatic course, especially at the initial stage of development. Very often people do not even know that they are a carrier of such a problem. The likelihood of dystrophy occurring is very low. Medical statistics are such that among all possible painful conditions affecting the visual apparatus, problems associated with retinal dystrophy make up less than a percent. Elderly people (after reaching fifty years of age) are most often susceptible to it. At a younger age, the disease occurs only in women during pregnancy.

Etiology

The main role in the progression of this disease belongs to hereditary predisposition. This is usually why etiological factor progression of retinal dystrophy in children is observed.

In addition, the following reasons can provoke the progression of the disease:

visual impairment such as;
infectious diseases body;
deviations from normal human body weight;
alcohol and nicotine abuse;
various disorders blood circulation;
heart problems;
prolonged direct exposure to sunlight on the eyes;
pregnancy;
poisoning;
exposure to stressful situations;
removing half or all thyroid gland;
unbalanced diet, as a result of which the body experiences a lack of vitamins and nutrients;
variety of eye injuries.

Varieties

Based on the reasons for its formation, the disease is divided into:

natural (arising due to genetics);
acquired.

These types of disease have their own division into subtypes. Thus, the congenital form of the disease occurs:

pigmentary dystrophy of the retina, cases of which are very rare. It is transmitted only from mother to child;
spot – appears at a young age, and progresses in old age.

Acquired or age-related dystrophy is divided into:

peripheral retinal dystrophy. Appears against the background of myopia or eye injuries. As a result of its progression, the eye does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients. If not detected or treated in a timely manner, this type of disease will lead to retinal detachment or rupture;

In turn, peripheral retinal dystrophy is classified into:

lattice;
frost-like;
fine-grained;
pigmented.

Macular degeneration of the retina can be:

dry - expressed by yellowish granules in the retina;
wet - blood gets into the eye.

Symptoms

At the very beginning of its appearance, retinal dystrophy does not show any signs. The first symptoms of the disease begin to appear in the middle or advanced stages.

Despite the many types of this visual disorder, they all have approximately the same symptoms:

decreased clarity of vision;
a feeling of fogginess and “goosebumps” in the eyes;
distortion of the visual image;
blurred vision at night;
impaired ability to distinguish colors;
inability to distinguish an object or person at rest or in motion;
erroneous perception of something in space.

If one or more of the above signs of retinal dystrophy appear, a person should immediately consult an ophthalmologist. If you do not seek help in a timely manner, the disease can quickly spread, leading to deterioration of vision or its complete loss.

Diagnostics

After an initial examination by an ophthalmologist, to determine the correct diagnosis, you will need to undergo several examinations and tests:

visometry - to measure visual acuity;
perimetry - the method makes it possible to recognize changes in the size of the visual field;
refractometry is a method of examining the retina;
biomicroscopy. With its help, it is possible to identify concomitant pathologies in the visual system;
electroretinography – with hereditary dystrophy, no changes in the analysis will occur;
adaptometry – measures visual ability in the dark;
fluorescent angiography - to indicate areas where laser restoration will be performed;
retinal tomography;
ophthalmoscopy with artificial dilation of the pupil (using special drops) - to give the doctor an idea of the condition of the fundus of the eye;
Ultrasound of the eyes.

These diagnostic measures are able to identify signs of retinal dystrophy in the early stages.

Treatment

Today, one of the most common and effective treatments for retinal dystrophy is laser correction. This method is not only highly effective, but also has a number of positive aspects:

prevents surgical opening eyeball;
eliminates the possibility of contamination or infection;
protects from stressful situations;
non-contact intervention during surgery;
does not require time for postoperative recovery.

Treatment of the disease with drugs is aimed at improving microcirculation. Most often prescribed:

vitamin complex;
eye drops;
vasodilator medications.

Children with hereditary retinal dystrophy are recommended to visit a psychologist. This is done so that the child does not have problems communicating and is able to adapt to society.

Direct surgical intervention is used only when the two methods described above do not help, or when the disease is severe. Operations are prescribed and performed only by highly qualified specialists.

In addition to clinical treatment methods, there are folk remedies that are used simultaneously with medications or after laser treatment. To the most common traditional methods include recipes using:

goat milk diluted with water. The resulting liquid is instilled into the eye;
decoction of rose hips, onion peels and pine needles;
tincture of caraway seeds, mustard, birch leaves, horsetail and lingonberries;
crushed celandine. After dilution, heating, filtering and cooling, drop it into the eye.

Prevention

To prevent any vision problems, it is recommended:

proper lighting of living and working spaces;
provide rest to the eyes while working at the computer, watching TV, reading a book, or using a mobile phone;
undergo examinations by an ophthalmologist every six months;
perform daily gymnastic exercises for eyes.

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Diseases with similar symptoms:

Night blindness is a popular designation for vision pathology, which in medicine is called hemeralopia or nyctalopia. The disease manifests itself in a significant deterioration in visual perception in low light conditions environment. At the same time, a person’s coordination is impaired, visual fields are narrowed, and there is an incorrect perception of things in blue and yellow shades.

Retinitis is a disease in which inflammation occurs in the retina of the eye. Such a disease quite rarely occurs in an isolated form, which is why it is often accompanied by damage to the choroid. Ophthalmologists identify a large number of predisposing factors that influence the occurrence of such a disorder. It is for this reason that they are usually divided into two large groups - endogenous and exogenous. Main clinical manifestation there is a decrease in visual acuity, but the danger of such a disease is that it can lead to the development large quantity complications, including loss of an eye.

Enophthalmos is an ophthalmological disease characterized by incorrect location eyeball in the orbit. Both its deepening and protrusion are observed. A pathology of this kind can be caused by trauma, then they talk about post-traumatic enophthalmos, or caused by other etiological factors.

Retinal dystrophy is a serious disease that leads to significant vision loss. It often develops in people with a history of diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, obesity. Yes, excess weight and smoking are also factors influencing the development of retinal dystrophy. Hereditary factors, transferred viruses, stress and vitamin deficiency also contribute to the occurrence of visual impairment and the development of one or another type of this disease.

Retina - thinnest shell consisting of nerve cells. It covers the entire eyeball from the inside. Light-sensitive cells in the retinal tissue convert light impulses into electrical impulses. Then, by optic nerve and the visual tract, electrical signals enter the human brain, where they are deciphered and transformed into visual images that we see before our eyes.

Causes of retinal dystrophy

The development of pathology can be triggered by many factors. Basically, dystrophy occurs:

in old age, as a consequence of aging processes in the body
by hereditary predisposition
for hypertension, atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases
as a complication of diabetes
for vitamin deficiencies and poor nutrition
if you are overweight
from the harmful effects of smoking
as a result of stress and nervous shock
after a viral illness
as a result of harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation

Up to 40% various types This retinal pathology is observed in myopic people. With farsightedness, dystrophy is observed only in 8% of cases, from 2 to 5% occur in people with normal vision.
All causes of the disease can be classified into local and general.
The first include:

genetic predisposition;
eye injury;
myopia;
inflammatory and infectious eye pathologies

Common reasons include:

diabetes
atherosclerosis, hypertension
various types of intoxication

Symptoms of dystrophy

Dystrophy may have various symptoms, depending on the form of the disorder, but basically, several general signs of the disease can be named. So, you should be concerned if you have:

Visual acuity decreases
Decreased or lost peripheral vision
Disorientation at dusk
Dark spots appear before the eyes
The clarity of the outlines of objects is lost
Visible images are distorted
Straight lines appear crooked
Letters fall out when reading

Retinal dystrophy is a general concept that includes various shapes diseases with different characteristics, symptoms and effects on vision.

Types of retinal dystrophy

All types of retinal dystrophy have general signs, which consist in the progression of visual dysfunction and degenerative-dystrophic changes in the retinal fiber. It is worth highlighting several main types of retinal dystrophy. First of all, retinal dystrophy is divided into:

congenital
acquired

Congenital dystrophy is a genetically determined, inherited disease. The most common form of congenital dystrophy is retinal pigmentary dystrophy. All congenital dystrophies are incurable, steadily progress and lead to significant irreversible vision loss.

Acquired dystrophies can be divided into:

central
peripheral

Central retinal dystrophy (macular degeneration)

It affects the central fovea of the retina, that is, the area that is responsible for the most accurate vision and discrimination of small details. It is characterized by impaired central vision, while peripheral vision remains normal. It often affects the eyes of those who suffer from myopia. With central retinal dystrophy, serious problems arise with driving, writing, reading and drawing.

Age-related macular degeneration is the most common cause decreased vision in older people in developed countries. The progression of the disease can be stopped if treatment is started in time. Age-related macular degeneration can cause significant vision loss, but it never leads to complete blindness.

Peripheral dystrophy

It affects the periphery of the retina, that is, the area that does not participate in vision. It is not accompanied by deterioration of vision, but is dangerous because it can lead to the development of such a serious complication as retinal detachment. This form mainly occurs in nearsighted people. Sometimes the presence of peripheral dystrophy may be indicated by the appearance of floaters in front of the eye. In this case, you need to urgently consult a doctor for a thorough examination of the periphery of the retina with mandatory pupil dilation. If peripheral retinal dystrophy or tear is detected, then urgent laser treatment will be necessary to prevent retinal detachment.

Video - Professor M.E. Konovalov talks about macular degeneration of the retina

Watch from 30 minutes of the program "Live Great" with Elena Malysheva (issue dated 10/08/2010).

Treatment of retinal dystrophy

Modern medicine has a sufficient number of methods aimed at treating retinal dystrophy. With their help, you can improve vision and stop the progression of the disease. The goal of treatment is to reduce the likelihood of complications that could lead to permanent vision loss. The prognosis and course of the disease depend on how it is carried out. Timely consultation with a doctor increases the patient’s chances of restoring vision. But, nevertheless, only a few manage to regain their former sharpness, since in most cases, retinal dystrophy is caused by age-related changes.

If the patient comes to the clinic at the initial stage of the disease, he is prescribed drugs containing lutein, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the retina. It is also recommended to eliminate bad habits, if any, and protect your eyes from ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins will support vision, preventing the eyes from becoming overly tired due to visual stress. In the wet stages of dystrophy, it is recommended to introduce special drugs into the vitreous body of the eye to relieve swelling of the central zone of the retina.

Timely and correct treatment will help you maintain good vision for many years!

Eye retina (retina) It is the inner lining of the organs of vision and consists of light-sensitive photoreceptors and nerve cells. It is on this most important visual element that the clarity of the formation of the image received from the outside and transmitted to the brain depends.

There are two types of receptor cells located in the retina: rods and cones. Rods with high photosensitivity are responsible for peripheral vision and allow a person to see in dark time days. In contrast, cones control central vision and require more light to function properly, which they use to recognize different colors and small details.

Retinal dystrophy - what is it?

Retinal dystrophy, also sometimes called retinal degeneration is a collective medical term that summarizes a whole group of ophthalmological pathologies that are inherited, arise independently (for example, with age) or develop as a result of the impact of other diseases on the organs of vision (for example, etc.).

Retinal dystrophy is usually a progressive and often irreversible painful condition, mainly manifesting in old age, but can also develop in young people and even children. Absolute loss of vision with this disease is extremely rare, but if the problem is ignored, such an outcome is quite possible.

Pathogenesis

Many pathological processes that form both inside the eye and in the eye can contribute to the emergence of a group of diseases called retinal dystrophy. human body generally. Depending on the initial cause, during the development of this disease, destruction of the central or peripheral part of tissues occurs first. retina, and in some cases, atrophy affects the entire organ. This ultimately leads to a gradual decrease in the acuity of visual perception and the emergence of other negative visual symptoms. At first, this painful condition may be asymptomatic, which complicates its early detection.

With further progression of the disease, retinal degeneration occurs at the cellular level and primarily affects the photoreceptors of the eye, the functional purpose of which is to provide vision (especially distant vision) and organize the eye’s perception of natural colors. In this case, as a rule, both eyeballs are affected.

Initially, negative symptoms of dystrophy are found in one eye, and after some time (sometimes several years can pass), this process spreads to the second eye. Approximately 7-8 years from the onset of this disease, the patient experiences decreased vision in both organs of vision. Over time, retinal dystrophy can even cause disability.

Classification

All forms of retinal dystrophy have similar negative symptoms, which are combined general process progression of visual dysfunction and degenerative-dystrophic degeneration of retinal tissue. Today there are many varieties of this disease, which are most often classified depending on the main cause of its occurrence and localization in the eyeball.

According to the etiology of development, retinal dystrophies are divided into primary (hereditary) and secondary (acquired).

Hereditary dystrophies

Hereditary retinal dystrophies include those diseases that arise as a result of the patient’s genetic predisposition to their development, that is, inherited by his parents. These include dotted white and pigmentary dystrophies, Stargardt disease , Refsuma , Besta and many other pathologies of a similar nature, however, the first two are especially highlighted, since they are the ones that occur most often. As a rule, the symptoms of such dystrophies manifest themselves in childhood and increases as the child grows up.

Acquired dystrophies

Retinal dystrophies from this group mainly affect older people, but can also develop in children and adult patients who have suffered trauma to the eyeball or certain eye diseases. In adulthood, such forms of the disease often occur against the background of metabolic disorders in the tissues of the eye and/or in the presence of other age-related visual pathologies (for example,). In this group of dystrophies, age-related macular degeneration and serous choriopathy which are found most often.

In turn, depending on the concentration of the development of the pathological process in the retina, all dystrophies are divided into generalized, central and peripheral.

Generalized

In the generalized form of the disease, damage occurs to both the central and peripheral parts of the retina. Such dystrophies are divided according to the type of disturbance in the organs of vision, type of inheritance and modifications in the fundus.

Central

Central retinal dystrophy is characterized by disorders in the tissues of the eyeball occurring in its middle segment called macula , as a result of which pathologies of this nature are also called - macular degeneration . Diseases from this group are characterized by a classic ophthalmoscopic picture and their progressive course.

Peripheral

Peripheral retinal dystrophy mainly affects the edges of the optically passive part of the organ of vision, located near the dentate line. If together with the retina in pathological process the vitreous is involved and choroid (ocular choroid), then this pathology is called peripheral chorioretinal dystrophy . In the case when the disease also affects the vitreous body, it is called - vitreochorioretinal peripheral retinal dystrophy .

Below we describe the types of retinal dystrophy that ophthalmologists most often have to deal with.

White spot dystrophy

This form of dystrophy is a congenital disease and manifests itself in the patient from early childhood. As a rule, vision impairment in a child begins as early as preschool age and progress irresistibly in the future.

Retinal pigmentary degeneration

The mechanism of development of pigmentary dystrophy, unfortunately, has not yet been fully studied, but it is known for certain that this disease appears as a result of a malfunction of the ocular photosensitive cells responsible for dark adaptation of vision. This disease occurs simultaneously in both eyes, proceeds rather slowly and manifests itself by alternating periods of exacerbation and transient relief. Most often, the first symptoms of pigmentary dystrophy begin to appear at school age, and by the age of 20 it is clearly diagnosed by an ophthalmologist and requires treatment. In this case, the patient already has and a narrowing of the visual field, which becomes tubular.

Central chorioretinal dystrophy

This disease is also called - serous choriopathy . It usually forms in men after 20 years of age due to the accumulation of effusion from the eye vessels directly under the retina. Such exudate interferes with the normal metabolism and nutrition of the retina, as a result of which its gradual atrophy develops. In addition, effusion over time contributes to retinal detachment, which in itself is a serious complication that can lead the patient to complete blindness. A characteristic symptom of this dystrophy is the appearance in the field of view of image distortions of a wave-like nature, as if a person sees a picture through a layer of water.

Age-related retinal dystrophy

This type of dystrophy also refers to macular (central) dystrophy, and it was named age-related because it occurs mainly in older people after 50-60 years of age. This disease occurs in two basic clinical forms development, namely:

dry form (non-exudative);
wet form (exudative).

Both of these forms develop under age-related changes that occur in the structure of the walls of the ocular microvessels. Against the background of this pathology, there is damage to the vascular structure in the central zone of the retina (macula), which is responsible for the high resolution performance of vision, which allows a person to notice and differentiate the smallest details of objects around him at close range.

However, even in the case of a severe course of this disease, the onset of complete blindness is extremely rare, since the peripheral parts of the patient’s retina remain intact, which gives him the opportunity to partially see and normally navigate in a familiar environment. The most severe course of age-related dystrophy leads to a person losing the ability to write and read.

Dry form

This type of dystrophy is characterized by the process of accumulation of cellular waste products among the blood vessels and the retina itself, which are not removed in time due to disruption of the microvascular structure and general functionality of the eye. These products of activity of nearby cells are chemicals, look like small or large yellow bumps called drusen, and are deposited in the tissue directly under the retina.

The dry type of this dystrophy occurs in 90% of cases of all existing macular degeneration and is considered a relatively benign form of the disease, since it proceeds quite slowly, gradually reducing visual acuity over a long time.

There are three successive stages of development of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration:

At an early stage, the presence of small drusen in the eye is noted. At the same time, the patient does not yet notice any visual impairment and sees well.
In the intermediate stage, several small or one large drusen are found in the central part of the retina, which narrow the field of vision, as a result of which the patient sometimes observes a cloudy spot in front of the eyes. The only sign of the disease at this stage is the person's need for bright light used for writing or reading.
When an advanced stage develops, the patient’s field of vision is constantly present dark spot large size, which does not allow him to see the vast majority of surrounding objects.

Wet form

The exudative type of macular degeneration is diagnosed in 10% of patients and is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis for its development, since it leads to rapid loss of vision and quite often causes retinal detachment.

In this form of the disease, new blood microvessels, which are normally absent, grow directly under the retina. The structure of these vessels is not typical for ocular tissues and therefore their walls are easily damaged, resulting in an effusion of exudate that accumulates under the retina. As a result of this process, the gradually accumulating exudate begins to put pressure on the retina, thereby promoting its detachment. Against the background of such drastic changes, there is a rapid deterioration in vision, which, if untimely and/or inadequate treatment, can result in complete blindness.

Lattice dystrophy

Of all the types of peripheral dystrophies, this vitreochorioretinal pathology ranks first in the likelihood of development and occurs in 63% of patients with a similar diagnosis. This type of disease is considered dangerous to health because it provokes greatest risk possibility of retinal detachment. In two out of three cases, lattice dystrophy manifests itself in men after the age of 20, which in itself speaks in favor of its hereditary origin. This disease can affect one or two eyeballs with approximately equal frequency, after which it slowly progresses throughout the rest of life.

Examination of the fundus in lattice dystrophy reveals narrow, white, wavy stripes in the form of stairs or grids, which are formed by collapsed blood vessels filled with hyaline. Between them, areas of thinning of the retina are formed, which have a specific appearance of red or pinkish lesions. In these areas, breaks or cysts may occur, ultimately leading to retinal detachment. In addition, there is liquefaction vitreous in the area of its contact with the altered area of the retina, and at the edges of the area of dystrophy, on the contrary, their dense adhesion is observed. For this reason, zones of excessive tension, so-called traction, appear in the retina, which subsequently form valve-shaped small tears. It is through them that the liquid fraction of the vitreous body seeps under the retina, thereby provoking its detachment.

Dystrophy “Snail tracks”

This type of dystrophy is recorded by ophthalmologists in patients diagnosed with progressive dystrophy and is manifested by the appearance of perforated defects and streak-like inclusions on the surface of the retina. As a rule, all such damage is concentrated linearly and, upon inspection, resembles a snail’s footprint left on the asphalt (this is actually the reason this pathology and got its figurative name). Quite often, this dystrophy is accompanied by the formation of tears in the tissues of the eye, which can lead to retinal detachment.

Frost-like dystrophy

Frost-like type of dystrophy is hereditary pathology and can affect both women and men. In this case, both eyes usually suffer simultaneously, and whitish or yellowish inclusions appear on the retina, similar in structure to snow flakes. Such lesions in most cases are located close to already thickened retinal microvessels.

Cobblestone dystrophy

Dystrophy called “Cobblestone pavement” mostly affects remote areas of the eyeball, directly located in the region of its equator. This type of disease is characterized by the appearance of individual pathological foci of white color on the retina, having an uneven surface and an elongated shape. Often these lesions have a circular arrangement. Patients with diabetes, as well as older people, are most susceptible to this type of dystrophy.

Small cystic dystrophy (Blessin-Ivanov disease)

As the name implies, small cystic dystrophy occurs due to the formation of small cysts in the peripheral areas of the fundus. Over time, areas of retinal separation and pinholes may appear in the area of these growths. However, this type of dystrophy is characterized by a rather slow course and therefore has a favorable prognosis.

Tapetoretinal childhood amaurosis of Leber

Leber's amaurosis can develop at the age of 2-3 years and even in a newborn baby. When it occurs, the child experiences a sharp deterioration in visual perception, indicating the onset of the disease, and further slow progression of the pathology, sometimes over many years.

X-chromosomal juvenile retinoschisis

With this ophthalmological disease, retinal separation occurs simultaneously on both organs of vision. In the area of such dissections, large cysts form, which are gradually filled with glial protein. Due to such deposits, radial lines (similar in shape to the spokes of a bicycle wheel) or star-shaped folds appear on the retina.

Other types of pathologies of this nature, such as Refsum's disease , peripapillary choroidal atrophy , nyctalopia and other similar diseases are relatively rare and are of interest only to a narrow circle of ophthalmologists.

Important! It should be remembered that the result of untimely or inappropriate treatment of almost any type dystrophic changes it will become visible in the eyes retinal atrophy , which is likely to lead to absolute loss of vision.

What is retinal atrophy?

Translated from Greek the word “ atrophia" means starvation, that is, lack of food supply. In the context of ophthalmological diseases, retinal atrophy is a pathological process of reducing the volume of ocular tissues, characterized by a pronounced change in their cellular structure.

The cause of this pathology may be various diseases eye and, first of all, multiple dystrophies that violate adequate nutrition organs of vision. Treating retinal atrophy is much more difficult than the initial visual impairment, and is often simply impossible. That is why in therapy eye diseases It is very important to diagnose the initially present disease in time and try to eliminate it in the most effective way, since atrophy can have irreversible consequences leading to tissue death.

Causes

According to statistical data, confirmed by the results of many studies of this disease, it was found that retinal dystrophy “gets younger” every year, that is, it increasingly appears in middle-aged people. Today, the risk group for developing this pathology includes not only elderly patients, but also people with bad habits and a hereditary predisposition to certain eye diseases. Another serious circumstance contributing to the occurrence of retinal dystrophy is Lately the environmental situation becomes unfavorable, which negatively affects all senses and in particular the eyes.

However, age is recognized as the main risk factor for retinal dystrophy, and the prevalence of this disease in patients under 60 years of age is only 1%, and after 70 years of age – approximately 20%. It is for this reason that ophthalmologists recommend that all people at risk after 45 years of age undergo an annual examination of the state of their visual organs, which will help to notice an emerging problem in time and take adequate and timely measures to solve it. In addition, in 30-40% of cases, retinal dystrophy occurs in people with hypermetropia and in 2-3% of cases with normal vision. The total set of primary factors in the development of dystrophy can be figuratively divided into two main groups, namely general and local.

TO common reasons formations of this group of diseases include:

frequent exposure of the eyes to direct rays of the sun and other negative types of radiation;
age-related vascular changes in the organs of vision;
serious viral infections, transferred in the past;
excessive plasma levels;
various (poisoning with poisons, bacterial toxins, alcohol, etc.);
heavy chronic diseases(from the thyroid gland, heart, kidneys, etc.);
constant shortage of food intake minerals And .

Local causes of retinal dystrophy include:

genetic predisposition;
inflammatory eye pathologies;
previous operations on the organs of vision;
in any form of expression;
previous eye injuries;
present

Additional circumstances contributing to the earlier development of this pathology are tobacco smoking, as well as gender and race. It is known that people with white skin and blue eyes and women in general. By and large, retinal dystrophy can be caused by any external or internal factors that disrupt blood flow and natural metabolism in the eyeball.

Symptoms of retinal dystrophy

On initial stages During their development, most types of retinal dystrophy may not be subjectively manifested for a long time or expressed very weakly. As a rule, the first clinical symptoms This group of pathologies begins to bother the patient in the medium or even severe phases of the disease.

Despite the abundance of types of retinal dystrophies, their negative symptoms are largely similar to each other and are most often expressed by the following phenomena:

limited field of view;
weakening of visual acuity (may be in one or two eyes);
the need for the presence of bright lighting used for writing or reading;
the appearance of a wave-like distorted image before the eyes (reminiscent of the feeling of looking through a layer of water);
appearance with a cat (various obstacles before the eyes in the form of spots, fog, curtains, etc.);
development nyctalopia (decreased ability to see at dusk);
problems with distinguishing colors (perception of colors that do not correspond to the real picture);
periodic formation of flashes or “flies” before the eyes;
inability to correctly identify a stationary object from a moving one;
development metamorphopsia (distorted assessment by the visual organs of colors, shapes and locations of objects in real space).

If a person experiences any of the above symptoms, he should immediately contact a specialized specialist for a detailed examination and, if necessary, prescribe adequate treatment. It is not recommended to postpone your visit to the ophthalmologist for a long time, since without appropriate therapy, any retinal dystrophy can quickly progress and ultimately provoke its detachment, and therefore complete loss of vision.

Tests and diagnostics

Diagnosis of dystrophic changes in the retina requires a professional approach and full examination tissue structure of both organs of vision. In this case, it would be most appropriate to conduct a set of studies that will help accurately determine the existing disease.

When visiting the hospital, the ophthalmologist may prescribe the following to the patient: diagnostic procedures and events:

general clinical tests;
ophthalmoscopy (instrumental method fundus examination);
perimetry (methodology for studying the marginal limits of peripheral vision);
Amsler test (a method of diagnosing existing dystrophy using a grid drawn on paper with a dot);
adaptometry (dark adaptation test);
optical tomography of the retina;
Ultrasound of the eyeball;
biomicroscopy (detailed analysis of the tissue structure of the eye);
visometry (a method of checking visual acuity based on the use of 4 special tables);
fluorescein angiography (method of examination of ocular vessels with intravenous administration of organic pigment);
refractometry (instrumental determination of ocular refraction);
measurement ;
assessment of color vision using the Rabkin table;
electroretinography (technology for studying the functionality of the retina using light stimulation).

Treatment of retinal dystrophy

Dystrophic changes in the retina that have already occurred can be completely eliminated by means modern medicine is virtually impossible, therefore any treatment for pathologies in this group is aimed at slowing down and/or stopping further progression of the disease and, in essence, is symptomatic.

Generally used in the treatment of retinal dystrophies therapeutic methods can be divided into: medicinal, surgical and laser. Depending on the type of disease and the severity of its course, their separate or complex use in most cases makes it possible to stop the further development of the disease, reduce the severity of negative clinical symptoms and even partially improve visual function.

The doctors

Medicines

In drug therapy for various retinal dystrophies, the following drugs are prescribed: medicinal groups:

(mostly and and groups).
Antiplatelet agents – medicinal products, preventing vascular thrombus formation (, Ticlopidine , etc.). These drugs can be prescribed in the form intravenous injections or tablets.
Eye drops, including biological substances and vitamins that help improve material metabolism and repair of cellular structure (, etc.).
Vasodilators And angioprotectors – medications, strengthening and dilating blood vessels circulatory system ( , Complamine , etc.). Can be administered intravenously or taken orally.
Lipid-lowering drugs - drugs that reduce the content of plasma cholesterol (, etc.). Used only in patients with .
Medications that enhance vascular microcirculation (,). Mostly, solutions of these drugs are used for injections into the eyes.
Mineral and vitamin complexes containing elements important for the adequate functioning of the visual organs (, etc.).
Polypeptides produced using bovine retinal tissue ( Retinolamine ). Injection directly into the eye structure is practiced.
– a drug that inhibits the growth of new pathological vessels. Mainly used in the treatment of age-related retinal degeneration.

Treatment with all of the above medicinal drugs, as a rule, is carried out in courses that are held several times throughout the year (at least twice).

In addition, when treating wet macular degeneration, intravenous administration and intraocular administration are sometimes practiced. If there is hemorrhage in the eye, to stop it and resolve the hematoma, it is prescribed intravenously, Prourokinase or . In order to relieve swelling when treating any type of retinal dystrophy, they resort to injection into the eye.

Procedures and operations

Together with drug treatment, in order to correct vision and reduce the negative manifestations of retinal dystrophies, some physical therapy techniques can be used, namely:

intravenous laser irradiation of blood;
electrophoresis With , ;
electrical stimulation retina;
magnetotherapy ;
retinal stimulation using low-energy laser radiation;
photostimulation retina.

If there are indications for surgical operations, surgical intervention is possible, including:

vitrectomy ;
laser coagulation of the retina ;
revascularizing operations;
vasoreconstructive operations.

Principles of therapy for central retinal dystrophies

What to do with age-related retinal dystrophy and others? First of all, patients with such forms of the disease are recommended to undergo complex drug therapy, including a course of A, E and B, vasodilators , antiplatelet agents And angioprotectors . As a rule, courses of treatment with these groups of drugs are carried out at least 2 times every 12 months, which in most cases can significantly reduce the progression or even completely stop the development of the pathology, thereby maintaining vision at the existing level.

In the case when a patient is diagnosed with a more severe phase of macular degeneration, the above methods of physiotherapy are prescribed together with drug treatment or operations are performed to restore natural blood flow in the retina. The specific method of physiotherapy used should be selected by an ophthalmologist, based on the existing picture of the disease and its course. Along with taking medications, all physiotherapeutic procedures are also carried out in courses 2-4 times a year.

If the patient suffers from a wet form of dystrophy, then first of all he is shown laser coagulation , stopping the growth of abnormal blood vessels. During this procedure, the doctor directs a laser beam to the affected segments of the retina, where, under its powerful action, the so-called “sealing” of unnecessary vessels occurs. As a result of this manipulation, the exudate stops penetrating under the retina and exfoliating it, thereby stopping further progression of the disease. Laser coagulation itself is a short-term, painless and uncomplicated procedure, which is often carried out even in a regular clinic.

After laser coagulation, the patient must take angiogenesis inhibitors on an ongoing basis (, Makugen ), which will further inhibit the germination of new abnormal microvessels.

Principles of therapy for peripheral and generalized retinal dystrophies

Treatment pigmentary degeneration retina and other types of peripheral and generalized dystrophies, first of all, consist in carrying out proper surgical manipulations (usually for such pathologies they use the same laser coagulation and surgical delimitation of the area of dystrophy) followed by the appointment of regular medication and physiotherapeutic courses. When diagnosing peripheral dystrophy, the patient should protect his eyes from sunlight and be sure to stop smoking (if he has had this bad habit in the past).

Treatment of retinal dystrophies with laser

Method laser therapy It is widely used in the treatment of various forms of retinal dystrophy, since the directed laser beam has colossal energy, which allows it to have an effective effect on damaged areas of the eye without affecting its normal areas. Laser treatment is not a single type of operation, including only one type of intervention, but rather represents a whole complex various techniques therapy carried out using a laser beam.

An example of the effective therapeutic use of laser in the treatment of dystrophy is the retinal stimulation , the purpose of which is to activate metabolic processes in the eye tissues. During this procedure, only the affected areas of the eye are irradiated, which after completion in most cases regain some of the lost functions. A course of such laser stimulation is very effective and allows long term stop the development of the disease.

As a surgical instrument, a laser beam in ophthalmology is most often used to vascular coagulation or isolating the problem area of the retina. During such operations, the thermal energy of the laser can literally “solder” damaged tissue, thereby preventing the disease from spreading further.

Surgical treatment of retinal dystrophies

Surgical interventions in the tissue of the eyeball are practiced only in cases of severe disease, when drug treatment and laser therapy were found to be ineffective. In the case of degenerative changes in the retina, ophthalmological operations can be divided into two types - vasoreconstructive and revascularizing.

Vasoreconstructive operations are carried out using special transplants and are designed to restore the correct microvascular bed in the organs of vision.
Revascularizing interventions are performed with the aim of eliminating pathologically overgrown microvessels and maximizing the opening of normal vessels.

Such surgical operations can only be done by an experienced ophthalmologist and only in a hospital setting.

Treatment of retinal dystrophy with folk remedies

Treatment of retinal dystrophy folk remedies can only be practiced in conjunction with methods and medications official medicine, since this disease is considered quite severe and progressive. Folk remedies for the treatment of ocular retinal dystrophy include various vitamin and mineral mixtures that can provide the visual organs with the necessary natural substances that improve their nutrition and maintain functionality.

Among the most conducive to eye health folk recipes the following can be distinguished:

Wash the wheat grains and place them in a thin layer on the bottom of a suitable bowl, pouring a small amount of water on top. Place the wheat in a well-lit and warm place for faster germination. After green shoots appear, rinse the grains again and grind them using a meat grinder. Ready mass store in the refrigerator, using it every morning in a volume of 14 tablespoons.
Pour 1 tbsp. l. celandine with boiling water and boil the water over low heat for several minutes. After the decoction has cooled, you can drop 3 drops into your eyes three times a day for a month.
Dissolve 50 g of mumiyo in 10 ml of fresh aloe juice and drop a few drops into your eyes twice a day. The prepared solution should be stored in the refrigerator, and before the instillation procedure, heat it to room temperature. This treatment can be continued for 9 days, after which it is necessary to take a break for at least a month.
In a 1:1 ratio, mix goat milk (fresh) with boiled water. Place a couple of drops of this mixture in the affected eye, then cover it with a thick cloth for 30 minutes. The course of such treatment can last a maximum of a week.
Mix 5 parts pine needles with 2 parts rose hips and 2 parts onion peel, then pour boiling water over everything and boil for 10 minutes. Cool the resulting broth, strain and drink 0.5 liters per day for the next month, dividing this portion into several doses.

Prevention

Prevention of the occurrence of retinal dystrophies consists of following the simple rules below:

Avoid eye strain and rest your eyes as often as possible.
Practice eye gymnastics (close your eyes, “write” figure eights with them; move your gaze from a distant object to a near one; close your eyes tightly, and then open your eyes sharply and wide, etc.).
Avoid exposing your eyes to harmful radiation, including sunlight.
Take A, E and B groups.
Eat nutritiously, trying to include as many fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet as possible.
Get rid of excess weight.
Give up bad habits and primarily from smoking.
Accept nutritional supplements with zinc.
Get examined by an ophthalmologist annually.

In children

Since some forms of retinal dystrophy are hereditary, it is very important, if this pathology manifests itself in a family history, to promptly notice its development in the child. The risk of dystrophy in children is very high when it is inherited according to a dominant pattern, and its progression in this case occurs rapidly. This disease in a child develops, as a rule, in both eyes at once, and its most characteristic symptom is a violation of color perception. In addition to this, children may simultaneously experience a tremor of the eyeball and even the birth of the eyeball.

It should be remembered that to this day there are no effective medications that can completely cure this disease. That is why the timely detection of this disease in a child and the adoption of appropriate medical measures in the situation to a greater extent will help stop the pathological process and preserve vision.

During pregnancy

Diet for retinal dystrophy

There is no diet as such for retinal dystrophy, however, in order to prevent its development or reduce the progression of this disease, it is recommended to eat foods rich in minerals and vitamins that are beneficial to the eyes.

Forecast

As a rule, most forms of retinal dystrophy are diagnosed already in the later stages of their development and therefore the prognosis for the restoration of normal visual acuity in these pathologies is unfavorable. All drugs and techniques used to treat this disease are aimed at stopping its progression and maintaining vision at the existing level.

List of sources

Astakhov Y.S., Angelopulo T.V., Dzhaliashvili O.A. Eye diseases for doctors general practice: Reference manual. – St. Petersburg; 2001.– pp. 147-150.
Danilichev V.F. Modern ophthalmology. S-P.: Peter, 2000.- 668 p.
Semenov A.D. Lasers in optical-reconstructive microsurgery of the eye: Dissertation... Dr. med. nauk.- M., 1994.-46 p.
Fedorov S.N., Yartseva N.S., Ismankulov F.O. Eye diseases: A textbook for medical students. Universities.- M., 2005.-432 p.
Katsnelson L.A., Forofonova T.N., Bunin A.Ya. Vascular diseases of the eyes. – M.: Medicine, 1990.-270 p.

Retina – main department visual apparatus, its main function is the perception of light impulses, recording images of the environment and transmitting this information to the brain for subsequent processing. Retinal dystrophy is a disease in which the tissue of the eyeball gradually dies. For the disease, retinal dystrophy, treatment may differ, depending on the severity and type of process, as well as the reason for which it arose.

When diagnosed with retinal dystrophy, treatment is a very complex and lengthy process aimed at strengthening blood vessels eye muscles and retina, improvement of metabolic processes in the tissues of the visual apparatus, inhibition of dystrophic processes and prolongation of the period of remission.
Today, medication, surgery and laser methods are used.
Drug therapy consists of taking the following drugs:

angioprotectors and vasodilators. Drugs that strengthen and dilate blood vessels. These are Ascorutin, No-shpa, Complamin, Papaverine;
antiaggregants - drugs that prevent blood clots ( Acetylsalicylic acid, Ticlodipine or Clopidogrel);
if the patient has atherosclerosis, getodelimic drugs are used that help lower cholesterol (Atrovostarin, Methionine, Simvastatin);
B vitamins;
means for improving microcirculation, which are injected directly into the eye (Pentoxifylline);
intravenous administration of photosensitizers;
Lucentis – prevents the proliferation of pathological blood vessels. It is used for the age-related form of the disease.

For the disease, retinal dystrophy is treated with physiotherapeutic methods, which is carried out in parallel with drug therapy gives good results. These are electrophoresis, magnetic therapy, laser irradiation, photostimulation.
If conservative methods did not bring the expected effect, and retinal dystrophy progresses, apply surgery. Today, laser intervention is most often used. For the disease retinal dystrophy, laser treatment involves cauterizing abnormal blood vessels. This operation prevents further development of the disease, but as a result, a scar remains and vision in this area is not restored.

Retinal dystrophy - is treatment possible at home?

When a patient is diagnosed with retinal dystrophy, treatment at home means, first of all, organizing a proper balanced diet rich in vitamins and microelements, observing a rest regime and timely examinations by a doctor. In case of retinal dystrophy, treatment at home can also be carried out using folk recipes.

Retinal dystrophy: treatment with popular folk remedies:

goat milk, diluted in equal proportions with water, is instilled 1 drop at a time. After this, you need to give your eyes a rest for at least half an hour;
pour 50 g of garlic into one liter of vodka. Leave for 2 weeks in a warm place in a tightly sealed container, shake occasionally. Take the strained mixture 3 times a day, 15 drops. The course lasts 2 months. After a ten-day break, taking the tincture is resumed;
1 tbsp. l. caraway seeds are poured into a glass of boiling water. The mixture is kept in a water bath for 10 minutes, then a tablespoon of cornflower flowers is added and infused for about 5 minutes. Apply 2 drops twice a day;
if retinal dystrophy is detected, then treatment at home can be carried out using celandine. For this, 1 tsp. celandine is poured with 0.5 cups of boiling water. The mixture is boiled for several seconds, then settled. Strain the cooled broth and place in the refrigerator. Apply 3 drops three times a day for a month. Then take a 30-day break and resume treatment.

It is important to remember that with a disease such as retinal dystrophy, treatment with folk remedies should in no case be considered as independent therapy. It can only be used as an auxiliary method.

Retinal pigmentary dystrophy: treatment methods

Pigmentary dystrophy is a hereditary disease, as a result of which the patient develops a narrowing of the visual field and its deterioration in the dark. When diagnosed with retinal pigmentary dystrophy, treatment consists of taking vasodilators, vitamin therapy and unloading of the eye muscles. In severe cases that are not amenable to such therapy, surgical intervention is resorted to.

For the disease pigmentary dystrophy of the retina, treatment is usually carried out with the following drugs:

Coplamin 0.15 g, orally 2–3 times a day;
Nihexin 0.25 g, 2-3 times a day, course duration - one month;
1% solution nicotinic acid 0.5–1 ml intramuscularly for 15 days;
intramuscular injections of vitamin B;
subcutaneous administration of aloe, 1 ml for a month.

If a patient has retinal pigmentary dystrophy, treatment with folk remedies can temporarily alleviate the condition.
Surgical treatment involves transplanting fibers of the external rectus and oblique muscles into the suprachoroidal space to form new blood vessels.

Macular retinal dystrophy - treatment and modern medicines

With this form, the macula is affected - the central area responsible for color and detailed vision. The most common form is the dry form, in which visual functions fade away gradually. When diagnosed with dry retinal dystrophy, treatment consists of the use of antioxidant agents, and they must be taken on an ongoing basis, especially for persons over 50 years of age.
The wet form develops very quickly and blood cells and fluid accumulate under the retina, killing the light-sensitive cells in the retina. For the disease wet retinal dystrophy, treatment is carried out using medications or laser surgery.

Macular retinal dystrophy treatment medications, the most effective today:

When diagnosed with macular degeneration of the retina, treatment is carried out using dietary supplements. Anthocyanin Forte is a dietary supplement with a powerful antioxidant effect. Designed to protect blood vessels;
vitamin B;
Lucentis - its action is aimed at preventing the formation of new pathological vessels;
Lutein forte is a drug that, accumulating in the macula, prevents tissue destruction and clouding of the lens;
Mildronate – improves metabolic processes of the visual apparatus;
Okuvit lutein – improves metabolic processes, protects the retina from damage sun rays and free radicals;
Retinalamin – stimulates the process of restoration of damaged tissues, improves metabolism;
for the disease macular degeneration of the retina, treatment is effective eye drops Emoxipin. They improve blood circulation and normalize metabolic processes.

It is very important to understand that it is unacceptable to self-diagnose and prescribe treatment. You should always see a doctor.

Treatment of central retinal dystrophy (video) is most often carried out according to the following scheme:

No-spa 0.04 g three times a day for a month;
intramuscular injection of a 1% solution of nicotinic acid;
Nihexin 0.25 g 3 times a day, course of therapy – 2–3 months;
1% solution of Tropaphen, 0.5–1 ml for 20 days;
injection of a 0.5–1.5% sodium nitrate solution under the skin of the temple. Up to 50 injections are required;
for macula retinal dystrophy, treatment with vitamins A, B, C, E, P, PP by intramuscular administration;
intramuscular injection of 50 mg of Cocarboxylase (15-20 procedures);
Nerobol 0.005 g, twice a day for a month;
conjunctival injections of 0.2% ATP solution, 0.2 ml (10–15 injections);
Thrombolitin injections.

In cases of age-related retinal dystrophy, treatment can also be carried out by instilling Dexamethasone and intravenous administration Furasemide.
When diagnosed with macular retinal dystrophy, treatment with folk remedies can be carried out as follows:

Spread the washed wheat evenly in a flat container, periodically wetting the grains. After the wheat has sprouted, it is thoroughly washed and ground through a meat grinder. Ten tablespoons of this mass are poured with water and taken on an empty stomach after it swells. Store in the refrigerator for no longer than four days;
50 g of mumiyo is dissolved in 10 ml of freshly squeezed aloe juice. Store in the refrigerator. The mixture should be warmed to room temperature and drop 1 drop twice a day. The duration of treatment is 10 days, after which a month-long break is taken and the course is resumed;
6 tbsp. l. Pour 0.5 liters of pine needles. water. Boil for 15 minutes, leave for 8–10 hours. Drink in small portions throughout the day.

Unfortunately, when diagnosed with macular retinal dystrophy, medication treatment does not always bring long-term positive results. When diagnosed with macular retinal dystrophy, surgical treatment is used quite often.

Corneal dystrophy: treatment methods

This disease is hereditary. It is bilateral and inflammatory in nature. It often progresses, causing clouding of the cornea.
When diagnosed with corneal dystrophy, treatment is symptomatic. Most often, drugs are used that improve the nutrition of the cornea, as well as vitamin ointments (Vita-pos, Actovegin) or drops (Taufon, Emoxipin, Balarpan). If the patient has corneal dystrophy, then treatment with physiotherapeutic methods is also used. Preference is given to electrophoresis and laser irradiation of the cornea.
Unfortunately, conservative methods only slow down the progression of the disease. In case of significant and rapid deterioration of vision, resort to surgical method– keratoplasty, which involves partial or complete replacement of the damaged area of the cornea.

If you have vision problems, do not put off visiting a doctor. If diagnosed with retinal dystrophy and corneal dystrophy, treatment is possible. And the sooner it starts, the higher the chances of a full life.