Isovaleric acid properties. Isovaleric acid. Isovaleric acid is a chemical

what is L-bromoisovaleric acid used for in medicine? and got the best answer

Answer from Mikhail Morozov[guru]
The ethyl ester of α-bromisovaleric acid, which is part of Corvalol, is a sedative and antispasmodic, acting like valerian extracts; in large doses, it also has a mild hypnotic effect.

Answer from Grin[guru]
Something the dentists used to say, I think for cleaning out excess residue in the mouth.

Answer from User deleted[newbie]
Sedatives (from lat. sedatio - sedation) - medicines, which have a general calming effect on the central nervous system. The sedative (calming) effect is manifested in a decrease in the reaction to various external stimuli and a slight decrease in daily activity.
The drugs of this group regulate the functions of the central nervous system, enhancing the processes of inhibition or lowering the processes of excitation. As a rule, they enhance the effect of sleeping pills (facilitate the onset and deepen natural sleep), analgesics and other drugs that depress the central nervous system.
Sedatives include bromine preparations - sodium bromide and potassium bromide, camphor bromide, as well as preparations made from medicinal plants(valerian, motherwort, passionflower, peony, etc.).
Bromides began to be used in medicine a very long time ago, back in the 19th century. The effect of bromine salts on higher nervous activity was studied in detail by IP Pavlov and his students in experimentally induced neurosis in dogs, as well as in healthy animals.
According to the school of IP Pavlov, the main effect of bromides is associated with the ability to concentrate and enhance the processes of inhibition in the cerebral cortex, restoring the disturbed balance between the processes of inhibition and excitation, especially with increased excitability of the central nervous system. The action of bromides depends on the type of higher nervous activity and functional state nervous system. Under experimental conditions, it has been shown that to obtain the same therapeutic effect, animals with a weak type of nervous activity require lower doses of bromides than animals with a strong type of nervous activity. In addition, as a rule, the lower the severity functional disorders in the cerebral cortex, the smaller doses are required to correct these disorders.
The dependence of the value of therapeutic doses of bromides on the type of nervous activity has also been confirmed in the clinic. In this regard, it is necessary to take into account the type and condition of the nervous system when selecting an individual dose.
Bromine preparations are used in various neurotic disorders as sedatives. Bromides also have anticonvulsant activity, but they are currently very rarely used as antiepileptic drugs (see Antiepileptic drugs).
It should be borne in mind that a feature of bromine salts is a slow excretion from the body (the concentration in the blood plasma decreases by half after about 12 days). Bromides accumulate in the body and can cause chronic poisoning (bromism), manifested by general lethargy, apathy, memory impairment, the appearance of a characteristic skin rash(acne bromica), irritation and inflammation of the mucous membranes, etc.
In medicine wide application have long been found preparations obtained from medicinal raw materials - rhizomes and roots of valerian, flowering tops of motherwort grass, shoots with leaves of passionflower grass, etc. plant origin due to their constituent essential oils, alkaloids, etc.
Valerian preparations contain an essential oil consisting of esters (including borneol alcohol and isovaleric acid), borneol, organic acids (including valeric), as well as some alkaloids (valerine and hatinin), tannins, sugar, etc. Valerian has a moderate calming effect, enhances the effect sleeping pills also has antispasmodic properties.
The main biologically active substances, which are part of motherwort preparations are flavonol glycosides, essential oils, low-toxic alkaloids, saponins, tannins.
There are combined preparations (validol, valocordin, etc.) that contain various sedatives.

In the free form and in the form of esters are found in the roots of valerian. Valerian tincture is used for cardiovascular diseases. Isovaleric acid is used in pharmaceutical industry for synthesis medicinal substances(bromisoval, validol).

Benzoic acid

used as an antiseptic in ointments, and in the form of sodium salt C 6 H 5 COONa - as an expectorant and diuretic. It is also used for the synthesis of certain medicinal substances (local anesthetics anestezin, novocaine).

Anestezin (ethyl ester of para-aminobenzoic acid)

white crystalline powder, odorless, slightly bitter taste, causes a feeling of numbness in the tongue. Slightly soluble in water, easily in alcohol. It is one of the earliest synthetic compounds used as local anesthetics. Synthesized in 1890, used since the late 90s. Widely used in the form of ointments, powders and other dosage forms with urticaria, skin diseases accompanied by itching, as well as for pain relief of the wound and ulcerative surface. In diseases of the rectum (cracks, itching, hemorrhoids), suppositories with anestezin are prescribed. With spasms in the esophagus, stomach, they are taken in the form of tablets, powders, mixtures.

Novocaine (β-diethylaminoethyl ester of para-aminobenzoic acid hydrochloride):

Colorless crystals, odorless, easily soluble in water and alcohol. Novocaine was synthesized in 1905. long time used in surgical practice for local anesthesia. Due to low toxicity and a wide range of therapeutic action, it is still widely used in various fields of medicine. In addition to local anesthesia, it is used intravenously and orally with hypertension, spasms blood vessels, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum, ulcerative colitis, neurodermatitis, eczema, keratitis and other diseases. Unlike cocaine, it does not have a narcotic effect.

Fats

The physiological value of vegetable oils is higher than that of animal fats. Vegetable oils, like animal fats, are high in calories and are a structural part of all body tissues (they play an important role in thermoregulation, perform a protective function, reserve). In the form of lipoproteins, they are part of cell membranes, contribute to the regulation of the penetration of water, salts, amino acids, carbohydrates into cells and the removal of metabolic products from them. Vegetable oils are a source of vitamins and unsaturated essential fatty acids - linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic. Therefore, the use of vegetable oils in food contributes to the digestion of food and proper metabolism in the body. Fat soluble vitamins, contained in vegetable oils, protect essential fatty acids from rapid oxidation.

Fats have been used since ancient times not only as food, but also for lighting, preparation of medicinal and cosmetic products, and formulations for skin treatment. In medicine, fats are used as a source of vitamin A. B medical practice oil emulsions are prepared from liquid vegetable oils (castor, almond); olive, sea buckthorn, almond, sunflower and linseed oils form the basis of medicinal ointments and liniments.

Castor oil consists mainly of ricinoleic acid triglycerides and is used as a laxative. When taken orally, it is cleaved by the enzyme lipase into small intestine with the formation of ricinoleic acid

Which causes irritation of the intestinal receptors and a reflex increase in peristalsis. Externally used in the form of ointments, balms for the treatment of burns, wounds, ulcers (balsamic liniment according to A. V. Vishnevsky), to soften the skin, remove dandruff, etc.

Sea buckthorn oil - contains a mixture of carotene and carotenoids, tocopherols, chlorophyll substances and glycerides of oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acids. Applied externally and internally in the treatment of radiation damage to the skin and mucous membranes.

Linetol- received from linseed oil. Contains a mixture of ethyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids: oleic, linoleic and linolenic. It is used internally for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and externally for burns and radiation damage to the skin.

The use of linetol in atherosclerosis is based on the ability of unsaturated fatty acids, especially those containing two or three double bonds (linoleic, linolenic), to lower blood cholesterol levels. Ethyl esters of linseed oil acids have the same effect as acids, but have better organoleptic properties and are better tolerated by patients.

Name Isovaleric acid Synonyms isovaleric acid (mixture of isomers); a mixture of isomers of 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acids; CAS registration number 503-74-2 Molecular formula C 5 H 10 O 2 Molecular weight 102.13 InChI InChI=1S/C5H10O2/c1-4(2)3-5(6)7/h4H,3H2,1-2H3,(H ,6,7) InChIKey GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES CC(C)CC(=O)O EINECS 207-975-3

Chemical and physical properties

Density 0.926 Boiling point 176°C Melting point -35°C Flash point 70°C Refractive index 1.399-1.407 Solubility 25 g/l (20°C) in water. Appearance Colorless or yellowish transparent liquid.

Risks, safety and conditions of use

Safety instructions S26; S28; S36/37/39; S38; S45 Risk Statement R22; R24; R34 Hazard category 6.1 Hazard symbols

Classification of chemical reagents

Pure ("pure") Isovaleric acid Ch. The content of the main component is 98% and above (without impurities). The color of the strip on the package is green. Pure for analysis (“analytical grade”, “analytical grade”) Isovaleric acid analytical grade. The content of the main component is higher or significantly higher than 98%. Impurities do not exceed the allowable limit for accurate analytical studies. The color of the strip on the package is blue. Chemically pure (“chemically pure”, “chemically pure”) Isovaleric acid chemically pure. The content of the main component is more than 99%. The color of the strip on the packaging is red. Extra pure (“high purity”) Isovaleric acid of high purity. The content of impurities in such a small amount that they do not affect the basic properties. The color of the strip on the packaging is yellow.

except essential oil, in the underground organs of valerian contains the main sedative active substances called valepotriates.

These compounds are iridoid epoxides in which the cyclopentanepyran skeleton has 5 hydroxyl groups. Two hydroxyls form an epoxide (cyclic ether) and the remaining three are esterified with isovaleric and acetic acids.

VALEPOTRIAT-VALTRAT BALDRINAL

Depending on the esterifying acids, different valepotriates are distinguished. In the process of drying freshly dug rhizomes, valepotriates are partially subjected to enzymatic cleavage with the formation of free isovaleric acid or its analogues and an iridoid - baldrinal. At the same time, the raw material acquires a smell characteristic of valerian.

Harvesting, primary processing, drying

Rhizomes with roots dug by hand. On plantations - valerian digger (potato digger). Picked up in September. Dug out rhizomes with roots are shaken off the ground, the aerial part is cut off, thick rhizomes are cut along, quickly and thoroughly washed off the ground. Dried under a canopy for 2 days and dried in a dryer at a temperature not exceeding 35-40°C. The color of the roots and rhizomes is from light brown to dark brown. The smell is strong, fragrant, peculiar.

Standardization

The quality of raw materials is regulated by GF XI and is determined by the content of extractives (at least 25% when extracted with 70% alcohol) and isovaleric acid, with a content of at least 1% (roots and rhizomes). FS 42-1530-89 (fresh rhizomes and roots). TU-64-4-44-83 - (valerian herb).

Medicinal raw materials

Whole or cut along the rhizome up to 4 cm long, up to 3 cm thick. Numerous thin adventitious roots depart from the rhizome. The smell is strong, specific. The color of the rhizome and roots is yellowish-brown on the outside.

Storage

Store raw materials in dry cool rooms on racks separately from non-aromatic types of raw materials. The shelf life of dried valerian raw materials is 3 years, fresh - 3 days.

Main action. Soothing.

Application

Valerian preparations reduce the excitability of the central nervous system, enhance the effect of sleeping pills, and have antispasmodic properties. They are used as sedatives for nervous excitement, insomnia, neuroses. of cardio-vascular system, spasms gastrointestinal tract(often combined with other sedatives and cardiac remedies).

The calming effect of valerian appears slowly, but quite steadily. In patients, the feeling of tension, irritability disappears, sleep improves.

Preparations: infusion, decoction, tincture, thick and dry valerian extracts.

Valocormid – combination drug(containing tincture of valerian) - soothing and antispasmodic. Applied with cardiovascular neurosis, accompanied by bradycardia.

Valosedan– combined preparation (containing valerian extract) – sedative

Corvalol- a combined preparation (containing ethyl ester of a-bromoisovaleric acid). Used for neuroses, insomnia, early stages hypertension, spasm of the coronary vessels.

Valocordin- a combined drug in composition and action close to Corvalola.

Dormiplant- combined preparation (containing dry extract of valerian root and lemon balm leaves) - sedative effect.

From fresh raw materials, valerian tincture is obtained, which is part of the complex preparation - Cardiovalena .

Valerian herb is used to obtain an extract that is part of the drinks.

Genus. name Pinus i, f. image. from the Celt. pin(rock, mountain) and is associated with the frequent habitat of pine (rocky cliffs, mountain cliffs).

View. defined . silvestris (silvester, tris, tre- forest) - characterizes the place of growth.

An evergreen coniferous tree up to 30-40 m high. Pine is one of the main forest-forming species of the CIS. Due to its wide ecological amplitude, it is distributed from the forest-tundra to the steppe zone.

Chemical composition

Pine buds contain up to 0.36% essential oil, which includes: pinene, limonene, resins; flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid, carotene.

With the smell of valerian, boiling point 176.5 .C, contained in the root of valerian officinalis. It is used in the production of validol, valocordin, fruit essences, etc.

Big encyclopedic Dictionary . 2000 .

See what "ISOVALERIC ACID" is in other dictionaries:

Exist., Number of synonyms: 1 acid (171) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

- (CH3)2CHCH2COOH, a colorless liquid with the smell of valerian, boiling point 176.5ºC, contained in the root of valerian officinalis. It is used in the production of validol, valocordin, fruit essences, etc. * * * ISOVALERIC ACID ISOVALERIC ACID, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

isovaleric acid- izovalerijonų rūgštis statusas T sritis chemija formulė (CH₃)₂CHCH₂COOH atitikmenys: angl. isovaleric acid. isovaleric acid ryšiai: sinonimas – 3 metilbutano rūgštis … Chemijos terminų aiskinamasis žodynas

See Valeric Acid... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

- (CH3)2CHCH2COOH, saturated carboxylic acid, colorless. liquid with the smell of valerian, boiling point 176.5 ° C, contained in the root of valerian officinalis. It is used in the production of validol, valocordin, fruit essences, etc... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

See Valeric Acids... Chemical Encyclopedia

Isovalerianicum acidum - Acidum isovalerianicum, Isovaleric acid- Isovaleric acid is the main component of the essential oil of valerian roots, it gives the valerian roots a peculiar pungent smell. The specific nature of the action is also associated with isovaleric acid ... ... Handbook of Homeopathy

Exist., number of synonyms: 171 abscisin (2) agaricin (1) adipyl (1) ... Synonym dictionary

CH3(CH2)3COOH, bp 185.4°C; found in valerian root. Used in the production of fragrant, medicinal and other substances. See also isovaleric acid. * * * VALERIC ACID VALERIC ACID, CH3(CH2)3 COOH, bp 185.4 °C;… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Fatty acids (aliphatic acids) are a large group of exclusively unbranched monobasic carboxylic acids with an open chain. The name is determined, firstly, chemical properties of this group of substances based on the presence ... ... Wikipedia