Stomatitis description of the disease. What is stomatitis and how to treat it. Allergic form of the disease

Stomatitis– a general term denoting all inflammatory processes on the oral mucosa. The process can spread to the mucous membrane of the tongue, palate, lips, and cheeks. If the lesions are located in a limited area, the disease may have other names:

• glossitis(inflammation on the tongue)
• stole(inflammation on the palate)
• gingivitis(inflammation of the mucous membrane of the gums)

Types of stomatitis depending on the duration of the course

Chronic stomatitis lasts a long time and is difficult to treat. In place of old foci of inflammation, new ones constantly appear, and degeneration of the mucous membrane develops.

Types of chronic stomatitis

• Recurrent stomatitis. After some foci of inflammation on the mucous membrane disappear, new ones appear in their place. Such relapses occur continuously over a long period of time. The disease usually occurs in waves, with periods of exacerbations and improvement.


• Leukoplakia. A change in the oral mucosa that occurs as a result of chronic stomatitis and manifests itself in the form of foci of keratinization.

Types of stomatitis depending on the elements occurring on the mucous membrane

Types of stomatitis depending on the cause

Traumatic stomatitis

The most common causes of traumatic stomatitis:

• sharp edges of teeth and their fragments, large carious cavities;
• wearing incorrectly installed crowns and dentures, braces;
• chemical and thermal burns mucous membrane;
• habit of constantly biting cheeks and lips;
• violations of the bite and shape of the teeth, leading to injury to the mucous membrane;
• thermal and chemical effects when eating too cold, hot, spicy food;
• constant and frequent consumption of solid foods that can damage the mucous membrane: gnawing seeds and nuts;
• smoking: irritation of the mucous membrane from tobacco smoke;
• Traumatic stomatitis often develops in young children who put everything in their mouth.

In acute single trauma, the disease most often occurs as catarrhal stomatitis. All symptoms disappear quickly, within a few days. There is redness and swelling, soreness of the mucous membrane. Then they may appear erosion– superficial defects of the mucous membrane.

If the traumatic effect on the mucous membrane was short-lived, then stomatitis often resolves spontaneously.

With long-term injuries, an infectious process is added to the irritation of the mucous membrane. The disease acquires chronic course, is accompanied by more severe symptoms, impairment general well-being.

Chronic aphthous stomatitis

Supposed causes of the development of chronic aphthous stomatitis:

• adenoviruses(one of the types of viruses that cause acute respiratory infections)
• staphylococci from a special group - this theory considers the bacterial nature of the disease
• autoimmune reactions – pathological immune response to foreign bodies that enter the oral cavity and come into contact with the mucous membrane
• immunity disorders: It is believed that relapses of chronic aphthous stomatitis are associated with a weakening of certain parts of the immune system

Symptoms of chronic aphthous stomatitis

First, a red spot appears on the mucous membrane. It has a round or oval shape, approximately 1 cm in diameter. Within a few hours, swelling forms in this area, and the spot rises above the surface of the mucous membrane. Then erosion occurs, which is covered with a gray fibrin coating. This is called aphtha.

Aphthae are soft and painful to the touch. If death occurs large quantity cells of the mucous membrane, then a pronounced infiltrate (compaction) appears under the aphtha. Necrotic masses(dead tissue) are on the surface of the aphthae in the form of a thick gray coating. Beneath it is an erosion or ulcer.

Sometimes chronic aphthous stomatitis is accompanied by lymphadenitis– inflammation and increase in size lymph nodes. Rarely there is an increase in temperature.

After 2–3 days from the onset of aphthae, all necrotic masses are rejected. After another 2–4 days, complete healing occurs.

Variants of the course of chronic aphthous stomatitis:

• simultaneous appearance of a large number of aphthae, after which they heal
• aphthae appear in paroxysms over several weeks: some elements disappear, after which others appear in their place
• aphthae appear one at a time

Candidal stomatitis

Causes of infection with the fungus Candida albicans:

• Decreased immunity with severe and frequent infectious pathologies, blood diseases, malignant tumors, AIDS. People with normal immunity develop fungal infections extremely rarely.
• Infancy. The ore child's immunity is weak and not fully developed.
• Elderly age. In old age, a natural decline of immune forces occurs, giving rise to the development of a large number of infections.
• HIV. This viral disease accompanied by a strong decrease in the body's defenses. In 90% of patients with the human immunodeficiency virus at the AIDS stage, candidal stomatitis is detected.
• Diabetes. High blood glucose levels create favorable conditions for the proliferation of fungi of the genus Candida.
• Dry mouth. Most often it develops as a result of improper use of various mouth rinses.
• Pregnancy. In pregnant women, the risk of developing candidal stomatitis is increased due to hormonal changes in the body.
• Wearing dentures, failure to comply with oral hygiene rules.
• Taking powerful antibiotics. Antibacterial drugs destroy most bacteria that are natural competitors of Candida fungi.
• Taking glucocorticoids in the form of sprays. Glucocorticoids are hormonal drugs, one of the effects of which is immune suppression. They are used in the form of sprays for bronchial asthma. Partially entering the oral cavity, glucocorticoids inhibit local protective reactions and promote the growth of fungi.

Acute candidal stomatitis manifests itself as white plaque, which covers the entire mucous membrane of the oral cavity. It is easy to detect during direct inspection. Plaque can be easily removed using a cotton or gauze swab. Underneath there is an inflamed mucous membrane (red, swollen). Many patients with candidal stomatitis report pain and discomfort while eating. If a child has the disease, he becomes whiny and irritable.

Chronic candidal stomatitis is accompanied by a burning sensation in the mouth and throat and difficulty swallowing. With a significant decrease in immunity, the fungal infection spreads to the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus.

Herpetic stomatitis

Herpetic or herpes viral stomatitis can occur in two forms: acute and chronic.

Stages of illness And I:

• incubation: the virus enters the body and begins to multiply in it, while no symptoms are noted;
• prodromal: initial stage when an inflammatory process is already developing on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, but it is weakly expressed, there are no rashes;
• rash stage– characteristic elements appear on the mucous membrane;
• healing stage, when the rash disappears, the mucous membrane is restored;
• convalescence stage, or recovery.

1. Light degree. Characteristic elements appear on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, but they are not accompanied by general disorders in the body.
2. Moderate severity. Manifestations in the oral cavity are accompanied by a disturbance in the general condition of the patient.
3. Severe degree characterized by severe symptoms.

At first, herpetic stomatitis occurs in the catarrhal form (see above). Then characteristic bubbles appear on the mucous membrane, which then leave aphthae of erosion in their place. In severe cases of the disease, ulcers may form on the oral mucosa.

General symptoms of herpetic stomatitis:

• increase in body temperature: depending on the severity of the disease, it can be low-grade (no more than 37⁰C) or very high
• general malaise
• headache
• nausea and vomiting
• appetite and sleep disturbances

Chronic herpes viral stomatitis

Symptoms of vesicular stomatitis

The first symptoms of the disease appear 5–6 days after infection with the virus. At first, the patient is worried about fever, chills, general malaise, weakness, and headaches. Sometimes there is a sore throat, runny nose, and muscle pain. Therefore, at first the course of the disease resembles a cold.
Then small, painful blisters appear on the oral mucosa. Inside them there is a transparent watery liquid. They open and heal completely within a few days.

Enteroviral stomatitis

Symptoms of enteroviral stomatitis

The symptoms of the disease are quite characteristic and are figuratively called “mouth-hand-foot”. Characteristic rashes in the form of painful blisters are found on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, hands, and feet. Patients are often concerned about fever and other symptoms of poor general health.

Other viral stomatitis

Bacterial stomatitis (staphylococcal and streptococcal)

Factors contributing to the occurrence of streptococcal and staphylococcal stomatitis:

• trauma to the oral mucosa: small scratches, wounds, cuts, etc.;
• carious cavities in the teeth;
• purulent process in gum pockets;
• violation of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during dental procedures and surgical interventions;
• significant decrease in immunity.

Bacterial stomatitis can have varying degrees of severity. Sometimes they represent only a superficial inflammation of the mucous membrane, and sometimes they are a severe purulent process with a pronounced violation of the general condition of the patient (the so-called “oral sepsis”).

The most common forms in which bacterial stomatitis occurs:

• Impetiginous stomatitis. The disease is initially streptococcal in nature, and then staphylococcus is found in the lesions. Young children are most often affected. The disease manifests itself as a formation on the oral mucosa erosions– surface defects. They have a grayish-yellow coating on them, which causes bleeding when removed. With impetiginous stomatitis, ulcers often form on the gums.


• Erysipelas of the mucous membranes of the mouth (erysipelas). The disease is caused by streptococci. An inflammatory process develops, as a result of which the mucous membrane becomes swollen, painful, and crimson spots appear on it. Increased bleeding is noted. In severe cases of the disease, blisters, ulcers, and areas of tissue necrosis form on the mucous membrane. Erysipelas of the mucous membranes is accompanied by a deterioration in the patient’s general well-being and an increase in body temperature. With high activity of the infectious process and weak immune defense, a complication in the form of sepsis can develop.


• Seizures in the corners of the mouth. This condition can also be considered as a type bacterial stomatitis. First, a small abscess appears in the corner of the mouth. It breaks through and a sore remains in its place. In the future, if it is injured, it does not heal, but turns into a crack that passes into the mucous membrane of the cheek.

Allergic stomatitis

Types of allergic stomatitis:

• chronic aphthous stomatitis (see above);
• exudative erythema multiforme;
• allergic stomatitis;
• dermatostomatitis: autoimmune diseases, which affect various organs, leading to the development of stomatitis and dermatitis.

Exudative erythema multiforme

Symptoms of allergic stomatitis caused by exudative erythema multiforme:

• the disease begins with redness and swelling of the mucous membrane;
• then blisters filled with clear liquid appear at the lesion sites; they burst, leaving erosion in their place;
• erosion becomes covered with a purulent or bloody crust and gradually heals;
• During the appearance of erosions, the patient experiences general weakness, malaise, and body temperature rises.

Dermatostomatitis

Autoimmune diseases that can be complicated by stomatitis:

• systemic lupus erythematosus
• scleroderma
• pemphigus
• psoriasis
• lichen planus

Each pathology is characterized by its own symptoms and specific damage to the mucous membrane.

Allergic stomatitis

Types of allergic stomatitis:

• fixed– damage to the mucous membrane always develops in the same place;
• common– all mucous membranes of the oral cavity are affected.

Treatment methods for stomatitis

Drug therapy for stomatitis

Traditional methods of treating stomatitis**

To rinse the mouth for stomatitis, use an alcohol tincture of calendula in a ratio of 1:10. The flowers of this plant have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects. A teaspoon of tincture should be diluted in a glass of water before use. Rinse your mouth 3-4 times a day, depending on your doctor’s instructions.

Alcohol tincture of calendula is sold in pharmacies in bottles of 40 and 50 ml.

St. John's wort tincture

St. John's wort has long been known folk medicine as an effective astringent and enveloping agent. When treating stomatitis, a tincture of flowers in 40% alcohol in a ratio of 1:5 is used. Sold in pharmacies in bottles.
To prepare a solution for rinsing, 30–40 drops of St. John's wort tincture are dissolved in one glass of water.

Infusion of sage leaves

Sage leaves are collected throughout the summer. The plant grows in many regions of Russia; you can buy ready-made medicinal raw materials in filter bags. Sage shedding has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and contains tannins.

Preparation of infusion of sage leaves: dissolve 1 tablespoon of dried leaves in a glass of boiling water, cool, and strain. Rinse your mouth throughout the day as prescribed by your doctor.

Oak bark

The bark of young thin oak branches collected in early spring has medicinal properties. Decoctions are prepared from it in a ratio of bark and water of 1:10, which are then used to rinse the mouth throughout the day. Oak bark is sold in pharmacies in ready-dried form in boxes.

Kalanchoe juice

Contains components that have an anti-inflammatory effect, help cleanse ulcers from pus and dead tissue, accelerating the healing process. To treat stomatitis, Kalanchoe juice is used in the form of applications - cotton or gauze swabs moistened with cotton are applied to the affected areas. Pharmacies sell ready-made alcohol solution Kalanchoe juice.

Eucalyptus leaves

The plant contains a large number of antiseptics.
Preparing a decoction for mouth rinsing. Take 10 g of dry eucalyptus leaves. Pour a glass of water and boil. Cool, strain. To rinse, dilute a spoonful of the resulting broth in a glass of water. For convenience, dried leaves are sold in pharmacies in briquettes.

For stomatitis, you can use eucalyptus oil. It is diluted in a glass of water in the amount of 10 - 15 drops.

Propolis

It is a beekeeping product. It consists of a large number of components that have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and healing effects. In pharmacies, propoly can be purchased in the form of an alcohol tincture of 10% (in 80% ethyl alcohol).

To use for stomatitis, 15 ml of alcohol tincture of propolis is diluted in half a glass or a whole glass of water. Rinse your mouth 3 – 4 times a day. The total duration of treatment with propolis is 4 – 5 days.

When are antibiotics prescribed for stomatitis? What antibacterial drugs should I take?

Drugs used for stomatitis of infectious origin:

• bacterial infection(staphylococcal, streptococcal, etc.): antibacterial drugs are used, in accordance with the type of pathogenic microorganisms;
• infectious process as a complication traumatic, allergic and other stomatitis: antibacterial drugs are used;
• candidal stomatitis: antifungal drugs are used;
• enteroviral, vesicular and other viral stomatitis: Appropriate antiviral drugs are used.

If self-medication with antibiotics is incorrect, the effect of the drugs is reduced, and complications may develop.

Is it possible to use furatsilin for stomatitis?

Furacilin can be purchased at a pharmacy in two dosage forms :

• tablet form. Preparation of rinse solution: crush two tablets and dissolve in a glass of water (stir well, since furatsilin dissolves with difficulty).
• In bottles, as a ready-made solution for rinsing.

Is it possible to treat stomatitis with brilliant green?

• Brilliant green is not always effective for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa;
• this remedy may have a damaging effect on the oral mucosa;
• Today there is a large arsenal of more effective and safe means.

Is stomatitis contagious?

• regular hand washing;
• daily oral care: brushing teeth, rinsing, etc.;
• use of separate dishes;
• temporary refusal of kisses;
• for children - do not take other people's toys;
• use of separate towels, bed linen, personal hygiene products;
• household items, personal hygiene, dishes, linen, toys must be disinfected: boiling, ironing, quartzing, using disinfectants;
• maintaining the immune system in good condition.

How does stomatitis affect the immune system and vice versa? How does stomatitis occur with HIV?

And the risk of contracting any type of infectious stomatitis is high mainly in the risk group, that is, in people with reduced immune forces.
Children have imperfect, not yet fully formed immunity. An already “tired” immune system that has exhausted its potential is typical for older people. That's why Children under 5 years of age and people over 60 years of age especially often suffer from stomatitis. .

But not only immunity affects the development and course of stomatitis. Thus, some types of stomatitis have a negative effect on the body's defenses. As you know, herpes, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, fungi “cut down the immune system,” and not only local, in the oral cavity, but also systemic. And bacterial stomatitis disrupts the microflora of the oral cavity, which protects not only the oral cavity, but also Airways. Also, bacteria and viruses often affect the lymph nodes - immune organs - tonsils, sublingual, cervical and other types of lymph nodes.

As a conclusion, stomatitis is an immunocompetent disease.

Another striking example of the interdependence of stomatitis and immunity is Features of stomatitis in HIV-positive patients:

• stomatitis almost constantly accompanies HIV-infected patients have a chronic course with constant exacerbations and relapses, there may be no remission at all;
• according to the condition of the oral mucosa judge the presence of indications for HIV testing and the stage of HIV/AIDS;
• often found chronic aphthous stomatitis ;
• stomatitis is common in people with HIV affects most of the mucous membrane of the mouth, tongue, lips ;
• often meets combined types of stomatitis: fungal, herpetic, bacterial;
• cytomegalovirus stomatitis with HIV can lead to the death of the patient, even if he is taking antiretroviral therapy;
• for such patients it is typical necrotic-ulcerative lesion of the oral mucosa and gums, bleeding gums, periodontal disease, progressive caries, as a result - suppuration of teeth and their rapid loss, possible damage to the bone structures of the jaws.

• Availability generalized damage to all structures of the oral cavity (cheeks, upper and lower palate, tongue, gums, teeth), the presence of total periodontitis;
• chronic and long-term stomatitis (usually fungal), not treatable with standard treatment regimens;
• presence of leukoplakia – keratinization of the oral mucosa;
• presence of a “hairy” tongue (hairy leukoplakia) – keratinization of the papillae of the tongue as a result of prolonged exposure to fungal flora, the papillae resemble hairs;
• Availability condylomas and papillomas in the oral cavity;
• herpes zoster in the mouth – herpes zoster , which, in addition to the mucous membrane, affects the nerve fiber, is characterized by blistering rashes on the upper or lower palate and severe pain; pain often requires strong analgesics, including narcotic drugs;
• Kaposi's sarcoma – malignant formation lymphatic vessels, in the oral cavity can be located on the palate, tongue, gums, they look like bright red or brown nodules that enlarge, then painful ulcers form in their place.

Photo: Kaposi's sarcoma in the oral cavity of a patient with AIDS.

Of course, these oral diseases are not a 100% diagnosis of HIV, but in 75% of cases of such pathologies, a positive HIV ELISA blood test result is obtained. Such a diagnosis cannot be made without tests.

Treatment of stomatitis in HIV-positive people long-term, aimed at the pathogen (antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral drugs). But without correction of immunity, that is, without antiretroviral therapy (HAART), etiotropic treatment is unsuccessful. But when adequate HAART is prescribed and taken regularly, stomatitis often goes away within a month.

For the prevention of stomatitis in HIV-positive individuals Prophylactic use of Fluconazole, Co-trimoxazole and Azithromycin is recommended.

Stomatitis in infants (up to 1 year) and young children (aged 1 to 5 years), what are the features, signs and symptoms?

Stomatitis in children over 5 years of age occurs in the same way as in adults.

Types of stomatitis most common in children under 5 years of age:

1. Viral herpetic stomatitis– most often occurs in children aged 1 to 5 years, which is associated with the first meeting of children’s immunity with herpetic infection, such a “debut” of herpes. As a result of such stomatitis, children develop antibodies (immunoglobulins G) to the herpes simplex virus, which protect the body from relapse of herpes, because this virus does not go away, but “dormants” in the body almost all its life. Repeated herpetic rashes on the lips, face, and mouth (relapses and exacerbations) in such children are possible only when the defenses are reduced, for example, after the flu or stress. Herpetic stomatitis is especially severe in infants, with the rash spreading beyond the oral cavity to the skin of the lips and face, which can lead to complications associated with damage to the central nervous system.

2. Candidiasis or fungal stomatitis - typical for children from birth to 3 years. The development of such stomatitis is associated with a disruption of the normal microflora of the oral cavity, that is, a lack of “good” bacteria, the entry of fungi through nipples, pacifiers, milk, and mammary glands. In children under one month of age, the microflora is generally just being populated. A good nutrient medium for mushrooms is milk - the main food for children under 3 years old. Taking antibiotics is common cause candidal stomatitis.

3. Bacterial stomatitis– more common in children older than 1 year, bacterial inflammation develops against the background of traumatic stomatitis. The mucous membrane of the mouth in babies is very thin and delicate, and is injured by both high and low temperatures, toys, fingers. There are always bacteria in the mouth, this is normal, but if there are wounds, these bacteria cause bacterial ulcerative stomatitis.

Also for children Acute types of stomatitis are characteristic . Chronic stomatitis develops in children with poor immunity and in dysfunctional families where basic hygiene rules are not observed.

Signs and symptoms of stomatitis in children.

Children who cannot speak naturally do not complain. And parents cannot immediately understand that the baby has stomatitis; changes in the oral cavity are often detected a few days after the onset of the disease.

The onset of stomatitis, how to suspect this disease in a baby?

• The disease begins acutely, sometimes even suddenly;
• the baby is capricious, screaming for no apparent reason;
• sleeps poorly;
• the child may be lethargic and apathetic;
• puts his fingers in his mouth, while getting nervous;
• increased salivation is observed;
• body temperature rises, often up to 40 0 ​​C;
• refuses to eat and is capricious while eating;
• children who love pacifiers suddenly refuse them;
• frequent possible loose stool, especially with fungal stomatitis;
• Possible vomiting;
• in severe cases, the lymph nodes in the neck may become enlarged.

How to detect stomatitis in a child’s mouth?

• all surfaces of the tongue;
• hard palate - the upper surface of the oral cavity;
• soft palate - under the tongue;
• inner surfaces of the cheeks;
• inner surfaces of lips, gums;
• then, pressing slightly on the upper surface of the tongue, examine the palatine arches and back wall pharynx (simply put throat), it is necessary to remember that stomatitis ulcers can be localized on the tonsils .

The procedure is certainly unpleasant for the baby, so it is very important to distract him at this time, and if that doesn’t work, then let him cry a little; while screaming, it is much easier to assess the condition of the mucous membrane.

But you need to be very careful, since in children with good immunity, there may be a single ulcer in the mouth and small in size, it is not always easy to see, but intoxication can be quite pronounced.

Photo: herpetic stomatitis in a child, the ulcer is located on the inner surface of the mucous membrane of the upper lip.

Photo: candidal stomatitis in a child, in this case changes in to a greater extent distributed on the surface of the tongue - that is, it has developed fungal glossitis .

Photo: facial skin streptoderma and bacterial stomatitis in a child caused by streptococcal infection.

Can ulcers with stomatitis in a child bleed?

Thus, herpetic stomatitis is characterized by the formation of vesicles that open, and in their place aphthae are formed - bleeding ulcers. And with fungal stomatitis, a white or gray plaque forms, after removing which you can also see a bleeding surface. There is almost always bleeding when gums are affected by stomatitis.

Bleeding indicates the severity of stomatitis. Also, this symptom is often accompanied by an unpleasant, sometimes even putrid, odor from the mouth.

The principles of treating stomatitis with bleeding are the same as for stomatitis without this symptom. You can add agents that strengthen the walls of blood vessels and hemostatic drugs (vitamins A, E, C, Vikasol, calcium gluconate, aminocaproic acid).

Treatment of stomatitis in children under 5 years of age. How to treat stomatitis in children under 1 year of age?

Treatment of stomatitis should be comprehensive and consist of several types of treatment of the oral cavity, both etiological (against the pathogen), and anti-inflammatory and healing. The main thing is to distribute all these procedures correctly and evenly throughout the day. It is important to treat the oral cavity after eating food and sweet drinks.

The diet for the treatment of any stomatitis should be gentle, it is necessary to exclude irritating foods and drinks.

• Stomatidin – possible from 4 years old;
• Sodium tetraborate (Borax), Bicarmite – effective, but serious side effects that threaten the child’s life are possible; possible from 18 years of age;
• Hexoral – recommended from 6 years;
• Metrogil Denta – contraindicated in children under 14 years of age;
• Boric acid 2% - contraindicated for children under one year of age;
• Yodovidone – not recommended for children under 8 years of age;
• Bioparox – not recommended for children under 2.5 years of age;
• Ingalipt, Tartum Verde and many other sprays - for children over 3 years old;
• Solcoseryl – from 18 years old;
• Chlorophyllipt oil solution – not recommended for children under 10 years of age;
• Lugol's solution on glycerin – not recommended for children under 5 years of age, and for older children it must be used with caution, as it can lead to burns of the oral mucosa;
• Holisal – suitable for children over 1 year old;
• Mouth rinse – difficult in pediatric practice.

Acute stomatitis in children is treated from 5 to 14 days, while chronic stomatitis can be treated for months, especially if it developed against the background of immunodeficiency (for example, HIV).

How to cure stomatitis in children over 5 years old?

Treatment of stomatitis in children over 5 years of age is basically the same as in adults, except for those drugs that are contraindicated in a certain age category.

Temperature during stomatitis in a child and an adult, what is it like, how many days does it last and how to bring it down?

In young children, stomatitis is always accompanied by very high temperature body, up to 40 0 ​​C, and it is this symptom that worries mother and child most of all.

Why does body temperature increase with stomatitis?

4. Infectious diseases that reduce immunity :

• flu;
• childhood infections;
• Epstein-Barr virus and other herpetic diseases;
• tuberculosis;
• syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases.

6. Permanent trauma to the oral mucosa:

• uncomfortable dentures;
• alcohol abuse;
• habit of eating hot, cold, sour, spicy, rough or hard foods, carbonated drinks;
• improper use of toothpaste and mouth rinses;
• using toothpicks and so on.

8. Stress , improper sleep and rest patterns, lack of vitamins and microelements in the body.

Treatment of recurrent stomatitis should be aimed not only at the inflammation itself, but also at treating the causes that led to this disease:

Chronic fungal stomatitis, complicated by leukoplakia - keratinization of the mucous membrane or papillae of the tongue ("hairy" tongue) requires surgical intervention.

How to quickly cure stomatitis in children and adults at home?

But there are indications for mandatory consultation with a doctor, in which home self-medication can aggravate the course of stomatitis, worsen the quality of life and threaten the development of severe complications.

When can stomatitis not be treated without consulting a doctor?

• Stomatitis in children under 1 year of age, especially herpetic;
• stomatitis due to HIV infection and other immunodeficiencies;
• any chronic and recurrent stomatitis;
• if the ulcers occupy more than half the surface of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and tongue;
• bleeding wounds in the mouth;
• for purulent dental diseases;
• Without positive effect from self-medication for 3 days.

• etiotropic treatment , aimed at the pathogen (antiviral, antiseptic and antifungal ointments, gels, rinsing solutions);
• anti-inflammatory drugs For local application;
• healing drugs for treatment of the oral cavity;
• traditional methods of treatment .

Read more about methods of treating stomatitis in the corresponding section of the article: .

It must be remembered that any medicinal and herbal preparation may cause adverse reactions, allergies, in this case it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor.

It is also important to adhere proper nutrition during treatment of stomatitis.

Principles of diet for stomatitis:

• use only warm , food at a comfortable temperature, hot and ice should be avoided;
• avoid spicy, sour and bitter foods , limit the use of salt and sugar;
• abstinence from drinking alcohol (although there is a legend in everyday life that if you have stomatitis, you should rinse your mouth with vodka), alcohol additionally contributes to chemical injury to the oral mucosa and aggravates the course of the disease;
• food should be soft , preferably crushed or heat-treated, that is, you need to give up hard, whole and raw vegetables and fruits, seeds, nuts, meat and fish with small bones, crackers, hard cookies, and so on;
• preferred liquid, ground or finely ground food, preferably heat-treated, with virtually no large amounts of flavoring additives;
• the diet should contain complete content vitamins and microelements ;
• drinking plenty of fluids necessary to flush out infection from the oral cavity and the body as a whole, purified water is welcome, including mineral, black and green tea, non-acidic juices and compotes.

Frequent stomatitis in adults, the causes of which are different, brings significant discomfort and inconvenience in the implementation Everyday life. Stomatitis is a disease that affects the mucous membrane of the mouth. Pathology manifests itself as inflammation. Stomatitis occurs more often in children with reduced immunity to various irritants. However, against the backdrop of an unfavorable environmental situation in the world, increased stress load and a decrease in the body’s immune abilities, this disease is becoming more common in adults. Let's look at the reasons for the appearance of this disease and talk about how to make sure that the appearance of stomatitis does not take you by surprise.

Reasons for appearance

The causes of stomatitis in adults can be different. Stomatitis can act as an independent disease or be a background to the development of pathology of another body system.

Primary appearance of the disease

Causes of oral stomatitis:

1. Infection: bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses;
2. Incorrect food intake;
3. Injury from thermal, mechanical or chemical agents.

Normally, the mouth contains resident microflora that does not cause the development of the disease. However, under the influence of a number of additional factors, this microbial substance is activated and gradually leads to the appearance of ulcers of the oral mucosa.

Violation of the composition and quality of food leads to a gradual deficiency of substances necessary for the body. At the initial stage, the body will use its reserves, thereby trying to compensate for the shortage that has arisen. Deficiency of vitamins B, B12- is especially reflected in the development of stomatitis. folic acid and microelements such as zinc and iron. In order for stomatitis to occur under the influence of traumatic factors, it is necessary specific background, often created by the patient himself. Often, patients themselves note that stomatitis appears as a result of an accidental cut or biting on solid food particles or orthopedic structures. It may also appear due to accidental burns with acid or alkali. As mentioned earlier, certain conditions are required for the onset of the disease.

Conditions conducive to the development of stomatitis due to injury by thermal, mechanical or chemical agents:

• Failure to comply with personal hygiene standards - eating food with dirty hands, eating unwashed vegetables and fruits;
• Orthopedic structures made of low quality material or improper installation;
• Excessive oral hygiene: Most toothpastes contain sodium lauryl sulfate, which promotes foaming. However, if you use toothpaste excessively, this substance will help reduce the rate of saliva secretion. Over time, this will lead to dry mucous membranes and its vulnerability to acids and alkalis;
• Pharmacological drugs, side effect which is a decrease in salivary secretion. As an option, taking diuretics contributes to the development of dehydration;
• Tobacco smoking and addiction to alcoholic beverages;
• Somatic pathology.

Often, the onset of stomatitis in adults is also a sign of some pathology of the body, perhaps not yet identified.

The disease can appear with the following pathologies:

1. Oncology: there is constant stomatitis in the mouth. These outbreaks of frequent occurrence of the disease may hint at oncological transformations of the nose, neck and throat;
2. In the state of tumor therapy: during radiation and chemotherapy;
3. In HIV-infected adults: the risk of stomatitis due to reduced immunity is very high;
4. Diseases of the digestive system: gastritis, colitis, helminthic infestations are often indicated by lesions of the mucous membrane and oral cavity in the form of ulcers;
5. Defects in the functioning of the endocrine system or its excessive activity: a surge of hormones in female diseases, pregnancy or stoppage of menstruation;
6. Diabetes mellitus as a disease characterized by a malfunction of the insulin apparatus: bacterial flora is often associated, with the development of;
7. Diseases of the respiratory system: patients with bronchial asthma sometimes forced to use inhalers with hormonal content. With frequent use, development occurs;
8. Diseases of the hematopoietic system: anemia;
9. For dehydration caused by prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, large blood loss and prolonged fever.

Classifications of the disease

Variants of stomatitis in adults are classified in correlation with the pathogen that can cause changes in the mucosa:

Symptoms

The symptoms of the disease in adults are quite typical. Usually stomatitis is localized on soft tissues oral cavity, with a pronounced submucosal layer: the inner surface of the lips, cheeks, tonsils, soft palate. Less commonly, manifestations are noted on the tongue and under it. And extremely rarely in other parts of the oral cavity, where the submucosal layer is less pronounced: gums, hard palate.

Acute stomatitis quickly becomes chronic. And therefore it is definitely rarely possible to notice it in adults. For the most part, a chronic process or changes characteristic of an exacerbation of the process can be observed in the oral cavity.

Using the example of bacterial stomatitis, consider the characteristics of mucosal lesions and the associated symptoms

• Initially, the patient notes a burning sensation, a feeling of discomfort when talking, eating food in any area of ​​the mucous membrane;
• The next day or in the near future, 1-2 rounded elements appear in the place of concern, with a small depression in the center, quickly covered by a coating. Around the elements, thickening of the mucous membrane (formation of a cushion) is characteristic, due to perifocal inflammation. Otherwise, the oral mucosa may not show any changes. The patient notes a feeling of discomfort, pain in this area, tries to limit food intake on the affected side;
• The process spreads quickly, and more and more elements tend to merge appear. When the pustules are localized on the tonsils, the patient may experience pain when swallowing. General symptoms of changes in the body are connected;
• The patient, in order not to injure the affected area, tries to limit movement of the lips and tongue;
• Often, in addition to oral ulcers, the following changes are also noted: increased saliva production, bad breath, bleeding gums.

In general, the appearance of systemic symptoms occurs in two cases: decreased immunity and severe spread of the disease.

The patient has the following changes:

1. Temperature increase: from 37.5 and above, up to 39 degrees Celsius;
2. Enlarged lymph nodes: both local and regional;
3. Sleep and appetite disturbances;
4. Asthenic condition.

Against the background of poor nutrition and dehydration of the body, these phenomena are especially aggravated.

Treatment provided

Features of therapy depend on the form of stomatitis.

The following forms are distinguished:

• Catarrhal;
• Aphthous;
• Herpetic;
• Ulcerative.

The catarrhal form is susceptible to self-healing if patients comply with oral hygiene and nutritional correction. It is necessary to exclude spicy, fried, smoked, and solid foods. It is recommended to eat food with the consistency of sour cream and cream. You can perform salt rinses.

The remaining forms are treated in correlation with the manifestations in the mouth and the severity of symptoms:

1. Painkillers: against the background of severe pain syndrome the patient's ability to lead an active and productive lifestyle decreases. Therefore, the doctor may prescribe local anesthetic, used in the mouth, before eating, working, or even for pain. The doctor may recommend: Anestezin, Hexoral tabs, Lidocaine Asept, Lidochlor, aloe juice or decoctions medicinal herbs(chamomile, sage, calendula);
2. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapy: it is necessary to complement treatment with drugs against infection. The drugs are used in the form of rinses, absorbable tablets, ointments, gels, sprays, and lozenges. The doctor recommends for use: Hexoral spray, Cholisal, Kamistad, Evcarom, Stomatidin, Kameton, Eucalyptus M, Actovegin.
3. Drugs against viruses and fungi, non-steroidal drugs: therapy is determined by the cause of stomatitis. For herpetic stomatitis, treatment consists of using antiviral drugs in the form of ointments and tablets: Acyclovir, Zovirax, interferon ointment. Candidal stomatitis requires greater variability in intervention. It is necessary to use antifungal agents: Nystatin ointment, Levorin. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used for all forms and types of stomatitis: tavegil, Suprastin, Diazolin;
4. To speed up healing, agents that accelerate epithelialization are used. These drugs must contain vitamin A and E. It is good if the drug, in addition to its regenerative abilities, can have an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect. Recommended for use: Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste, Karotolin, sea buckthorn and rosehip oil, Vinilin or Shostakovsky balm, Propolis spray.

The sequence of actions of the dentist at the appointment:

• Application anesthesia: Lidoxor gel, Lidocaine spray;
• Antiseptic treatment: 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, 0.05_2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution;
• Application of agents: antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal action. In case of healing of the surface defect of the mucous membrane, application of regenerative agents (Aekol).

The doctor, based on the clinical situation, prescribes repeated appointments until the disease is completely eliminated.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of frequent stomatitis, it is recommended to follow the following rules:

1. Maintaining oral hygiene;
2. Increasing immunity: through hardening, physical activity, walking in the fresh air;
3. Nutritious food;
4. Limiting stress and overwork;
5. Regular medical examinations.

By following these simple requirements, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of stomatitis and its exacerbations if the process was already in the chronic stage.

Stomatitis is an infection of the oral cavity, as a result of which the mucous membrane becomes covered with painful ulcers. Almost every child and a much smaller percentage of adults have suffered from such an unpleasant disease. Regardless of who has personally encountered the disease, the parent of a child or a person in adulthood, the topic of whether stomatitis is contagious for others or does not pose a threat is always relevant.

The answer to the question about the contagiousness (infectiousness) of stomatitis is directly related to the root cause that provoked the inflammatory process in the oral cavity. The triggering mechanisms for the onset of the disease are not fully understood, but there is a presumptive opinion that stomatitis is a reaction of the immune system to an irritant that has entered the body. Most likely, this aspect is responsible for the predominant morbidity among children, since their body’s defenses are not yet sufficiently formed to fight pathogenic microorganisms.

To understand for yourself whether your stomatitis can be transmitted through a kiss, you need to see a doctor for examination and testing. laboratory tests to find out the form of the disease and the type of pathogen.

Oksana Shiyka

Dentist-therapist

Is stomatitis transmitted by kissing a person or not? Not always, it depends on the type of stomatitis and the reason that caused its appearance.

Types of stomatitis and routes of infection

There are the most common forms of inflammation of the oral cavity, and this will determine whether you can infect others with stomatitis:

1. viral, among which herpes is common;
2. bacterial;
3. fungal;
4. aphthous;
5. traumatic.

It is worth saying that almost all types of stomatitis are contagious to others, with the exception of a few. A particularly striking chain of infection can be observed among children who are in close contact with each other.

Oksana Shiyka

Dentist-therapist

As a rule, if in kindergarten If one child gets sick, then soon his closest friend will also develop inflammation in the mouth.

Infection mainly occurs through airborne droplets, contact or household contact. The possibility of infection through biological fluids (blood, saliva, breast milk) cannot be excluded.

Infection with a viral form of stomatitis

This species is clearly contagious and poses a danger to others, as it easily spreads among people. Average duration The disease can vary within 5–10 days, during these days the likelihood of infection from the carrier increases.

In addition, there is an incubation period - when the patient does not experience severe symptoms, it can last from 5 to 14 days. In this case, there is no direct threat, but there is a potential danger of infection. As for babies, the deadline incubation period lasts no more than 3 days.

Main pathogens:

• adenovirus;
• enterovirus;
• herpes simplex type 1;
• parainfluenza and influenza viruses;
• chicken pox.

How can stomatitis of viral origin be transmitted:

• in direct contact with an infected person;
• in the domestic environment: shared dishes, linen, personal items, children’s toys;
• by airborne droplets;
• through circulatory system, If infected blood the patient will get on the mucous membrane of a healthy person, especially if there are even minor microtraumas on it;
• through saliva during a kiss, there is also a possibility of infection through sexual contact.
• fecal-oral route – typical for enteroviral vesicular stomatitis. This type is found primarily among young children who “put everything in their mouths,” weakened children, and bottle-fed infants.

This is how a viral disease is transmitted. The direct source of infection are ulcers with blisters that the patient touches, thereby spreading the infection. But do not forget that the virus is not concentrated specifically in them, but “walks” through the blood, so it is better to minimize all close contacts with an infected person until recovery.

Who is most susceptible to infection:

• among children aged 1 to 3 years, the herpetic form is most common;
• people with very low immunity;
• those with diabetes;
• patients who have undergone long-term drug therapy.

The onset of an inflammatory process in the mouth resembles the symptoms of a sore throat (fever, pain), so people often confuse the diseases and start drinking hot teas, which is absolutely inappropriate. Such drinks irritate the mucous membranes even more, causing the spread of ulcers. For viral stomatitis, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system and be treated with antiviral drugs.

Bacterial form of stomatitis

The causative agents of the disease are streptococci and staphylococci. When affected by agents, the oral cavity swells, the palate hardens, an unpleasant odor appears, and general health worsens.

Healthy people can become infected with stomatitis:

• aerosol method (by air);
• through saliva;
• in close contact;
• at home.

First of all, young children are at risk due to weak local immunity of the oral mucosa. It is common for babies to taste various items, and then share them with peers, who will also definitely try the toy provided - this is how stomatitis in children spreads .

Bacterial stomatitis in adults is transmitted by sharing common utensils with the patient, especially if the parent is weakened the immune system and there are microtraumas on the mucous membrane. Antibacterial drugs are prescribed for treatment.

Spread of fungal stomatitis

Fungal infections of the oral mucosa are caused by Candida fungi. Every person is its carrier, but activation of the fungus occurs when a favorable environment is created. Candidal stomatitis is manifested by characteristic painful ulcers, which are covered with a cheesy white coating. This species is not spread by airborne droplets and looks like this:

Palatal variant Candidiasis

Appears for the following reasons:

• for diabetes mellitus;
• after antibacterial treatment;
• against the background of hormonal fluctuations;
• weak immune defense.

Methods of infection:

• infants under 6 months become infected at home, through saliva when kissed by a carrier;
• through breast milk during feeding;
• newborns may be born with oral candidiasis if the mother has vaginal thrush;
• among adults, transmission of the fungus is possible through sexual intercourse;
• people at risk can catch the disease if they use the patient’s personal belongings (towel, cup) or eat from the same plate.

A healthy person is least susceptible to infection, but it is better to avoid close contact and sharing personal belongings of the patient. The fungal form of stomatitis is most common among infants and the elderly. This trend is explained by the same weakened functioning of the immune system. Candida lesions are treated with disinfectants and healing agents.

Aphthous and traumatic

If the cause of aphthous stomatitis does not lie in viruses, bacteria, or fungi, then the disease is not transmitted to others. It mainly manifests itself against the background of existing pathologies. This form affects the oral mucosa with painful aphthae, which are covered with white, yellow, and gray color. Often, aphthous stomatitis is a consequence of stress, infectious diseases (measles, diphtheria), vitamin deficiency, dental diseases and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It looks like this:

To summarize, we can conclude that there are significantly more infectious forms of stomatitis than those that do not pose a danger to healthy people. At the first signs of the disease, you should seek medical help, because the main thing is to determine the exact root cause and begin treatment.

It is worth emphasizing the need to take measures aimed at increasing the body's defenses, since it is often due to weak immunity that a person becomes vulnerable not only to infection with stomatitis, but also to the development of other pathological processes.

If there is a child or adult in the house with damage to the oral cavity of a viral, bacterial, fungal etiology, in order not to become infected, it is better to protect yourself until he recovers: do not kiss, exclude close contacts, sharing dishes and personal belongings, any other factors that imply close communication and contact with infectious foci.

Stomatitis is such inflammatory disease, in which small ulcers appear on the oral mucosa. They are quite painful, and their appearance can be due to various reasons. Stomatitis, the symptoms of which are mainly caused by a fungal, bacterial or viral infection, in treatment requires the elimination of the factor that turns out to be traumatic.

general description

Stomatitis is diagnosed quite often, and in patients of different age groups. If the disease manifests itself in a child under 1 year of age, then it can be suspected if he is generally restless during feeding, as well as if he refuses to feed as such.

The mechanism of development of this disease has not been fully established, but the most likely version seems to be a special reaction on the part of the immune system to the influencing irritants. In particular, it is believed that stomatitis develops when the immune system, in a unique way, for, again, still unclear reasons, begins to react to emerging molecules that it is not able to recognize. Due to the appearance of such molecules, an attack by lymphocytes occurs, similar to the situation that develops during organ transplantation. An attack against such molecules leads to the appearance of ulcerative lesions on the surface of the mucosa, and it is such ulcerative lesions that are referred to as “stomatitis”.

This disease has some features. First of all, it is worth noting the duration of the disease, which in most cases ranges from 4 days to 2 weeks. Ulcerative formations heal calmly, leaving no traces at their former location. Also, this disease can manifest itself again and again. In other words, if you had to suffer from it once, then the possibility of having stomatitis again becomes quite probable, despite the fact that there is sufficient variability in terms of the frequency of its repeated occurrence. When stomatitis recurs within several times a year, the picture of the disease can be designated as typical. Some patients experience this disease in an almost chronic form, that is, the ulcers, it would seem, have just healed when new ones are already forming.

Mostly, patients experience this disease for the first time at the age of 10-20 years, then, as they grow older, it recurs less frequently and less painfully. There are also certain statistical data on the quantitative part of the population that suffers from stomatitis - about 20% suffer from it. As for contagiousness, there is no evidence confirming the possibility of infection from person to person.

Causes of stomatitis

Stomatitis can develop under the influence of the most various reasons, more precisely - influencing factors. Considering that they play the main role in the development of this disease, below we will consider the main types of such factors.

• Mechanical impact. In particular, we are talking about injury to oral tissues. For example, often patients, trying to remember why they experienced discomfort associated with stomatitis, point specifically to the previous damage. This may include normal tissue bites, trauma due to constant exposure to uneven edges of a prosthesis or crown, or eating hard foods (crackers, chips, seeds, etc.). Mostly, such injuries go away in 1-2 days completely without a trace, although if a complication of such an injury becomes relevant, this will become a cause for long-term concern.
• Exposure to oral cleaners and toothpaste. In particular, this point is relevant if such products contain sodium lauryl sulfate (abbr. SLS). Thus, based on research data, it is known that this substance, being a common component of foam-forming cleaners, including toothpastes, is quite aggressive, and it is because of it that outbreaks of the disease we are considering in patients are becoming more frequent. It is quite possible that this is due to the dehydrating effect inherent in SLS. With such exposure, the mucous membrane becomes even more vulnerable, and therefore contact with certain irritants, for example, food acids, becomes fraught with complications for it. In other studies, in which attempts were made to find out how strong the effect of pastes with SLS and without this component was, it was found that in the latter case, subjects were much less likely to encounter problems such as stomatitis. Also, when using pastes without SLS, subjects noted that even if they had this disease, the ulcers formed with it were not as painful as when using pastes with SLS.
• Unbalanced diet. Researchers found that in some patients with stomatitis, the diet could not be called sufficiently balanced. In particular, it was highlighted that this disease develops due to a lack of B vitamins (B1 and B2, B6 and B12), as well as due to a lack of another type of substance, namely folic acid, selenium, zinc, and iron.
• Stress. This reason, as is known, is a predisposing factor to the development of many diseases, and, as it turns out, stomatitis is also no exception. Thus, with stomatitis, a connection is often found between the appearance of ulcers in patients and (mental or emotional).
• Allergy. Allergies to certain foods can trigger the development of stomatitis. food products, as well as other types of substances. In particular, an outbreak of this disease may be caused by contact with relevant hypersensitivity/allergic substances. If an allergy is suspected, an option may be offered, such as keeping a diary with notes about food intake - this will allow you to understand which specific substances most likely cause stomatitis. Ideally, of course, it is better to undergo an appropriate medical examination, which will allow you to find out exactly what you are allergic to. If the examination is excluded for one reason or another, then we can offer for consideration the most common allergens that you should pay attention to in your diet. In particular, these are: grain crops (rye, wheat, buckwheat, oatmeal, barley, etc.); dairy products (cheese, milk); vegetables, fruits (figs, citrus fruits, strawberries, tomatoes); other (chocolate, mustard, seafood, vinegar, nuts, soy). Also, in addition to products, these can be certain substances, such as mint (incl. toothpaste), dental materials, medicines, metal, chewing gum.
• Bacteria. Due to the fact that stomatitis ulcers contain certain microorganisms of a bacterial nature, it is assumed that they are also directly related to the appearance of ulcers. Often, bacteria, if they do not act as the cause of the development of the disease in question, play an important role in the development of complications.
• Hormonal imbalances. It is assumed that in women there is a certain connection between the occurrence of a disease such as stomatitis and between specific phases of the cycle. Separately, emphasis is placed on the fact that exacerbation of stomatitis often occurs in pregnant women.
• Hereditary predisposition. Based on the available data from the results of relevant studies, it has been revealed that there is also such a factor in the development of the disease in question as hereditary (genetic) predisposition. Accordingly, those parents who often developed stomatitis, their children will also encounter this problem.
• Diseases. The development of stomatitis, as well as certain types of aphthous ulcers, can be caused by certain diseases. Considering this, if stomatitis occurs frequently, it is advisable to undergo comprehensive examination, the results of which will most likely determine the presence of one or another systemic disease(in particular, we can talk about the presence of a malignant tumor in the pharynx, nose or neck).
• General dehydration of the body due to low water consumption, vomiting, diarrhea, prolonged fever, significant blood loss, and increased urine output.
• Drinking alcohol, smoking.
• Impact of chemotherapy.
• Poor oral hygiene.
• Poor-quality materials of dentures, their incorrect installation.

Main symptoms

Ulcers in this disease form on the inside of the cheeks and lips, under the tongue, in the area of ​​the floor of the mouth, in the area of ​​the tonsils and soft palate. On early stage stomatitis, slight redness appears on the mucous membrane; in some cases, the area of ​​redness swells slightly, which may be accompanied by a slight burning sensation.

Next, an ulcer in its “classic” version begins to form in the same area. This ulcer has an oval or round shape, it is single and shallow. In the center of this ulcer there is a grayish or white film, it is thin and loosely attached to it. Also, such an ulcer has smooth edges, they are surrounded by a reddish border (halo). The tissue surrounding the ulcer is externally healthy and has a normal appearance. Ulcers with stomatitis are characterized by pain, they often become a serious obstacle to eating, and there may also be difficulties in trying to move the lips and tongue.

Stomatitis can also be accompanied by the appearance of ulcers in multiple forms; in this case, not one ulcer appears, but in the amount of about 6 pieces. Such ulcers are located at a certain distance from each other, that is, they do not merge, but, on the contrary, are in a dispersed form, affecting the oral cavity in different areas. If two ulcers appear located in close proximity to each other, they often merge into one large ulcerative formation with an irregular shape.

The disease, as already noted, can appear again, that is, it is prone to relapse. In each case, they manifest themselves differently; most patients, however, experience it about several times a year, although a chronic form of stomatitis cannot be ruled out.

The ulcers that appear with stomatitis are shallow and small in size. However, there is another form of this disease, we are talking about aphthous ulcer. In this case, the ulcerative lesions are large in size, the depth of the lesion is quite large, in contrast to the classic version of ulcers with stomatitis. Such ulcers are difficult to treat; after healing, traces remain in the affected area.

Additional manifestations of symptoms of stomatitis include: bad breath, increased salivation, increased sensitivity language.

Accompanied by general anxiety, tearfulness, breast refusal and loss of appetite. Here, ulcers also appear on the oral mucosa and in the corners of the mouth, the mucous membrane also turns red, the tongue is coated ( this symptom indicates candidal stomatitis in children).

If the signs of stomatitis are supplemented by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes and genitals, there is reason to suspect a disease such as. This is a fairly serious disease in which autoimmune damage to small and medium-sized arteries occurs, causing inflammation and ulcers on the mucous membranes.

If before the appearance of ulcers there were symptoms of a digestive system disorder, and this is abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stool, then the cause of stomatitis can be considered, and this is nothing more than chronic illness accompanied by intestinal inflammation.

If there was an increase in temperature before the development of stomatitis, severe weakness, blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, joint pain, then there is reason to suspect a disease such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. We are talking about a severe form allergic reaction caused by taking certain medications or having certain infectious diseases.

Depending on the nature of the process, the stages of stomatitis can be identified:

• initial stage - the mucous membrane of the gums and tongue becomes redder and drier, while it is shiny;
• stage of the appearance of plaque (this is its conventional designation), it appears 1-2 days after the previous stage, gradually covering the palate, tongue, cheeks and lips (in some cases the picture is complemented by the appearance of a “jam”), the plaque looks like cottage cheese/milk, its easy to fix;
• the appearance of wounds and ulcers in areas of previous plaque.

Stomatitis: types

Manifestation of aphthous stomatitis

• Catarrhal stomatitis. In this case we are talking about the mild form manifestations of allergies. Here, in particular, there are complaints of burning and itching in the oral cavity, pain that occurs while eating, dry mouth, as well as impaired perception of taste. A third of patients are faced with an isolated form of the lesion, although in most cases the altered oral mucosa is complemented by the lesion internal organs. Examination of the oral cavity reveals redness of the mucous membrane, its swelling (which is determined by the presence of tooth marks on the inner lateral surfaces of the cheeks and tongue). With redness of the mucous membrane, pinpoint hemorrhages can also be detected; with mechanical irritation of the mucous membrane, mild bleeding occurs. In general, the patient's condition is not impaired.
• Erosive-ulcerative stomatitis. In this form, the disease is accompanied by pain in the oral cavity, and the pain intensifies during conversation and eating. There is redness and swelling of the mucous membrane; blisters containing clear liquid form in the area of ​​the tongue, lips, gums and palate. The opening of these blisters is accompanied by the appearance of erosive formations; there is a fibrinous coating on their surface. When single erosions appear, the possibility of their merging is allowed, which leads to the appearance of volumetric erosive surfaces. There is redness of the gingival papillae, their swelling, and a predisposition to bleeding at the slightest impact. Symptoms include decreased salivation, sore throat, discomfort in him. General state may worsen, which is usually accompanied by poor appetite, weakness and temperature (within 38 degrees). When palpating the lymph nodes located under the lower jaw, they are generally painful and enlarged. The overall severity of stomatitis in this form is determined by the prevalence of topical pathological changes to the oral mucosa, as well as the presence/absence of foci chronic forms infections.
• Traumatic (or bacterial) stomatitis. In this form, stomatitis develops as a result of infection on the mucous membrane that has been injured.
• . In this form, stomatitis, as the name suggests, develops as a result of exposure. It can be infected by airborne droplets, from an already sick person or from contaminated objects (contact transmission, that is, through dishes, toys, etc.). The onset of the disease is characterized by its own severity: severe weakness, pallor, irritability appear, the temperature rises, the lymph nodes located under the lower jaw enlarge, and appetite disappears. Swelling of the oral mucosa and its redness are especially intensified at the peak of the temperature increase. Also, bubbles form on the mucous membrane, they open quite quickly, after which erosive formations of the surface type remain at the site of their appearance. The lips become cracked and dry, causing crusts to form on them, and salivation increases.
• Allergic stomatitis. In this form, stomatitis is not a separate disease; it is only part of the allergic reaction itself to a particular type of allergen. Accordingly, treatment measures in this case should be directed to the underlying disease. The main manifestations of allergic stomatitis: redness of the mucous membrane, the appearance of white spots and blisters on it (or pinpoint hemorrhages).
• Fungal stomatitis. The disease in this form can also be referred to as, the reason for this is the factor that provokes it - mainly Candida fungi. For the same reason, fungal stomatitis can also be referred to as. Children are mainly susceptible to the disease - their saliva does not yet contain acidic substances in the required quantity, due to which they could resist the effects of bacteria.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis of stomatitis is based on studying medical card the patient for previous diseases, as well as a visual examination of the oral cavity. There are currently no medical tests that could be used to determine stomatitis. The main symptom of the disease is the presence of ulcers, their features appearance and location, as well as frequency of repetition. The tissue surrounding the ulcers is healthy, there are no pronounced systemic symptoms - all this is the basis for making a diagnosis.

Treatment of stomatitis can be based on the implementation of several methods, in particular this local treatment(rinsing using certain solutions), as well as general treatment (it is determined based on the specific form of the disease and its characteristics, may include hormonal drugs, antibiotics, etc.).

Stomatitis, as a rule, is not an indicator of any serious illnesses, but it can be extremely painful and uncomfortable. Canker sores are small, shallow sores in the mouth that most often appear on the inner lip or around the gums. They are painful and make eating and communication difficult.

There are two types of stomatitis. The first type is simple stomatitis, it is very common among people 10-20 years old and can appear 3-4 times a year. The second type is complex stomatitis, it is less common and is associated with diseases or deficiencies nutrients.

Both types of canker sores usually take 1-3 weeks to heal, but there are ways to speed up the healing process. There are many ways to help manage and cure these painful ulcers with remedies that everyone has at home.

How to recognize stomatitis

An ulcer with stomatitis has a round shape with a white, yellow or gray coating. You will feel it immediately because painful sensations and sensitivity to acidic foods.

Causes of stomatitis

Before you begin treatment, you should be aware of the possible causes of stomatitis. The exact cause of each case is, of course, difficult to determine, but there are a number of factors that can trigger this disease. Too often consuming acidic foods such as tomatoes, pineapples, and citrus fruits can cause stomatitis and slow down the healing process. Another one possible reason- spicy food.

Stress

As with other diseases, stress is considered one of the main causes of stomatitis. If you get ulcers during stressful situations, try to react calmly next time.

Braces or dentures

Anything that has a sharp edge and scratches the lips, gums or tongue can cause canker sores. Braces, dentures and chipped teeth – common culprits the occurrence of ulcers.

Lip biting

There's nothing worse than eating something and accidentally biting your lip. This can also cause stomatitis.

What causes complex stomatitis?

This type of stomatitis can be caused by various nutritional deficiencies. A lack of vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and folic acid can cause complex stomatitis. Diseases gastrointestinal tract diseases such as Celiac disease or Crohn's disease can also cause ulcers. If you regularly develop ulcers, then you should definitely see a doctor to get tested for these ailments. Now that we have an idea of ​​what can cause ulcers, it's time to discuss some home treatments that will help the wound heal.

Remedy 1: Tea bags

Black tea contains astringent tannins that have a soothing effect on wounds. Chamomile tea will also help relieve pain in the affected area. Simply wet a tea bag and apply it to the ulcer for 10 minutes. The tea will definitely speed up the healing process.

Remedy 2: Honey

Honey has long been famous for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. There's so much in honey healing properties that certain types of this delicacy are used to treat ulcers and wounds. This is most commonly Manuka honey from New Zealand, made from nectar from the flowers of the Manuka bush, but any other raw honey will do.

Remedy 3: Aloe Vera

If you have aloe vera growing at home, you can cut one leaf, add its juice to water and rinse your mouth with this solution. This plant is a natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, so this rinse will clear the ulcer and relieve pain. In addition, aloe is full of vitamins B, C and amino acids.

Remedy 4: Try a different toothpaste

Saline solution

Mouth rinse saline solution will help speed up the healing process of ulcers. Salt – soft antiseptic. Of course, it will be slightly painful, but the healing effect is worth it.

Hydrogen peroxide

Mix 1 part hydrogen peroxide with 1 part water and apply this solution directly to the ulcer. After this, smear the wound with Milk of Magnesia. The procedure can be repeated 3-4 times a day.

Liquorice root

Licorice root speeds up the healing process and relieves pain from stomatitis.

Yogurt

Don't let stomatitis ruin your mood

Canker sores can be really painful, but don't let them ruin your week. By giving up certain medications and products, you can reduce the duration of the disease and the frequency of its occurrence.

If stomatitis occurs frequently and the illness lasts more than 3 weeks, you should consult a doctor.

If you have your own proven remedy for treating stomatitis, then share your secret knowledge with us.