How to recognize oncology. What tests are given "for cancer": laboratory diagnosis of oncological diseases. What examination to take

Cancer is malignant neoplasm that can develop in any organ or tissue. In the early stages of development, the disease masquerades as another disease. Symptoms begin to appear at stages 3 or 4, when treatment is required for a long time. The chance of recovery at this stage is low - malignant metastases spread to nearby organs. The disease in the early stages can be successfully treated. Therefore, doctors around the world are interested in diagnosing cancer at an early stage. Saving early diagnosis helps prevent serious complications and speeds up the recovery process.

Early diagnosis can save the patient's life - in the early stages, the disease can be treated. In order to diagnose cancer in the early stages, you need to carefully listen to your body, to be examined annually in the clinic.

• People who abuse nicotine, alcohol or drugs.
• If there were cases of cancer in the family, there is a genetic predisposition.
• Being in a zone contaminated with radiation or being exposed to high concentrations.
• Professional activity is associated with toxic substances.

Diagnosis of cancer at stage 1 or 2 in such individuals helps to prevent complications and negative consequences. After the age of 45, doctors advise everyone to undergo an examination for oncology every year. The body begins to age, cell division occurs with disturbances. The situation is exacerbated by prolonged stress, fast food and other junk food.

In children, the process of developing cancer cells is faster, so early detection can be life-saving. The danger lies in the course of the disease without visible symptoms. For the first time, signs of the disease are usually noticed at a later date. Therefore, doctors make every effort to diagnose the disease early.

Symptoms of oncological pathology

An oncological diagnosis is usually made already at stage 3 or 4, when metastases grow into nearby organs and tissues. In the early stages, cancer is asymptomatic. Doctors highlight the symptoms that you need to pay attention to:

• open wounds long time do not heal;
• There is discharge or bleeding for no apparent reason;
• Moles, birthmarks, and warts have changed color, shape, or size;
• Chest cough and pain in the sternum, not passing for a long time, against the background of healthy respiratory organs;
• A sharp decrease in appetite and weight;
• Pain in different parts of the body against the background of the absence of diseases;
• A person gets tired quickly without the presence of physical exertion;
• The constant presence of dizziness against the background of pain in the head and increased sweating;
• Increased body temperature, especially in the evening;
• Discomfort in the throat and digestive organs;
• Markedly enlarged lymph nodes;
• Frequent infectious and viral diseases;
• Violations in vision, hearing and speech.

It is impossible to draw conclusions on the basis of these signs alone. The presence of several symptoms should alert the victim. You need to see a doctor and undergo a detailed examination.

Laboratory examination

First, the doctor collects an anamnesis from the patient's words. The family is being examined for the presence of oncology in relatives. The skin, mucous membranes, benign nevi and tongue are examined for external changes. The change in body temperature is analyzed. The work of the respiratory organs and of cardio-vascular system for signs of violations. Physical examination methods help to detect noticeable external changes in the body. Palpation allows you to explore the nature of the seals, the presence of pain, if possible, to determine the boundaries of the neoplasm.

Biological material is taken from a foreign formation, warts and nevi, which is sent to the laboratory. Biopsy and histology tests will determine whether the type of tumor is malignant or benign.

The laboratory will take blood, urine, feces and cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose the general condition of the patient. Enhanced Level leukocytes, low hemoglobin, the presence of myelocytes with blast cells are considered dangerous signs requiring detailed study. An elevated ESR parameter indicates the presence of internal inflammation. Big Picture develops after receiving the parameters of bilirubin, creatinine, fibrinogen, protein and alkaline phosphatase with transaminases. The detection of significant deviations indicates that the disease is present in the body.

Blood test for tumor markers

The modern method of blood testing for special oncomarkers is gaining more and more popularity. It is based on the study of a certain protein that is released into the blood by diseased cells. The oncological type of each tumor has its own special protein. Blood for tumor markers in the clinic can be taken at preventive measures. In men, they usually study the level of PSA in the blood, in women - the functioning of the mammary glands with the ovaries.

Blood is taken from a vein. The analysis is carried out using special reagents. Suspicions of oncology in the pancreas, lung, intestines, stomach, head and spinal cord, adrenal glands, bladder or liver require a separate study for tumor markers. Such an analysis is not prescribed for everyone in a row because of the high price. A specific person who has the appropriate suspicion of cancer is asked to pass. Even if the result shows oncology, the doctor will send for further research for a more precise examination, because. tumor markers do not give 100% certainty in the presence of the disease.

Instrumental examination of the patient

The study of a newly formed focus requires the use of high-tech equipment:

• Scanning the tumor with ultrasound helps to see the shape, location of localizations and the presence of metastatic germs.
• An x-ray can be used to identify a malignant formation in the joints and on the spine - you can see the focus of inflammation and a specific darkening in the structure.
• Radioisotope diagnostics can study the molecular tumor.
• State internal organs digestion is recognized with the help of gastroscopy, irrigoscopy and colonoscopy.
• Various algorithms are being developed to study the response of immune cells to types of cancer.
• Cytological examination of the biostructure of the neoplasm provides information about cellular composition pathology.
• Computed tomography (CT) with contrast examines each layer of the diseased area.
• MRI is considered the best method - the tumor is fully studied for the structural structure in soft tissues and lymph nodes.
• Positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) refers to nuclear medicine, where the examination of a cancerous tumor takes place under a microscopic examination.

Using these techniques, you can accurately determine the stage of the disease and the state of the neoplasm. Designed newest drug- a tester that allows you to conduct a rapid test for the presence of cancer cells.

Studying the specific localization of cancer

In order to avoid errors, a detailed examination of the patient is required to identify a dangerous disease. When diagnosing cancer, it is not necessary to go from office to office. Each neoplasm has its own medical indications for analysis. The search for a specific pathology uses a separate test and research method.

Lungs' cancer

Lung cancer is a rapidly developing malignant tumor, which is quite difficult to diagnose in the early stages. The passage of fluorography every year does not give a 100% guarantee that the disease will be detected. This rarely happens, usually the diagnosis is made at late inoperable stages. Scientists are looking for options for early detection of pathology, which will significantly reduce the mortality rate.

The patient undergoes the following procedures:

• Blood is given for a general analysis, special attention is paid to ESR and leukocytes.
• Fluorography and X-ray - screening and review of organs is done.
• Endoscopic study of the structure of the neoplasm, localization and rate of development, the condition of the trachea and bronchi is being studied.
• A thoracentesis procedure is used - a cytological analysis of the effusion.
• A biopsy is performed in conjunction with a thoracoscopy.
• Thoracotomy with biopsy analysis is used when there is not enough data for an accurate diagnosis.

Malignant neoplasm in the breast

Breast cancer usually occurs after the age of 40. Therefore, it is recommended that women at this age undergo a mammogram every year. The patient undergoes the following examination:

• The blood is studied for the oncomarker CA-15-3 and the estrogen index.
• Ultrasound of the chest and mammary gland will annually show the presence of structural changes in stages 1 or 2.
• Cytological puncture, carried out in a timely manner, often helps to save the breast from removal.
• Conducted ductography with contrast.
• The biological material of the affected area is sent for histology.
• CT and MRI are mandatory, providing full information on the state of formation and presence of metastases.
• Modern medical centers began to do molecular genetics methods (especially one clinic in Israel practices this) - genes that have undergone mutation are determined.

Timely admission to the hospital can save lives and avoid serious consequences from cancer.

Pathology of the stomach

Ultrasound often helps to identify the disease abdominal cavity, which defines a foreign inclusion with the presence of fluid in the peritoneal region.

After detecting such signs of a person, according to early diagnosis, they send:

• To the laboratory for donating blood for tumor markers - CA-19-9, CA-242 and AFP;
• X-ray of the stomach with the intestines is carried out using a contrast - barium;
• FGDS with a specific biopsy determines the size, shape, localization and structural composition of the pathology;
• Large neoplasms are studied using laparoscopy.

FGDS helps to identify abnormalities in the structure of not only the stomach, but also the duodenum 12. The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection indicates the presence of certain abnormalities that require further close attention and observation.

Intestinal tumor

To detect malignant bowel disease, the patient undergoes research:

• Feces are given for general analysis and occult blood;
• Study of blood for oncomarker - SA-19-9;
• X-ray of the organ with contrast - barium;
• The structure of the rectum will be determined by sigmoidoscopy;
• The large intestine is examined with the help of irrigoscopy;
• An unpleasant process for patients - fibrocolonoscopy - gives a complete analysis of the tumor;
• CT and MRI will eliminate the doubts that have arisen in previous studies.

Disease in the pancreas

It is difficult to diagnose the disease in the early stages. This happens already with a large tumor with the presence of malignant metastases.

A person goes through the following procedures:

• Ultrasound, CT and PET-CT, as well as MRI of the organ;
• Aspiration biopsy using ultrasound;
• ERCP - the use of an optical tube inserted into the lumen of the duodenum 12 to collect material for research;
• Endoscopic ultrasound;
• Laparoscopic method for the selection of diseased tissue.

Cancer in the liver

This pathology is quite common. People who abuse alcohol are advised to independently undergo research annually:

• Blood is taken for a biochemical study - ALT, AST, as well as a tumor marker - AFP;
• Organ ultrasound.

Percutaneous biopsy is prescribed in exceptional cases, because. the procedure is dangerous to carry out. Damage blood vessel liver threatens with profuse internal bleeding.

Neoplasm in the uterus and ovaries

Disease of the uterus is detected by the methods:

• Annual examination by a gynecologist;
• Cytology material;
• Ultrasound of the organ;
• aspiration biopsy;
• A colposcopy is performed to analyze the walls of the cervix;
• Hysteroscopy is done only with a tumor in the uterine cavity, in other cases it is impossible.

The process of searching for pathology in the ovaries is as follows:

• Research rectovaginal with vaginal;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• Blood is studied for tumor markers CA-125, CEA and others, as well as for hormones;
• Biopsy is performed with laparoscopy;
• Assign a computer with MRI;
• Mammography and breast ultrasound, thyroid gland with the abdominal cavity;
• Gastroscopy procedure with irrigoscopy;
• Do chromocystoscopy with R-scopy of the breast.

Prostate

Prostate cancer in the first two stages is asymptomatic. Early diagnosis includes:

• Oncomarker study - PSA;
• Rectal examination of the organ;
• TRUS using color Doppler mapping;
• The best tool is multifocal needle biopsy.

kidneys

Standard blood tests with urine are being carried out, which already show the presence of serious abnormalities in the body. Additionally, you will need to pass:

• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• The organ is examined by R-graphy using contrast;
• Computed tomography of the tumor structure;
• A targeted biopsy and retrograde pyelography are prescribed;
• Cancer of kidney cells helps to detect selective angiography.

Cancer of the throat and larynx

Neoplasm in the larynx is common in men, women get sick less often. The defeat of the laryngopharynx is difficult to diagnose. To identify malignant sarcomas of the palate and throat, research procedures will be required:

• With the help of laryngoscopy, the diseased area is studied and material is taken;
• A biopsy will determine the type of disease;
• Standard ultrasound, CT and PET-CT, MRI procedures are carried out;
• Additionally, stroboscopy may be prescribed;
• X-ray of the neck helps to identify violations in the structure of tissues;
• Blood from a finger and from a vein is taken for general analysis and tumor markers.

The occurrence of a tumor can be suspected if the following symptoms are present:

• Oncological processes of the brain - headache attacks, unexplained drowsiness.
• Gynecological organs - abundant mucous discharge with blood inclusions;
• How to detect bowel cancer? Its main features are discomfort in the anus, the occurrence of colic, frequent urge to urinate, in women, bloody discharge from the rectum may coincide with menstruation.
• Skin - moles increase, their edges become asymmetrical, iridescent color, on the body
  pigmentation appears.
• How to detect lung cancer during its development? Attention should be paid to dry cough outside of colds, sputum with blood.
• Stomach - weight loss, heartburn, feeling full.
• Chest - discharge from the nipples, the presence of seals.

These symptoms cannot be called signs of cancer, they may indicate the appearance of other diseases. However, one cannot think that it is possible to detect cancer in the early stages on the basis of the above signs. Until the patient passes the tests and the results of the examinations are not received, it is impossible to diagnose a malignant process.

Diagnostics of oncological diseases

What tests should be done to get an accurate analysis? The examination begins with general tests - blood and urine.

Is it possible to detect cancer by a blood test - the answer to this question is an unequivocal "NO"! In a blood test, you can see the changes that occur in the body. The amount of hemoglobin decreases, the number of leukocytes increases, the ESR increases - the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. These indicators change almost always - with infectious diseases and exacerbations of chronic processes, but they indicate that not everything is safe in the body.

Similarly, urine tests change.

Currently, to substantiate the diagnosis, a biopsy is performed and, further, histological examination. Biopsy is the name of the analysis during which material is taken.

For example, to detect stomach cancer, a piece of mucous is taken out during FGS or probing; bowel - when examining the rectum or during a colonoscopy.

Then the structural changes in the biomaterial are assessed by microscopic examination, having previously been specially processed. This laboratory process is called histology.

X-rays are taken to detect lung cancer. This type of cancer is considered the most dangerous and gives the highest mortality because characteristic symptoms- cough with blood and chest pain - appear already at stage III, when metastasis begins. Therefore, do not neglect the annual fluorography - blackouts in the picture may suggest that health is not all right, and the oncological process can be "caught" at an early stage.

How to detect brain cancer? After a general examination and obtaining the results of the tests, the patient is sent to an ophthalmologist to examine the fundus of the eye - if the clinic shows changes, magnetic resonance or computed tomography is prescribed. In some cases, a contrast agent is injected into the bloodstream.

CT and MRI show the presence or absence of a tumor as accurately as possible, but this procedure
economically costly and its payment is not included in social insurance Therefore, patients turn to her last. If you suspect terrible diagnosis cancer is confirmed only in 40% of cases, but those health problems are identified, the solution of which cannot be postponed “for later”.

Many patients, having received confirmation that the process is malignant, panic and subsequently give up.

Constant stress and expectation of death is a direct path to death.

Detection of the disease at an early stage with a high level of development modern medicine and treatment makes the disease recede if the patient does not fold his hands.

In this article, we will look at the common symptoms and signs of a disease such as oncology. Let's take a closer look at the signs of oncological diseases of different systems of the human body: stomach, intestines, lungs, prostate, as well as signs of cancer in women and men.

Oncology diagnosis in modern world more and more people are getting it every day. This is due to the improvement of diagnostics in medicine, and with an increase in life expectancy. The risk of getting cancer increases proportionally with a person's age. However, there are tumors that only affect children and young adults. In general, tumors in young people are very insidious and dangerous, they develop rapidly and often quickly take away from life.

In this article, I will tell you about the most common tumors among the adult population, about the first signs of oncology, about measures to prevent cancer of various localizations.

1. General symptoms of cancer of any localization
2. The first signs of stomach cancer
3. The first signs of bowel cancer
4. The first signs of cancer in women
5. The first signs of oncology in men
6. The first signs of lung cancer
7. The first signs of prostate cancer

General symptoms of cancer of any localization

Often, when cancer begins to manifest itself in some way, and the first symptoms appear on the part of specific organs, then this is not the first stage of the disease. Learning to diagnose cancer at the first stage is the main task, first of all, of primary care physicians and oncologists. Every person must be oncologist. This does not mean that you need to be afraid and wait for cancer. You just need to listen and observe your body so as not to miss the first bells. It is also necessary to understand that all of the following symptoms do not necessarily indicate that you have cancer. You just need to observe yourself and consult a doctor with your complaints. And only when comprehensive examination, after performing examinations, a diagnosis can be made. So, the most common common symptoms of cancer:

General weakness

General weakness accompanies almost all human diseases, therefore it is the most non-specific symptom. Often, general weakness in oncological diseases occurs due to chronic blood loss. Most often it occurs in tumors of the stomach, intestines. When bleeding, a person loses hemoglobin - a protein that carries oxygen to organs and tissues. When the organs, and primarily the brain, receive less oxygen, there is a general weakness.

Unexplained weight loss

If you suddenly began to lose weight rapidly, for example, 4-5 kg ​​per month, and after three months it is already minus 15 kg on the scales, you should immediately consult a doctor. Such a sharp weight loss can cause tumors of the pancreas, stomach, lung. Also, such a rapid weight loss can be the first symptom of tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis and other serious diseases.

Increase in body temperature

Often, an increase in temperature occurs as a protective reaction of the body, as an activation of immunity, and can be observed as a response to therapy or with the progression of the process. But as the first symptom of a tumor, it does not occur so often, for example, with lymphogranulomatosis.

Pain as the first sign of cancer is observed in testicular cancer and bone tumors. Most often, pain is already a symptom of the spread of the oncological process. Therefore, in the last stages of cancer, it is pain relief, often with narcotic analgesics, that is the only help for the patient.

You may have noticed that the first symptoms of cancer are very vague and completely non-specific. Unfortunately, most tumors do not manifest themselves at all at the first stage, when the treatment is most effective, and declare themselves only at a later stage. late stages when it is extremely difficult to cope with the disease. That is why it is important to understand that it is necessary to visit the clinic every year to undergo “routine”, but very important screening examinations.

Cancer screening

Screening is an examination to detect a particular malignant neoplasm in a patient when he does not complain about anything. In contrast to screening, the so-called “early diagnosis” consists in detecting cancer in patients who have come to the doctor with any complaints. The difference between these two approaches is that during screening, patients are examined on the initiative medical workers, and in case of early detection - on their own initiative.

Therefore, when a nurse drops a note in your mailbox saying that they want to see you at an appointment, or a local therapist scolds you for not having a fluorography or not going through an examination room, then you should only thank them for what they are more interested in your health than you are.

• Radiography or fluorography of the lungs. This is a mandatory screening method for all segments of the population over 18 years of age to exclude tuberculosis and lung cancer.
• Screening for cervical cancer consists in regular examination of cytological smears from the cervix. Allows you to identify pathology with minimal cellular changes in the epithelium. Cytology analysis is taken in the examination room. But the doctor performs the colposcopy procedure. During a colposcopy, the doctor examines the cervix with a magnifying glass and, if necessary, takes a biopsy. Conducting a full screening of cervical cancer can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by 80% and mortality from this disease by 72%. Also, with the availability of ultrasound in our time, I would recommend that every woman perform an ultrasound of the pelvic organs once a year to exclude pathology from the ovaries.
• Breast cancer screening involves performing mammograms for women aged 45-70 every 2 years. For women with a history of mastopathy or aggravated heredity (for example, breast cancer in the mother), it is recommended to perform a mammogram once a year. For younger women, it is better to do an ultrasound to exclude the pathology of the gland, since at the age of 45-50 years, the mammary glands are difficult to visualize with mammography, and the ultrasound method will be more informative.
• Screening for prostate cancer is the regular measurement of the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood of men aged 50 to 65-70 years. PSA is a tumor marker for prostate cancer. In prostate cancer, more PSA protein enters the bloodstream than in healthy person. Thus, the method of determining the concentration of PSA in the blood of a man can be suspected of cancer or benign tumor prostate - adenoma. With an increase in the PSA level approximately above 4 ng / ml, a consultation with a urologist and an ultrasound of the prostate are required. Men with a family history of prostate cancer can have their PSA checked starting at the age of 40.
• Colon cancer screening consists of taking a fecal occult blood test - a hemocult test. To avoid positive test, you need to give up meat, liver and all foods containing iron (spinach, apples, beans, etc.) for 3 days. If a fecal occult blood test is positive, then a colonoscopy is necessary. During colonoscopy, a probe with an optical device at the end inserted into the anus examines the large intestine. If the doctor stumbles upon a polyp, he will definitely remove it with a subsequent tissue biopsy. Hemoculttest is prescribed annually to all people over the age of 50 years.

And now let's talk about the first signs of oncology, the most common in our region.

The first signs of stomach cancer

Gastric cancer in the early stages, as a rule, does not have pronounced clinical signs, but some of them still attract attention.

❖ Persistent loss of appetite or its complete loss up to aversion to food without any objective reason.

❖ Unmotivated weakness and weight loss.

❖ Changes mental status(loss of joy in life, interest in the environment).

❖ The phenomenon of "gastric discomfort" - constant or food-related discomfort, a feeling of heaviness, fullness.

❖ Pain is the most common symptom. With advanced forms of stomach cancer pain become constant, dull, persistent, unrelated to eating, occurring for no apparent reason and aggravated after eating. Sometimes the pain is so severe that it is difficult to relieve medication.

Belching, heartburn, nausea are common in stomach cancer, but they do not have any characteristic features. The patient should be alerted by a feeling of fullness in the stomach and persistent belching, first with air, and later - rotten. Vomiting is observed with a significant narrowing of the lumen of the stomach by a tumor.

Your doctor should hear all these symptoms and send you for tests and studies in order to verify the diagnosis.

Prevention of stomach cancer

➢ The Cancer Prevention Diet is what is recommended for most people who want to be healthy. It is necessary to reduce, and it is better to completely abandon the use of smoked meats, marinades, preservatives, products fast food and, on the contrary, increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Excessively hot food and drinks should not be consumed - this is harmful to the pharynx, esophagus and stomach.

➢ Smoking cessation. For those who stop smoking, the risk of developing cancer decreases over time.

➢ Limiting the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

➢ Combat chronic infections in the stomach, primarily with a bacterium that can cause the development of gastritis and stomach ulcers - Helicobacter pylori.

➢ Timely treatment of precancerous diseases of the stomach - polyps.

Cancer alertness should be in every person. And it is important to understand that cancer in the first stages of almost any localization responds well to treatment.

I bring to your attention natural herbal preparations to combat stomach diseases: Stomak comfort - regulates the acidity of gastric juice, Liquid chlorophyll - promotes healing of ulcers of the mucous membranes, H.P. Fighter - fights Helicobacter pylori.

The first signs of bowel cancer

Like all tumors in the early stages, intestinal tumors practically do not manifest themselves in any way. With the development of the oncoprocess, there are signs that make a person see a doctor, in the last stages - severe intestinal disorders. The first signs of bowel cancer, which you should pay attention to:

❖Loss of appetite, nausea, general unexplained weakness.

❖ Significant weight loss, even with preserved appetite.

❖ Prolonged constipation followed by diarrhea. Feeling of empty bowels after defecation.

❖Presence of blood in the stool. It can be streaks of blood, scarlet blood or altered blood. The color of feces is an important diagnostic feature in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Read more in the article What should be a chair.

❖B feces mucus or pus appears, due to which the feces have an irritating fetid odor.

❖ Abdominal pain at the site of the tumor increases as the tumor grows.

❖Pain in the anus, aggravated by defecation. Frequent urge to bottom.

Bowel cancer prevention

➢The fight against chronic constipation is essential in the prevention of bowel cancer. It is necessary to adjust your lifestyle in such a way that the chair is DAILY.

When fecal masses are not removed from the intestine for a long time, the time of contact of the harmful substances contained in them with the intestinal mucosa increases, which leads to the development of chronic inflammation, and further significantly increases the risk of developing intestinal cancer. If you are struggling with constipation with enemas, then you should understand that this emergency measure. During enemas, only the lower intestine is cleansed, and harmful substances located at a more remote distance from the rectum are not washed out.

For information on what you need to do to have daily stools, read the article Constipation? No problem!

➢Changes in the diet of modern man over the past decades have led to an increase in the incidence of colon cancer. The fact that this is mainly due to a decrease in the diet of plant foods, an increase in the consumption of refined foods and animal fats (lamb, beef, pork) has been irrefutably proven by many studies. Therefore, limiting animal fats in the diet and enriching your diet with fiber is the basis of a healthy intestine.

➢It has also been proven that antioxidant vitamins C, E, A and B vitamins inhibit the formation of carcinogens in the body, which in turn contributes to the prevention of colon cancer.

➢ Avoiding alcohol, especially beer, reduces the risk of colon cancer. This is evidenced by a number of scientific works and statistics data.

I bring to your attention natural herbal preparations to eliminate problems with the intestines, as well as to prevent intestinal cancer: Loklo is a drug for daily use for those people who want to be healthy. Loklo is the key to the health of your intestines, full-fledged natural fiber from a variety of vegetables and fruits for effective bowel cleansing and stool normalization; Indole-3-carbinol - due to its composition reduces the risk of developing cancer of the small and large intestine, and also prevents breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. Cascara Sagrada is an effective natural laxative without addictive effect;

The first signs of cancer in women

In this section of the article, I will talk about the first symptoms of breast and uterine cancer.

The first signs of breast cancer

❖ Seal in the mammary gland. One of the earliest signs of breast cancer is a lump. According to statistics, 70-80% of all sick women were able to independently notice the first symptoms of breast cancer. Of course, most of the tumors found are benign. But the help of a specialist - an oncologist or a mammologist is extremely necessary as soon as possible.

❖ Discharge from the mammary glands. The color of the discharge can be any - transparent, bloody, yellow-green, with an admixture of pus. With any kind of discharge from the mammary gland, it is urgent to see a doctor. As the disease progresses, ulcers appear that affect not only the nipple, but also pass to the rest of the breast.

❖Change appearance mammary gland. As the disease develops, the color of the skin over the tumor changes, from pinkish to purplish, and the skin itself. Breast skin in breast cancer seems to sink, flattening or elongation of the mammary gland may appear. The right and left breasts may become different in size. Although usually in women one breast is larger than the other, but with the development of the disease, this asymmetry becomes more noticeable.

❖ Nipple retraction. Moreover, as the disease progresses, the nipple retracts more and more.

❖Zoom lymph nodes. An increase in axillary, paraclavicular lymph nodes and pain on the affected side is a reason for immediate medical attention.

Prevention of breast cancer

➢It is believed that the first birth before the age of 30, breast-feeding at least 6 months and no abortion reduces the risk of developing breast cancer.

➢Quitting alcohol and smoking, living in environmentally friendly conditions, minimizing stressful situations.

➢Monthly breast self-examination. Consistent palpation of the mammary gland is preferably carried out after menstruation. And women in menopause need to choose a certain day of the month and do not forget to conduct regular examinations. The shape, symmetry, the presence of pits, tubercles, seals, changes in the skin - everything is worth paying attention to. It is also necessary to examine the armpits and the collarbone area in search of individual enlarged lymph nodes. If there are any changes and suspicions, you should immediately contact a specialist.

I propose to pay attention to a natural herbal preparation made from broccoli - Indole 3 Carbinol, which reduces the risk of developing a number of hormone-dependent tumors: breast cancer, uterine cancer, uterine fibroids, colon cancer, and also fights mastopathy. Indole-3-carbinol has established itself as the number one drug in the treatment of mastopathy in women different ages, many gynecologists successfully use it in their practice.

The first signs of uterine cancer

It is very problematic to suspect a disease of the cervix or body of the uterus in the early stages due to the lack of clinical manifestations. Therefore, for cancer of this localization, annual screening is extremely important! The most common symptoms of uterine cancer are:

❖Cervical cancer is characterized by spotting after intercourse and/or pain during intercourse.

❖ For cancer of both the cervix and the body of the uterus, bleeding, intermenstrual discharge of varying intensity are characteristic. Sometimes it happens that a woman in menopause has bleeding, but she does not attach any importance to this, believing that menstruation has returned.

❖ Pain that occurs in the lower back, sacrum, lower abdomen and rectum is the latest symptom and indicates the spread of the tumor process to the lymph nodes and nearby tissues.

Prevention of uterine cancer

➢Timely onset of sexual activity (after 18 years), a limited number of sexual partners, since sexual infections provoke the development of uterine cancer. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been scientifically proven in the development of cervical cancer. If there is still some infection then it needs to be cured.

➢The risk of developing the disease increases with overeating, overuse fried foods, with an abundance of animal fats in food.

➢Vitamins play an important role in metabolic processes, including those that have a protective antitumor effect.

➢To prevent cervical cancer, it is necessary to treat cervical erosion, cervicitis and leukoplakia in time. That is, you must not forget to regularly look into the office to the gynecologist.

➢ Avoid alcohol and smoking. In special studies, smoking has been found to slightly increase the risk of developing cervical cancer. It turned out that the consumption of various alcoholic beverages in terms of net ethanol in doses greater than 30 g per day also increases the risk of cervical cancer.

From natural preparations First of all, the NSP company would like to draw attention to the product Indole 3 Carbinol, which removes excess estrogens from the body and helps prevent the development of hormone-dependent tumors (breast and uterus cancer), and also inhibits the growth of tumor cells infected with the human papillomavirus.

As well as for the prevention of other tumors, it is necessary to take courses of antioxidants: Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Antioxidant, Grepine with protectors, Zambroza, Protective formula, etc.

The first signs of lung cancer

Unfortunately, lung cancer is not particularly different from other types of oncology, and it loves and knows how to disguise itself in the same way. Therefore, the symptoms begin to manifest themselves more actively as the disease progresses.

❖General weakness, increased fatigue, weight loss. Body temperature may rise at the level of 37-37.5 degrees.

❖ Severe cough, especially with an admixture of blood in the sputum.

❖ Shortness of breath, chest pain, often aggravated by inhalation.

❖As the disease progresses, the tumor begins to grow and compress closely located organs and structures. This can lead to difficulty breathing, swallowing disorders, hoarseness.

Prevention of lung cancer

➢Cessation of smoking, both active and passive, significantly reduces the risk of lung cancer. Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer by 5 times! Science has repeatedly proven that when smoking, more than 40 types of various carcinogens enter the body.

➢Professional factors. Work related to these chemicals, as asbestos, arsenic, radon, cadmium, nickel, chromium (their inhalation and regular contact with them) is one of the serious risk factors. Therefore, when working with hazardous substances, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment.

➢Polluted Environment. A regularity was revealed that rural residents get lung cancer 4 times less than residents of large cities, all other things being equal.

➢Proper nutrition with enrichment of the diet with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Sufficient consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries helps to reduce the risk of cancer.

For the prevention of lung cancer and other types of tumors, I also recommend taking courses of natural plant antioxidants: Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Antioxidant, Grepine with protectors, Zambroza, Protective formula, TNT, etc.

The first signs of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is characterized by a stable malignant course. It is very difficult to detect the disease in the early stages, since at first the tumor does not manifest itself, and the neoplasm continues its persistent growth. This tumor is characterized by a special insidiousness - the symptoms have not even appeared yet, and the neoplasm is actively metastasizing (i.e., tumor screenings appear in other organs, for example, in the bones, liver). As a result, even a small primary focus in a short period of time can spread beyond the affected gland, making the prognosis unfavorable.

❖ Violation of the outflow of urine is one of the very first symptoms. As the tumor grows, it compresses the urethra. Patients with a tumor may have trouble starting to urinate, experience a feeling of incomplete emptying, and painful urge to urinate. Urinary incontinence is also one of the symptoms. But such symptoms often bother men with prostate adenoma, so the first symptoms of cancer may go unnoticed.

❖As the tumor grows, it will begin to grow into nearby organs and tissues, which will lead to painful sensations. Prostate cancer is characterized by pain in the perineum and pubis, and patients may experience discomfort over the pubic bone. Later, blood in the urine and an admixture of blood in the ejaculate may appear. Erectile dysfunction is not ruled out.

❖ With further progression of the tumor, bone pains appear (especially often in the lower back), significant weight loss, and a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Movement may be restricted lower extremities, swelling, and sometimes paralysis caused by compression of an overgrown tumor of the spinal cord.

I remind you that not a single man is immune from a prostate tumor. It is extremely important, for life including, not to miss the moment and diagnose the disease as early as possible. Main method early diagnosis and prevention of cancer localized in the prostate - annual urological screening for men over 45 years of age. (See above in the article on PSA testing). Any suspicious signs of prostate cancer at this age should be a wake up call! Seek immediate medical attention.

Prevention of prostate cancer

➢Diet - while special meaning given to vegetables and fruits (tomatoes, cabbage, broccoli, soybeans, grapes, and others) and the restriction of products containing animal fats. Scientists have noticed that the incidence of prostate cancer in the world is distributed unevenly. For example, it is noted that Japan has a rather low incidence. It is believed that this is due to the fact that the Japanese have a lot of plant foods in their diet, especially soy. It contains phytoestrogens, which are similar in composition to female sex hormones. These substances reduce the content of male hormones in the body. At the same time, the body does not lose its male qualities, but the likelihood of prostate cancer is significantly reduced. An important role in the prevention of prostate cancer is played by carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol (beta-carotene and vitamin E). They are found mainly in plant foods.

➢Lifestyle - while limiting tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, increasing the level of physical activity. Exercise can reduce excess weight, which can be a risk factor for prostate cancer.

From natural herbal preparations NSP company would like to draw attention to drugs for men's health, which are recommended to be taken periodically 2-3 times a year. These are phytocomplexes that contain Creeping Serena and African Plum: Achive with Yohimbe, Pro formula, So-palmetto (courses of 4-6 weeks). special attention deserves the drug Indole 3 Carbinol, which reduces the risk of developing a number of hormone-dependent tumors, including prostate cancer.

The sooner you start treatment, the more likely it is to finish it faster and receive minimal damage to health. Is it possible to somehow recognize cancer in its early stages? And are there any signs of cancer of individual diseases?

The first signs of oncology of various organs

Brain cancer

Symptoms of cancerous tumors located in the brain directly depend on the exact location of the tumor and its size. If the size of the tumor is large enough, then this in itself causes nausea, vomiting, dizziness. The location of the tumor in the frontal lobe is manifested by loss of smell and weakness. If the tumor is located in the temporal lobe, then forgetfulness appears and speech impairment is possible. A tumor in the parietal region can also provoke the appearance of weakness and numbness of the limbs. A tumor located in the occipital region is characterized by loss of vision. If a cancerous neoplasm occurs in the cerebellum, then this threatens to lose coordination of movement.

Any tumor in the brain, even a benign one, is very dangerous, since even if it can be removed, there is a risk of damaging nearby parts of the brain. While chemotherapy and other medications help with early diagnosis of the disease. surgical methods treatment.

: brain cancer - symptoms in the early stages

Cancer of the larynx

The early stages of this disease are recognized by the occurrence of hoarseness and a change in the timbre of the voice (with cancer of the vocal cords). Vestibular cancer of the larynx can go unnoticed for quite a long time, until the neoplasm begins to interfere with breathing, swallowing, and generally causes a feeling of discomfort.

Lungs' cancer

The leader of oncological diseases - lung cancer - is quite difficult to distinguish in terms of symptoms from non-oncological diseases of the respiratory system. In the early stages of the disease, there are: cough, shortness of breath, fever, possible coughing up blood, pain in the chest without localization of its focus. These signs can also be characteristic of another disease, of a completely non-oncological nature. For this reason, patients may be misdiagnosed and treated for another disease for a while.

Mammary cancer

On the initial stages this disease is not external manifestations the disease may not give out, it can proceed almost asymptomatically. Even with self-palpation, you can not determine the signs of breast cancer. But a mandatory self-examination at home is necessary in any case - you can still notice swelling of the skin, redness or structural change in the chest area. The examination should be carried out in a prone and standing position, examining the entire part of the chest, starting from the axillary region (pay attention to the lymph nodes, which become painful to the touch and may swell).

You should pay attention to the change in the shape and size of the breast (although this sign is usually detected already in the later stages of the disease). It is recommended to carry out such manipulations at the same time after menstruation. Signs of the onset of cancer can be the slightest seals, wounds and scales on the nipples and areolas around them. Sometimes there may be retraction of the nipple.

Remember! After 35-40, it is necessary to undergo examinations by a specialist (mammologist) in order to detect the appearance of cancer in time.

Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract

Some signs of bowel cancer may be similar to those of other non-cancer diseases: increased gas production, constipation and diarrhea (which constantly alternate), discomfort during bowel movements, false urges, blood in the stool. Such signs are also characteristic of other diseases: paraproctitis, hemorrhoids and others. But if these signs are observed for a long time, you should consult a specialist for an accurate diagnosis of the disease. Since bowel cancer is usually detected by chance and already in the later stages.

Stomach cancer can manifest itself as lack of appetite and fever, and pain and a feeling of heaviness may appear much later.

The liver signals the presence of a tumor there by heaviness in the right hypochondrium and an increase in the size of the abdomen.

The location of the tumor in the glandular tissue is detected quite quickly. Its almost instantaneous growth makes it possible to feel it during palpation in a month.

Genital cancer in men

Men, like women, are advised to check themselves for the presence of a tumor - that is, to conduct a self-examination of the testicles. Moreover, it is recommended to do this at a fairly young age (25-35 years). Those at risk are more likely to have such a pathology in relatives.

When self-feeling, any seals and swelling, albeit of a minimal size, should fall under suspicion, you should also pay attention to changes in the size of the testicles (if one has become noticeably larger than the other). Later, a feeling of heaviness may appear in the testicles and It's a dull pain.

Prostate cancer may occur later in life. This disease is dangerous because in the early stages it goes unnoticed. Although in some men, this type of cancer can manifest itself in the form of frequent urination, blood in the urine, and pain in the perineum. But these signs of the disease are not manifested in everyone.

: testicular cancer

Genital cancer in women

These types of diseases include cancerous tumors of the vagina, body and cervix, ovary. But the appearance of a tumor in these places, as a rule, does not make itself felt. Only in later stages are blood clots possible in female secretions. Ovarian cancer may cause frequent urination and violations menstrual cycle.

: ovarian cancer - the first signs and symptoms

Skin cancer

This type of cancer can be diagnosed even in the early stages of occurrence. It is characterized by such manifestations:

Such external defects of the surface of the human body can appear even on the mucosa.

bone cancer

The first sign of bone cancer may be the occurrence of aching pain near the joint. Over time, this pain becomes stronger, swelling or redness may appear. Usually, the pelvis, chest, legs, arms become the sites of localization of bone cancer, less often, but the location of the cancerous tumor on the bones of the skull, including the jaw, is found.

Oncological diseases occupy a leading position in terms of patient mortality worldwide. A complete cure for cancer patients is possible only in the early stages of the disease, but many types of malignant neoplasms at the initial stage of formation are almost asymptomatic. However, there are a number of common oncological signs by which you can independently suspect the presence of cancer.

General symptoms

Oncologists point to the existence of the so-called small symptom complex, the detection of which is considered a reason for an immediate consultation with an oncologist:

• severe fatigue and gradual deterioration of health;
• headaches, dizziness, night sweats and progressive general weakness;
• persistent subfebrile temperature body, occasional febrile states in the evening;
• prolonged itching of the skin, violation of the structure and shape of birthmarks, nevi and moles;
• asymmetric increase in some areas of papilloma with the formation of a red corolla, a feeling of " foreign body» and tingling of the skin;
• symmetrical enlargement of a group of lymph nodes in the cervical region, inguinal or axillary areas;
• chronic course of ulcers, cracks and erosions on the skin or in the oral cavity;
• an increase in the volume of soft tissues, which is accompanied by an atypical color and pattern of the skin in this area;
• frequent attacks of bone pain, pathological fractures and local hyperthermia.

Specific signs of the disease

Oncologists are wary of the following symptoms:

• severe and prolonged pain when swallowing food. Such pain can be repeated repeatedly. Over time, the patient may experience tingling, scratching, and a "foreign object" feeling in the throat;
• retention of food in the esophagus;
• constant feeling of fullness in the stomach with frequent belching during meals;
• the presence of mucous and blood inclusions in the feces in combination with dull pain in the anus;
• prolonged purulent discharge from the nasal passages, which are not associated with rhinitis and sinusitis;
• persistent and recurrent bouts of dry cough, chest pain and bloody sputum;
• changes in acuity and a decrease in the field of view;
• constant headaches, lack of coordination of movements;
• frequent urge to urinate, mucous bleeding from the genitals, chronic pain syndrome in the pelvic area.

Analyzes

Examination of feces

Examination of a patient with suspected bowel cancer necessarily includes an analysis of feces for the presence of blood elements. Recent research by scientists at the University of Potsdam has led to the development of an innovative diagnostic method intestinal cancer. The essence of the technique is to identify cancer cells that stand out from a malignant neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. It is noteworthy that such an analysis is able to diagnose early forms of oncology in the absence of specific symptoms of cancer.

General urine analysis

It allows you to determine the general condition of the urinary system. By the color of urine and the inclusion of leukocytes and erythrocytes, oncology or inflammatory-destructive changes in the kidneys can be suspected. Subsequent diagnosis requires additional diagnostic procedures and medical advice.

Recently, the press has published information about the successful scientific research of American scientists in the field of cancer diagnosis. Bladder and prostate by urinalysis.

General blood analysis

The development of malignant neoplasms provokes an increase in the concentration in the blood of certain biologically active substances. These substances are called tumor markers. Determination of the amount of a specific protein in circulatory system is considered an integral part of the screening examination.

Cancer screening

A diagnostic technique that allows to establish the presence of a cancerous lesion in the preclinical stage of tumor development. Is it possible to determine cancer by blood analysis by analyzing the number of tumor markers? Blood analysis has such goals as early detection of cancerous tumors, differentiation of malignant and benign processes, monitoring the results and effectiveness of anticancer treatment, as well as timely detection of recurrence of the disease.

For diagnosis, blood is taken from the patient on an empty stomach. Duration laboratory research usually takes one day.

The traditional set of oncomarkers includes:

1. CEA marker, which indicates the presence of neoplasms and metastatic lesions of internal organs;
2. CA 19-9 marker for the detection of pancreatic tumors;
3. CA-15-3-marker, which makes it possible to detect breast cancer;
4. CA-125 is a marker of metastatic and cancerous lesions of the ovaries.

Is it possible to determine cancer on its own by the level of tumor markers? It is impossible to answer unambiguously. The concentration of such substances may increase against the background of chronic inflammatory processes or viral infection of the body. Concerning an oncologist should analyze the results of a laboratory study, which in most cases recommends that the patient undergo an additional diagnostic examination.

Useful video

There are a number of symptoms that are characteristic of the development of any type of cancer. If cancer is recognized at an early stage of development, it can be cured. It is important to monitor your body, understand what condition is considered normal for it, and consult a doctor if abnormalities appear.

Doctors explain what signals our body must not ignore in order not to miss the development of cancer.

1. Painful sensations.

In the initial stage, these are not pains, but a feeling of discomfort in a certain organ: burning, squeezing, etc. In oncological practice, the term “pain” is more acceptable, but “pain sensations”, since tumors in the initial stages develop painlessly, and then sensations appear that are far from always perceived by patients as pain.

For example, the feeling of a "foreign body behind the sternum" in esophageal cancer or discomfort in stomach cancer. Overflow of the organ with contents - with cancer of the stomach, the left half of the colon - leads to a feeling of fullness, bloating, and release from it - to complete relief. Pain can be an early sign of several tumors, such as those of the bones or testis. Most often, however, pain is a symptom of a common process.

2. Rapid weight loss.

The tumor forces the body to produce substances that disrupt metabolic processes, causing a person to lose weight in a few months. A cancerous tumor releases its waste products into the blood, which causes signs of intoxication (poisoning) of the body, such as nausea, loss of appetite, etc. In addition, the tumor consumes a relatively large amount nutrients which, along with loss of appetite, leads to weakness and weight loss.

Most people with cancer experience weight loss at some point in their illness. Unexplained weight loss of 4-5 kg ​​can be the first sign of cancer, especially cancer of the pancreas, stomach, esophagus or lung.

3. Constant weakness.

Intoxication of the body with cancer causes weakness, anemia. Fatigue can be an important symptom as the disease progresses.

However, fatigue and weakness can occur early, especially if the cancer causes chronic blood loss, as occurs with colon or stomach cancer.

4. Elevated temperature.

Oppressed by the tumor the immune system reacts with an increase in temperature. Almost all cancer patients develop a fever at some stage of the disease.

Rarely, fever can be an early sign of cancer, such as Hodgkin's disease (lymphogranulomatosis).

5. Shortness of breath, cough, hoarseness

So called chest symptoms cancer is cough, shortness of breath and hoarseness. Of course, they can be caused by infections, inflammation, and other diseases and ailments, but in some cases, such signs indicate lung cancer. If you have been experiencing shortness of breath and coughing for more than two weeks, contact your doctor immediately. You should also see a specialist if you see blood in your sputum.

The cause of hoarseness is often laryngitis. This disease means inflammation of the larynx. Rarely, however, hoarseness is an early symptom of laryngeal cancer. If this ailment has been tormenting you for more than two weeks, go to an appointment with a specialist.

6. Change in the condition of hair and skin.

Due to the violation of metabolic processes, external changes also occur.

In addition to skin tumors, some internal cancers can cause visible skin signs such as darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation), yellowing (jaundice), redness (erythema), itching, or excessive hair growth.

7. The presence of a neoplasm.

In the vast majority of cases, cancer manifests itself as the formation of a tumor. It can be something resembling a lump, a lump, a sore, a wart, a mole, etc.

How does skin cancer manifest itself? Many people think about this, on whose body there are numerous moles. Let's try to answer this question.

A variation of this disease is melanoma. As a rule, it manifests itself with a change in appearance skin. Sometimes it seems that you have formed a new large mole. However, melanoma can also form in an existing mole. That is why it is extremely difficult to distinguish a benign formation from a malignant one.

You should contact your doctor immediately if your moles show any of the following symptoms:

• asymmetry (moles are usually even and symmetrical, but melanomas are not);
• uneven edges;
• an atypical color for a mole (if moles, as a rule, have a brown tint, then melanomas are brown with black, pink, red, white and even bluish);
• large size (moles usually do not exceed 6 mm in diameter, melanomas - more than 7 mm);
• presence of crusting, itching, bleeding: melanomas can bleed, crust, itch (these symptoms of skin cancer are not common, but should not be forgotten).

If any marks appear on the skin that do not go away for several weeks, if you notice the above signs of melanoma in yourself, then immediately consult a doctor.

If you notice a tumor somewhere on your body, then immediately consult a doctor. It is very good if you can tell exactly how long ago you had it, whether it interferes with you, whether it is increasing in size. Very often, cancerous growths are completely painless.

It is extremely difficult to recognize a tumor of oncological origin by touch. However, if the doctor suspects that you have a malignant neoplasm, he will refer you to the right specialist for further examination and testing.

It should be taken into account that if swelling and bumps occur quite often in your body, then most likely they are not malignant.

However, not all tumors are malignant or cancerous. One of the main signs of a cancerous tumor is its gradual and steady increase. Almost all tissues and organs can be affected by tumors.
(There are cancers without tumor formation, such as blood cancer.)

8. Pathological discharge.

Many cancerous neoplasms are characterized by pathological discharge: purulent, bloody, etc.
First most early symptom uterine cancers are uterine bleeding.
The appearance of blood from the genital tract in menopausal age, when a woman has stopped menstruating for 1-1.5 years, is the moment that makes all the necessary research to decide whether or not a cancerous neoplasm is present.
Bleeding after sexual intercourse is highly suspicious for cervical cancer.

The second symptom of uterine cancer is discharge. Initially, the discharge may be watery liquid, not very abundant, even when there are still no irregularities in the menstrual cycle and there is no bloody discharge in menopause. But in the future, an admixture of blood joins them, the discharge becomes sanious, the color of meat slops, with a sharp unpleasant odor. This nature of the discharge indicates the onset of the decay of the tumor.

The presence of blood in sputum and feces can be both with small and large, decaying tumors. Constant irritation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, intestines, bronchus by a tumor can lead to increased secretion of mucus. Accession of an infection changes character of allocations.

9. Disturbances in the work of the digestive tract

A sign of a change in the functioning of the digestive tract is the presence of blood in the stool. Usually it is bright red or dark. The presence of fresh, scarlet blood is a sign of hemorrhoids.

A symptom of cancer may be a change in the frequency of the digestive tract (constipation or diarrhea) for no apparent reason. Also, sometimes there is a feeling of insufficient bowel cleansing after a stool. Some patients experience pain in the rectum or abdomen.

Being interested in the types of tumors and the question of how to recognize them, it is important to remember that a change in stool does not always indicate the development of oncology. The reasons may lie in a change in diet, excitement, taking medicines. If within a few weeks the stool does not return to normal, then in order to exclude dangerous disease you need to see a doctor.

10. Bleeding

Any bleeding for no apparent reason is a sign of a malfunction in the internal organs. This is a good reason to go to a specialist.

Bleeding from the rectum can be a sign of hemorrhoids, but also one of the symptoms of cancer of the internal organs.

If a woman has developed malignant tumor in the uterus or cervix, bleeding may occur between periods or after sexual intercourse. If bleeding occurs in women after menopause she urgently needs to see a doctor.

Blood in the urine can be a symptom of bladder cancer or kidney cancer. However, infection can also be the cause of this phenomenon. Contact your doctor if you find that there is blood in your urine. By the way, it should be taken into account that sometimes urine turns pink due to the presence of dyes in food. This can happen if you ate, for example, beets the day before.

If, when coughing, sputum comes out with blood, then the reason for this is a serious infectious disease. Sometimes this is a sign of lung cancer. Blood in vomit can signal stomach cancer, however, an ulcer can also be the cause of this phenomenon. Therefore, the exact answer to the question, how to identify cancer- you need to contact a specialist.

Nosebleeds and bruising are rare symptoms of cancer. Sometimes these signs are a consequence of leukemia. However, people suffering from this disease have other, more obvious signs of oncology.

What to do if you have anxiety symptoms?

If you suspect that you have even a few symptoms, you should first contact at least a therapist. Sometimes the symptoms are ignored because the person is scared possible consequences and refuses to see a doctor, or considers the symptom that has appeared to be insignificant. Common type symptoms fatigue are more often unrelated to cancer and therefore often go unnoticed, especially when there is an obvious cause or when they are temporary.

However, such symptoms should not be ignored, especially if they persist for a long period of time, such as a week, or there is a negative trend.
Only a specialist will be able to assess your condition and prescribe adequate treatment. Only a doctor will be able to direct you to undergo x-rays, take tests, etc.

If the doctor suspects cancer, he will direct you to do a biopsy, tomography, and also advise a specialist. If the doctor decides that the cause of your illness is of a different nature, then in any case he will be able to help you cope with ailments, and faster than if you were treated on your own.

According to RBC-Ukraine, www.pror.ru, www.cancer.bessmertie.ru, www.ravnoepravo.ru

Please note that the presence of any of these signs does not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer.
And vice versa, the absence of these signs, or the inability to detect them, does not mean that there is no cancer...

PS. Cancer is a disease that can affect any organ or tissue. human body, the clinical symptoms of which are characterized by great diversity and depend on many factors: the localization (location) of the tumor, its histological form (structure), the nature of growth, the prevalence of the process, the age and sex of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases.

"There are no absolute diagnostic symptoms (feelings of the patient himself) or signs (changes that may also be noticeable to others), therefore diagnostic tests should ultimately involve taking tissue samples and examining them under a microscope (biopsy), as this is the only way to prove the presence of cancer."
M. Whitehouse

The insidiousness of cancer is that pain appears only in the later stages. Are there “early” signs that can start treatment on time and save a life?

General and local symptoms

Detect cancer at an early stage, before it spreads tentacles throughout the body metastasis, is a guarantee of a positive prognosis during treatment. Every year, about half a million people in our country are diagnosed with malignant tumors, half of them die.

These are those who went to the doctor too late.

95% of patients with a detected neoplasm at the first or second stage are successfully cured.

In whatever part of the body a malignant tumor is located, it shows itself with the following symptoms:

More specific symptoms depend on the location of the malignant tumor.

Lungs' cancer

The leader of oncological diseases - lung cancer - is difficult to distinguish from other pathologies of the respiratory system, since in the first stages there are:

For this reason, patients are often treated for another pathology.

Mammary cancer

In the initial stages, there are simply no obvious signs of the disease, even with independent palpation. But still, a young woman should ensure a monthly self-examination of the breast, which includes:

Signs of cancer can be the slightest seals, swelling and deformities, scales and sores on the nipple and areola.

For women over the age of 39, such an examination is not enough. To detect cancer in time, you need to undergo an examination.

Cancer of the male genital organs

When palpated, suspicion should be caused by any swelling and compaction, even the size of a pea, a difference in size. Over time, aching pain and a feeling of heaviness appear in the testicles.

Prostate cancer is a storm of men that develops with age. It is dangerous because in the early stages it proceeds imperceptibly. Someone has frequent urination, pain in the perineum, blood in the urine, although the first symptoms may not be.

Cancer of the larynx

In 95% of cases of pathology, men also become patients. At an early stage, the disease gives itself out as hoarseness and a change in the timbre of the voice, but only if the vocal cords are affected. Vestibular cancer of the larynx goes unnoticed until the neoplasm causes a sensation of presence. foreign body interferes with swallowing and breathing.

Cancer of the digestive system

It will not be possible to identify bowel cancer on its own at the first stage of development. Usually it is discovered by chance - already in the later stages at the doctor's appointment. Therefore, you need to be on the lookout if the following symptoms are observed for a long time:

• increased gas formation;
• feeling of fullness in the intestines;
• alternating constipation and diarrhea;
• discomfort during defecation, false urges;
• blood in stool.

But that's the difficulty of diagnosis: similar symptoms are typical for hemorrhoids, paraproctitis and other diseases.

Stomach cancer reveals itself lack of appetite and rise in temperature.

Feeling of heaviness and pain occur much later.

In liver cancer, along with common symptoms appear:

• heaviness in the right hypochondrium;
• enlargement of the abdomen.

In the glandular tissue, the tumor grows instantly. Already a month after its formation, it can be palpated on palpation.

Cancer of the female genital organs

These include tumors of the ovary, vagina, cervix and body of the uterus.

In whatever place of the female genital organs a malignant neoplasm appears, at an early stage a woman does not even suspect that a tumor appears inside her.

With the development of the disease, blood clots appear in the female secretions.

For ovarian cancer menstrual irregularities and frequent urination.

Skin cancer

The disease can be visually diagnosed even at an early stage. Symptoms of skin cancer are:

External defects can occur anywhere, even on the mucosa.

Brain cancer

Symptoms directly depend on in which area of ​​the brain the seal appeared and how large it is:

Even a benign tumor is dangerous for the brain.

bone cancer

Almost immediately with the onset of the disease, a dull aching pain near the joint appears. Over time, it becomes more intense, swelling and redness appear. Most often, various types of bone cancer occur on the legs, pelvis and chest, less often on the head, including the jaw.

What to pass or take place inspection?

Since in the initial stages the cancer proceeds secretly, regular preventive examinations and tests are recommended. Tell about the development of any type of cancer in the body blood test.

More local studies are ordered to confirm the diagnosis.

To reduce the risk of developing pathology, the examination should be annual.