Insulin bumps. Isophane insulin release form Cross-drug interactions

Neutral human insulin suspension medium duration actions.

pharmachologic effect

It activates the phosphatidylinositol system, changes the membrane transport of glucose and ions, normalizes the polarization of membranes (increases the entry of potassium into the cell), activates hexokinase and glycogen synthetase, promotes the absorption of amino acids by cells.

Clinical pharmacology

The effect develops 1-2 hours after administration, reaches a maximum by 6-12 hours and lasts 18-24 hours.

Indications for Isofan-Insulin ChM

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: with allergies to other types of insulin, for intensified insulin therapy (needle-free injectors, standard and PEN syringes, etc.), in patients with severe vascular complications of diabetes, for devices with a special purpose (artificial pancreas, etc.) ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes (combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic drugs, temporary insulin therapy).

Contraindications

Hypoglycemic states, coma.

Side effects

Hypoglycemia (feeling of hunger, overwork, tremor); allergic reactions; lipodystrophy at injection sites.

Dosage and administration

P / c, / m, the contents of the vial are well shaken before use and administered immediately after filling the syringe. The dosage is determined individually.

Precautionary measures

Should not be administered in the same place. When taken simultaneously with a fast-acting solution of human insulin, Inutral XM is first drawn into the syringe. Use with caution when kidney failure, against the background of infections, with hypopituitarism, pregnancy, in persons over 65 years of age.

Storage conditions of the drug Isofan-Insulin ChM

Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life of the drug Isofan-Insulin ChM

Do not use after the expiry date stated on the packaging.

Synonyms of nosological groups

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Insulin Isofan is a reliable assistant in diabetes

Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels. But at the same time, all drugs have contraindications, and you should not forget about it. When taking the drug, you must remember the dosage.

Forms of release, approximate cost

The drug is available in the form of a suspension. It is intended for subcutaneous injection. The medicine has an average duration of action. At the same time, it effectively reduces the amount of glucose in the blood and helps it to be better absorbed in the tissues. Accelerates the processes of protein synthesis, glycogenogenesis and lipogenesis.

• absorption rate;
• administration doses;
• injection sites and more. others

The duration of action of the drug varies from person to person and from person to person. On average, the onset of action of the drug when administered subcutaneously is one and a half hours. To achieve the maximum effect, it should take from 4 to 12 hours. And the maximum period of activity medicinal product is equal to 1 day.

The time of onset, and the thoroughness of absorption, is directly dependent on the amount of drug administered and the point at which it was injected. In addition, the concentration of the drug and many other factors have a considerable influence. You can inject the medicine into the abdomen, buttocks and thigh.

The maximum amount of insulin in the blood, or rather in the blood plasma, accumulates from 2 to 18 hours after the injection. In this case, insulin does not bind to proteins. Its distribution throughout the tissues of the body is uneven. The medicine does not enter breast milk, as well as through the barrier from the placenta.

It takes only a few minutes for its half-life from the blood, but it takes from 5 to 10 hours to remove it from the body. The kidneys excrete it up to 80%. When conducting studies, no harm to the body was found. Instructions for use of the drug is very extensive. It thoroughly describes all aspects of the application.

Indications and contraindications

Like any other medicine, genetically engineered human insulin "Isophane" has indications for use. The first of these is type 1 diabetes. The second is type 2 diabetes at various stages of the disease. The drug can be taken during pregnancy.

There are no restrictions on this. The drug can not be interrupted and breastfeeding. After all, the drug does not penetrate into breast milk and the placenta. If, nevertheless, there is a desire to refuse to take the drug, then it is worth remembering that diseases may develop in which it is possible to harm the development of the fetus. This can lead to the development of fetal defects or to his death.

While carrying a baby, do not neglect visits to the doctor. This requires constant monitoring of the amount of glucose. At the time of planning pregnancy, you must follow all the same recommendations.

The need for insulin is practically minimal in the first trimester, and increases greatly in the subsequent period. After the birth of a child, the need for insulin remains the same as it was before pregnancy. During lactation, it is necessary to adjust the dosage of the drug and the diet.

And, of course, the drug has contraindications for use. The first of these will be hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. The second contraindication is a persistent deviation from the norm, which is characterized by a decrease in glucose in the blood lymph below 3.5 mmol / l. The third contraindication is insulinoma.

Dosages

With subcutaneous administration, the dosage is determined by the doctor directly for each patient individually. Each individual case must be considered daily rate insulin fluctuates between 0.5 and 1 IU/kg. This level depends on the level of glucose in the patient's blood and the individual characteristics of each of them. That is why an accurate dosage calculation is required.

For injection, most patients prefer to choose the thigh. Another place can be the front wall abdominal cavity, shoulder area and buttock. Before administration, it is required to warm the drug to room temperature.

The introduction of the drug is possible only subcutaneously. In no case should you administer the drug intravenously.

An increased need for insulin is observed in obese people and during puberty. It is not recommended to administer the drug in the same place. All injections must be given at different sites within the permitted area.

During the period of insulin use, constant monitoring of blood glucose levels is required. At the same time, do not forget about the need for a timely meal. Do not change the drug without the consent of the doctor.

In diseases of the kidneys and liver, the need for insulin is markedly reduced. Wrong work thyroid gland may lead to the same result.

A trip associated with a change in the time zone must be agreed with the attending physician. The reason for this need is simple. When you change the time zone, there will be a change in the time of eating and the drug.

While taking the drug, especially in initial stage there may be a decrease in the ability to drive a car and other vehicles.

Analogues

• Protafan NM;
• Humulin;
• Aktrafan NM.

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Insulin isophane: instructions for use of the suspension

Active ingredient: insulin

human genetically engineered isophane

Manufacturer: Novo Nordisk, Denmark

Pharmacy dispensing condition: By prescription

Storage conditions: t within 2-8 degrees

Human genetically engineered insulin isophane is used to treat conditions associated with insufficient production of the body's own hormone using an insular apparatus. There is no drug with this name on sale, as it is a form active substance, but there are analogues. A striking example of such a substance on sale is rinsulin.

Indications for use

The main indication is the therapy of type 1 diabetes, but in some cases it can be prescribed in the presence of an insulin-independent form of the disease. Any trade name of isophane will be suitable for the treatment of a person who is no longer taking hypoglycemic agents due to complete or partial resistance. Less commonly, the drug is used in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes.

Composition and forms of release

1 ml of solution consists of 100 units of the active ingredient. Auxiliary components - protamine sulfate, sterile water for injections, crystalline phenol, sodium phosphate dihydrate, glycerol, metacresol.

Suspension for injection, transparent. One vial contains 3 ml of the substance. There are 5 cartridges in one package or 10 ml of the drug is sold in one bottle at once.

Medicinal properties

Insulin Isophane is a medium-acting hypoglycemic agent that has been manufactured using recombinant DNA technology. After subcutaneous administration, the endogenous hormone binds to the insulin receptor complex, resulting in the synthesis of many enzyme compounds - hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and others. Thanks to a substance introduced from the outside, the intracellular space of glucose increases, due to which it is intensively absorbed by tissues, and the rate of sugar synthesis by the liver is significantly reduced. With frequent use, the drug starts the processes of lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis and proteinogenesis.

The duration of action and the speed of the onset of the effect in different people depends on many factors, in particular on the speed of metabolic processes. Which means that this process is individual. On average, since this is a medium-speed hormone, the onset of the effect develops one and a half hours after subcutaneous administration. The duration of the effect is a day, the peak concentration occurs within 4-12 hours.

The agent is absorbed unevenly, excreted mainly through the kidneys, the severity of the effect depends directly on the injection site (stomach, arm or thigh). The drug does not penetrate the placental barrier and into breast milk, therefore it is allowed for pregnant women and recently given birth to mothers.

Mode of application

The average cost of a drug in Russia is 1075 rubles per pack.

Inject subcutaneously, once a day, in different places. The frequency of injections in one place should not exceed more than 1 time per month, so the injection site of the medication is changed each time. Before direct use, the ampoules are rolled in the palms. Basic injection instructions - sterile treatment, needles are inserted subcutaneously at an angle of 45 degrees into the clamped fold, then the place is thoroughly disinfected. Dosages are selected by the doctor individually.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

The drug is approved for use during these periods.

Contraindications and precautions

These include: intolerance to a particular active substance and low level sugar at the moment.

Cross drug interactions

Reduce the effect of the drug: systemic glucocorticoids, oral contraception, estradiol and progesterone, anabolic steroids, diuretics, antidepressants, thyroid hormones.

Increase efficiency: alcohol, salicylates, sulfonamides and beta-blockers, MAO inhibitors.

Side effects and overdose

Hypoglycemia or lipodystrophy is possible if the rules for administering injections and the prescribed dosage are not followed. Less commonly, systemic side effects occur in the form of allergic reactions, shortness of breath, decreased blood pressure, hyperhidrosis and tachycardia.

Overdose shows classic symptoms low sugar in the blood: a strong feeling of hunger, weakness, loss of consciousness, dizziness, sweating, a desire to eat sweets, in severe cases - a coma. Light signs are stopped by taking fast carbohydrates, medium ones - by injections of dextrose or glucose intravenously. Difficult situations require an urgent call to doctors at home.

Analogues

Rinsulin PNH

Geropharm-bio OOO, Russia

The average cost in Russia is 1000 rubles per package.

Rinosulin is a complete analogue and consists of an intermediate-acting insulin isophane. This drug form good because it does not require frequent subcutaneous injection.

• Not the cheapest
• Possible side effects.

Humulin NPH

Eli Lilly East, Switzerland

The average price in Russia is 17 rubles.

Humulin NPH is an analogue of the average speed of exposure.

INSULIN OF ISOPHAN HUMAN SUSPENSION (SUSPENSION OF HUMAN ISOPHANE INSULIN)

Synonyms

Berlinsulin H basal pen (Berlinsulin H basal pen), Berlinsulin H basal U-40 (Berlinsulin H basal U-40), Biosulin (Biosulin), Protafan HM (Protaphen HM), Protafan HM penfill (Protaphane HM penfill), Rinsulin NPH ( Rinsulin NPH), Rinsulin R (Rinsulin R), Homofan 100 (Homofan 100).

Composition and form of release

Insulin isophane. Suspension for injection (in 1 ml - 40 IU, 80 IU, 100 IU).

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption and the onset of the effect depend on the site of administration and the concentration of insulin in the preparation. Destroyed by insulinase, mainly in the liver. Excreted with urine.

pharmachologic effect

Intermediate-acting insulin preparation. It is isophane protamine insulin, identical to human insulin. Lowers blood glucose, enhances its uptake by tissues, lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, protein synthesis, reduces the rate of glucose production by the liver.

The onset of action of the drug is 1.5 hours after s / c administration. The maximum effect develops between 4 and 12 hours. The duration of action is up to 24 hours. The action profile of human insulin isophane is approximate: it depends on the dose of the drug and reflects significant inter- and intrapersonal variations.

Indications

Type 1 diabetes: pregnancy on the background of diabetes mellitus; patients who have not previously received insulin;

Labile form of diabetes associated with the presence of a high titer of antibodies to insulin, transplantation of pancreatic islet cells.

Type 2 diabetes: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic agents, partial resistance to these drugs (combination therapy), intercurrent diseases, operations (mono- or combination therapy), pregnancy (if diet therapy is ineffective).

Application

The dose of insulin is determined by the doctor individually in each case. The drug is administered s / c. As monotherapy, the drug is prescribed 1-2 r / day. When transferring patients from highly purified porcine insulin to human insulin, the dose does not change.

When transferring from bovine or mixed (porcine/bovine) insulin, the dose should be reduced by 10%, unless the initial dose is less than 0.6 U/kg. At a daily dose of more than 0.6 U / kg, insulin must be administered in the form of two or more injections at different sites. Patients receiving 100 IU per day or more, when replacing insulin, it is advisable to hospitalize.

The transfer of a patient from one insulin preparation to another should be carried out under glucose control. In type 1 diabetes, the drug is used as basal insulin in combination with a fast-acting insulin preparation. In type 2 diabetes, the drug can be used both as monotherapy and in combination with fast-acting insulins.

The dose of insulin must be adjusted in the following cases: with changes in the nature and diet, large physical activity, infectious diseases, surgery, pregnancy, thyroid dysfunction, Addison's disease, hypopituitrism, PN and DM in people over 65 years of age.

In case of an overdose of insulin, it is necessary to prescribe oral glucose if the patient is conscious; in case of loss of consciousness, it is necessary to s / c, / m or / in the introduction of glucagon or / in glucose. With the initial appointment of insulin, a change in its type, or in the presence of significant physical or mental stress, it is possible to reduce the ability to concentrate, the speed of mental and motor reactions.

Side effect

Hypoglycemic conditions; hypoglycemic precoma and coma; hyperemia and itching at the injection site of the drug; rarely - AR (less often, it is when using insulin preparations of animal origin).

Contraindications

Hypoglycemia, insuloma, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Interaction with other drugs

The hypoglycemic effect of insulin is enhanced by MAO inhibitors, alcohol, non-selective BAB, sulfonamides;

lower - oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, thyroid hormones, thiazide diuretics.

On this topic:

Alphabetical index of medicines:

insulin isophane

Insulin therapy is the administration of insulin-based drugs for therapeutic purposes. Exists a large number of medicines based on this hormone, which are divided into several groups depending on the time of onset of the effect and the duration of action. One of the representatives of drugs of medium duration is Insulin-Isophane. More details about its application are described in the article.

pharmachologic effect

Insulin isophane (human genetically engineered) is synthesized by altering the DNA of the hormone by attaching a strain of unicellular fungi that belong to the class of Saccharomycetes. Upon entering the body, the substance forms specific complexes on the surfaces of cells, which activate a number of reactions within the cells themselves, including the synthesis of important substances.

The hypoglycemic effect of insulin isophane is associated with an acceleration of the processes of sugar entry from the bloodstream into the cells of the human body, as well as a slowdown in the synthesis of glucose by liver hepatocytes. Also, the drug stimulates the formation of protein substances, is involved in the metabolism of fats.

The duration of the effect after the administration of the drug depends on the rate of its absorption, which, in turn, is determined by a number of factors:

• the dose of the substance;
• method of administration;
• the place of introduction;
• the state of the body of the patient;
• the presence of concomitant diseases (primarily infectious);
• physical activity;
• body weight of the patient.

Endocrinologist - a specialist who will help you choose an insulin therapy regimen

According to statistics, the activity of insulin isophane appears after 1.5 hours from the moment of injection, the duration of action is up to 24 hours. highest level substances in the bloodstream are observed from 2 to 18 hours after the injection of the drug under the skin.

The medicine does not pass into milk during breastfeeding. Up to 75% of the substance is excreted from the body with urine. According to studies, the drug is not toxic to the reproductive system and human DNA, and does not have a carcinogenic effect.

When is the substance prescribed?

Instructions for use says that the indications for the use of insulin isophane are:

• insulin-dependent form of diabetes mellitus;
• non-insulin dependent form of diabetes mellitus;
• partial resistance to the action of tableted hypoglycemic drugs;
• the presence of intercurrent diseases (those that join by chance, but aggravate the course of the underlying disease);
• gestational diabetes in pregnancy.

Mode of application

The release form of the drug is a suspension for injection, 40 IU per 1 ml. The vial contains 10 ml.

Insulin isophane is used exclusively as a subcutaneous injection. The dosage is selected by the attending specialist, taking into account the gender, age of the patient, his body weight, sugar levels and physical activity. As a rule, 0.5-1 IU per kilogram of body weight is prescribed per day.

The drug can be administered:

The drug is administered exclusively subcutaneously, constantly changing the injection site

The place is constantly changing. This is necessary to prevent the development of lipodystrophy (a condition in which the subcutaneous fat layer atrophies).

Conducting insulin therapy using Insulin Isophane, like any other drug based on a pancreatic hormone analog, should be combined with checking the level of glycemia in dynamics.

The dosage of the drug must be adjusted in the following situations:

• chronic insufficiency of the adrenal cortex;
• hypofunction of the thyroid gland;
• severe pathologies of the kidneys or liver;
• infectious diseases associated with high temperature body;
• advanced age of the patient.

Contraindications and side effects

Insulin-isophane is not prescribed for insulin therapy in the presence of increased individual sensitivity to active components, in the presence of a hormone-secreting pancreatic tumor and with a decrease in glycemia.

The introduction of a larger dose of the drug than necessary can cause a hypoglycemic state. Its main manifestations are headache and dizziness, pathological feeling of hunger, excessive sweating. Patients complain of trembling of hands, fingers, nausea and vomiting, fear and anxiety.

Important! On examination, memory lapses, impaired coordination, disorientation in space, speech disorders can be determined.

Hypoglycemia is a low level of sugar in the bloodstream, which can be caused by an overdose of pancreatic hormone.

In addition to an overdose, etiological factors low glycemia can be skipping the next meal, changing one insulin preparation to another, excessive physical activity, changing the injection site, simultaneous treatment with several groups of drugs.

Another side effect, which may occur against the background of non-compliance with the scheme of administration of the drug or an incorrect dose, may be a hyperglycemic state. Its symptoms are as follows:

• the patient often drinks and urinates;
• bouts of nausea and vomiting;
• dizziness;
• dry skin and mucous membranes;
• sensation of acetone smell in the exhaled air.

The drug can also cause allergic reactions, which are manifested by the following syndromes:

Edema, inflammatory reaction, redness, itching, hemorrhage, lipodystrophy may occur at the injection site.

There are also situations against which the use of insulin-isophane violates the ability to drive vehicles and other mechanisms. This may be due to the primary use of the drug, switching from one drug to another, the effects of stress and significant physical activity.

In some cases, dizziness may develop, which is an obstacle to driving

Pregnancy and lactation

The active substance of the drug does not penetrate into breast milk and through the placental barrier, so Insulin-Isophane can be prescribed to women during the period of bearing a child and breastfeeding. It is important to accurately calculate the dose of the administered agent, since a critical increase or decrease in maternal blood sugar when using the wrong dosage is fraught with the fetus.

drug interaction

There are drugs that can enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin isophane, and there are those that, on the contrary, weaken it, leading to an increase in the patient's blood sugar.

The first group of medicines includes:

• tableted hypoglycemic agents;
• ACE inhibitors;
• sulfonamides;
• some antibiotics;
• anabolic steroid;
• antifungal agents;
• Theophylline;
• preparations based on lithium;
• Clofibrate.

Representatives of the tetracycline group are able to enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.

The second group includes:

• hormones of the adrenal cortex;
• COCs;
• thyroid hormones;
• heparin;
• diuretics;
• antidepressants;
• sympathomimetics.

Trade names

Insulin isophane is the active ingredient in many analogues of human insulin, so its trade name has several types (synonyms):

Insulin is considered prescription drug. Self-medication with such a remedy is unacceptable.

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ATTENTION! All information on the site is for informational purposes only and does not claim to be absolutely accurate from a medical point of view. Treatment must be carried out by a qualified doctor. By self-medicating, you can harm yourself!

Insulin Isophane - a genetically engineered human hormone

In maintenance therapy for diabetes, both 1 and 2 degrees, an important role is played by the hormone introduced into the body in time. New drug Insulin Isofan will help patients with diabetes live safely. Treatment of diabetes with insulin has a substitutive property.

The purpose of such a medical intervention is to compensate for the loss or excess of carbohydrates in the framework of metabolism with the help of subcutaneous injection of a special hormone. This hormone affects the body identically to natural insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. Treatment may be partial or complete.

Among the drugs successfully used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus 2 and 1 degree, insulin Izofan has proven itself well. It contains human genetically engineered insulin, which has a medium duration of action.

This medicine, this hormone, indispensable for full life a person who has problems with sugar in

blood is produced in different forms:

• For conducting under the skin;
• For injection into a vein;
• For intramuscular administration.

This choice makes it possible for a person suffering from diabetes of varying degrees to control the level of sugar in the blood by any method of introducing it into the blood, adjusting it when necessary.

Insulin Isophane - indications for use:

1. Resistance to sugar-lowering drugs, which must be taken in the form of tablets within complex treatment;
2. Diabetes 2 and 1 degree, insulin-dependent;
3. Gestational diabetes, if there is no effect from diets;
4. Pathologies of the intercurrent type.

Isophane: analogues and other names

Trade names for insulin Isophane may be as follows:

How it works

Insulin Isophane human genetically engineered affects the body, providing a hypoglycemic effect. This drug comes into contact with receptors in the cytoplasm of the membrane cell. This creates an insulin receptor complex. Its task is to activate the metabolism that takes place inside the cells themselves, as well as help in the synthesis of the main of all existing enzymes.

The reduction in the amount of sugar in the blood takes place by increasing its transportation within the cell, as well as by reducing the rate of sugar production, assisting in the absorption process. Another advantage of human insulin is protein synthesis, activation of lithogenesis, glycogenogenesis.

The time how long this drug acts is directly proportional to the rate of absorption of the drug into the blood, and the absorption process depends on the method of administration and the dose of the drug. Therefore, the effect of this drug in different patients is different.

Traditionally, after an injection, the effect of the drug begins after 1.5 hours. The peak of efficiency falls on the moment 4 hours after the administration of the drug. The duration of action is 24 hours.

The rate of absorption of Isophane depends on the following:

1. Injection site (buttock, abdomen, thigh);
2. The concentration of the active substance;
3. Dose.

This drug is excreted by the kidneys.

How to use: indications for use

According to the instructions for the use of Isofan, it must be administered subcutaneously twice a day: in the morning and in the evening before meals (minutes before meals). The injection site must be changed every day, the used syringe should be stored at normal, normal temperature, and the new one - in the package, in the refrigerator. Rarely, this drug is injected into the muscle, and almost never intravenously, because it is a medium-acting insulin.

The dose of this drug is calculated individually for each diabetic, in consultation with your doctor. Based on the amount of sugar in the plasma and the specifics of diabetes. Medium daily dose, traditionally varies between 8-24 IU.

In case of hypersensitivity to insulin, no more than 8 IU should be taken per day, if the hormone is perceived poorly, the dose can be increased to 24 or more IU during the day. If the daily dose of the drug should exceed 0.6 IU per kilogram of the patient's body weight, then 2 injections are made at a time in different places.

• Hives;
• Hypotension;
• Temperature rise;
• Chills;
• Dyspnea;
• Hypoglycemia (fear, insomnia, pallor of the face, depression, overexcitation, sucking hunger, trembling limbs);
• diabetic acidosis;
• hyperglycemia;
• visual impairment;
• Swelling and itching at the injection site.

An overdose of this drug is fraught with hypoglycemia and coma. Exceeding the dose can be neutralized by eating foods high in carbohydrates (chocolate, candy, biscuits, sweet tea).

In case of loss of consciousness, a solution of Dextrose or Glucagon should be administered to the patient intravenously. When consciousness returns, the patient should be given a high-carbohydrate meal. This will make it possible to avoid both glycemic coma and hypoglycemic relapse.

Insulin Isofan: can it be used with other medicines

Increases the hypoglycemic effect (bringing the volume of sugar in the blood back to normal) Isofan symbiosis with:

1. Sulfonamides;
2. chloroquine;
3. ACE / MAO / carbonic anhydrase inhibitors;
4. ethanol;
5. mebendazole;
6. Means belonging to the group of anabolic steroids;
7. Fenfluramine;
8. Preparations of the tetracycline group;
9. Clofibrate;
10. drugs of the theophylline group.

The hypoglycemic effect decreases (bringing the amount of sugar in the blood back to normal) due to the symbiosis of Isofan with such drugs:

The amount of sugar in the blood decreases due to the symbiosis of insulin Isofan with thiazide and loop diuretics, with BMKK, as well as with thyroid hormones, sympathomimetics, Klondin, Danazol, sulfinpyrazone. Morphine, marijuana, alcohol and nicotine also reduce blood sugar levels. Do not drink or smoke in diabetic patients.

except joint reception inappropriate drugs with Isofan, hypoglycemia can also be provoked by factors such as:

• Switching to another medicine that maintains normal sugar levels;
• Vomiting caused by diabetes;
• Diarrhea provoked by diabetes;
• The increase in physical loads;
• Diseases that reduce the need for insulin (pituitary gland, hypothyroidism, liver failure, renal failure);
• When the patient did not eat on time;
• Change of injection site.

An incorrect dose or a long time interval between injections can cause hyperglycemia (especially in the case of type 1 diabetes). If therapy is not corrected in time, the patient may fall into a ketoacidotic coma.

A patient over sixty years of age who uses this medicine, and even more so one who has impaired thyroid, kidney, or liver function, should consult with their doctor about the dosage of insulin Isofan. The same measures should be taken if the patient suffers from hypopituitarism or Addison's disease.

Insulin Isophane: cost

The price of insulin Isofan varies from 500 to 1200 rubles per package, which includes 10 ampoules, based on the country of origin and dosage.

How to inject: special instructions

Before drawing up the medicine into the syringe, check if the solution is cloudy. It must be transparent. If there are flakes, foreign bodies, the solution became cloudy, a precipitate formed, the medicine can not be used.

The temperature of the administered drug should be at room temperature. If you currently have a cold or any other infectious disease, you should consult your doctor about the dose. When replacing the drug, you should do this under the supervision of a doctor, it is more prudent to go to the hospital.

Pregnancy, lactation and insulin Isophane

Pregnant women with diabetes can take insulin Isophane, it will not get to the fetus through the placenta. It can also be used by nursing mothers who are forced to live with this disease. It is important to know that during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, the need for insulin decreases, and in the second and third it increases.

Modern pharmaceuticals offer a variety of drugs aimed at the treatment of diabetes.

Drugs are being developed based on new substances in order to ensure a normal life for as many patients as possible. Among these drugs, one should consider a drug such as insulin Isophane.

General information, indications for use

The tool belongs to the group of insulins. Its main function is to combat the manifestations of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Made in the form of an injection suspension, the active ingredient of which is human genetically engineered insulin. Its development is based on recombinant DNA technology. The drug has an average duration of influence.

Like most drugs in this group, Isofan should be used only on the advice of a doctor. An accurate calculation of the dose is necessary so as not to provoke an attack of hypoglycemia. Therefore, patients must strictly follow the instructions.

Start using this tool only if necessary. The attending physician usually conducts an examination to make sure that such treatment is appropriate and that there are no contraindications.

It is prescribed in situations such as:

• type 1 diabetes;
• type 2 diabetes mellitus (if there are no results from the use of other drugs with a hypoglycemic effect, or if these results are too small);
• development of diabetes due to pregnancy (when glucose levels cannot be corrected with diet).

But even the presence of an appropriate diagnosis does not mean that this drug should definitely be used. He has certain contraindications, although they are few.

A strict ban applies only to patients with individual intolerance to this medication. It is also necessary to exercise caution when selecting the dosage for patients with an increased tendency to hypoglycemia.

There are several drugs based on Isophane. In fact, this is the same drug. These drugs have the same properties, they have the same side effects and contraindications, differences can only be observed in the amount of the main ingredient and in the trade name. That is, they are synonyms.

Among them are:

• Protafan;
• Humulin;
• Let's exalt;
• Gensulin;
• Insuran.

These funds are analogues of Isofan in composition. Despite their similarities, one and the same patient may experience difficulties when using any of them, and when choosing another drug, these difficulties disappear. Sometimes you have to try several different drugs before you can choose the one that is most effective in a particular case.

pharmachologic effect

The result of exposure to the substance is a decrease in the amount of glucose in the body. This is achieved by its connection with the receptors of cell membranes, during which the insulin receptor complex is formed.

Such complexes contribute to the active flow of intracellular processes and the synthesis of enzymes. The amount of sugar is reduced due to the faster pace of its movement between cells.

This ensures its absorption by muscle tissue and organs. At the same time, insulin slows down the production of glucose in the liver. Also, under its influence, the production of proteins is enhanced, the processes of glycogenogenesis and lipogenesis are activated.

The duration of the effect of the drug depends on how quickly the active substance is absorbed. This is affected by the dosage of the drug, the route of administration and the injection site. Because of this, the effect profile of the drug is unstable. Efficiency indicators can vary not only in different people, but also in one patient. In most cases, the drug begins to act 1.5 hours after the injection. The peak of its effectiveness is observed within 4-12 hours. The drug continues to affect the patient for about a day.

The onset of its action and the activity of assimilation are also determined by the dose, the concentration of the active substance and the injection site. The distribution is uneven. The substance does not have the ability to penetrate the placental barrier, as well as into breast milk. The destruction of Isofan occurs in the kidneys and liver, the excretion of most of it is carried out by the kidneys.

Instructions for use

One of the main aspects of success in treatment is following the instructions for use. medicines. Their violation leads to adverse consequences in the form of complications. That is why it is not allowed to independently make changes to the medication schedule prescribed by the doctor.

Insulin isophane is intended exclusively for subcutaneous injection (in rare cases, it is used intramuscular injection). It is advisable to do them before breakfast. The frequency of injections is 1-2 times a day, and the time for their implementation should be the same.

Doses of the drug are selected in accordance with the level of glucose. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the age of the patient, the degree of sensitivity to insulin and other features. This means that it is unacceptable to adjust the injection schedule without the orders of the attending physician.

An important nuance the use of the drug is the choice of injection site. They should not be done on the same area of ​​the body, as this can cause absorption disorders. active substances. Injections into the shoulder, femoral and gluteal zones are allowed. You can also inject the drug into the anterior abdominal wall.

Video lesson on the technique of administering insulin using a syringe pen:

Adverse reactions and overdose

The occurrence of side effects from insulin Isophane is a rare occurrence if you follow the rules. But even if they are observed, the possibility of negative reactions cannot be ruled out.

Most often occur:

In case of an overdose, the patient may have a sharp decrease in the amount of sugar in the blood, which causes hypoglycemia. Methods of relief of this condition depend on the degree of its severity. Sometimes hospitalization and treatment with medication may be required.

Insulin Isophane must be correctly combined with other drugs. Since diabetes mellitus is often complicated by other diseases, it is necessary to use different means.

But not all of them are compatible with each other. Some drugs can enhance the effect of each other, which leads to overdose and side effects.

In relation to Isofan, such means are:

• MAO and ACE inhibitors;
• beta-blockers;
• tetracyclines;
• anabolic steroid;
• means with a hypoglycemic effect;
• alcohol-containing medicines;
• sulfonamides, etc.

Usually, doctors try to avoid the combined use of insulin drugs and these drugs. But if this is not possible, it is necessary to adjust the doses of both.

There are drugs that, on the contrary, reduce the effect of the drug in question, making the treatment ineffective.

These include:

• diuretics;
• glucocorticoids;
• hormonal contraceptives;
• some types of antidepressants.

If you need to take them simultaneously with insulin, you need to select the appropriate dosage.

Caution must also be observed in relation to salicylates and reserpine, which can have both an amplifying and weakening effect.

When taking this medicine, you should stop drinking alcohol frequently. At the beginning of insulin therapy, control of mechanisms should be avoided, since the patient may be disturbed by attention and reaction speed.

You should not change this medicine to another without the knowledge of the doctor. If there are discomfort, you should inform the specialist about them and together with him determine which drug is better to use.

Insulin Isophane is prepared using genetic engineering, through the use of recombinant DNA technology. This type is distinguished by an average duration of action. Insulin injections are used for diabetes when a person's blood glucose levels are disturbed.

The action of Isofan

Insulin Isophane improves glucose uptake by tissues and accelerates protein synthesis. It also increases glycogenogenesis and lipogenesis. After administration, the rate of glucose production decreases.

Isofan is used for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with partial resistance and with resistance to hypoglycemic drugs. The only contraindication is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug and hypoglycemia.

Insulin acts on cell membrane receptors and creates an insulin receptor complex. Upon penetration into cells, this complex begins to stimulate the synthesis of enzymes and other intracellular processes. The transport of glucose increases and, accordingly, the level of sugar in the blood decreases.

Isophane begins to act approximately 1.5 hours after administration, and the maximum effect is achieved after 4 hours. The duration of action of the drug depends on the individual dose and on the composition of insulin, from 11-24 hours.

Disadvantages and side effects

Despite the positive therapeutic effect in some people, insulin Isophane can cause various adverse reactions and complications. This is due to the effect on carbohydrate metabolism.

The most common violations:

• allergic reaction - includes hives, low blood pressure and fever;
• hypoglycemia - characterized by agitation, anxiety, increased hunger and increased sweating;
• hypoglycemic coma, diabetic acidosis;
• coma (in violation of consciousness);
• immunological reaction;
• local skin reaction - redness of the skin, itching, swelling and lipodystrophy appear.

At the initial stage of insulin therapy, all signs can be of a short-term nature and disappear after a certain time after the injection.

In case of an overdose, the patient has the following symptoms:

• pallor of the skin;
• increased heart rate;
• weakness, headache;
• convulsions;
• visual impairment;
• hypoglycemic coma;
• feeling of fear;
• tremor.

First aid

If the person does not lose consciousness, dextrose is administered orally. Subcutaneously or intravenously administered hypertonic solution dextrose or glucagon. In the event of a hypoglycemic coma, about 40 ml of dextrose solution is injected intravenously until the patient completely exits the coma.

How to use insulin?

Insulin injections of Isophane must be carried out 30 or 40 minutes before a meal in order for the drug to begin its action. Insulin is injected subcutaneously 1 time (2 times) a day, and the injection site must always be changed to a new one. The required dose of the drug is calculated by the attending physician separately for each patient. The course of the disease and the level of glucose in the urine are also taken into account.

For children and people with high sensitivity to the drug, the dose should be reduced. When switching to another insulin, the patient is best hospitalized and constantly monitor glucose levels.

Immediately before injection, insulin is checked for transparency and tightness of the solution. Contraindication to use is damage to the vial, the presence of a cloudy precipitate or crystals in the solution. The temperature should be room temperature. Dose adjustment is necessary for thyroid diseases and infectious diseases.

Included in medications

VED

ONLS

A.10.A.C Insulins and their intermediate-acting analogues

IV.E10-E14.E10 Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

IV.E10-E14.E11 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

XV.O20-O29.O24 Diabetes during pregnancy

— Insulin identical to human insulin, with a fast onset effect and medium duration of action. It lowers the level of glucose in the blood, enhances its uptake by tissues, enhances lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, protein synthesis, and reduces the rate of glucose production by the liver. The onset of action is 30 minutes after administration, the maximum effect is between 2 and 8 hours, the duration of action is 24 hours.

Injection -.

Formula, chemical name: no data.

Pharmacological group: hormones and their antagonists / insulins.

Pharmacological action: hypoglycemic.

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

E10 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus E11 Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus O24 Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy

Pregnancy, lactation and insulin Isophane

Pregnant women with diabetes can take insulin Isophane, it will not get to the fetus through the placenta. It can also be used by nursing mothers who are forced to live with this disease. It is important to know that during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, the need for insulin decreases, and in the second and third it increases.

The active substance of the drug does not penetrate into breast milk and through the placental barrier, so Insulin-Isophane can be prescribed to women during the period of bearing a child and breastfeeding. It is important to accurately calculate the dose of the administered agent, since a critical increase or decrease in maternal blood sugar when using the wrong dosage is fraught with the fetus.

Important! The first 12 weeks, as a rule, the amount of insulin administered is less than in the second and third trimester.

Overdose symptoms

If an overdose of a therapeutic agent has occurred, there may be changes in mental state which are manifested by fear, depression, irritability, unusual behavior. As well as the occurrence of hypoglycemia - a decrease in blood sugar levels. Treated with dextrose or glucagon. In the case of a hypoglycemic coma, dextrose is administered to the patient until the condition stabilizes. Then a meal with a high content of carbohydrates is recommended.

Special instructions for the treatment of diabetes

It is necessary to study the instructions for the use of Insulin Isophane. Before injecting the engineered insulin Isophane subcutaneously, it is necessary to check the vial and the type of medication in order not to erroneously inject the wrong drug. If foreign bodies are found, the solution becomes cloudy, and especially if a precipitate is visible on the glass of the vial, then in no case should the drug be used - it can be toxic to the patient.

It is necessary to ensure that the temperature of the drug is at room temperature. It is imperative to change the dosage of the drug when infectious pathologies, thyroid dysfunction, Addison's syndrome, and hypopituitarism. Also, the dose of insulin is subject to correction in the manifestation of chronic renal failure and in persons who have stepped over the 65-year mark.

Sometimes hypoglycemia can occur if the patient has changed the injection site (for example, from the skin of the abdomen to the skin of the thigh). Hypoglycemia also occurs when a doctor switches a patient from animal insulin to a human-like insulin. All patients can avoid an attack of incipient hypoglycemia with carbohydrate food (for this, you must always have at least 20 g of sugar with you).

Mild hypoglycemia can be managed on its own by eating a sugar cube, candy, or carbohydrate-rich foods. Therefore, people with diabetes should always carry sugar, cookies, sweets or fruit juice with them.

In cases of severe hypoglycemia, when the patient loses consciousness, he is administered intravenously 40% dextrose solution or glucagon.

The latest genetically engineered insulin can be administered both intramuscularly and subcutaneously. When consciousness returns to a person, he needs to take food rich in carbohydrates, this will prevent the re-development of hypoglycemia.

drug interaction

Enhance the hypoglycemic effect of drugs such as sulfonamides, MAO inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Alcohol intake also enhances the hypoglycemic effect, which should always be taken into account when treating with insulin.

Weaken the sugar-lowering effect of drugs such as glucagon, somatotropin, diuretics (loopback, as well as thiazides), Clonidine hydrochloride, Danazol, Morphine, as well as marijuana and nicotine. It is undesirable to smoke during insulin therapy, since the effect of increasing glycemia reduces the effectiveness of treatment.

Insulin Isophane is sold to consumers only by prescription. Self-medication is in no case allowed. It is strictly forbidden to use such insulin after the expiration date of storage. Do not take the drug if its shelf life has expired in an open vial.

Increases the hypoglycemic effect (bringing the volume of sugar in the blood back to normal) Isofan symbiosis with:

The hypoglycemic effect decreases (bringing the amount of sugar in the blood back to normal) due to the symbiosis of Isofan with such drugs:

• Somatropin;
• epinephrine;
• Contraceptives;
• epinephrine;
• Phenytoin;
• calcium antagonists.

The amount of sugar in the blood decreases due to the symbiosis of insulin Isofan with thiazide and loop diuretics, with BMCC, as well as with thyroid hormones, sympathomimetics, Clondin, Danazol, sulfinpyrazone. Morphine, marijuana, alcohol and nicotine also reduce blood sugar levels. Do not drink or smoke in diabetic patients.

It is important to permanently change the insulin injection site to avoid lipodystrophy. It is also important to monitor your blood sugar levels to avoid overdosing or underdosing insulin.

An incorrect dose or a long time interval between injections can cause hyperglycemia (especially in the case of type 1 diabetes). If therapy is not corrected in time, the patient may fall into a ketoacidotic coma.

A patient over sixty years of age who uses this medicine, and even more so one who has impaired thyroid, kidney, or liver function, should consult with their doctor about the dosage of insulin Isofan. The same measures should be taken if the patient suffers from hypopituitarism or Addison's disease.

There are drugs that can enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin isophane, and there are those that, on the contrary, weaken it, leading to an increase in the patient's blood sugar.

The first group of medicines includes:

• tableted hypoglycemic agents;
• ACE inhibitors;
• sulfonamides;
• some antibiotics;
• anabolic steroid;
• antifungal agents;
• Theophylline;
• preparations based on lithium;
• Clofibrate.

The second group includes:

• hormones of the adrenal cortex;
• COCs;
• thyroid hormones;
• heparin;
• diuretics;
• antidepressants;
• sympathomimetics.

Important! When combining any of the drugs with insulin isophane, you should consult with your endocrinologist about the need for a dosage adjustment.

• Switching to another medicine that maintains normal sugar levels;
• Vomiting caused by diabetes;
• Diarrhea provoked by diabetes;
• The increase in physical loads;
• Diseases that reduce the need for insulin (pituitary gland, hypothyroidism, liver failure, renal failure);
• When the patient did not eat on time;
• Change of injection site.

Indications for use

This drug is taken with insulin-dependent diabetes. In this case, the treatment of the disease must be carried out for life, without deviating from the necessary scheme. Besides, human drug shown in the following cases:

• insulin-dependent diabetes (type II);
• resistance (resistance) to hypoglycemic drugs administered internally (as a combination treatment);
• intercurrent pathologies;
• surgical interventions;
• gestational diabetes mellitus(if diet therapy does not show effectiveness in its treatment).

One of the main aspects of success in treatment is adherence to instructions for the use of drugs. Their violation leads to adverse consequences in the form of complications. That is why it is not allowed to independently make changes to the medication schedule prescribed by the doctor.

Insulin isophane is intended exclusively for subcutaneous injection (in rare cases, intramuscular administration is used). It is advisable to do them before breakfast. The frequency of injections is 1-2 times a day, and the time for their implementation should be the same.

Doses of the drug are selected in accordance with the level of glucose. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the age of the patient, the degree of sensitivity to insulin and other features. This means that it is unacceptable to adjust the injection schedule without the orders of the attending physician.

An important nuance in the use of the drug is the choice of a place for injections. They should not be done on the same part of the body, as this can cause disturbances in the absorption of active substances. Injections into the shoulder, femoral and gluteal zones are allowed. You can also inject the drug into the anterior abdominal wall.

PC. The dose is determined by the doctor individually in each case based on the level of glucose in the blood, on average, the daily dose of the drug ranges from 0.5 to 1 IU / kg (depending on the individual characteristics of the patient and the level of blood glucose). The drug is usually injected subcutaneously into the thigh. Injections can also be made in the anterior abdominal wall, buttock or deltoid region of the shoulder.

The temperature of the injected insulin should correspond to room temperature.

Diabetes mellitus type 1. Diabetes mellitus type 2: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic agents, partial resistance to these drugs (during combination therapy), intercurrent diseases; type 2 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.

The temperature of the injected insulin should correspond to room temperature.

Diabetes mellitus type 1. Diabetes mellitus type 2: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic agents, partial resistance to these drugs (during combination therapy), intercurrent diseases; type 2 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.

It is necessary to change injection sites within the anatomical region to prevent the development of lipodystrophy. During insulin therapy, constant monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary. The causes of hypoglycemia, in addition to an overdose of insulin, can be: drug replacement, skipping meals, vomiting, diarrhea, increased physical activity, diseases that reduce the need for insulin (impaired liver and kidney function, hypofunction of the adrenal cortex, pituitary gland or thyroid gland), change of place injections, as well as interaction with other drugs.

Incorrect dosing or interruptions in the administration of insulin, especially in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, can lead to hyperglycemia. Usually, the first symptoms of hyperglycemia develop gradually, over several hours or days. They include the appearance of thirst, increased urination, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, redness and dryness of the skin, dry mouth, loss of appetite, the smell of acetone in the exhaled air.

If left untreated, hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus can lead to life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis. The dose of insulin should be adjusted for thyroid dysfunction, Addison's disease, hypopituitarism, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus in patients over 65 years of age. A change in the dose of insulin may also be required if the patient increases the intensity of physical activity or changes their usual diet.

Concomitant diseases, especially infections and conditions accompanied by fever, increase the need for insulin. The transition from one type of insulin to another should be carried out under the control of blood glucose levels. The drug lowers tolerance to alcohol. In connection with the initial appointment of insulin, a change in its type, or in the presence of significant physical or mental stress, a decrease in the ability to drive a car or drive various mechanisms, as well as engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require heightened attention and speed of mental and motor reactions.

Diabetes mellitus (type 1) in adults, diabetes mellitus (type 2) (in case of resistance to oral hypoglycemic agents, including partial during combination therapy; against the background of intercurrent diseases, during pregnancy).

Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Including with resistance to oral hypoglycemic agents (combination therapy). Upcoming surgical interventions (mono- or combination therapy). Intercurrent diseases. Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (with the ineffectiveness of diet therapy).

Against the background of insulin therapy, constant monitoring of blood glucose levels, concentrations of ketones and glucose in the urine is necessary. Dose adjustment is necessary when changing the diet, increased physical activity, surgical operations, infectious diseases, fever, dysfunction of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, including Addison's disease, pituitary gland (including hypopituitarism), with renal failure, progression of liver disease, during pregnancy and lactation, in people over 65 years of age.

Diabetes mellitus type 1. Diabetes mellitus type 2: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic drugs. Partial resistance to oral hypoglycemic drugs (combination therapy); diabetic ketoacidosis. Ketoacidotic and hyperosmolar coma; diabetes. Occurred during pregnancy (with the ineffectiveness of diet therapy); for intermittent use in diabetic patients on the background of infections.

The dose and route of administration of the drug is determined individually in each case, based on the content of glucose in the blood before meals and 1-2 hours after meals, as well as depending on the degree of glucosuria and the characteristics of the course of the disease. The drug is administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, 15–30 minutes before a meal. The most common route of administration is n / In diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic coma, during surgical intervention- in / in and / m.

With monotherapy, the frequency of administration is usually 3 times a day (if necessary, up to 5-6 times a day), the injection site is changed each time to avoid the development of lipodystrophy (atrophy or hypertrophy of subcutaneous fat). The average daily dose is 30-40 IU, in children - 8 IU, then in the average daily dose - 0.5-1 IU / kg or 30-40 IU 1-3 times a day, if necessary - 5-6 times a day .

The dose of s / c is determined by the specialist individually in each case. It is based on the level of glucose in the patient's blood. The average daily dose of the drug varies from 0.5 to 1 IU / kg, it depends on the level of glucose in the blood and on the individual characteristics of the patient, how he reacts to human and genetically engineered insulin isophane.

The drug is administered subcutaneously, sometimes it can be injected intramuscularly. The average dosage per day is 0.5-1 IU / kg. When carrying out manipulations, the drug should be at room temperature. An injection is made 1-2 times a day 30-45 minutes before breakfast 8-24 IU once. The place of the procedure is changed each time (thigh, buttock, anterior abdominal wall). The dosage is selected individually, based on the indicators of glucose in the blood and urine, as well as the course of the disease.

The instruction recommends that children and adults with hypersensitivity use a daily dose of up to 8 IU, and with low sensitivity it may be higher than 24 IU. Patients who have received 100 or more IUs of hormone replacement need to be hospitalized. If the patient is taking a substitute medication, blood glucose levels should be monitored. According to the instructions for use intravenous injections long-acting insulin is prohibited.

Contraindications

According to the instructions for the use of Isofan, it must be administered subcutaneously twice a day: in the morning and in the evening before meals (30-40 minutes before meals). The injection site must be changed every day, the used syringe should be stored at normal, normal temperature, and the new one - in the package, in the refrigerator. Rarely, this drug is injected into the muscle, and almost never intravenously, because it is a medium-acting insulin.

The dose of this drug is calculated individually for each diabetic, in consultation with your doctor. Based on the amount of sugar in the plasma and the specifics of diabetes. The average daily dose traditionally varies between 8-24 IU.

In case of hypersensitivity to insulin, no more than 8 IU should be taken per day, if the hormone is perceived poorly, the dose can be increased to 24 or more IU during the day. If the daily dose of the drug should exceed 0.6 IU per kilogram of the patient's body weight, then 2 injections are made at a time in different places.

An overdose of this drug is fraught with hypoglycemia and coma. Exceeding the dose can be neutralized by eating foods high in carbohydrates (chocolate, candy, biscuits, sweet tea).

In case of loss of consciousness, a solution of Dextrose or Glucagon should be administered to the patient intravenously. When consciousness returns, the patient should be given a high-carbohydrate meal. This will make it possible to avoid both glycemic coma and hypoglycemic relapse.

The tool belongs to the group of insulins. Its main function is to combat the manifestations of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Made in the form of an injection suspension, the active ingredient of which is human genetically engineered insulin. Its development is based on recombinant DNA technology. The drug has an average duration of influence.

Like most drugs in this group, Isofan should be used only on the advice of a doctor. An accurate calculation of the dose is necessary so as not to provoke an attack of hypoglycemia. Therefore, patients must strictly follow the instructions.

Start using this tool only if necessary. The attending physician usually conducts an examination to make sure that such treatment is appropriate and that there are no contraindications.

It is prescribed in situations such as:

• type 1 diabetes;
• type 2 diabetes mellitus (if there are no results from the use of other drugs with a hypoglycemic effect, or if these results are too small);
• development of diabetes due to pregnancy (when glucose levels cannot be corrected with diet).

But even the presence of an appropriate diagnosis does not mean that this drug should definitely be used. He has certain contraindications, although they are few.

A strict ban applies only to patients with individual intolerance to this medication. It is also necessary to exercise caution when selecting the dosage for patients with an increased tendency to hypoglycemia.

There are several drugs based on Isophane. In fact, this is the same drug. These drugs have the same properties, they have the same side effects and contraindications, differences can only be observed in the amount of the main ingredient and in the trade name. That is, they are synonyms.

Among them are:

• Protafan;
• Humulin;
• Let's exalt;
• Gensulin;
• Insuran.

These funds are analogues of Isofan in composition. Despite their similarities, one and the same patient may experience difficulties when using any of them, and when choosing another drug, these difficulties disappear. Sometimes you have to try several different drugs before you can choose the one that is most effective in a particular case.

Hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia.

Hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia.

Hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia.

In addition to useful qualities, the drug has such contraindications:

• hypersensitivity to components remedy;
• decrease in blood sugar and during pregnancy;
• the presence of a tumor of the pancreas, leading to excessive production of the hormone insulin (insulinoma);
• use with caution in patients over 65 years of age and those with problems with the liver and kidneys.

Insulin-isophane is not prescribed for insulin therapy in the presence of increased individual sensitivity to active components, in the presence of a hormone-secreting pancreatic tumor and with a decrease in glycemia.

The introduction of a larger dose of the drug than necessary can cause a hypoglycemic state. Its main manifestations are headache and dizziness, pathological feeling of hunger, excessive sweating. Patients complain of trembling of hands, fingers, nausea and vomiting, fear and anxiety.

Important! On examination, memory lapses, impaired coordination, disorientation in space, speech disorders can be determined.

In addition to an overdose, the etiological factors of low glycemia can be skipping the next meal, changing one insulin preparation to another, excessive physical activity, changing the injection site, simultaneous treatment with several groups of drugs.

Another side effect that may occur against the background of non-compliance with the regimen of drug administration or an incorrectly selected dose may be a hyperglycemic state. Its symptoms are as follows:

• the patient often drinks and urinates;
• bouts of nausea and vomiting;
• dizziness;
• dry skin and mucous membranes;
• sensation of acetone smell in the exhaled air.

Both conditions (hypo- and hyperglycemia) require immediate medical care and further revision of the insulin regimen.

The drug can also cause allergic reactions, which are manifested by the following syndromes:

• hives;
• angioedema;
• anaphylactic shock.

Edema, inflammatory reaction, redness, itching, hemorrhage, lipodystrophy may occur at the injection site.

There are also situations against which the use of insulin-isophane violates the ability to drive vehicles and other mechanisms. This may be due to the primary use of the drug, switching from one drug to another, the effects of stress and significant physical activity.

The use of the drug is indicated for the insulin-dependent form of diabetes. Moreover, therapy should be lifelong.

Insulin as Isophane, a human genetically engineered drug, is prescribed in such cases:

1. type 2 diabetes (insulin dependent);
2. surgical procedures;
3. resistance to hypoglycemic drugs taken orally as part of complex treatment;
4. gestational diabetes (in the absence of the effectiveness of diet therapy);
5. intercurrent pathologies.

Pharmaceutical companies produce human genetically engineered insulin under various names. The most popular are Vozulim-N, Biosulin-N, Protafan-NM, Insuran-NPKh, Gensulin-N.

Other types of insulin Isofan are also used with the following trade names:

• Insumal;
• Humulin (NPH);
• Pensulin;
• Isophane insulin NM (Protafan);
• Actrafan;
• Insulidd N;
• Biogulin N;
• Protafan-NM Penifill.

It is worth noting that the use of any synonym of Insulin Isofan should be agreed with the doctor.

According to the instructions for the use of Isofan, it must be administered subcutaneously twice a day: in the morning and in the evening before meals (minutes before meals). The injection site must be changed every day, the used syringe should be stored at normal, normal temperature, and the new one - in the package, in the refrigerator. Rarely, this drug is injected into the muscle, and almost never intravenously, because it is a medium-acting insulin.

• Hives;
• Hypotension;
• Temperature rise;
• Chills;
• Dyspnea;
• Hypoglycemia (fear, insomnia, pallor of the face, depression, overexcitation, sucking hunger, trembling limbs);
• diabetic acidosis;
• hyperglycemia;
• visual impairment;
• Swelling and itching at the injection site.

Price

Prices for Isofan in Moscow pharmacies range from 500 to 1200 rubles, depending on the dosage and manufacturer.

Among the drugs used in diabetes, one of the best is insulin Isophane. The drug contains human genetically engineered insulin with an average duration of action.

The tool is available in various forms. It is administered in three ways - subcutaneously, intramuscularly and intravenously. This allows the patient to choose for himself the best option for controlling the level of glycemia.

The price of insulin Isofan varies from 500 to 1200 rubles per package, which includes 10 ampoules, based on the country of origin and dosage.