Pentoxifylline drip instructions for use. Complete instructions for using pentoxifylline. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties

Read the official information about the drug Pentoxifylline, the instructions for use of which include general information and treatment plan. The text is provided for informational purposes only and cannot serve as a substitute for medical advice.

The drug Pentoxifylline is an antispasmodic. Taking it allows you to improve microcirculation, have an antiaggregation, angioprotective effect, and dilate blood vessels. Pentoxifylline has a positive effect on the rheological characteristics of blood, improves microcirculation at a moderate level, saturates with energy potential and increases the concentration of cAFM in platelets, causes vasodilation, inhibits phosphodiesterase, and has no effect on heart rate.

Composition and release form

Release form of the medicine:

Pills.
Injection.
Rectal suppositories.

Composition of the medicine in tablet form

The active ingredient of the drug is pentoxifylline.
Additional components of the medicine are: potato starch, lactose, titanium dioxide, magnesium stearate, propien glycol, povidone, hypromellose, talc, carmosine, etc.

Available in 100 mg and 400 mg tablets active substance.

Pentoxifylline - instructions for use in various dosage forms

Pentoxifylline: use in tablet form

The dosage of the medicine must be strictly regulated by the doctor. Self-administration of Pentoxifylline is excluded. As a rule, a Pentoxifylline tablet is taken after meals, twice a day, 800-1200 mg (i.e., 2-3 tablets at a time). At the beginning of treatment daily dose of the drug (in tablet form) should not exceed 600 mg. As treatment progresses daily dosage increases by 300 mg per day. Long-acting forms of the drug must be used twice a day.

Pentoxifylline: use as a solution

Pentoxifylline solution and solution concentrate for intravenous administration contain 20 mg of the substance per 1 m of liquid. According to the instructions, Pentoxifylline solution can be administered intraarterially or intramuscularly with the patient in a supine position. For kidney pathologies, the dosage should be reduced to 50-60% of the traditional daily dose. The intravenous solution must be administered slowly. The calculation is carried out according to the following scheme: 50 mg per 10 ml of sodium chloride 0.9%. The duration of administration is 10 minutes, then you need to switch to administration by dropper: 100 mg of the drug is diluted in 250-500 ml of sodium chloride or in a 5% dextrose solution.

For intra-arterial administration, 100 mg of solution must be diluted in 20-50 ml of sodium chloride. Pentoxifylline solution is administered intramuscularly three times a day, 100-200 mg.

Use of Pentoxifylline in chronic discircular encephalopathy

The use of Pentoxifylline is indicated in the treatment of chronic dyscirculatory encephalopathy. The disease is expressed in progressive disorders of brain function caused by insufficient blood supply. Pentoxifylline is used in this case as part of complex therapy. Together with drugs that improve microcirculation, reduce platelet aggregation, and improve blood fluidity.

When treating outside a hospital, the doctor prescribes the use of Pentoxifylline tablets: in the first days, 2 tablets 3 times a day, in the middle of the course - 3 tablets 3 times a day. After achieving the desired therapeutic effect, the dosage is again reduced to 2 tablets. The duration of treatment is determined individually. Usually it is 1 month. At inpatient treatment The drug is best administered intravenously through a drip. For this disease, the recommended dosage of Pentoxifylline is 1 ampoule per 250 ml of sodium chloride or glucose solution. The dose should be administered into the patient’s body within 1.5-2 hours, i.e. as slowly as possible.

If the patient tolerates Pentoxifylline well, then the daily dose, if indicated, can be increased to 0.2-0.3 g.

Indications, contraindications, side effects of Pentoxifylline

Indications for use of Pentoxifylline

Instructions for use of Pentoxifylline include the use this drug for the following diseases and conditions:

Peripheral blood supply disorders;
Raynaud's disease;
Violation of tissue trophism;
Gangrene;
Body rejection;
Postthrombotic syndrome;
Obliterating endarteritis;
Trophic ulcers of the leg;
Cerebral atherosclerosis;
Phlebeurysm;
Viral neuroinfection;
Encephalopathy;
Previous myocardial infarction;
Bronchial asthma;
Cardiac ischemia;
Disturbances in the blood supply to the vascular membranes of the eye and retina;
Impotence of vascular origin;
Otosclerosis.

Contraindications for the use of Pentoxifylline

Pentoxifylline is not prescribed:

In acute myocardial infarction;
If you are intolerant to xanthine derivatives;
Hemorrhagic stroke;
Porphyria;
Retinal hemorrhages;
Pregnancy and lactation;
Massive blood loss.

The instructions note that the drug is prohibited from being administered intravenously if its course and development are uncontrolled. arterial hypertension, with arrhythmia, atherosclerosis of coronary and cerebral arteries pronounced character.

In extreme cases and if indicated, Pentoxifylline is prescribed in the following cases:

Postoperative period;
Unstable blood pressure;
Ulcerative lesions of the digestive system and gastrointestinal tract;
Chronic heart failure;
Pathologies of the hepatic and renal systems.

Pentoxifylline: side effects

From the outside nervous system: anxiety, seizures, headaches, dizziness.

From the skin: swelling, high fragility of the nail plates, “flushes” to the skin of the body and face, hyperemia of the skin.

From the digestive system: exacerbation of cholecystitis, cholestatic hepatitis, loss of appetite, intestinal atony, dry mouth, severe thirst.

From the side of the heart vascular system: tachycardia, arrhythmia, progression and development of angina, decreased blood pressure.

In addition, in some cases, the following are observed: visual disturbances, intestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenia, scotoma, anaphylactic shock, allergic reactions, increased activity of liver enzymes and alkaline phosphatase levels.

Pentoxifylline: overdose symptoms

Taking excessive doses of the drug can cause a drop in blood pressure, tachycardia, dizziness, hyperthermia, fainting, tonic-clinical convulsions, severe agitation, vomiting, areflexia.

In case of overdose, it is necessary to immediately rinse the digestive system, drink enterosorbing drugs, and observe symptomatic therapy. If bleeding is observed after an overdose, immediate measures must be taken to stop it.

How long can Pentoxifylline be used?

The duration of taking Pentoxifylline according to the instructions ranges from several days to several weeks. The drug must be taken in courses that were regulated by the attending physician. If after using the drug any negative reactions begin to appear, then the use of Pentoxifylline should be excluded.

Use of Pentoxifylline during pregnancy

The instructions for use of Pentoxifylline state that the drug is prohibited for use during pregnancy, since it has not undergone appropriate studies. In some cases, Pentoxifylline can be prescribed by the attending physician after the 20th week of pregnancy. The medicine is prescribed for fetoplacental insufficiency, when certain disturbances in the mother-placenta-fetus circulatory system are observed. This is extremely dangerous condition, potentially leading to disturbances in the development of a number of organs (especially the nervous system).

If the blood supply to the placenta is disrupted, it begins to degrade. In this case, Pentoxifylline improves blood fluidity and dilates small vessels, while preventing platelets and red blood cells from sticking together, so the blood becomes more fluid. The decision to use Pentoxifylline during pregnancy can only be made by an experienced doctor.

Pentoxifylline: use for children

The drug can be prescribed to children aged 12 years and older. If necessary, prescribe medication younger age, must be found adequate analogues, approved for use. Children over 12 years of age are prescribed to take the drug according to a simplified regimen and in a reduced dosage. The dose of use should be determined by a qualified doctor depending on the child’s condition and his test results.

Medicinal effects of Pentoxifylline

The use of Pentoxifylline can increase the lumen coronary arteries, which significantly increases the volume of oxygen supplied to the myocardium (antianginal effect), dilates the pulmonary vessels, which has a positive effect on blood oxygenation. The drug also increases the tone of the respiratory muscles, intercostal muscles, and diaphragm. At intravenous administration Pentoxifylline, increased collateral circulation, an increase in the volume of blood flowing through a sectional unit. The drug has a positive effect on the activity of the nervous system and bioelectrical activity, increases the level of ATP in the brain.

The use of Pentoxifylline increases the elasticity of red blood cells (due to the effect on the pathological deformation of red blood cells), reduces blood viscosity, and ensures platelet disaggregation. In areas with impaired blood supply, Pentoxifylline significantly improves microcirculation. The drug also helps when it is necessary to eliminate cramps and pain in the calf muscles ah, increases the total walking distance in case of intermittent claudication (occlusive damage to peripherally located arteries).

The main active ingredients of Pentoxifylline are absorbed quite quickly and are excreted as metabolites in urine and feces. The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood is observed one hour after administration.

Interaction of Pentoxifylline with other drugs

The instructions for use of Pentoxifylline state that Pentoxifylline enhances the effect of drugs whose action is aimed at improving blood clotting (anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents), valproic acid and antibiotics. Pentoxifylline can increase the effectiveness of insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and antihypertensive medications.

Russian and foreign analogues of Pentoxifylline

Complete coincidence of active ingredients and ATC code is observed in the following Pentoxifylline analogues: Vazonit, Latren, Agapurin, Penilin, Pentoxifarm, Trental, Pentoxifylline NAN.

Vazonit - an analogue of Pentoxifylline

The Pentoxifylline analog Vazonit has antiaggregation, angioprotective, and vasodilating effects. The use of the drug improves rheological parameters and blood microcirculation, promotes the accumulation of cAMP in organs and tissues due to inhibition of phosphodiesterase, inhibits the aggregation of erythrocytes and platelets, increases the elasticity of the membrane, and reduces the amount of fibrinogen in the plasma.

Analogue - Latren

Latren is a medicine that can improve rheological parameters and blood microcirculation. The main active ingredient of the drug is pentoxifylline. This analogue eliminates spasms of smooth muscles of blood vessels and internal organs.

Agapurin - analogue

Agapurin has an antiaggregation, vasodilator effect, improves microcirculation. The mechanism of action of the drug is associated with inhibition of phosphodiesterase and an increase in the concentration of cAMP in platelets with saturation of the energy potential of erythrocytes and platelets.

Price for Pentoxifylline

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Pentoxifylline

Compound

Active ingredient: Pentoxifylline.

The tablets contain 100 and 400 mg of this substance.

Additional elements: titanium dioxide, lactose, potato starch, propylene glycol, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, povidone, methacrylate copolymer dispersion, talc, carmoisin.

The solution concentrate and Pentoxifylline solution for intravenous and intravenous administration contain 20 mg of the substance per 1 ml. The solution for infusion may also contain 2 mg per 1 ml.

Release form

Tablet form, as well as solution concentrates and solutions for intravenous and intravenous administration in ampoules.

pharmachologic effect

Antispasmodic. Improves microcirculation, has angioprotective, antiaggregation effects. Dilates blood vessels.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The medication has a positive effect on the relogical properties of blood, moderately improves microcirculation, saturates with energy potential and increases the concentration of cAMP in platelets, inhibits phosphodiesterase, causes vasodilation, and does not affect heart rate. The drug increases the lumen of the coronary arteries, which significantly increases the amount of oxygen supplied to the myocardium (antianginal effect); dilates pulmonary vessels, which improves blood oxygenation. The drug increases the tone of the diaphragm, intercostal muscles and respiratory muscles. When administered intravenously, collateral circulation increases and increases the volume of blood flowing through a sectional unit. Pentoxifylline has a positive effect on the bioelectrical activity and activity of the nervous system, increases the level of ATP in the brain. The use of the drug increases the elasticity of red blood cells (due to the effect on the pathological deformability of red blood cells), causes platelet disaggregation, and reduces blood viscosity. In areas with impaired blood supply, the drug significantly improves microcirculation. Pentoxifylline eliminates pain and cramps in the calf muscles, allows you to increase the walking distance with intermittent claudication (occlusive damage to peripherally located arteries).

Absorbed quickly. Most of it is excreted in the urine as metabolites, less - in feces. The maximum concentration of the substance is reached an hour after application.

What are the tablets and solution for? The drug is prescribed for disturbances in the peripheral blood supply, tissue trophism, Raynaud's disease, obliterating endarteritis, postthrombotic syndrome, frostbite, gangrene, trophic ulcers of the leg, varicose veins, cerebral atherosclerosis, viral neuroinfection, discirculatory encephalopathy. Also, indications for the use of Pentoxifylline are: previous myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma, acute disturbances in the blood supply to the retina, choroid, otosclerosis, impotence of vascular origin.

Contraindications

Pentoxifylline is not prescribed for intolerance to xanthine derivatives, porphyria, acute myocardial infarction, hemorrhagic stroke, massive blood loss, pregnancy, retinal hemorrhages, and breastfeeding. Intravenous injections drugs are unacceptable in case of uncontrolled flow arterial hypotension, atherosclerosis of the cerebral and coronary arteries of a pronounced nature, with arrhythmia. In case of instability of blood pressure, after surgical interventions, with ulcerative lesions of the digestive system, chronic heart failure, renal and hepatic systems the drug is prescribed with caution.

Side effects

Nervous system: convulsive syndrome, anxiety, dizziness, headaches.

Skin: increased fragility of the nail plates, swelling, hyperemia of the skin, “flushes” to the skin of the face and body.

Digestive system: cholestatic hepatitis, exacerbation of cholecystitis, intestinal atony, decreased appetite, dry mouth.

Cardiac system: cardialgia, arrhythmia, tachycardia, drop in blood pressure, progression of angina.

Possible disturbance of visual perception, scotoma, thrombocytopenia, intestinal bleeding, allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock, increased activity of liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase.

Instructions for use of Pentoxifylline (Method and dosage)

Pentoxifylline solution, instructions for use

The drug in ampoules is administered intramuscularly and intraarterially with the patient lying down.

In case of pathology of the renal system, the dosage is reduced to 50-70 percent of the standard dose.

Intravenously administered slowly, calculated according to the scheme: 50 mg for every 10 ml of sodium chloride 0.9%, administered for 10 minutes, after which they switch to administration by dropper: 100 mg diluted in 250-500 ml of sodium chloride 0.9% or dextrose solution 5 %.

Intra-arterial: 100 mg diluted in 20-50 ml of sodium chloride.

100-200 mg is administered intramuscularly three times a day.

Pentoxifylline tablets, instructions for use

In addition to parenteral administration, it is permissible to take the drug orally after meals, twice a day, 800-1200 mg. The initial daily dosage in tablet form is 600 mg, gradually the amount of the drug is reduced to 300 mg per day. Long-acting forms of the drug are taken twice a day.

Overdose

Taking increased doses of the drug Pentoxifylline causes a drop in blood pressure, dizziness, tachycardia, fainting, hyperthermia, agitation, tonic-clonic convulsions, areflexia, vomiting “coffee grounds” and other signs of bleeding from the digestive tract. Timely rinsing of the digestive system, taking enterosorbents, and symptomatic therapy are required. If bleeding develops, emergency measures are taken to stop the bleeding.

Interaction

Pentoxifylline is able to enhance the effectiveness of medications that affect the functioning of the blood coagulation system (thrombolytic agents, anticoagulants), antibacterial drugs, valproic acid. Pentoxifylline increases the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin, and antihypertensive medications. Cimetidine can increase the level of the drug in the blood, which means the risk of developing side effects. When administered together with other xanthines, nervous excitement is noted.

Terms of sale

Requires a prescription.

Storage conditions

Keep out of the reach of children at a temperature of no more than 30 degrees Celsius.

Best before date

No more than 3 years.

special instructions

Treatment with Pentoxifylline is carried out under the control of blood pressure. In patients with diabetes mellitus, additional dosage adjustments of hypoglycemic agents taken are required. When prescribing anticoagulants simultaneously, control over the blood coagulation system is required. In patients after surgical interventions, hemoglobin and hematocrit are monitored. In case of instability blood pressure the dose of the drug is reduced. Tobacco smoke reduces the effectiveness of the drug. The compatibility of infusion solutions with Pentoxifylline must be checked before each infusion.

Pentoxifylline is often used in bodybuilding and sports. This is due to the fact that the drug improves blood circulation, causing a strong “pumping” that can last for several hours. However, you should remember that this is a medicinal product, and you should not joke with your health by uncontrollably taking such medications.

Recipe in Latin:

Rp.: Tab. Pentoxyphillini 0.1 No. 60 D.S. 1 tab. 3 times a day

Pentoxifylline analogs

A complete match of the ATC code and the active ingredients was recorded for the following Pentoxifylline analogues: Agapurin, Vazonit, Latren, Pentilin, Pentoxifarm, Pentoxifylline NAS, Trental.

Reviews of Pentoxifylline

Based on many opinions, we can conclude that the drug is truly effective in helping to cope with problems of the vascular system. Effectively helps with improving blood circulation.

Often and effectively used for obliterating endarteritis.

Reviews of Pentoxifylline during pregnancy

Although the drug is contraindicated during this period of life (due to a lack of research), doctors often prescribe it for feto-placental insufficiency, for example, a Pentoxifylline drip during pregnancy. The opinions of those who used the medicine were generally positive; no side effects were noticed.

Pentoxifylline price, where to buy

The price of Pentoxifylline in 0.1 g tablets ranges from 85 to 130 rubles per pack of 60 pieces.

The price of Pentoxifylline ampoules 2%, 5 ml each, is 40 rubles for 10 pieces.

Online pharmacies in RussiaRussia
Online pharmacies in UkraineUkraine
Online pharmacies in KazakhstanKazakhstan

WER.RU

Pentoxifylline SR Zentiva tablets 400 mg 20 pcs. Saneka Pharmaceuticals a.s.
Pentoxifylline tablets 100 mg 60 pcs.
Pentoxifylline tablets 100 mg 60 pcs. Zentiva [Zentiva]

ZdravZone

Pentoxifylline 2% solution for injection 5ml No. 5 ampoulesOzon LLC
Pentoxifylline 400 mg No. 20 tabletsShreya Life Sciences Pvt.Ltd
Pentoxifylline Zentiva 100 mg No. 60 tablets Saneka Pharmaceuticals a.s.
Pentoxifylline SR Zentiva 400 mg No. 20 tablets Saneka Pharmaceuticals a.s.
Pentoxifylline SR Zentiva 600 mg No. 20 tablets Saneka Pharmaceuticals a.s.

Pharmacy IFC

Pentoxifylline-SZNorthern Star ZAO, Russia
Pentoxifylline Borisovsky ZMP (Borisov), Belarus

Pharmacy24

Pentoxifylline Darnitsa (Ukraine, Kyiv)
PentoxifyllineHealth (Ukraine, Kharkov)
Pentoxifylline tablets 0.2g No. 20 Darnitsa (Ukraine, Kyiv)
Pentoxifylline tablets 0.1g No. 50 Tekhnolog (Ukraine, Uman)

PaniPharmacy

Pentoxifylline tablet. 0.1g No. 30Technolog
Pentoxifylline tablet. 0.1g No. 30Technolog
Pentoxifylline solution d/in. 2% amp. 5ml No. 10Health

BIOSPHERE

Pentoxifylline 2%/5 ml No. 5 solution d/in.amp.

NOTE! Information about medications on the site is for reference and general information, collected from publicly available sources and cannot serve as a basis for making a decision on the use of medications in the course of treatment. Before using the drug Pentoxifylline, be sure to consult with your doctor.

medside.ru

Pentoxifylline - instructions for use, indications, doses, analogues

Pentoxifylline – medicine with vasodilating, antiaggregation, angioprotective effects, helping to improve microcirculation.

Release form and composition

Dosage forms of release of the drug Pentoxifylline:

Solution for intravenous and intra-arterial administration 20 mg/ml: transparent, colorless or slightly yellowish (in ampoules of 5 ml, 5 or 10 ampoules in blister or plastic packages (pallets), 1 or 2 packages (pallets) in a cardboard box );
Solution for injection 20 mg/ml (in ampoules of 5 ml, 3, 5 or 10 ampoules in blister or plastic packaging (pallets), 1-4 packages (pallets) in a cardboard box or 5 or 10 ampoules in a cardboard box pack);
Solution for infusion 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.2%: transparent, colorless (in polymer containers of 100, 250 or 500 ml);
Concentrate for the preparation of solution for infusion 20 mg/ml (in ampoules of 5 ml, 5 ampoules in blisters or strip packs, 1 or 2 blisters or packs in a cardboard box, ampoule knife included);
Concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous and intra-arterial administration 20 mg/ml: slightly yellowish or colorless, transparent (in ampoules of 5 ml, 5 or 10 ampoules complete with an ampoule knife in a cardboard box, or 5 or 10 ampoules in contour cell or plastic packages (pallets), 1 or 2 packages (pallets) in a cardboard box complete with an ampoule knife);
Retard tablets, coated film-coated: pink, capsule-shaped, on one side there is a break line (in contour blister packs of 10 or 20 pcs., 1-6 or 10 packs in a cardboard box);
Tablets coated with an enteric coating: biconvex, pink, two layers are visible on the cross section (in blister packs of 10 or 20 pcs., 1-6 or 10 packs in a cardboard pack; in dark polymer or glass jars of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 pcs., 1 can in a cardboard box).

Composition of 1 ml solution for intravenous and intraarterial administration:

Additional components: monosodium phosphate, sodium chloride, water for injection.

Composition of 1 ml solution for injection:

Active substance: Pentoxifylline – 20 mg;

Composition of 1 ml solution for infusion:

Active substance: pentoxifylline – 0.4, 0.8 or 2 mg;
Additional components: sodium chloride, water for injection.

Composition of 1 ml of concentrate for the preparation of solution for infusion:

Active substance: pentoxifylline – 20 mg;
Additional components: water for injection.

Composition of 1 ml of concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous and intra-arterial administration:

Active substance: pentoxifylline – 20 mg;
Additional components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide solution 0.1 M, water for injection.

Composition of 1 film-coated retard tablet:

Active substance: pentoxifylline – 400 mg;
Additional components and shell: ethylcellulose, magnesium stearate, dibasic calcium phosphate, talc, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, diethyl phthalate, titanium dioxide, carmoisin varnish.

Composition of 1 enteric-coated tablet:

Active substance: pentoxifylline – 100 mg;
Additional components: talc, lactose (milk sugar), carmoisine (azorubine), povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), potato starch, stearic acid, copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate 1:1 (collicut MAE-100 R), polyethylene oxide-4000 (macrogol-4000 ), titanium dioxide (pigment titanium dioxide).

Indications for use

Angioneuropathy (paresthesia, Raynaud's disease);
Peripheral circulatory disorders that are caused by inflammatory processes, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis;
Violations cerebral circulation ischemic type (acute and chronic course);
Obliterating endarteritis;
Chronic, acute and subacute circulatory failure in the retina or choroid eyes;
Trophic tissue disorders associated with disturbances of venous or arterial microcirculation (frostbite, trophic ulcers, gangrene, postthrombophlebitic syndrome);
Hearing impairment with vascular etiology;
Encephalopathy of atherosclerotic and dyscirculatory etiology.

Contraindications

Absolute:

Myocardial infarction ( acute course);
Retinal hemorrhages;
Severe atherosclerosis (coronary or cerebral);
Massive bleeding;
Hemorrhagic stroke (acute course);
Severe heart rhythm disturbances;
Age up to 18 years;
Pregnancy and lactation period;
Hypersensitivity to the components included in the drug, as well as other methylxanthines.

Relative (Pentoxifylline should be prescribed with caution in the presence of the following conditions/diseases):

Tendency to arterial hypotension and labile blood pressure (the doctor sets the dosage regimen individually, the dose should be increased gradually);
Gastric ulcer and duodenum;
Expressed functional disorders kidneys (the doctor sets the dosage regimen individually, the dose should be increased gradually);
Recent surgery (there is a high probability of bleeding).

Directions for use and dosage

Solution for infusion and solution for intravenous and intra-arterial administration Intra-arterial administration: speed - 10 mg per minute; the initial dose is 100 mg of the drug (in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution with a volume of 20-50 ml), then the dose is increased to 200-300 mg (in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution with a volume of 30-50 ml).

Intravenous Pentoxifylline is administered slowly by drip over 90-180 minutes:

Solution for infusion: dose – 50-100 mg, if necessary – 200 mg (maximum per day – 300 mg). During administration, the patient should be in a supine position;
Solution for intravenous and intra-arterial administration: dose – 100 mg of the drug in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose (dextrose) solution in a volume of 250-500 ml. In cases of severe cerebral atherosclerosis, administration of the drug into carotid artery forbidden.

Patients with chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 30 ml per minute) require a dose reduction of 30-50%.

For the treatment of diabetic or atherosclerotic lesions V chronic form carry out a course of intravenous infusions every other day or daily.

Pentoxifylline tablets are taken orally, without chewing or breaking (entirely), with water, preferably after meals.

As a rule, enteric-coated tablets are prescribed in 2 pieces. 3 times a day. The average daily dose is 600 mg, the maximum is 1200 mg. Most often, after 1-2 weeks, the single dose is reduced to 1 tablet, while the frequency of taking Pentoxifylline remains unchanged.

The duration of the therapeutic course is determined individually by the doctor; as a rule, it is 1-3 months.

For chronic renal failure(creatine clearance is less than 10 ml per minute) it is necessary to reduce the dose by 2 times.

Pentoxifylline in extended release dosage forms Usually prescribed with a dosage frequency of 2 times a day, the duration of the therapeutic course is from 2-3 weeks or more.

Side effects

Central nervous system: anxiety, dizziness, convulsions, sleep disturbances, headache;
Digestive system: loss of intestinal tone (atony), dry mouth, decreased appetite, hepatitis occurring with intrahepatic cholestasis, exacerbation of cholecystitis;
Cardiovascular system: arrhythmia, tachycardia, low blood pressure, cardialgia, progression of angina pectoris;
The hemostatic system and hematopoietic organs: thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, leukopenia, bleeding from the vessels of the skin, mucous membranes of the intestines and/or stomach;
Sense organs: visual impairment, visual field defect that does not reach its boundaries (scotoma);
Skin and subcutaneous fat: swelling, increased brittleness of nails, flushing of the facial skin, rush of blood to the skin of the face and upper part chest;
Allergic reactions: skin hyperemia, angioedema, urticaria, itching, anaphylactic shock;
Laboratory indicators: increased activity of liver transaminases (lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase) and alkaline phosphatase;
Others: aseptic meningitis (rare).

If the first symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction develop, it is necessary to immediately stop using the drug.

During therapy, blood counts should be regularly monitored, which is associated with reports of bleeding (in the mucous membranes, skin, gastrointestinal tract), thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia.

special instructions

At joint use with anticoagulants, it is necessary to carefully monitor blood coagulation parameters.

The compatibility of Pentoxifylline with infusion solutions must be checked individually.

Patients with severe renal impairment require careful monitoring of their condition.

In cases of hemorrhage in retina eyes, treatment is canceled immediately.

After recent surgical interventions, it is necessary to systematically monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.

Therapy, especially intra-arterial and intravenous administration of Pentoxifylline, should be carried out under the control of blood pressure. For patients with unstable or low blood pressure, the administered dose is reduced.

In case of chronic heart failure, circulatory compensation should be achieved before starting the course.

Prescribing Pentoxifylline in large doses to patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing therapy with hypoglycemic drugs can lead to hypoglycemia (such patients require dose adjustment).

In smoking patients, the therapeutic effectiveness of Pentoxifylline may be reduced.

In some cases, elderly patients are prescribed the drug in reduced doses (due to a decrease in the rate of elimination of the active substance and an increase in its bioavailability).

Drug interactions

The combined use of Pentoxifylline with certain drugs/substances can lead to the development of the following effects:

Cimetidine: the concentration of pentoxifylline in the blood plasma increases and, as a result, the likelihood of developing adverse reactions;
Valproic acid, heparin, theophylline, fibrinolytic drugs, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic agents (insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents), drugs that affect the blood coagulation system (anticoagulants, thrombolytics), antibiotic drugs (including cephalosporins): their effect is enhanced;
Other xanthines: excessive nervous stimulation develops.

Analogs

Analogues of Pentoxifylline are: Agapurin, Vazonit, Latren, Pentilin, Pentoxifarm, Pentoxifylline NAN, Pentoxifylline Zentiva, Pentoxifylline-Eskom, Pentoxifylline-Darnitsa, Trental, Trental 400, Trenpental, Flexital.

Terms and conditions of storage

Store in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children.

Best before date:

Retard tablets – 3 years at temperatures up to 25 °C;
Enteric-coated tablets – 2 years at temperatures up to 30 °C;
Concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous and intra-arterial administration, solutions for injections, infusions, intravenous and intra-arterial administration - 2 years at temperatures up to 25 °C.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

Dispensed by prescription.

www.neboleem.net

Pentoxifylline

Pentoxifylline is a drug from the group of angioprotectors, the action of which is based on the restoration of blood microcirculation in the capillaries. The drug contains the substance of the same name, pentoxifylline. This medicine has two forms of release:

Tablets of 100 mg of active ingredient each;
Solution for injection 2%, 5 ml – 1 ml contains 20 mg of active substance.

Indications for use of Pentoxifylline

Pentoxifylline is indicated for diseases of various human organs and organ systems, including diseases spinal column. These are such as:

Contraindications to the use of Pentoxifylline

Pentoxifylline is contraindicated for prescription and use in the following conditions and diseases of the patient:

Children under 18 years of age;
Recent surgery (less than a week ago);
Lactation period;
Heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmia);
Pregnancy at any stage;
Kidney failure;
Allergy to the drug and its components;
Tendency to external and internal bleeding;
Stomach and duodenal ulcers;
Myocardial infarction, acute period;
Liver failure;
Heart failure;
Low blood pressure (hypotension).

How Pentoxifylline works

Once in the patient’s blood, Pentoxifylline reaches the affected capillaries. There active substance This drug helps restore the elasticity of the walls of red blood cells, reduces the increased coagulability of platelets, improves the rheology (fluidity) of blood by reducing its viscosity. Also, the walls of blood vessels expand somewhat due to a decrease in spasm in them.

Pentoxifylline normalizes and restores metabolism in tissues, stabilizes gas exchange. Blood flow through vessels spinal cord after a stroke, it quickly returns to normal, and nerve conduction is restored (this is possible due to proper nutrition and blood supply nerve endings in the affected area).

Instructions for use of Pentoxifylline

Pentoxifylline in tablet form

Pentoxifylline tablets are recommended to be taken orally, without chewing, after meals, with a sufficient amount of liquid, 100-400 mg 2-3 times a day. The maximum permissible daily dosage is 1200 mg of the drug (12 tablets). The course of treatment is selected individually and can vary from 2 weeks to several months.

Pentoxifylline in the form of a solution for injection

The injection solution is intended exclusively for intravenous administration (drip or stream). To prepare a dropper with the drug, mix physiological solution (0.9% sodium chloride) or 5% glucose with 1-6 ampoules of Pentoxifylline and administer this mixture over one hour. Frequency of administration – 1-2 times a day. The maximum daily dosage is 12 ampoules (1200 mg).

For jet administration, 1 ampoule (5 ml) is administered over 5 minutes 1-2 times a day, without diluting.

Side effects of Pentoxifylline

In extremely rare cases, Pentoxifylline may cause side effects. The main ones include the following:

Stomach ache;
Visual impairment;
Vomiting accompanied by nausea;
Convulsions;
Diarrhea, constipation or their alternation;
Increased nervousness;
An attack of angina (short-term compressive pain behind the sternum);
Insomnia at night and drowsiness during the day;
Increased heart rate;
Dizziness;
Reduced blood pressure;
Anaphylactic shock;
Itchy skin;
Headache;
Quincke's edema.

If one or more side effects occur, you should stop taking Pentoxifylline, consult your doctor, rinse your stomach and, if necessary, take symptomatic medications.

If the prescribed dosage of the drug is not observed, the following symptoms may develop:

Increased heart rate;
Nausea;
Increased body temperature;
Vomiting “coffee grounds” (a sign of stomach bleeding);
Convulsions;
Decrease in blood pressure numbers;
Fainting;
Dizziness.

If signs of an overdose of Pentoxifylline occur, it is necessary to rinse the stomach, take symptomatic medications and enterosorbents.

special instructions

During pregnancy and lactation, Pentoxifylline is contraindicated. This is due to the lack of data on the effect of the drug on the fetus and child development.

For children under 18 years of age, the use of the drug is contraindicated because there is no reliable data on its effect on the development of the child.

Drinking alcoholic beverages does not affect the properties of Pentoxifylline.

Pentoxifylline analogs

Trental, Agapurin, Latren, Pentilin, Vazonit.

Instructions for medical use

medicine

Pentoxifylline

Tradename

Pentoxifylline

International nonproprietary name

Pentoxifylline

Dosage form

Solution for injection 2%, 5 ml

One ampoule contains

active substance- pentoxifylline

(in terms of 100% substance) 100.0 mg,

Excipients: sodium chloride, water for injection.

Description

Transparent, colorless or slightly yellowish liquid.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Peripheral vasodilators. Purines.

PBX code C04AD03

pharmachologic effect

Pharmacokinetics

Pentoxifylline binds to red blood cell membranes. It undergoes biotransformation first in erythrocytes, then in the liver with the formation of two main metabolites: 1-5-hydroxyhexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine and 1-3-carboxypropyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine. Bioavailability - 6-32%. The maximum concentration is achieved within 1 hour. The half-life is approximately 1 hour. After 24 hours, most of the dose is excreted in the urine in the form of metabolites, a smaller part through the intestines, and can be excreted through breast milk.

The elimination of pentoxifylline is reduced in elderly patients and with liver disease.

At severe violations renal function, the excretion of metabolites is slowed down.

Pharmacodynamics

Pentoxifylline is a drug that improves microcirculation and has an angioprotective effect. Dimethylxanthine derivative. Pentoxifylline reduces blood viscosity and increases the elasticity of red blood cells, improves microcirculation and increases the concentration of oxygen in tissues. The increase in the elasticity of erythrocytes is apparently due to inhibition of phosphodiesterase and, as a result, an increase in the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphoric acid in erythrocytes with a decrease in the concentration of intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscles and in blood cells. A decrease in blood viscosity may be a consequence of a decrease in plasma fibrinogen concentration and suppression of erythrocyte and platelet aggregation.

It has a weak myotropic vasodilator effect, slightly reduces total peripheral vascular resistance and has a moderate positive inotropic effect. Slightly dilates coronary vessels. Helps improve oxygen supply to tissues, most notably in the extremities and central nervous system. With occlusion of the affected peripheral arteries (intermittent claudication), it leads to lengthening of walking distances, elimination of night cramps of the calf muscles and pain at rest.
In case of cerebral circulation disorders, it improves symptoms.

Indications for use

peripheral circulatory disorders
ischemic cerebral stroke
disorders of the blood supply to the brain due to atherosclerosis
encephalopathy
trophic disorders of tissues and organs associated with thrombosis of arteries and veins, varicose veins veins, frostbite
diabetic angiopathy
acute obstruction central retinal artery
acute ischemic neuropathy optic nerve

Directions for use and doses

Intra-arterial and intravenous (the patient should be in a supine position).

100 mg (5 ml of solution) is administered intravenously in 250-500 ml of 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution (over 90-180 minutes); if necessary, the daily dose can be increased to 200-300 mg (10-15 ml).

Intra-arterial - first at a dose of 100 mg (5 ml of solution) in 20-50 ml of 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride solution, and in subsequent days, 200-
300 mg (10-15 ml) in 30-50 ml of solvent (administration rate 10 mg/min).

The duration of the course of treatment is determined by the attending physician.

Side effects

nausea, vomiting, dryness of the oral mucosa, diarrhea, pain and a feeling of heaviness in the epigastrium, dyspeptic symptoms, intestinal atony
exacerbation of cholecystitis, cholestatic hepatitis
increased concentration of liver enzymes in the blood
visual impairment, scotoma
headache, dizziness, anxiety, sleep disturbances, convulsions, aseptic meningitis
skin hyperemia, skin rash, itching, urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock
tachycardia, palpitation, chest pain, arrhythmia, decreased blood pressure
leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, bleeding
hyperemia of the facial skin, rushes of blood to the skin of the face and upper chest, swelling, increased brittleness of nails

Contraindications

hypersensitivity to methylxanthine derivatives
acute heart attack myocardium
hemorrhagic stroke
severe heart rhythm disturbances
massive bleeding
hemorrhages in the retina of the eye
cerebral hemorrhage
severe atherosclerosis coronary and cerebral vessels (intra-aortic administration is contraindicated)
simple diabetic and proliferative diabetic retinopathy
children and teenagers up to 18 years of age
pregnancy, lactation period

Drug interactions

When pentoxifylline and antihypertensive drugs are taken simultaneously, the effect of antihypertensive drugs is enhanced. In this case, the dose of pentoxifylline must be reduced.

Cimetidine significantly increases the concentration of pentoxifylline in the blood plasma, and therefore, with simultaneous use, the likelihood of developing side effects may increase.

Against the background of parenteral use of pentoxifylline in high doses it is possible to enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus.

When used simultaneously with ketorolac. meloxicam may increase the risk of bleeding and/or increase prothrombin time; with sympatholytics, ganglion blockers and vasodilators - a decrease in blood pressure is possible; with heparin, fibrinolytic drugs and anticoagulants indirect action- increased anticoagulant effect and increased risk of bleeding.

special instructions

In patients with heart failure and impaired liver and kidney function, the drug is prescribed with caution. Patients with heart failure must first undergo a course of treatment with cardiac glycosides to ensure the full effect of pentoxifylline.

Use with caution in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers who have recently undergone surgery (risk of bleeding).

Treatment should be carried out under regular monitoring of blood pressure and blood patterns. If during the treatment period hemorrhages occur in the retina of the eye, the drug is immediately discontinued.

The administered dose should be reduced in patients with low and unstable blood pressure.

The compatibility of the pentoxifylline solution with the infusion solution should be checked on a case-by-case basis.

Smoking may reduce the therapeutic effect of the drug.

When conducting intravenous infusion the patient should be in a supine position.

Use in children

There are no studies on the safety and effectiveness of the drug for the treatment of patients under 18 years of age.

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles and control potentially dangerous mechanisms

Considering the side effects of the drug, caution should be exercised when driving vehicles or potentially dangerous mechanisms.

Overdose

Symptoms: weakness, dizziness, flushing of the skin, decreased blood pressure, fainting, tachycardia, drowsiness or agitation, loss of consciousness, hyperthermia, areflexia, tonic-clonic convulsions, signs of gastrointestinal bleeding (vomiting like “coffee grounds”).

Treatment: are common resuscitation measures to restore cardiovascular activity (including normalization of blood pressure) and respiratory function; use of diazepam for convulsive syndrome. There is no specific antidote.

Release form and packaging

5.0 ml of the drug in neutral glass or imported ampoules.

A label made of label paper is glued onto each ampoule, or the text is applied directly to the ampoule using intaglio printing ink for glass products.

5 ampoules are packed in blister packs made of polyvinyl chloride film and aluminum or imported foil. An ampoule scarifier is placed in each contour package.

When packaging ampoules with notches, rings and dots, scarifiers are not included.

Outline blister packs, together with approved instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages according to the number of packs, are placed in boxes made of cardboard or corrugated cardboard.

Storage conditions

Store in a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25 o C.

Keep out of the reach of children!

Shelf life

After the expiration date, do not use the drug.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

On prescription

Manufacturer

JSC "Khimpharm", REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN,

Shymkent, st. Rashidova, b/n, t/f: 561342

Registration Certificate Holder

JSC "Khimpharm", REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Address of the organization that accepts claims from consumers regarding the quality of products (products) on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

JSC "Khimpharm", Shymkent, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN,

st. Rashidova, w/n, t/f: 560882

Phone number 7252 (561342)

Fax number 7252 (561342)

Address Email [email protected]

Blood vessels and the heart muscle, working without rest, needs nutrition, support during increased loads, and the ability to cleanse itself of toxins and deposits.

Thanks to the angioprotector Pentoxifylline, microcirculation and metabolism in blood vessels are normalized, and swelling of the vascular wall is reduced.

pharmachologic effect

The drug Pentoxifylline belongs to the group of angioprotectors. In what cases are angioprotective drugs prescribed?

Drugs in this group solve three important problems:

Improves microcirculation and the state of tissue metabolism in the vascular walls.
They perform an antispasmodic function - they expand the lumen of the vessel, reduce swelling.
They have a beneficial effect on the properties of blood: they give it fluidity and normalize clotting.

Pethoxifylline, a drug from the group of angioprotectors, was synthesized in order to protect and restore the functions of blood vessels that are affected by various pathologies.

The drug Pentoxifylline affects and supports all types of blood vessels: arterial, venous, capillary.

The drug can dilate coronary vessels and improve blood supply to nerve cells.

Pentoxifylline and its pharmacological properties used to treat entire groups of diseases:

Vascular lesions in rheumatological diseases, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis.
Diseases caused by blockage of the vascular lumen and changes in blood composition.
Pathology of peripheral circulation.
Consequences caused by impaired cerebral circulation and coronary disease hearts.

Composition and release form of the drug

The drug Pentoxifylline is produced in solid and liquid form. Tablets for oral administration contain 100 or 400 mg of the main active ingredient.

Liquid concentrate of the drug Pentoxifylline for intravenous and intra-arterial injections contains 10 mg/ml of the main active ingredient.

Photo gallery:

Indications for use

The angioprotector Pentoxifylline is indicated for use in complex treatment diseases of cardio-vascular system.

The drug is prescribed for the treatment of cerebral vessels and venous insufficiency.

Pentoxifylline, absorbed into the blood, locally affects the affected vessels, eliminates atherosclerotic deposits, and strengthens the venous wall.

Indications for prescribing the drug:

peripheral circulatory disorders (endarteritis, angiopathy);
angiopathy of atherosclerotic or dyscirculatory type;
cerebrovascular accident;
post-ischemic, post-stroke condition.

Contraindications

The drug is contraindicated for treatment in patients with a tendency to bleeding, myocardial necrosis, organic lesions coronary arteries.

Pentoxifylline is not prescribed to patients with cardiac arrhythmias, retinal hemorrhages, or acute hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents.

Treatment with Pentoxifylline is contraindicated in pediatric practice and people with individual hypersensitivity to the components of the medicinal product.

The drug has relative contraindications:

peptic ulcer;
postoperative period;
hypotension;
disorders of the liver and kidneys.

Side properties

Pentoxifylline is usually well tolerated by patients. Side effects of the drug appear when the dosage is inadequately selected.

This may manifest itself:

from the nervous system in the form of headaches, sleep disturbances, convulsive conditions, vision disorders;
from the heart and blood vessels in the form of heart rhythm disturbances, hypotension;
from the outside gastrointestinal tract: dry mouth, decreased appetite, upset stool.
from the skin and mucous membranes: hyperemia, hot flashes, swelling.

After oral administration of Pentoxifylline, a feeling of pressure, fullness in the stomach, and nausea may occur.

Dosage and overdose

If the patient has one of the signs of overdose, the drug should be stopped immediately

The dosage and duration of the course of treatment with Pentoxifylline are prescribed by the doctor individually based on the diagnosis, severity of symptoms, laboratory parameters, individual and age characteristics.

Method of drug administration: orally, intravenously by stream, intravenously by drip.

Taking into account the severity of the disease, Pentoxifylline can be prescribed in combination orally and parenterally.

Uncontrolled use of excess doses of the drug may result in signs of overdose.

They manifest themselves in the form of dizziness, loss of consciousness, vomiting, fever and convulsions.

The prescription of angioprotectors for osteochondrosis is necessary to normalize blood circulation and relieve swelling. Pentoxifylline, in addition to its effect on the vascular wall, has a vasodilating effect.

The drug restores blood flow to the strangulated tissues and intervertebral discs sufficient oxygen and nutrients are supplied.

In combination with painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, the angioprotector Pentoxifylline relieves pain syndrome, restores damaged blood vessels and regulates blood circulation in the affected area.

Instructions for use

Instructions for use of ampoules

Pentoxifylline is administered intravenously or intra-arterial drip:

Intravenous drip administration of the drug. One ampoule (0.01 g) of the drug is diluted in 250 ml of isotonic solution. The Pentoxifylline solution is administered very slowly: from one and a half to two hours. For special purposes, the doctor may increase the dosage of Pentoxifylline to 0.3 g.
Intra-arterial administration. One ampoule of Pentoxifylline is diluted in 50 ml of isotonic solution, administered slowly (from 10 to 15 minutes).

Instructions for use of tablets

Pentoxifylline tablets are taken in a dosage of 100 or 200 mg per dose three times a day. After the therapeutic effect is achieved, the dosage of the drug is reduced.

Typically, the therapeutic effect of Pentoxifylline occurs by the end of the second week. The course of treatment with Pentoxifylline usually lasts four weeks.

In case of acute and severe pathology, the doctor may prescribe the drug in a combination of oral and parenteral use of Pentoxifylline.

Pentoxifylline during pregnancy

Pentoxifylline is not prescribed to pregnant and nursing mothers. The drug has not been tested for safety for the health of the mother and fetus.

Pentoxifylline is a peripheral vasodilator derived from dimethylxanthine. Is modern and effective means, improving the rheological properties of blood. The medication has a pronounced vasodilator and capillary protective effect, and also increases capillary resistance and improves microcirculation.

The drug affects all types of blood vessels human body: arterial, venous, capillary. Taking Pentoxifylline can improve the tone of the respiratory muscles and stop the processes of thrombosis.

The angioprotector is indicated for use in complex therapy of diseases of the cardiovascular system. The drug is used in clinical practice for the treatment of cerebral vessels, with venous insufficiency.

The mechanism of action is due to inhibition of phosphodiesterase and accumulation of cyclic adenosine-monophosphoric acid with a decrease in the concentration of intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscles and blood cells. Also medicinal product inhibits the aggregation process, while increasing the elasticity of the vascular wall and reducing the level of fibrinogen in the plasma, as well as accelerating fibrinolysis.

Release form

The solution for injection is clear, colorless or slightly yellowish. It is used for injections and IVs.

Enteric-coated tablets Pink colour, film. One tablet contains 100 mg of the active substance pentoxifylline.

The concentrate and solution of the drug for IV and IM administration contain 20 mg of pentoxifylline per 1 ml. The solution for infusion may also contain 2 mg per 1 ml.

Active substance

The drug contains the substance of the same name, pentoxifylline. Once in the patient’s blood, this compound penetrates into the affected capillaries. There, the active substance of the drug helps restore the elasticity of the walls of red blood cells, reduces the increased coagulability of platelets, and improves the rheology (fluidity) of blood by reducing its viscosity. In addition to this, the drug tones the muscles involved in the breathing process - the diaphragmatic and intercostal muscles.

Indications for use

According to official instructions, Pentoxifylline is prescribed for:

gangrene;
postthrombotic syndrome;
varicose veins;
viral neuroinfection;
trophic ulcers of the leg;
cerebral atherosclerosis;
violation of tissue trophism;
severe bruises of the spine and its structures;
spinal (spinal) stroke;
Bekhterev's disease;
atherosclerosis of spinal vessels;
osteochondrosis;
spinal fracture and its consequences;
radiculitis;
Raynaud's disease;
obliterating endarteritis;
disturbances in the peripheral blood supply;
frostbite;
dyscirculatory encephalopathy;
obliterating atherosclerosis - a disease in which special plaques developing in the lumen of blood vessels lead to disruption of blood supply, and, as a result, narrowing or blockage of the arteries occurs;
diabetes mellitus;
varicose veins;
bronchial asthma and other pathologies of the respiratory system;
hearing impairment due to dysfunction of the inner ear;
ischemic stroke;
with sexual impotence in men of vascular origin.

At acute forms diseases and complications, the drug is prescribed in ampoules.

Instructions for use Pentoxifylline + dosages

Prescribed orally, intravenously and intra-arterially.

Intra-arterial: 100 mg diluted in 20-50 ml of sodium chloride.

100-200 mg is administered intramuscularly three times a day.

Take orally, starting with 0.2 g (2 tablets) 3 times a day after meals, without chewing. After the onset of the therapeutic effect (usually after 1-2 weeks), the dose is reduced to 0.1 g (1 tablet) 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks. and more. The tablets should be taken after meals, without chewing, with a sufficient amount of liquid. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 1200 mg.

The duration of the course of therapy and the daily dose are regulated by the doctor for each individual patient on an individual basis - it depends on the diagnosis, severity clinical symptoms and characteristics of the body.

Features of application

When taking the drug, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is strictly prohibited, since the main substance of the drug can cause extreme negative reaction body to ethanol.

According to the instructions, Pentoxifylline solution can be administered intraarterially or intramuscularly only when the patient is in a supine position.

In smoking patients, the therapeutic effectiveness of Pentoxifylline may be reduced.

The drug has a number of features, so before use it is necessary to consult a specialist. The effect of pentoxifylline can occur between the 2nd and 4th weeks, but treatment should continue for at least 8 weeks.

Considering that sensitive patients may experience adverse reactions(dizziness, blurred vision, weakness), during the period of taking the drug you should refrain from driving any vehicles and performing other work that requires increased precision.

Side effects and contraindications

Nausea, vomiting, pain and feeling of heaviness in the epigastric zone, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, asthenia, tachycardia, angina attacks, arterial hypotension, arrhythmias, flu-like syndrome, nasal congestion, anorexia, intestinal atony, increased activity of liver enzymes, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia , exacerbation of cholecystitis.

Also, side effects in patients were allergic reactions to the administration of the drug (facial skin flushing, itching, urticaria), bronchospasm, angioedema, blurred vision, various bleedings.

A complete list of side effects from all organs and systems is described in the annotation attached to the medication. If after using the drug any negative reactions begin to appear, then the use of Pentoxifylline should be excluded.

Overdose

In case of a severe overdose of the drug, reactions such as nausea, vomiting, arrhythmia, severe headaches, tachycardia, chills, convulsions, allergic reactions and others may occur.

Treatment: symptomatic. Perform gastric lavage and prescribe Activated carbon. The patient should be placed in a horizontal position with legs elevated. A specific antidote is unknown. Monitor vital important functions and general measures aimed at maintaining them, monitoring the patency respiratory tract; for convulsions, diazepam is administered.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to pentoxifylline and other xanthine derivatives; acute myocardial infarction; porphyria, massive bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, retinal hemorrhage, pregnancy, lactation. For intravenous administration (optional) - arrhythmias, severe atherosclerosis of the coronary or cerebral arteries, uncontrolled arterial hypotension.

Caution should be exercised when prescribing Pentoxifylline to patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers, patients, or those who have recently undergone surgery (risk of bleeding).

Analogs of Pentoxifylline, list of drugs

Analogues of the drug in terms of application and indications are:

Dibazol;
Trental;
Vazonite;
Magnesium sulfate;
Polfilin retard;
Pentoxifylline solution;
Pentohexal;
Radomin;
Agapurin;
Flexital;
Latrain.

Important - instructions for use of Kagocel, price and reviews do not apply to analogues and cannot be used as a guide to the use of drugs of similar composition or action. All therapeutic prescriptions must be made by a doctor. When replacing Kagocel with an analogue, it is important to consult a specialist; you may need to change the course of therapy, dosages, etc.

Don't self-medicate!

The instructions for use of the drug Pentoxifylline belong to the group of angioprotectors. Tablets 100 mg and 400 mg retard, injections in ampoules for injection in solution are prescribed to patients to improve blood microcirculation in small vessels. Reviews from patients and recommendations from doctors report that this drug helps in the treatment of circulatory disorders and tissue trophism.

Release form and composition

The drug Pentoxifylline is available in the form:

Film-coated tablets, prolonged release 400 mg.
Film-coated tablets 100 mg.
Solution for intravenous and intra-arterial administration (injections in injection ampoules and in the form of a dropper).

pharmachologic effect

Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative. Helps improve microcirculation and rheological properties of blood. The mechanism of its action is based on the inhibition of phosphodiesterase and an increase in the content of adenosine triphosphate in erythrocytes, and cyclic 3,5-adenosine monophosphate in platelets.

In this case, simultaneous saturation of the energy potential occurs, which in turn leads to vasodilation, a decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance, and an increase in minute and stroke volume of blood. The heart rate does not change significantly.

Pentoxifylline improves blood oxygenation (due to the expansion of blood vessels in the lungs). When administered intravenously, in addition to these effects, there is an increase in collateral circulation and an increase in the volume of blood flowing through a sectional unit. In areas of impaired blood supply, the drug improves microcirculation.

This is due to a decrease in blood viscosity, platelet disaggregation, and an increase in the elasticity of erythrocytes (due to the effect on the pathologically altered deformability of erythrocytes). Against the background of occlusive lesions of the peripheral arteries (intermittent claudication), an increase in walking distance is observed, night cramps of the calf muscles and pain at rest are eliminated.

Why is Pentoxifylline prescribed?

Indications for use of the drug include:

diabetic angiopathy;
post-stroke conditions and ischemic stroke;
peripheral circulatory disorders (in particular, intermittent claudication);
viral neuroinfections (as a preventive measure possible violation microcirculation);
encephalopathy;
otosclerosis, pathologies of the vessels of the inner ear;
bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
ischemic cerebral circulatory disorder;
cerebral atherosclerosis (sleep disorders, memory, dizziness and headaches);
coronary heart disease and conditions after suffered a heart attack myocardium;
ischemic optic neuropathy, circulatory disorders in the choroid and retina in acute form.

The drug is also effective for the treatment of other diseases of vascular origin. So, one of the indications of the medication is vascular impotence.

Instructions for use

Pentoxifylline tablets

Orally, without chewing, with a small amount of water, after meals. Take 200 mg (2 tablets) 3 times a day. After achieving a therapeutic effect (usually 1-2 weeks), the dose is reduced to 100 mg (1 tablet) 3 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 1200 mg. The course of treatment is 1-3 months.

In patients with chronic renal failure, the dose is halved. The duration of treatment and dosage regimen are determined individually by the attending physician, depending on clinical picture disease and therapeutic effect.

Ampoules

The drug can be administered intravenously, intra-arterially. It is administered intravenously slowly at a dose of 100 mg in 250-500 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or in 5% glucose solution (duration of administration - 90-180 minutes).

Intra-arterial - first at a dose of 100 mg in 20-50 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, and in subsequent days - 200-300 mg in 30-50 ml of solvent. Rate of administration: 100 mg (5 ml of 2% pentoxifylline solution) over 10 minutes.

Contraindications

Before starting therapy, the patient should read the accompanying instructions in detail, since the drug Pentoxifylline has a number of the following contraindications:

Bleeding.
Pregnancy and lactation period.
Acute cerebrovascular accident of hemorrhagic type.
Age under 18 due to lack of experience in use and unproven safety.
Heart arythmy.
Individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
Necrosis of the heart muscle.
Hemorrhages in the retina.
Damage to the coronary arteries by atherosclerotic plaques.

Relative contraindications include:

Tendency to bleed.
Low blood pressure.
Impaired kidney and liver function.
Recent surgical interventions.
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

In the presence of relative contraindications The doctor selects the dose of the drug for the patient individually.

Side effects

Possible disturbance of visual perception, scotoma, thrombocytopenia, intestinal bleeding, allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock, increased activity of liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase.
Nervous system: convulsive syndrome, anxiety, dizziness, headaches.
Skin: increased fragility of the nail plates, swelling, hyperemia of the skin, “flushes” to the skin of the face and body.
Cardiac system: cardialgia, arrhythmia, tachycardia, drop in blood pressure, progression of angina.
Digestive system: cholestatic hepatitis, exacerbation of cholecystitis, intestinal atony, decreased appetite, dry mouth.

Children, pregnancy and breastfeeding

Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Prescribed with caution to children under 18 years of age.

special instructions

The drug is prescribed with extreme caution if there is a tendency to arterial hypotension, chronic heart failure, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum (tablet forms), after recent operations, with liver or kidney failure, as well as in children under 18 years of age.

In case of renal dysfunction or severe liver dysfunction, dose adjustment is required. During treatment, it is important to monitor blood pressure levels.

In combination with antihypertensive drugs, insulin, and oral glycemic drugs, the dose of pentoxifylline should be reduced. In combination with anticoagulants, monitoring of blood clotting parameters is required.

Drug interactions

Pentoxifylline can enhance the effectiveness of medications that affect the blood coagulation system (thrombolytic agents, anticoagulants), antibacterial drugs, valproic acid.

The medication increases the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin, and antihypertensive medications. Cimetidine can increase the level of the drug in the blood, which means the risk of side effects increases. When administered together with other xanthines, nervous excitement is noted.

Analogues of the drug Pentoxifylline

Analogues are determined by structure:

Arbiflex-100.
Trenpental.
Trental.
Agapurin retard.
Arbiflex-400.
Agapurin.
Pentilin forte.
Pentoxifylline Rivo (ICN, Akri, Darnitsa, Teva, FPO, Eskom).
Agapurin SR.
Pentamon.
Flexital.
Pentohexal.
Radomin.
Pentomer.
Ralofect.
Pentilin.

Vacation conditions and price

The average price of Pentoxifylline (retard tablets 400 mg No. 20) in Moscow is 277 rubles. The cost of injections is 38 rubles for 10 ampoules of 5 ml.

Dispensed by prescription.

Should be stored in a dry place, protected from light, out of reach of children. Best before date:

Enteric-coated tablets – 2 years at temperatures up to 30 °C.
Retard tablets – 3 years at temperatures up to 25 °C.
Concentrate for the preparation of a solution for intravenous and intra-arterial administration, solutions for injections, infusions, intravenous and intra-arterial administration - 2 years at temperatures up to 25 °C.