Gastrointestinal disease gastritis. Gastritis - causes, signs, symptoms in adults and treatment of gastritis of the stomach. Classification of degrees of acute form of the disease

Gastritis is characterized by an abundance of symptoms, but some of its forms are sometimes asymptomatic. The most basic symptom of the disease is pain in the epigastric region, which tends to intensify after consuming medications, alcohol, poor-quality food, as well as aggressive chemical substances. In some cases, discomfort increases between meals.

There are several types of acute inflammation of the stomach. A mild catarrhal form of the disease occurs due to poor nutrition or minor food intoxications. The phlegmonous form of the disease is mainly provoked by injuries to the walls of the digestive organ, and fibrinous and necrotic gastritis are caused by severe poisoning with aggressive chemicals.

The chronic form of gastritis in adults most often does not particularly affect the patient’s life, but only introduces some restrictions into it. A mild form of the disease can manifest as bowel dysfunction, while a severe form of the disease is also different:

• anemia;
• feeling unwell;
• flatulence;
• weakness;
• cold sweat.

Catarrhal gastritis

This light form stomach diseases are the most common. When it affects only the surface of the mucous tissue of the organ. This type of inflammation occurs due to an elementary violation of the diet and quality of nutrition, mild poisoning, food allergies or prolonged exposure to stress.

Symptoms of gastritis of the stomach in adults are mild and disappear quickly with diet.

How gastritis manifests itself in catarrhal form:

• belching with a sour smell;
• pain in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium;
• hyperthermia;
• diarrhea;
• gray plaque and dry mouth;
• malaise, headache.

The disease can be completely cured within a period of 2 to 7 days, depending on the severity of the condition.

Erosive form of gastritis

Signs and symptoms of erosive gastritis are expressed as follows:

• pain in the stomach after eating;
• heartburn and nausea occur;
• unstable stool;
• vomiting with blood streaks;
• black color of excrement.

All these phenomena occur unexpectedly and spontaneously, and as they appear, the patient feels worse and worse. Chronic erosive gastritis is asymptomatic and painless. The patient feels the first symptoms after vomiting, where blood is present.

Symptoms of atrophic gastritis

Symptoms indicate the development of this form of gastritis:

• heaviness in the stomach;
• epigastric discomfort;
• belching with a rotten smell;
• anemia;
• sweating, malaise and weakness;
• unstable stool;
• tongue too smooth;
• poor appetite and weight loss.

If after belching a sour taste remains in the mouth, this indicates that there is increased acidity, but if the taste is bitter, then it is likely the presence of hypoacid gastritis. With this form of the disease, the pain can be aching, dull and occur mainly after eating. But characteristic feature The disease is that there may be no discomfort or it manifests itself to an insignificant degree. Acute pain is not normal for this type of disease.

The second distinctive symptom is anemia, which occurs with this disease due to impaired absorption of cyanocobalamin and iron with a decrease in the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. a lack of folic acid, riboflavin and the above substances leads to the appearance of such a sign of the disease as a “polished” tongue.

Symptoms of the hypertrophic form

The hypertrophic form of the disease has typical symptoms of intestinal inflammation:

• belching;
• nausea;
• heartburn;
• taste in mouth;
• bloating;
• flatulence;
• unstable stool;
• decreased appetite.

They may appear to varying degrees or be completely absent. Therefore, such inflammation of the mucous membrane cannot be diagnosed on the basis of dyspeptic symptoms alone without additional instrumental studies.

In the chronic form of gastritis, symptoms of the disease may not appear at all. This is the insidiousness of the hypertrophic form of the disease - the patient can suffer from it for a long time, and seek help from a doctor only when the disease is already advanced and treatment will be difficult.

Signs of fibrinous gastritis

Fibrinous gastritis occurs mainly due to severe infectious diseases, such as scarlet fever, typhus or smallpox. Inflammation can also develop with severe intoxication.

There are cases of fibrinous gastritis of the stomach, the symptoms of which do not differ from superficial ones. This disease is accompanied by the usual set of symptoms:

• belching;
• hypersalivation;
• specific taste in the mouth;
• nausea;
• discomfort in the left hypochondrium.

In some cases, there is hyperthermia, headaches, fatigue and chills. As the disease progresses, the intensity of the pain increases, and vomiting appears mixed with bile, mucus and blood.

Necrotic (toxicochemical) gastritis

With inflammation of the gastric mucosa caused by the penetration of toxic substances, a necrotic form of the disease develops. It is more susceptible to people whose activities are related to chemical production, as well as people in a state of constant alcohol intoxication (highly concentrated methyl and ethyl alcohol are especially dangerous).

Damage to the mucous membrane during poisoning is serious, affecting the deep layers of tissue. Necrosis of individual areas, formation of ulcers and erosions is possible. Signs of gastritis of the stomach appear immediately after intoxication.

With necrotic gastritis, symptoms are expressed:

• severe pain in the stomach;
• nausea, vomiting with mucus and blood;
• pain in the throat, esophagus, saliva viscosity and difficulty swallowing;
• pallor, weakness, extreme thirst.

Intoxication is life-threatening, especially if it causes peritonitis or painful shock. The consequence of inflammation is rough scars in the esophagus and gastric mucosa. These conditions lead to a narrowing of the lumen of organs and a deterioration in the patient’s functioning.

Phlegmonous gastritis

The first signs of gastritis of this form are as follows:

• severe stomach pain;
• hyperthermia and chills;
• rapid deterioration of the disease picture;
• profuse vomiting, often mixed with pus;
• difficulty palpating due to muscle tension;
• weak and rapid pulse.

When acidity decreases, the patient experiences rumbling in the abdomen, belching, morning vomiting, unsteady stool, and a burning sensation along the esophagus. The reason for this is the reflux of contents back into the esophagus.

Phlegmonous inflammation of the stomach often occurs in a chronic form. The disease is extremely rare. An attack of gastritis is characterized by the appearance of symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss and hyperthermia.

Symptoms of hypoacid gastritis

With low acidity, gastritis develops, the symptoms of which are not felt at first and do not cause a deterioration in the quality of life. The body quickly adapts even to increased signs of the disease, so the patient appears at a doctor’s appointment at a late stage. The main symptoms of the disease are associated with impaired transportation, digestion and absorption of food.

Hypoacid gastritis of the stomach has symptoms:

• belching with a rotten smell and bad breath;
• morning sickness;
• mild pain during or after eating;
• heaviness after eating;
• rumbling and flatulence;
• unstable stool;
• vomiting or nausea after eating.

Patients with gastritis of the stomach suffer from a decrease or complete absence appetite, this is mainly due to painful sensations and deterioration after eating.

Hyperacid gastritis

Chronic gastritis with normal acidity does not have a pronounced manifestation and occurs only with contributing factors.

Symptoms of gastritis with increased acidity: heartburn and belching with a sour odor are the main manifestations of hypocidal gastritis, in addition, there are cutting or aching pain in the stomach and left hypochondrium, and with antral gastritis it can hurt with right side. Also common:

• constipation and flatulence;
• morning sickness and vomiting after sour foods;
• night or hunger pains with large gaps in nutrition.

The chronic form of gastritis is a long-term inflammation of the stomach, which gradually worsens and periodically causes exacerbations. Therefore in case:

• the appearance of heaviness in the stomach;
• discomfort or pain;
• flatulence or bloating;
• unstable stool;
• weaknesses;
• general deterioration of health;
• nausea or vomiting.

You should see a doctor and get examined. This measure sometimes helps early stages prevent the development of serious gastrointestinal pathologies, and even save the patient’s life.

You should know what symptoms indicate illness. Sometimes oncological pathologies of the digestive organs can develop latently for a long time, and if you ignore the first “bells” of the disease, you may miss the time when the disease is still amenable to surgical treatment.

Gastritis - name inflammatory process gastric mucosa. The disease is common among most people in the world. According to statistics, 9 out of 10 people have felt signs of the disease at least once. In old age, the majority suffer from the disease. The chronic form of the disease can develop into serious pathologies.

Classifications of gastritis

With a short-term influence of factors on the gastric mucosa, the process is acute. The inflammation becomes catarrhal, fibrinous, phlegmonous or necrotic in nature. Symptoms of gastritis of the stomach depend on the form of the disease.

Catarrhal form

Clinical Sydney classification

• – autoimmune.
• Helicobacter - type B.
• Mixed.
• Type C gastritis is reflux gastritis caused by bile reflux.
• A special form of the disease.

Symptoms and main clinical signs

The symptoms of the disease directly depend on its clinical and pathomorphological form, on its nature: acute or chronic. Let's take a closer look at how gastritis manifests itself and what symptoms indicate its presence.

Acute gastritis with subsequent chronicity has a variety of clinical symptoms and can be completely asymptomatic.

The most striking clinical manifestation acute form pathology – severe pain in the abdominal area. The pain may be aggravated by taking certain foods, medicines, drinks. Products that have an aggressive effect on the gastric mucosa are especially pronounced. They cause stomach problems.

In some cases, the pain intensifies on an empty stomach in between meals. If you are ill, you must exclude from your diet foods that provoke exacerbation - spicy, salty, fatty foods and strong drinks. The patient clearly indicates the location of the pain.

Important and common symptoms Belching and heartburn are recognized. The first symptoms of the disease may not appear immediately. Patients often suffer from nausea and vomiting. Sometimes inflammation is accompanied by additional symptoms such as flatulence and bloating. If at least two of the listed signs are present, the doctor has reason to suspect acute gastritis with a typical clinical picture and refer the patient to additional examination. Additional Research stomach and intestines will confirm the existing signs and symptoms.

Chronic gastritis with uncharacteristic erased symptoms is more difficult to diagnose and is more varied clinical signs. In some cases, the disease can proceed covertly for a significant period of time. Signs do not appear, except for irregular bowel movements and bloating. A coating in the form of a whitish film appears on the tongue. During the period of remission, the stomach practically does not hurt. The patient notes increased fatigue, weakness and irritability. Pain, rumbling and transfusion gradually become more frequent in the abdomen. In the intervals between meals, symptoms intensify. Signs of chronic gastritis are not expressed during remission and come to the fore during exacerbation.

Often the presence of a chronic process negatively affects the patient’s quality of life. Symptoms and treatment of gastritis are directly related to the level of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Clinic for gastritis with high acidity

Besides common symptoms at elevated level hydrochloric acid in the stomach, signs are observed that form the entire symptom complex.

1. Pain on an empty stomach in the epigastric region, goes away as soon as the patient eats.
2. Frequent loose stool, bloating.
3. The appearance of heartburn, especially after eating sour foods.
4. Belching sour.

Clinic for gastritis with low acidity

• The appearance of a persistent taste in the mouth.
• Heaviness after eating in the epigastrium.
• Belching with a rotten smell.
• Rumbling and transfusion in the abdomen.
• Nausea, more often in the morning.
• Irregular bowel movements, constipation.
• Unpleasant odor from the mouth.

Indirect signs of gastritis are the development of asthenic syndrome, increased fatigue, irritability, headache, weight loss. May be caused by impaired absorption in the stomach nutrients and hidden bleeding.

Clinic for exacerbation of a chronic process

1. Constant or paroxysmal pain appears in the epigastric region. It can appear after eating or, conversely, on an empty stomach.
2. After eating, belching of air, heartburn, and chest pain appear due to the reflux of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus.
3. The appearance of a metallic taste in the mouth.
4. Nausea or vomiting in the morning containing semi-digested food masses. Vomiting bile.
5. Thirst and dry mouth or, conversely, increased salivation.
6. Weakness, dizziness, headache, palpitations.

For severe clinical manifestations erosive process, the listed syndromes are accompanied by vomiting containing blood impurities. Sometimes the vomit turns brown or black. This is how gastrointestinal bleeding manifests itself, which has become a complication of the erosive process. Symptoms and treatment in adults differ from those in childhood. Children are characterized by signs general intoxication and asthenization.

Nature of pain

Pain in the stomach is called gastralgia. The most important symptom. The sensations may be cutting or stabbing, burning or dull or pressing. The nature of the pain will tell. Having examined the sign and other main symptoms of the disease, the doctor will give recommendations on proper treatment and rehabilitation of the disease. An appropriate diet is prescribed. Treat pathological process necessary taking into account the level of acidity and general condition the patient's body.

Pain caused by inflammation in the stomach can be recognized even at home. Distinctive signs for differential diagnosis are:

• The pain intensifies after eating.
• Exacerbation occurs after taking alcohol, medications, in particular NSAIDs.
• The stomach hurts during prolonged fasting.

You can examine your symptoms in detail by making an appointment and undergoing special laboratory and instrumental testing. Experienced doctor will hold differential diagnosis gastritis with other diseases of the digestive tract and determine what symptoms the patient has with gastritis of the stomach.

Diagnostic signs

Confirming the diagnosis of the disease and complications is possible by conducting a number of laboratory and instrumental studies. IN laboratory analysis blood pattern may be observed iron deficiency anemia associated with bleeding erosions in the stomach.

In addition to iron deficiency anemia during development clinical picture chronic gastritis of the stomach, sometimes B12 or folate deficiency anemia develops. Usually associated with impaired production of vitamin B12 during the atrophic process. Such changes in the blood mainly occur during inflammation with low or zero acidity.

Objective and informative method The study is considered to be fibrogastroscopy. This is an endoscopic research method that allows you to visually evaluate the lining of the stomach and, if necessary, take a tissue sample for a biopsy. When conducting an endoscopic examination, it is possible to detect hyperemia of the mucous membrane, swelling or atrophic changes, and the presence of pinpoint hemorrhages.

An available examination method is an X-ray examination of the stomach using a contrast agent. In this way, it is possible to detect defects in the mucous membrane, the presence of ulcers, polyps, and tumors in the stomach. There are no specific radiological signs of gastritis.

Based on the results of the examination, after the diagnosis of gastritis is established, treatment is prescribed by a gastroenterologist.

Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa, duodenitis is the part of the intestine below the stomach. The diseases have similar symptoms and treatments. In its acute form, it burns and stings in the upper abdomen in the middle or left, and can radiate to the back. Pain and discomfort go away without medical procedures. In the chronic form, the symptoms are less pronounced. In the case of the erosive type, the gastric mucosa is thinned; in the case of non-erosive gastritis, it is changed. If measures are not taken, the risk of developing stomach ulcers, neoplasms, and gastrointestinal pathologies is increased.

Symptoms

Gastritis affects directly the stomach, gastroenteritis affects the stomach and intestines.

Prescribed by a doctor drug treatment gastritis is determined by the above and other symptoms:

1. Helicobacter pylori treated with antibiotics, which are useless for non-bacterial causes of gastritis.
2. Proton pump inhibitors reduce the production of hydrochloric acid.
3. Treatment of gastritis with histamine (H-2) blockers accelerates the recovery of the mucosa.
4. Antacids ( baking soda) neutralize hydrochloric acid, can cause diarrhea or constipation;
5. Preparations for protecting the mucous membrane envelop and increase the formation of mucus in the stomach.
6. Take anti-nausea medications.

Treatment of gastritis and diet quickly eliminate symptoms.

Diet

Nutrition certain products accelerates the treatment of gastritis. Eat small meals 5-6 times a day.

To suppress Helicobacter Pylori, include celery, apples, carrots, cereals– they are rich in fiber.

Honey, herbal teas, foods containing omega-3, berries - blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, fruits - avocados, black currants, cranberries, grapes, and sprouted peas are useful, olive oil.

The review confirms that extracts of raspberries, strawberries, blackberries and blueberries have an antibacterial and strong bacteriostatic therapeutic effect - they inhibit the development and reproduction of H. Pylori bacteria.

Due to possible harm, you should avoid drinks that contain caffeine (chocolate, coffee, green and black tea), mint, citrus fruits, spicy foods, tomatoes, whole milk products, sweets, and gluten-containing products.

The report confirms the successful treatment of rare collagenous gastritis in a child with a gluten-free diet.

To treat gastritis, include foods with probiotics in your diet:

The review confirms that probiotics improve digestion and intestinal motility and prevent the spread of H. Pylori.

The study confirms the benefits of probiotics (kefir, yogurt, kombucha) in the treatment of Helibacter gastritis.

The publication also confirms the benefits of using yogurt in the treatment of gastritis with antibiotics.

Chronic gastritis. After the doctor prescribes treatment, change the diet, taking into account the effect of each product on the secretory and motor function of the stomach.

Steam, boil, stew, puree, cook porridge.

Eat slowly, in small portions, but often, 5-6 times, at certain hours. Chew food thoroughly, heated to a temperature of +36..+37C.

It is especially important to follow a diet during an exacerbation, when the mucous membrane is overly sensitive.

The secretory and motor function of the stomach is almost not affected by: pureed vegetable or milk soups, boiled meat, fish or steamed omelet, eggs in a bag, whole milk or cream, low-fat sour cream and cottage cheese, weak tea with milk, jelly, diluted sweet juices and compotes, fruit purees.

The secretion of gastric juice is increased by: meat, fish, fatty and fried foods, smoked, pickled, salted, dairy products, baked goods, sour vegetables or fruits, seasonings and spices, coffee, tea, cocoa, carbonated drinks.

The study confirms that excessively salty and fatty foods change the cells of the stomach lining, making them more susceptible to the bacteria Helicobacter pylori.

Confirms that “red” meat may further enhance the oxidative process in H. pylori-infected individuals compared to healthy individuals. Although meat is not a risk factor for the development of Helicobacter pylori gastritis, its high salt content can aggravate H. pylori pathology.

Insufficient secretory activity. For symptoms of gastritis with reduced juice secretion, treatment should be combined with a diet that stimulates appetite and helps restore impaired secretion.

Menu for gastritis with low acidity:

• Yesterday's wheat bread, inconvenient cookies.
• Soft-boiled eggs, fried omelette without forming a crust or steamed.
• Yogurt, kefir, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese curds.
• Grated mild cheese, lightly salted soaked herring, salads of boiled vegetables with meat, fish, eggs, lean ham, liver pate, vegetable and sturgeon caviar.
• Creamy, refined vegetable, ghee.
• Soups with finely chopped vegetables in meat, fish, mushroom broth, pureed soups from pureed cereals in vegetable broth. Borscht, beetroot soup, fresh cabbage soup.
• Puree porridge with water or milk, cereal cutlets, vermicelli.
• Cutlets from veal, pork, lamb, poultry, fish.
• Vegetable purees and cutlets, boiled and stewed vegetables, potatoes, pumpkin, zucchini, beets, carrots, tomatoes, cabbage, green peas.
• Fruit purees, jelly, compotes, baked apples, honey, sugar, jam, candy, oranges, tangerines, peeled grapes, watermelon.
• Tea, cocoa, coffee with milk.
• Diluted vegetable or berry juices, rosehip decoction.

Prohibited are fried, fatty meat and fish, lard, smoked, legumes, onions, radishes, cucumbers, mushrooms, sweet peppers, canned food, chocolate, garlic, horseradish, mustard, berries with small grains (raspberries, red currants), with hard skin ( gooseberries, apples), grape juice.

Food can be added with salt.

A 2009 study and review confirms that the antibacterial benefits of eating broccoli daily for one and a half to two months reduces the likelihood of H. pylori stomach infection.

Gastritis with increased secretory activity. In case of inflammation of the mucous membrane and excessive secretion of gastric juice, include the following dishes in the menu:

• Steam omelet, soft-boiled eggs.
• Whole or condensed milk, cream, pureed cottage cheese, mild cheese.
• Lean unsalted ham, boiled vegetable salad.
• Unsalted butter, refined vegetable oils added to prepared dishes.
• Soups from pureed cereals, pureed soups from non-acidic vegetables in cereal broth, milk soups with small noodles.
• Lean beef, veal, chicken, rabbit, turkey, fish, boiled or steamed into cutlets.
• Porridge with milk or water from rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, semolina, chopped pasta or vermicelli.
• Potatoes, beets, carrots, pumpkin, zucchini, with caution - green peas and dill.
• Sweet berries, compotes, fruit jelly, jelly, jam.
• Sweet juices, rosehip decoction.
• Weak tea, cocoa with milk or cream.

In the first days of an exacerbation, give up bread and vegetables. Use pureed food.

Prohibited are fatty meats, fish, salted, smoked, canned, baked goods, cabbage, turnips, radishes, sorrel, onions, cucumbers, raw vegetables and fruits, black coffee, chocolate, carbonated drinks, kvass.

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis. During treatment, include foods rich in vitamin B12 in the menu to eliminate deficiency and prevent complications.

Vitamin B12 is contained in: rabbit meat, chicken meat and eggs, kefir, Pacific oyster, herring, Far Eastern mackerel, ocean sardine, sardines in oil, trout, chum salmon, sea bass.

Folk remedies

Treatment of gastritis with herbs may initially increase pain and cause heartburn, but after a while it normalizes the condition.

Wormwood. The plant helps in the treatment of gastritis with symptoms of decreased secretion. A folk remedy reduces inflammation of the mucous membranes and stimulates appetite:

1. Grind wormwood, rhizomes of calamus, caraway fruits, take in equal parts.
2. Brew 1 tsp. mixture with a glass of boiling water, simmer in a water bath for 15 minutes, strain. Add boiled water to the broth, bringing the volume to a full glass.

Take 1 tbsp. half an hour before meals.

Calendula, chamomile, plantain, yarrow. This folk remedy treats gastritis with symptoms of increased secretion of gastric juice and has an anti-inflammatory effect:

1. Mix equal parts of calendula flowers, chamomile flowers, plantain leaves, and yarrow herb.
2. Brew 1 tsp. mixture with a glass of boiling water, leave for two hours in a sealed container, strain. Fill the volume with boiled water to a full glass.

Take a third of a glass half an hour before meals.

Garlic.

Research confirms that garlic extract reduces symptoms in the treatment of certain types of gastritis.

Research and study confirm bactericidal effect aqueous extract garlic against Helicobacter Pylori.

The review confirms that garlic prevents the development of Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach cancer.

Turmeric.

The review confirms the anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, hypotensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral effects of turmeric.

Ginger.

cranberries and cranberry juice is used to prevent gastritis.

Cloves, licorice, myrrh.

A publication in The Original Internist confirms the effectiveness of licorice, cloves, and myrrh (Commiphora molmo) against H. pylori.

Gastritis is a term used to designate inflammatory and dystrophic changes gastric mucosa (GMU). Gastritis usually manifests itself pain syndrome and dyspeptic digestive disorders.

If a person often eats spicy, salty or spicy foods, the epithelium of the stomach becomes thinner, the cells lose their ability to resist gastric juice, and it begins to corrode the walls of the stomach, which is why this disease occurs.

Symptoms of gastritis of the stomach develop gradually with chronic course. The acute form appears 7-12 hours after exposure to the provoking factor (poisonous substances, spoiled foods, alkalis, acids).

Considering that the stomach is a key link in the breakdown of food entering the body, it is clear why gastritis affects not only the entire gastrointestinal tract, but also all systems of the body without exception, significantly reducing the patient’s quality of life. There are acute (catarrhal, erosive, phlegmonous) and chronic gastritis, symptoms and treatment of this disease we'll look at it today.

Causes

Acute gastritis is most often caused by exposure to aggressive environments or bacteria on the gastric mucosa. How and with what to treat gastritis will depend on the cause.

The following factors can lead to the development of the disease:

• eating poor quality food;
• dry eating “in a hurry”, “on the go”;
• non-compliance with diet;
• infection, toxins;
• frequent use of certain medications (aspirin, analgin);
• the stresses that fill our lives;
• taking certain medications.

The main reasons are infection, poor nutrition, alcohol abuse, smoking, frequent stress, neuroses, depression, long-term use of drugs with ulcerogenic properties, industrial hazards (coal, metal dust, lead compounds, etc.).

Treatment of gastritis is much more expensive than its prevention. That's why healthy eating should become your favorite habit, since the onset of the disease can pass without visible symptoms.

Signs of gastritis

You can suspect the development of gastritis of the stomach based on certain first signs:

• aching or sharp burning pain in the upper abdomen, which worsens or disappears during eating;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• lack of appetite;
• belching;
• feeling of fullness in the upper abdomen after eating;
• weight loss

If you find these signs, it’s time to think about how to treat gastritis at home. Otherwise, symptoms may worsen or complications may develop.

Symptoms of gastritis

First of all, with gastritis, the symptoms directly depend on the form of the disease, as well as the acidity of the stomach.

To determine symptoms acute gastritis distinctive: sudden, paroxysmal or constant pain that appears either on an empty stomach or some time after eating; symptoms of periodic or repeated nausea; a burning sensation in the chest after eating - heartburn, can also be a symptom; vomiting with a sour aroma and taste; belching sour; ; constipation or; decreased appetite.

For chronic gastritis with high acidity symptoms are: hunger pain and night pain in the upper abdomen; nausea and vomiting; belching with sour contents; constipation; feeling of heaviness in the stomach after eating.

For chronic gastritis with low acidity symptoms are:

• disgusting taste in the mouth;
• decreased appetite;
• increased salivation;
• nausea in the morning; constipation;
• belching air;
• rumbling and transfusion in the stomach.

Chronic gastritis can cause symptoms of periodic exacerbations, which consist in the fact that the main functions of the stomach and the whole gastrointestinal tract. The tissues of the stomach walls do not heal as expected.

Exacerbation of chronic gastritis and its symptoms occurs in those who have not completed treatment acute bronchitis, or in some way provoked a new attack. In order for chronic gastritis to recede, a new course of treatment is required.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the disease includes the following studies:

• gastroscopy - examination of the gastric mucosa using special equipment;
• laboratory examination of gastric juice;
• biopsy of the gastric mucosa;
• laboratory analysis of blood, stool.

When diagnosing a disease, a specialist needs to establish the main cause of the pathology. How to treat gastritis will largely depend on this.

Treatment of gastritis

And now about how to treat gastritis. The acute form of the disease is much easier to treat than the chronic form. The patient is prescribed drugs that reduce the acidity of gastric juice.

The following medications are used for this:

• Almagel, phosphalugel;
• ranitidine,
• famotidine;
• platifillin,
• atropine;
• astrin,
• pyrene,
• gastropine;
• omeprazole,
• rabeprazole

From traditional methods For the treatment of gastritis, enveloping substances based on a decoction of flax seeds, treatment with white clay, and smecta have proven themselves to be effective. To normalize digestive function in the treatment of gastitis, femento-containing medications are prescribed:

• pancreatin,
• festal,
• digestal,
• mezim-forte, panzinorm

When diagnosing infectious gastritis caused by Helicobacter bacterium pylori, antibiotics are indicated for use:

• omeprazole,
• esomeprazole,
• pylorid,
• clarithromycin,
• tindazole,
• amoxicillin.

A specific drug is selected by a specialist taking into account the patient’s general health, the presence of contraindications, etc. Treatment of gastritis is a multifaceted process that includes diet, drug treatment, and strengthening the body's defenses.

Diet for gastritis

Nutrition depends on the form and course of the disease. For acute gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, in remission chronic form the diet can be expanded. For any type of illness, alcohol, smoking, fried, fatty, and spicy foods are strictly excluded. You should also never go hungry.

The patient's meals should be fractional; he needs to eat food in small portions up to 6 times a day.

How to treat gastritis with folk remedies

On a par with traditional methods treatments are used folk remedies that help to successfully get rid of gastritis. Before starting to use traditional methods, consult your doctor.

1. The nausea that occurs with this disease quickly goes away if you use St. John's wort. To do this, pour a tablespoon of dry herb with a glass of boiling water and leave in a thermos for 2 hours. Drink three glasses twice a day.
2. Calamus - 1 part, stinging nettle (herb) - 1 part, chamomile (flowers) - 1 part. This recipe is used for gastritis with increased secretion. 1 tbsp. with the top of the mixture in a glass of water, boil for 15 minutes in a water bath. Set aside and strain. Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day before meals.
3. Treatment at home is also carried out using infusions of yarrow and buckthorn. You need to take a teaspoon of dried yarrow and buckthorn, pour two liters of boiling water over them, and cook for 10 minutes. After this, the broth must be left in a thermos for 5 hours. Take half a glass before bed for a week.
4. Herbal treatment is recognized as one of the most effective. To prepare remedy, take St. John's wort herb, calendula flowers and yarrow herb in equal proportions. Grind and mix them evenly, take 2 tablespoons of this mixture and pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. Then leave for 50 minutes. You need to take 100 g of this infusion half an hour before meals - as many times as you eat daily.
5. Gastritis with high acidity is treated with fireweed infusion. Pour 15 g of fireweed leaf into 200 g of boiling water and boil in a water bath for 10-15 minutes. Drink 1 tbsp. 3 times a day. Alternate with infusion of comfrey roots. Drink a decoction of fireweed for 4 days, and then a decoction of comfrey for 2 days. Prepare comfrey as follows: 2 tbsp. roots, pour 200 g of boiling water, leave and drink 1 tbsp. 3 times a day.
6. You can mix aloe with honey and red wine. Mix aloe juice and honey in an amount of 200 g with 500 g of wine, place in a dark place for 2 weeks. Take the resulting juice 1 spoon 3 times a day.
7. Cabbage juice. To prepare it, squeeze a glass of juice from cabbage leaves using a juicer. It should be warmed before use. If the juice makes you feel nauseous, drink it more than four hours after squeezing. You should take half a glass of juice 2 times a day an hour before meals. Cabbage juice can even be prepared in advance. Its shelf life is 36–48 hours (if more, it will no longer have an effect). This recipe is especially useful for people with low stomach acidity.

However, treatment of gastritis at home can be carried out only after an accurate diagnosis has been established and the acidity of the stomach has been determined.

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Gastritis of the stomach is a disease in which the mucous membrane of this organ becomes severely inflamed (read all about inflammation of the mucous membrane in). In this state, food is poorly digested, and the patient is bothered by various unpleasant symptoms. This article talks about what signs of gastritis of the stomach (the first symptoms) are observed in patients and what causes such an illness.

According to research, acute or chronic gastritis occurs in more than 50% of the modern population. Moreover, the disease can be detected in both children and adults, which makes it extremely common.

And it all can start with an elementary one, which few people pay attention to.

Important! Smoking, especially on an empty stomach, can not only cause gastritis, but also give rise to the appearance of ulcers. This habit is even more dangerous when a person smokes and drinks coffee without even having breakfast.

The first symptoms of gastritis

Not all patients know where it hurts during the development of gastritis and whether there are other symptoms at all. It is important to note that the general course of gastritis largely depends on its type and form (hyperacid, atrophic, erosive, etc.), since each of them has its own characteristic signs.

In medicine there is such a thing as “breaking the stomach.” This means that due to the influence of certain factors, it can lead to an exacerbation or development of an acute form of disease digestive system, including the stomach. If the symptoms are not so threatening and the diagnosis did not reveal gastritis, then you can help yourself.

Thus, the following factors can cause symptoms of acute gastritis:

1. Binge eating.
2. Stress.
3. Excessive drinking.
4. Smoking several cigarettes in a row at once.

The acute form of gastritis begins with a feeling of discomfort in the stomach, which is most unpleasant after eating. In this state, a person will experience a feeling of tightness in the upper abdomen.

Gradually (about the third day) appear painful sensations in the upper part of the peritoneum. At the same time, the nature of the pain can be different - stabbing, aching, sharp or pulling.

The next clear sign of acute gastritis is heartburn. In this state it will be especially acidic and unpleasant. Also, a white dense coating may form on the patient’s tongue, indicating a disruption of the digestive tract.

Another obvious symptom of acute gastritis is nausea and vomiting mixed with bile or blood, which is usually observed after eating or prolonged fasting. In this state, even with one missed meal, a person will suffer from terrible stomach pain and nausea.

Less commonly, a person's body temperature may rise, but usually it is easily reduced with antipyretic drugs when treatment is started.

It is not often that a patient with gastritis develops weakness and bowel dysfunction.

Additional signs of acute gastritis may include constipation, loss of appetite, dizziness, bloating, dry mouth and unpleasant belching.

Important! All of the above signs may indicate not only the development of gastritis, but also other diseases of the digestive system. For this reason, if they occur, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible in order to conduct a thorough diagnosis and identify the root cause of the disease. Self-medicating in such a state and waiting for it to “go away on its own” would be extremely unwise.

Sometimes acute gastritis develops suddenly, and symptoms appear within a couple of hours. As a rule, this is observed if a person has consumed something poisonous or toxic in food, which begins to affect the gastric mucosa.

Also, if assistance is not provided in a timely manner, acute gastritis can turn into a purulent form. This will lead to terrible inflammation and high fever. In this condition, the patient needs urgent hospitalization and diagnosis. If necessary, surgery may be performed.

As for the chronic form of gastritis, it can cause the following symptoms and signs (during the period of exacerbation, which is most often observed in the off-season):

1. Nausea.
2. Aching pain in the stomach.
3. Loss of appetite.
4. Weight loss.
5. Indigestion.
6. Heartburn.
7. Unpleasant belching.

In addition, sometimes chronic gastritis is accompanied stomach bleeding. It will be manifested by paleness of the person’s skin.

Most often, chronic gastritis worsens when the diet is violated. At the same time, its symptoms can appear within a few hours, causing a mass of discomfort. In this condition, the patient needs to visit a doctor and begin medical therapy.

Important! Chronic gastritis can develop in people at any age. At the same time, the disease will be accompanied by periods of exacerbation and subsidence. You just need to be prepared for this and in order not to provoke a worsening of your condition, a person needs to constantly follow a diet.

Types of gastritis

The following types of gastritis are distinguished, each of which is accompanied by its own symptoms:

1. Gastritis with high acidity. It is usually accompanied by the development of severe pain in the navel or stomach. At the same time, the pain will disappear almost immediately after eating, and worsen during fasting.

If the pain radiates to the right side, this will indicate that gastric juice has entered the duodenum.

This form of gastritis can also cause nausea, bloating and diarrhea. It is usually caused by taking medications and poor diet.

1. Gastritis with low acidity. Typically, this form of the disease is accompanied by bad breath, fermentation processes in the intestines, constipation and pain. In addition, with gastritis with low acidity, a person will feel quickly full of food and suffer from increased gas formation.

This type of gastritis is easy to treat. Usually, after taking enzymes for two weeks, the patient feels improvements.

1. The catarrhal form of gastritis usually develops as a result of taking certain medications and alcohol. Moreover, in addition to traditional symptoms, in this state a person may suffer from weakness, lightheadedness, sleep disturbances and irritability.
2. Erosive gastritis is a pre-ulcerative condition of the stomach. Read what forms of treatment for this type of gastritis are preferable.
3. The phlegmous form of gastritis develops due to injury to the stomach by foreign objects. In this case, the person will suffer from purulent inflammation organ. Symptoms of this condition will be heat, vomiting, bad taste in the mouth and abdominal pain.

When the diagnosis has already been made and there is no danger of developing an acute form, it is quite possible to carry out.

Anton palaznikov

Gastroenterologist, therapist

Work experience more than 7 years.

Professional skills: diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system.