Small rash on the body in an adult: possible causes and treatment methods. Rash on the body - types, causes and diseases Rash on the body diagnosis

Rash multiple changes on the skin and mucous membranes are called: elements that differ from normal skin in color, texture and appearance. The rash can be on the stomach, chest, face, arms, legs. Patients describe the rash as spots, redness, pimples, pimples, goosebumps, blisters, blisters, pustules, mosquito bites and so on. The appearance of the rash can sometimes indicate a disease, but you cannot diagnose yourself by the appearance of the rash; you must consult a doctor.

What does the rash look like (types of rash)

The most common skin rashes are formed by the following elements:

spots. A spot is a reddened area that does not protrude above the level of the surrounding skin. Redness is associated with excess blood flow. When you press on it with your finger, the stain disappears, and after the pressure stops it appears again;
nodules(papules) - compacted areas that protrude slightly above the skin level. Most often, papules are round or conical in shape. Papules can merge with each other, forming plaques, sometimes quite large in area (for example, the size of a palm). When pressed, the papule also loses its color;
bubbles(vesicles). A vesicle is an element, usually round in shape, rising above the level of the skin and representing a cavity filled with a clear, cloudy or bloody liquid;
pustules(pustules). A pustule is a vesicle with purulent contents. The skin at the base of the pustule may also become inflamed;
blisters- cavityless elements of a round or oval shape, slightly rising above the skin level, resulting from limited and acute swelling.

The above elements are called primary, since they occur on clean skin.

During the course of the disease, rashes appear at the site and secondary elements:

plots hyperpigmentation or depigmentation(skin loses its natural color, becoming either darker or discolored);
peeling(scales are formed - particles of the dying upper layer of skin);
erosion(superficial damage to the skin resulting from the opening of a vesicle and abscess). In severe cases, ulcers may occur - a violation of the integrity of the skin, involving all layers of the skin - up to the subcutaneous fatty tissue;
when scratching - abrasions, both superficial and deep;
crust(formed as a result of drying out sections of a weeping surface - for example, at the site of burst blisters, pustules, as well as ulcers and erosions);
plots lichenification(skin thickening with strengthening of its pattern), etc.

Rash due to infectious diseases

The appearance of a skin rash is typical for infectious diseases, which mainly affect children: chickenpox(chickenpox), rubella, scarlet fever, measles.

If there are sufficient grounds to believe allergic origin rash, you should see an allergist-immunologist. Self-administered antihistamines, you can achieve the disappearance of skin rashes, but it is worth remembering that in this case the cause of the allergy remains unknown, complex treatment is not carried out, which means that, most likely, more acute allergic reactions should be expected in the future.

By contacting " Family doctor", You'll get qualified assistance experienced dermatologists, allergists-immunologists, and pediatricians who will determine the cause of the rash and prescribe an effective course of treatment.

Skin rashes appear as a sudden appearance on the skin in any area of the body. The rash is characterized by changes in the skin, redness or blanching, and itching. Symptoms can develop as follows: local reaction to external provoking factors or manifest itself as a sign of the development of a pathological process. There are quite a lot of diseases that manifest themselves in the form of skin rashes, therefore the etiology of the symptom is varied.

Etiology

Skin rashes in adults and children can be formed under the influence of the following factors:

infections;
allergy;
disease of the blood and blood vessels.

Most common cause When a symptom appears, an infectious infection is considered. Doctors include such diseases as -, etc. These diseases manifest themselves in a characteristic rash, which is accompanied by, in the head, throat and abdomen, and stool disturbances.

Allergic skin rashes are also often diagnosed by doctors. This form of symptom development can be recognized by the absence of signs of infectious infection, as well as contact with the allergen. Very often, parents can notice a similar reaction on the child’s body. Provoking factors include food, animals, chemical substances, drugs.

If blood circulation is impaired and vascular disease, the patient may experience a rash for the following reasons:

decreased number or impaired functionality of platelets;
impaired vascular permeability.

Sometimes the symptom develops in non-communicable diseases, These include:

senile keratoma;
chloasma;
flat warts;
intertrigo;

Skin rashes form due to liver disease. If the organ's functioning is disrupted, the patient's skin tone changes and a rash appears.

Characteristic red rashes can be from insect bites, acne, psoriasis, fungal diseases and scabies. Also, redness on the skin can be caused by prickly heat.

Classification

Clinicians have determined that the types of rashes can include the following manifestations:

spots - there are red, brown, white macules;
blisters - appear as a dense and rough formation on the skin;
papules - an element that looks like nodules in the thickness of the skin;
blisters - they can be large or small, formed in the cavity of the skin with clear liquid;
erosions and ulcers - during formation, the integrity of the skin is compromised;
crusts - appear on the spot former bubbles, pustules, ulcers.

All of the listed types of rashes on the body are divided into primary and secondary. The first type includes nodules, blisters, ulcers, and blisters. And the second group of types of rash consists of the appearance of peeling, erosion, abrasions, and crusts.

Symptoms

If skin rashes in children and adults develop against the background of deteriorating liver function, then characteristic symptoms may indicate this:

yellow tint of the skin;
foul odor;
heavy sweating;
pain syndrome in the liver area;
itchy rashes on the body;
sudden weight loss;
broken stool;
brown tongue;
bitter taste in the mouth;
the appearance of cracks in the tongue;
venous pattern on the abdomen.

If the cause is infectious diseases, then the person skin rashes can begin on the skin of the hands, move to the face, legs, and gradually affect the whole body. With rubella, the patient is first overcome by a rash on the face and spreads throughout the skin. The first foci of inflammation are localized in places where the surface of the limbs is most often bent, near the joints, on the back and buttocks. All rashes can be of different shades - pink, red, pale, brown.

Infectious pathologies often manifest themselves not only in rashes, but also in other signs. The disease can be established in more detail using the following clinical picture:

elevated temperature;
malaise;
painful attacks;
certain areas on the patient’s body become inflamed, for example, eyes, tonsils, etc.;
May be ;
rapid heartbeat;
burning.

Rashes on the skin in the form of red spots are characteristic of the development of such infectious diseases as chickenpox, rubella, measles, scarlet fever.

Diagnostics

If any manifestations of the above symptoms are detected, the patient should urgently seek the help of a doctor. You can consult about rashes on the skin at,. After an initial physical examination and minimal testing, the doctor will refer the patient to another specialist if the cause of the illness is not inflammation, allergy or infection.

Treatment

Treatment of allergic skin rashes is prescribed by a doctor only after diagnosis has been made. Therapy is based on eliminating etiological factor, therefore, the drugs need to be chosen accordingly.

If a person develops a rash from mechanical damage or prickly heat, then there is nothing wrong with such a manifestation. At home, you can anoint the inflamed area with cream or oil to slightly relieve swelling and itching. Over time, the symptom will disappear. You can also eliminate the symptoms of the disease at home with the following advice from doctors:

wear things made of natural cotton to avoid irritation;
wash the body with baby soap or shower gel;
Eliminate from life all things that can cause skin rashes.

If the patient’s symptoms are more pronounced, have characteristic indicators, and cause discomfort to the patient, then a consultation with a dermatologist is necessary.

If the disease is caused by an allergy, then it is important for the doctor to identify this allergen using a test and then prescribe treatment. The patient must move away from this item or remove the product from the diet. This symptom can also be cured with antihistamine ointments and tablets.

If an external sign, namely a rash, has developed from a virus, and the symptoms of the disease are supplemented by fever, then the patient can be given antipyretic medications. When the disease becomes more complicated, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed.

Quite often, skin rashes due to diabetes mellitus, liver disease, infectious diseases or allergies are not very easily recognized by doctors, since the symptom often manifests itself in the same indicators - itching, redness, swelling. In this regard, doctors first prescribe therapy to the patient, which is aimed at getting rid of the signs, and not the causes of the disease.

Almost all of us have encountered the problem of a rash. It appears unexpectedly and brings a lot of inconvenience. In order to get rid of skin rashes, you need to establish the exact cause of their appearance.

Colorless rash in a child

Caring for a child brings a lot of worry and trouble. If a rash appears on the baby’s body or face, many parents often panic, although the first thing to do is show the child to a doctor. Before this, it is necessary to protect his contacts with a pregnant woman and other small children.

A colorless rash in a baby may indicate an allergy. The mother should review the baby’s diet and exclude those foods that could cause a reaction. But allergies are not always caused by a food reaction. It could be medications, pollen, dust and some types of tissue. Parents need to take all these factors into account.

A colorless rash on the forehead of a baby may be due to lactose deficiency. At the same time, the color of the stool acquires a greenish tint, and the child does not gain weight well. In this case, the nursing mother needs to give up sweets. Breast-feeding must be correct in order for the necessary enzyme to be produced in sufficient quantities.

Colorless rash on the body

If colorless rashes appear on the body, then these may be comedones. They arise due to increased activity sebaceous glands and follicular hyperkeratosis (impaired skin cell renewal).

Thanks to renewal, our skin can recover from negative environmental influences. These are chemical damage, solar activity and other factors. With follicular hyperkeratosis, there are much more dead cells. They stick together and form a plug or stone tube. If the formation becomes inflamed, a pimple forms. This is facilitated by bacteria and fungi that live on our skin and feed on secretions from the sebaceous glands.

Discolored rash on face

A discolored rash on the face may be an allergic reaction to sunlight. This is a manifestation of solar keratosis.

In some cases, rashes indicate molluscum contagiosum. This viral disease, the causative agent of which is a mollusk, which can be transmitted from another person through sharing household items and through sexual contact. Treatment involves surgical removal of the rash and the use of medicated creams. Both adults and children can get sick. Skin rashes consist of small and dense transparent blisters with a diameter of up to three millimeters. At first they can be single, then the nodules merge and form larger ones.

Pimples and blackheads appear spontaneously on the face. Everything was fine in the evening, but the next morning you notice small nodular formations on your cheeks, chin and forehead. The causes of rashes may be:

Problems in the functioning of the stomach, as a reaction to poor-quality food or an excess of sweet, salty or fatty foods.
Hormonal disorders in the body.
Diseases internal organs.

Discolored rash on hands

If a colorless rash appears on your hands, then you can assume that it is an allergy, skin disease or infection. To ensure that the rash spreads throughout the body, consult a dermatologist. If it is contact dermatitis, then you need to find out what substance caused it. At the initial stage, it is enough to wash the inflamed area and then treat it with an antiseptic. Then apply cortisteroid hormonal ointment. If itching begins, apply ice. The use of antihistamines is also necessary.

To avoid skin infections, wash your hands often, do not wear other people's clothes, and use only personal hygiene items.

There may be several reasons for the appearance of a small, colorless rash:

Allergic reactions of different nature: food, due to external exposure, or as a result of natural factors.
Metabolic disease.
Hormonal imbalances.
Avitaminosis.
Dermatological inflammation or fungal infection.

In women in adulthood, milia are formed when the sebaceous glands are blocked. These are small white pimples that are most often located around the eyes. Their appearance is associated with disorders of the liver.

The skin is the largest human organ and it is not surprising that in the process of diseases occurring inside the body, side effects appear on the skin in the form of various types of rashes. Any symptom requires careful attention to it, in this article about skin rash in adults, we analyze the causes with photos, help you identify the culprit of the rashes, and also consider diseases, early symptom which are often skin manifestations.

Since skin rashes are the first sign of many diseases, this signal cannot be ignored; any suspicious rash that suddenly appears should be examined by a qualified doctor (dermatologist, allergist or therapist), since the disease in a weakened form can manifest itself as skin changes, without additional symptoms.

A rash may indicate:

Problems immune system.
Gastrointestinal diseases.
Allergic reactions.
Problems with nervous system caused by stress.

So what is a skin rash?

It is generally accepted that a rash is caused by changes in the skin and (or) mucous membranes. Changes may include primarily changes in color, surface texture of the skin, peeling, itching in the area of redness and painful sensations.
The rash can be localized completely different places on the body, for different types rashes have typical places of appearance, for example, rashes associated with allergic reactions most often manifest themselves on the hands and face, while manifestations on the surface of the body are more often associated with infectious diseases.

Remember, scratching the rash is unacceptable in any case, this will lead to even greater skin irritation and the possible formation of ulcers.

Types of rash

Skin rashes may have different kind, but are always divided into two types:

Primary- occur in areas of healthy skin or mucous membranes due to pathological processes in organism.

Secondary– arise at the site of the primary ones for certain reasons (for example, lack of treatment)

By far the most favorable from the point of view of diagnostic possibilities and subsequent successful therapy are primary protrusions. All performances vary external signs such as size, shape, content, degree of coloring, grouping, etc.

Let's look at the main types of performances

Spot– Manifested by changes in skin tone or redness. It occurs in diseases such as syphilitic roseola, vitiligo, dermatitis, and birthmarks and freckles are also included in this type of manifestation.

Blister– Swollen redness with smooth edges, can be of regular or irregular shape, common causes of appearance: urticaria, insect bites, toxicoderma, usually does not require special treatment.

Pustule- a formation filled with pus in the layers of the epidermis, divided by type into superficial and deep. Accompanying diseases such as acne, impetigo, furunculosis, ulcerative pyoderma.

Nodule– can be found in all layers of the skin, externally it looks like a change in the surface of the epidermis with redness and a difference in density from the surrounding tissues, usually ranging in size from 1 to 10 mm. Typical manifestations of the nodule are caused by: psoriasis, several types of lichen, eczema, papillomas, various warts.

Allergy rash

The reason for the constant skin itching and visible rashes on the skin are often allergies; this is a fairly common occurrence nowadays, about 70 percent of people are somehow susceptible or have experienced allergic reactions.

What is an allergy? This is an aggravated reaction of the human immune system to an allergen that has entered the body, while in the process of getting rid of the presence of the allergen, the person’s blood vessels dilate, histamine is produced in large quantities, and redness, inflammation, swelling, and skin itching are almost always added to the above symptoms.

Attention! In case of acute allergic reaction with the formation of edema, the patient must immediately call an ambulance!

It also often manifests itself allergic dermatitis– when exposed to an allergen, a rash area forms at the point of contact, for example, when reacting to clothing – a rash in the area of the waist, back and those places on the body where clothing fits most tightly to the skin, or when reacting to perfume or deodorant – in the area of greatest contact with the substance (often under the arms)

At mild form Allergic reaction symptoms resemble those of a cold: runny nose, possibly increased salivation and watery eyes. If you experience symptoms such as dizziness, tachycardia, convulsions and nausea, this may indicate a severe allergic reaction in which there is a risk of developing anaphylactic shock, you must consult a doctor immediately.

Allergies can be caused by:

Pet hair
Plant pollen in summer or autumn
Medications
Food products (chocolate, milk, citrus fruits, etc.)
Various nutritional supplements
Substances contained in perfumes or household chemicals
Substances that make up wardrobe items (fabric, metals, dyes)

Rash due to infectious diseases

Rashes in infectious diseases are often characterized by stages of appearance, first it appears in one place, then in another, also for each infection there are typical places for rashes, a specific shape and size, it is important to remember all the details and, when interviewing, report all this information to the doctor.

Below we look at rashes associated with various infectious diseases:

Rubella– in the initial stage of the disease, a small rash appears on the face and neck, then within 2 to 6 hours the rash spreads throughout the body. Usually appears as round or oval redness ranging from 2 to 10 mm in size. Remains on the skin for up to 72 hours, then disappears without visible traces. If you find yourself with a similar rash, you need to consult and examine a doctor, since similar rashes are symptoms of many infectious diseases. We also recall that rubella poses a particular danger to pregnant women, since if the mother is ill, the infection can harm the fetus.

Measles– measles disease usually manifests itself with catarrhal manifestations. The rash appears after 2-7 days. The primary places of protrusion are on the skin of the nose and behind ears, then within 24 hours it spreads to the skin of the chest, face, then the arms and neck also become covered with rashes. After 72 hours, the rash also covers the legs; the rash is most often intense and confluent. After the active phase of the disease, the rash changes color and forms something like pigment spots.

Chicken pox– with the onset of the disease it manifests itself as red spots, then bubbles with a red ring and liquid inside appear, similar in appearance to dewdrops. After two days, the outer surface of the bubble collapses and becomes less elastic. Subsequently, the blisters become coarse, crust over and disappear within seven days without leaving any visible traces.

Scarlet fever- Rashes with scarlet fever appear 24 hours after infection, the areas of active manifestations are the back, groin, elbow and knee bends, and armpit skin. Then inflammation appears on the skin, sometimes there is a slight blue discoloration in the places where roseola forms. The face with scarlet fever is usually not affected by a rash.

Let's look at the reasons with photos:

Rashes caused by infection:

Herpes– a scattering of small transparent bubbles forms on the surface of the skin of the face and lips correct form, then within 72 hours the bubbles become cloudy, dry out with the formation of darkish or gray-yellow crusts.

Warts– the skin of the extremities is usually affected; they look like dense, rough, irregularly shaped formations of a grayish color.

Warts on the hand

Syphilis– the appearance of rashes generally always accompanies secondary syphilis; the rash is almost always varied in the visual signs of the elements and their number on the patient’s skin. Typically, a syphilis rash is not accompanied by any additional sensations or unpleasant effects, and after disappearance there are no traces left on the skin. Secondary syphilis is accompanied by spotty rashes, which are characterized by a symmetrical arrangement, brightness and abundance. After 60 days, the rash usually goes away, after some time the rash appears again, not as abundant, more dull in color, localized in places of skin trauma, between the buttock muscles, in the groin, on the shoulders and on the chest.

Candidiasis – (yeast diaper rash) the usual places of manifestation are in the area of folds of the skin, folds of the abdomen, most often affects overweight people, the first stage of the disease is accompanied by small blisters and pustules, which, when bursting, transform into wet erosions of a reddish-brownish color, showing a tendency to merge. Cracks and accumulations of whitish, mushy tissue form on the surface of the patient's skin.

Candidiasis

Pityriasis rosea– at the beginning of the disease, a red-pinkish spot appears on the skin of the chest and/or back with peeling in the central part, after which a spot-like rash of usually symmetrical shape forms on other parts of the body.

Shingles– manifests itself in the initial period as a group of blisters up to 50 mm, localized on one side of the chest, abdomen, head or shoulder; when they appear on the affected area, sensitivity worsens, accompanied by pain; after the blisters disappear, areas of hyperpigmentation and/or scars remain on the skin.

Lichen planus- usually the rash appears in the form of clusters of nodules and forms lines, rings or arcs on the skin with equidistant elements. Common sites of injury: torso, inner surface of extremities, genitals. The disease causes itching.

Molluscum contagiosum– shiny bubbles with smooth walls, translucent with a typical inclusion of pinkish, reddish or yellow flowers, with sizes from 2 to 10mm. Upon palpation, white mushy contents are released.

Rubrophytia– a disease of a fungal nature, in one hundred percent of cases a person’s feet are affected, at the initial stage it is keratinization and peeling of the skin between the 3rd and 4th toes; during the course of the disease, manifestations in the form of erosion and blisters are possible; if the disease develops, the entire surface of the foot is affected.

Athlete's inguinal– skin lesions are usually in the area of folds in the groin (locations may vary). In the initial stage of the disease, spots of a reddish hue of regular shape and with an unchanged surface appear. As the disease progresses, the heel usually merges and forms a lesion on the skin with scalloped borders. The main area of the lesion is covered with crusts, erosions and scales.

Acne– can appear all over the body, but more often occur on the face, usually during puberty, and are divided into comedones (clogged pores), papules, pustules, and cysts. With illiterate treatment and an advanced form, scars may appear on the skin after curing acne on the skin.

Vitiligo– white spots of various shapes and sizes become noticeable on the skin; the spots may merge into one.

Solar keratosis– formed due to excessive exposure sun rays on unprotected skin, looks first as redness then as a keratinized dry crust, affects mainly older people; if not treated promptly, carcinoma (skin cancer) can develop

Psoriasis– characterized by the appearance large quantity bright pink papules covered with scales, the number of papules increases as the disease progresses, they merge into large plaques, most often the rash at the initial stage appears in the area of the bends of the elbows and legs, as well as on the head.

Psoriasis

Human skin is the largest organ, which, like a litmus test, reflects what is happening inside the body. Any rash is the first sign of disease or infection, so do not hesitate if a rash appears on your body. If you have skin rashes, you should see a dermatologist, and if the rash appears in the genital area, you should see a gynecologist or urologist.

Types of rash and causes of its appearance

A rash is a visual change in the structure and color of the skin; it is characterized by redness, itching, peeling and even pain. The halo of the rash, despite its external integrity, consists of individual elements, which include:

ulcers (defects on the surface of the epidermis caused by slowing down the regenerative processes in the upper layers of the skin);
erosion (superficial epithelial defect without scar formation)
papule (dense nodule located above the surface of the skin);
vesicle (a fluid-filled capsule located in the upper layers of the epidermis);
pustule (a cavity formation on the surface of the skin filled with pus);
blister (an element on the surface of the skin caused by inflammation and swelling of the papillary dermis);
nodes (dense, painless nodules on the skin);
hemorrhages (subcutaneous hemorrhages caused by high permeability of the vascular walls);
petechiae (pinpoint subcutaneous hemorrhages caused by capillary injury);
ulcers (deeply located formations filled with pus).

Depending on the location of the skin rash, the source of the problem can be determined. In particular:

Allergic reactions cause a rash on the hands and face;
Infections are characterized by rashes on the torso (abdomen, back);
STIs are localized on the genitals, inner thighs and skin around the anus;
Stress weakens the immune system, so the rash is localized throughout the body (but, unlike allergies or rashes due to infections, the reaction to allergens and immunoglobulin will be negative)%;
Problems of the gastrointestinal tract are expressed in the form of serious skin abnormalities (with ulcerative colitis- erythema nodosum (inflammation subcutaneous tissue and vessels in the form of nodes), for problems with the pancreas - atopic dermatitis, intestinal infections provoke pyoderma - ulcers on the skin);
Rashes due to problems with blood or blood vessels appear on the abdomen and then spread throughout the body. It is characterized by the absence of itching.

What type of rash is typical for allergies?

Allergy skin rashes are not caused by an immune reaction of the blood to allergic elements. It's all because of haptens - simple ones. chemical compounds that are not immunogenic. But they tend to bind to the carrier protein. Attaching to a macromolecule, the newly formed complex synthesizes immunoglobulins. The body perceives it as foreign, causing an increase in the level of leukocytes. As a result, the skin becomes covered with red spots of different sizes and different locations.

An allergic rash is characterized by the following characteristics:

It does not always cause itching and fever;
Accompanied by swelling of the face, eyelids, runny nose;
The area of the rash corresponds to the places where the skin comes into contact with the allergen (for allergies to jewelry - on the wrist or fingers, to deodorant - in the armpits, to cosmetics - on the eyelids or around the mouth);
A blood test shows an increase in the number of eosinophils;
The biochemical blood test remains unchanged.

The most common form of allergy rash is hives. In appearance, it resembles pink spots that appear on the skin after contact with nettles. Hives are a reaction to pollen, cosmetics, and dust. Often localized on the bends of the elbows, knees and wrists. Accompanied by severe itching and peeling of the skin.

Depending on the allergen, the rash has the following types:

Allergy to food. It is an erythematous rash in the form of rough spots rising above the surface of the epidermis. Characteristic food allergies - severe itching.
Cold allergy. Occurs when exposed areas of skin come into contact with cold (air, water). Although cold does not directly provoke an allergic reaction, it is a trigger for an allergic reaction to improper functioning thyroid gland, spleen, etc. Cold allergies are accompanied by lacrimation, nasal discharge, as well as the appearance of whitish and pink scratch-like spots on the skin, which disappear on their own after some time. If a person has ever had an allergy to cold, he needs to see a doctor to find out the real reason malfunction of the body.
Allergy (atopic dermatitis) to dust/animal hair. It is often diagnosed in children. Manifests itself in the form of an itchy rash, accompanied by increased dryness skin. In some cases there are weeping ulcers. The simplest test to identify atopic dermatitis: take an ordinary school ruler and press on the area of the rash for 20 seconds. If a white streak remains on the skin after a few minutes, it is atopic dermatitis. If the skin has restored its previous shade, this is a rash of a different nature.
Allergy to alcohol. Alcohol has a vasodilating effect. Accordingly, more substances, including toxic ones, are absorbed into the blood. The more components in an alcoholic drink, the stronger the allergy to it. The most “dangerous” drink is absinthe, which contains wormwood, anise, fennel, coriander, and lemon balm. The skin becomes covered with red spots, as if from burns. In chronic alcoholics who drink cheap wine every day, a red, weather-beaten face is a consequence of constant alcohol intoxication of the body. If such a reaction occurred in ordinary person, he needs to find out the source of the allergy and consult a doctor. The biggest danger is Quincke's edema, when the lungs swell and the person dies within a few minutes.

There are 4 types of allergic rashes: food, contact, respiratory and respiratory. The biggest allergy sufferers are children. It should be remembered that not all products consumed by adults are suitable for children.

A child’s rash should not be ignored. The most dangerous is the rash caused by meningococcal infection. Outwardly she resembles food allergies, but at the same time the body temperature rises. It’s better to be on the safe side, and if your baby has any rash, you should consult a doctor.

Infectious rash: characteristic features and difference from allergic rashes

The distinctive features of an allergic rash are vesicles (capsules with liquid inside), papules (grain-like compactions) and pustules (bubbles with pus). U infectious rash these symptoms exist.

Various infections and viruses entering the body damage, first of all, the mucous membrane, as well as the skin. Unlike an allergic rash, an infectious rash is always accompanied by an increase in body temperature.

Also characteristic features infections:

body intoxication, vomiting, headache
fast fatiguability
phasing, spread of the rash to other parts of the body with each new day
enlarged lymph nodes
rashes look like papules, vesicles and pustules
the skin dries out and flakes off.

The infection rash is not itchy, but touching it is painful. The causes of rashes are the following diseases:

Herpes: depending on the type of virus, the skin of the face (lips) or the genitals (head of the penis, labia) are affected. The rash looks like blisters, which gradually open up and ulcers form in their place. Upon completion, a crust will form that should not be touched;
Scabies: The causative agent is a microscopic mite that leaves tiny tunnels under the skin. Unbearable itching occurs;
Chickenpox: The rash resembles a mosquito bite, filled with serous fluid. Vesicles spread throughout the body, including scalp heads. The soles and palms remain intact;

Scarlet fever: the rash looks like roseola - pinpoint pink spots various shapes. After a few days, the rash fades and turns brownish. After the temperature normalizes, the skin peels and flakes. A characteristic feature is redness of the tongue and enlargement of the papillae;
Measles: the rash looks like papules, which are localized on the inside of the cheeks and gums. The rash spreads from the neck down the back, lastly moving to the limbs. The mucous membrane of the eyes becomes inflamed;
Rubella: the skin becomes covered with red spots, localized in the thighs and buttocks, and malaise is observed;
Infectious mononucleosis: lymph nodes enlarge, adenoids swell. The rash is observed throughout the body, including on the roof of the mouth;
Meningococcal infection: it is extremely dangerous infection leading to the death or disability of a child. It is by the appearance of the rash that one can notice the symptoms of the disease on the first day of infection. A rash with meningococcal infection is a consequence of exposure to toxins caused by the activity of meningococcus, which increase vascular permeability. The rash is hemorrhagic in nature, that is, it looks like small hemorrhages. Mainly localized on the buttocks and limbs.

There is an effective test to distinguish meningococcal rash from other rashes. You need to take a glass, turn it over, press on the area of the rash and twist it a little until the skin around it turns white. If the skin turns pale at the site of the rash, then it is not a meningococcal infection. If the rash remains the same color, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Rash caused by diseases of the blood and blood vessels

A rash due to diseases of the blood or blood vessels is caused by damage to the walls of the capillaries, as a result of which petechiae appear on the surface of the skin - small bright red dots. Unlike ordinary hemorrhages, a rash due to blood diseases does not change color when pressed. Other signs indicate the disease:

joint pain (knees, ankles);
black stools, diarrhea, sharp pain in the abdomen as if poisoned;
the rash covers the entire body.

Diseases that cause hemorrhagic rash include:

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (Werlhof's disease) is a blood disease in which small arteries and capillaries are blocked by blood clots. Mainly found in children, especially newborns. The disease has autoimmune causes of unknown etymology. Those. platelets are perceived by their own immune cells as foreign body and attack them. The rash is painless, occurs as a reaction to the administration of any medication, and is localized at the injection site.

Hemoblastosis. This malignant tumor, which occurs very often in childhood. The rash has several types:

hemispheres of red-brown color, covered with a crust;
blisters with serous fluid inside;
rashes similar to bruises, both large in size and in the form of bloody dots that appear without any reason.

In all cases, the rash causes severe itching. Blood tests for hemoblastosis show a significant increase in the number of leukocytes due to decreased immunity. Hemoglobin drops, lymph nodes enlarge. Platelet counts drop and the child gets tired quickly. The main cause of rash in diseases of the blood or blood vessels is a decrease in the number of platelets and a disruption in the synthesis of proteins involved in thrombus formation. This rash also occurs when taking medications that thin the blood (Aspirin, Warfarin, Heparin).

Diabetic angiopathy. This is a violation bandwidth vessels lower limbs, provoked diabetes mellitus Types 1 and 2. Due to the disease, the walls of blood vessels become thinner and become fragile. This causes dystrophy skin. Ulcers and erosions appear on the skin.

Rash caused by digestive problems

The condition of the skin largely depends on the functioning of the internal organs. Using a map of rashes on the face, you can determine which organs have problems.

pimples on the forehead indicate problems with the intestines;
a rash along the hairline indicates problems with the gallbladder;
pimples on the bridge of the nose - problems with the liver;
ulcers on the temples - problems with the spleen;
rashes above the lip - disruption of intestinal function;
pimples on the nose - heart disease or endocrine disorders;
rash on the chin - gynecological problems.

Rashes due to liver diseases

On early stages Liver diseases practically do not manifest themselves at all. The earliest symptom is specific skin rashes. They are caused by an increase in the amount of bile acid, what causes general intoxication body. The skin takes on a yellowish tint.

Also characteristic is a combination of rash and spider veins, which cause severe itching that gets worse at night. Taking antihistamines (allergy medications) does not provide relief. Increased bilirubin gives the skin a yellowish tint.

Rashes due to intestinal diseases

If the contents of the intestines are poorly removed from the body, then some of the toxins will begin to penetrate into the blood. The body begins to get rid of poisons itself through the excretory system. Because of this, the condition of the skin worsens, and it becomes characteristic of:

increased fat content
dull complexion
acne, not only on the face, but also on the back, stomach, chest
noticeable “black dots” similar to volcanic craters
skin becomes dry and dehydrated
After acne heals, scars remain.

After the New Year holidays, many people note a deterioration in their skin condition and notice minor rashes that go away on their own. They are associated with contamination of the body with toxins caused by eating large amounts of heavy food.

Rash due to diseases of the pancreas

The pancreas regulates secretory functions, so disruption of the organ affects the condition of the skin. When pancreatitis worsens, hemorrhoidal (bruise-like) rashes are localized around the navel, and the skin itself acquires a marbled tint. Hives are located throughout the body in stripes, and red “drops” on the skin are also noticeable - vascular aneurysms. The more red protruding dots on the body, the more intense the disease.

Nervous rash

Stress, nervous tension often cause skin rash. Under the influence of a stressful situation, the immune system is suppressed. The body spends its resources to maintain the normal state of internal organs. For this reason, previously hidden diseases worsen. Also, weakened immunity provokes urticaria - a small rash similar to the reaction of the epidermis to the touch of nettles. This pathology is otherwise called nervous eczema. It, unlike a normal allergic reaction, is accompanied by the following symptoms:

severe itching that is not relieved by antihistamines
pulse quickens, hand tremors are felt
restless sleep, night sweats
panic attacks, feelings of anxiety and danger
swelling of the face and limbs.

Typically, nervous eczema occurs after a traumatic situation or severe stress. Treating skin rashes with creams or medications does not help. Improvement comes only after the life situation normalizes. Itching hives on nervous soil Soothing baths with sea salt, which also have a good effect on the nervous system.

Skin rashes due to gynecological problems

The condition of a woman’s reproductive organs is closely dependent on hormonal levels. Many diseases (uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometriosis) are caused by hormonal imbalance, in particular, the ratio of androgens (male sex hormones) and female sex hormones, which is primarily signaled by a specific rash on the skin. Androgens, particularly testosterone and DHT (dihydrotestosterone), are produced in women by the adrenal glands and testicles. Cells lining sebaceous glands skin, have androgen receptors. When the amount of hormones increases, the receptors react and the skin secretes more sebum, creating a nutritional base for bacteria. Moreover, DHT begins to be produced by the adrenal glands even before the onset of puberty, so in adolescents, especially girls, rashes have been observed since the age of 10-12.

With polycystic ovary syndrome, a woman's number of female hormones estrogen and progesterone and androgen levels increase sharply. In a woman, along with a violation menstrual cycle Severe “teenage” acne appears on the face and chest. Darkening of the skin is noticeable in the groin, armpits and around the neck. The woman also notes increased hairiness on her legs, arms, and above her lip. All this is due to hormonal imbalance.

An increase in the level of female hormones also affects the condition of the skin. In addition to acne on the face and body, excess estrogen makes the skin dull and dull. She seems to be losing her tone. There is also a decrease in blood sugar levels and an increase in platelet counts.

The increase in progesterone also does not go away without leaving a trace. The skin has progesterone receptors, which respond to the growth of the hormone by increasing the production of sebum until the appearance of oily seborrhea. The scalp becomes covered with crusts, pink spots appear on the face and body, the skin on which flakes and flakes off. In adolescents, the face becomes covered with bumps, which, when pressed, release a liquid sebaceous secretion.

Babies also experience hormonal rashes, which can be very frightening for a new mother. This is the so-called neonatal cephalic pustulosis. It arises because the baby begins to live separately from the mother’s body, and for him this is a serious hormonal shock. The secretion of the sebaceous glands increases, the ducts become clogged, which creates favorable conditions for the activity of microbes.

Also, the newborn’s body gets rid of the hormones that its mother supplied it with during pregnancy. In addition to skin rashes, girls have swollen breasts and vaginal discharge. In boys, the scrotum and penis swell. All these symptoms go away on their own after a few days. The mother needs to make sure that the baby does not sweat and that bacteria do not multiply on the skin.