Red spots in a 5 month old child. Why did the child have red, rough spots on his skin on different parts of the body - arms and back, face and stomach, legs? Juvenile plantar dermatosis

The health of a child at any age causes a lot of concern among parents. Even a minor runny nose or cough becomes a reason for a visit to your local pediatrician. What can we say about the situation when the child is covered with red spots. Blisters, blisters, pimples - any spots that suddenly appear on the baby’s body indicate that he should be provided with urgent care. health care.

Infectious diseases

A child’s fragile body is constantly susceptible to attack by harmful microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. A newborn baby, as a rule, is transferred to the mother's immunity to all kinds of infectious diseases. But there are situations when a child is born with a weakened immune system, which contributes to his susceptibility to infectious diseases. In later life, the baby comes into contact with a large number of people, which can also cause infection with diseases that are transmitted by airborne droplets or household contact.

The most common infections, often referred to as childhood infections, include measles, rubella, roseola, scarlet fever, varicella (or chickenpox), and infectious mononucleosis. Unites them general symptom- red rashes on the child’s body.

Measles rash

Measles - infection, characterized by the greatest contagiousness among other known ailments of this type. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets and has an incubation period of 1-2 weeks.

Measles is characterized by:

• increase in body temperature to 38 °C or more;
• weakness, lethargy;
• cough;
• runny nose;
• conjunctivitis ( inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye);
• rash on the inside of the cheeks;
• rashes all over the body.

With measles, the colors have an irregular shape. After a few days, the diseases change color to brown and merge with each other. The peculiarity of the disease is that it begins not with a rash, but with hyperthermia, cough and runny nose. Parents notice that the child is covered with red spots all over his body only on the 4-5th day of illness. All symptoms disappear and the skin is completely cleared after 2 weeks.

Treatment for measles is symptomatic, since there is no special drug aimed at combating its causative agent directly. It is important to maintain a drinking regime to avoid dehydration. Used to relieve eye inflammation eye drops, herbal decoctions. At high temperatures, you cannot do without antipyretics.

Diagnosis of rubella

Rubella is an acute viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets and household contact. Incubation period can last up to 25 days.

Symptoms:

• low-grade fever body (within 37.5 °C);
• slight runny nose;
• lethargy;
• enlargement and pain lymph nodes;
• headache;
• red, dotted rash that does not tend to develop significant areas of redness.

After the child is covered with small red spots, the skin will completely clear in 3-4 days.

As in the case of measles, there is currently no specific drug against rubella, so the symptoms of the disease are eliminated. Antipyretic, antiallergic, immunostimulating and general antiviral drugs are used.

The only prevention of measles and rubella is vaccination.

Chicken pox

A disease caused by the herpes virus, which penetrates the upper Airways as a result of communication with a sick person. The incubation period is 2-3 weeks.

Signs of the disease:

• rashes in the form of blisters all over the body, appearing in stages on different parts of the skin;
• heat bodies;
• may be accompanied by headache.

With chickenpox, others note that the child itches and becomes covered with red spots.

For the treatment of chickenpox, drugs such as Acyclovir and Alpizarin are widely used. Prevention consists of vaccination and timely isolation of a sick child.

Exanthema with scarlet fever

If a child is covered with red spots all over his body, another reason for this may be scarlet fever. This is a bacterial infection transmitted by household and airborne droplets and received its name for its characteristic symptom - a bright red rash.

How to recognize scarlet fever:

• red rashes that form large areas of redness throughout the body;
• angina;
• nausea;
• enlarged lymph nodes in the neck;
• high body temperature;
• absence of rash in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle, its pallor;
• peeling of the skin as the rash disappears.

Since scarlet fever is bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed for its treatment (Amoxicillin, Erythromycin and others). It is also necessary to adhere to bed rest, use immunomodulatory drugs, vitamins, agents for restoring intestinal microflora, and antipyretic drugs.

To reduce the likelihood of scarlet fever, it is recommended to maintain personal hygiene and avoid large crowds of people, especially during epidemics.

Roseola rash

Roseola is not an independent disease, but the body’s reaction to infection with herpes virus type 6. Children are most susceptible to this disease between the ages of 6 months and 2 years. You can become infected through airborne droplets or through household contact. Herpes type 6 is not transmitted through contact with skin covered in rashes.

Symptoms of roseola:

• increase in body temperature to 38-39 °C;
• slight runny nose and nasal congestion;
• cold hands and feet against the background of general hyperthermia;
• pale skin;
• possible febrile seizures;
• dark pink rash, which consists of spots up to 5 mm in diameter, slightly convex above the surface of the skin, with a pale edge.

Antiviral drugs are not used to treat roseola. The main means to alleviate the baby’s condition are antipyretics, drinking regimen, regular ventilation and wet cleaning.

To prevent the disease, it is important to strengthen the child’s immunity, maintain breastfeeding for as long as possible, and provide the child with healthy sleep And proper nutrition, appropriate for age.

Infectious mononucleosis

Mononucleosis is a disease caused by the herpes virus type 4, or Epstein-Barr. A child can become ill with mononucleosis through contact and household contact, mainly through saliva. A rash is observed in 25% of patients - upon examination it is noted that the child’s face is covered with red spots. The rash then spreads to the entire body.

Symptoms:

• signs of pharyngitis and tonsillitis;
• swollen lymph nodes;
• rash in the form of compacted pink or dark red spots;
• increase internal organs(spleen, less often - liver).

Treatment for the virus is symptomatic. Analgesics are used to relieve pain syndrome, drinking plenty of fluids to remove toxic substances from the body, antiseptic drugs to treat pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Antibiotics, antiherpetic and antivirals used for treatment severe forms disease and its complications.

Prevention consists of increasing the child’s immunity, limiting contact with sick people, and disinfecting the room where the sick person is located. Vaccine from infectious mononucleosis not currently created.

Allergy, diathesis, urticaria

Diathesis is a child’s predisposition to allergies. There are many reasons for diathesis and allergic reactions in infants and older children: bad habits of the mother during pregnancy, toxicosis, the presence of allergens in Everyday life mother and baby after birth (household dust, pet hair). In addition, the child’s immunity is not yet fully developed, which often causes an incorrect immune response to substances that are completely safe for an adult. These include some food products (eggs, chocolate, citrus fruits) and hygiene products (soap, shampoo, cream, and so on).

Symptoms of diathesis:

• redness of the cheeks;
• rashes of various types, which can be present both on the entire body and in individual parts of it, for example, it may be noted that the child’s hands are covered with red spots;
• periodic occurrence in places of redness of crusts;
• diaper rash that does not go away with personal hygiene;
• If the first signs are ignored, metabolic disorders develop, and a decrease in the child’s activity is possible with subsequent developmental delay.

To treat childhood allergic reactions, sorbents are prescribed to quickly remove substances that cause allergies from the body, and antihistamines to eliminate unpleasant symptoms.

If a child suddenly becomes covered with red spots, it is worth assuming one of the types of childhood allergies - hives. This is a sudden allergic reaction that manifests itself as characteristic blistering rashes on the baby's skin. Sometimes this symptom is accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting.

To prevent any allergies, it is recommended to avoid adding highly allergenic foods to the child’s diet; for hygiene procedures, use only hypoallergenic products intended for children. If the baby is on breastfeeding, Special attention should be given to the mother's diet.

Erythema nodosum

There is another ailment that is allergic in nature, for which characteristic symptom are skin rashes. This is erythema nodosum - an inflammatory process in human blood vessels, which was preceded by various infectious diseases.

A characteristic manifestation of the disease is that the child is covered with red spots, or rather, dense subcutaneous nodules, which on the surface of the skin look like red spots with a diameter of no more than 5 cm.

Treatment of erythema consists of two stages - getting rid of the infection that caused the disease, and relieving the symptoms of inflammation itself.

Antibiotics are used to treat infections, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to relieve inflammation, and physiotherapy is often prescribed.

The main preventive measure is timely consultation with a doctor for the treatment of infectious diseases that may further provoke erythema nodosum.

Manifestation of prickly heat

If your child is covered in red spots and his body itches, you may suspect he has a condition called prickly heat. This is a red rash on the baby’s body, most typical for newborns and children in the first year of life. Miliaria occurs because the skin of a baby is much thinner and more vulnerable than skin an adult, besides, thermoregulation is not sufficiently developed in children. Because of this, at the slightest irritation or irregular hygiene procedures, small pimples and sometimes blisters may appear on the child’s skin, which disappear after the irritant is removed (sweat, tight clothing, unnatural fabrics).

If a child becomes covered with red spots due to heat rash, what should he do?

• Observe hygiene rules.
• Dress your baby appropriately for the weather.
• Ventilate the room in which the child is located.
• Avoid tight swaddling.
• Wear newborn clothes only from natural fabrics.
• Use diapers made of breathable materials to help prevent diaper rash.

Ringworm and its variety - eczema

When a child itches and becomes covered with red spots, it is quite logical to assume that he has lichen - a disease of a fungal or viral nature. You can become infected with it from animals (ringworm), as a result of damage to the skin or diseases of internal organs (eczema), after infection with a fungus (pityriasis versicolor), as a result of malfunctions immune system(lichen planus), due to infection by viruses (lichen rosea).

Depending on the type of illness, it is characterized by different types of rashes:

• pityriasis rosea is characterized by the appearance of small round pink or red spots;
• Pityriasis versicolor is characterized by darker red or even red-brown rashes;
• with ringworm, in addition to red spots, peeling and itching of the skin appears;
• eczema is characterized by the appearance of red spots, crusts, peeling, cracks, blisters;
• With lichen planus, shiny nodules of a reddish-purple hue of irregular shape are formed.

Despite the fact that lichen is treated mainly at home, it is impossible to do without medical help - only a doctor can confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of illness. Depending on the type of disease, antihistamines, corticosteroids and antifungal drugs. It is also recommended to refuse bad habits and follow a special diet.

To prevent the disease, it is important to strengthen the immune system and limit the baby’s contact with street animals.

Psoriatic rashes

Psoriasis - chronic illness, which is non-infectious in nature, the causes of which have been poorly studied to date. The disease is not contagious; according to one version, it is not psoriasis itself that is inherited, but a predisposition to it.

Symptoms of the disease:

• spot-like rashes on the skin;
• itching of the skin;
• peeling.

Most often, young people under 20 years of age suffer from this disease. But it also occurs in children. Therefore, if a child is covered with red spots, one cannot ignore the likelihood of this particular skin lesion occurring.

Unfortunately, medicine is currently unable to cure psoriasis completely. To alleviate the condition and achieve a state of remission, blood purification, cryotherapy are used, and a visit to the solarium is recommended.

To prevent relapses, it is important to strengthen the immune system and avoid stressful situations.

Other causes of red spots on a child's body

In addition to the diseases described above, other reasons can cause the appearance of red spots on the body of babies:

1. Insect bites. The nature and size of the spots depends on what insect bit the child and on the individual reaction of his body, including the presence of allergic reactions.
2. Disorder nervous system- sometimes you can notice that when a child cries, he becomes covered with red spots. With such symptoms, you should exclude stressful situations in the child’s life, create a friendly atmosphere at home, and try to find out the cause nervous tension baby.
3. Spots in newborns. In newborns, mostly weak and prematurely born, red spots may appear on the skin in the first days after birth, which go away on their own and are considered normal.
4. A reaction to cold, or the so-called cold allergy, is redness of a supercooled area of ​​the skin, which goes away on its own after a few hours, sometimes the symptom persists for up to several days.
5. Diseases of cardio-vascular system and blood. These causes of rashes are extremely serious and require immediate consultation with a specialist.

If the question arises why the child is covered with red spots, it is necessary urgent consultation pediatrician, since the safest condition without timely assistance can be fraught with serious complications and consequences.

A real nightmare for mothers and fathers is the “blooming” of the child’s skin. In medicine, red spots on a child’s body are manifestations of exanthematous infections, allergic and other diseases. Parents do not need to be afraid of rashes, but should worry about the cause of their appearance. A child becomes covered with red spots for a reason, but because of the skin’s reaction to changes inside the body and in environment. The degree of influence of such rashes on the health of children varies, and their treatment and prevention differ.

Rashes or exanthemas on the skin appear due to inflammation, which is accompanied by vasodilation and infiltration in the tissues. Among the elements of the rash, primary and secondary are distinguished. Spots, nodules, bubbles and blisters belong to the first group. Scales, crusts, cracks, erosions, and pigmentation disorders are considered secondary. Such processes in the skin are characteristic of infectious and non-communicable diseases, “triggering” inflammation in the dermis.

Signs of a spot as an element of a rash:

• usually does not protrude above the level of healthy skin;
• formed at the site of vasodilation;
• most often has an irregular shape;
• diameter varies from 0.5 to 2 cm.

A rash in the form of dots with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 cm is called “roseola”. For example, with scarlet fever. Rubella is characterized by a small-spotted rash with spots ranging in size from 0.5 to 1 cm. With measles, large red spots appear on the child’s head with a diameter of 1–2 cm. The characteristics of the rash, namely the shape and size of the elements, their number, color, location, are required taken into account by doctors examining a sick child. It is also taken into account that the spots disappear when pressure is applied to them, and appear again after the pressure is removed. If bulging skin tumors appear, they do not disappear with pressure.

A maculopapular rash rises above the level of the epidermis. If the red spots do not disappear when the skin is stretched, then this is hemorrhage. The appearance of such elements is associated with damage or increased permeability of the capillary walls. The spots are red at first, then they turn yellow. The smallest hemorrhages are petechiae - no more than 0.5 cm in diameter, larger ones are purpura and ecchymoses.

Doctor, Candidate of Medical Sciences A.S. Botkina (Moscow) in one of her publications in the journal “Pediatrician Practice” notes that various skin lesions account for 30% of all requests. A child health specialist reminds that the most significant causes of skin changes are dermatological problems and allergies.

Another group of factors requires special attention, namely infectious diseases. Sometimes exanthema becomes a sign of a microbial or viral infection, which allows you to make a diagnosis as soon as possible and begin treatment in a timely manner.

Six classic childhood diseases

At the appointment, the pediatrician will definitely ask about when the rash appeared and about the presence of itching. When examining a child's throat, rashes on the mucous membranes may be detected. For example, small spots on the inside of the cheeks appear in children with measles. A symptom of scarlet fever is petechiae on the palate.

It is important to take into account all manifestations: rash, fever, intoxication, sore throat, cough.

When a child has red spots all over his body, the possibility of infection with one of the 6 classic childhood infectious diseases cannot be ruled out:

1. Measles.
2. Scarlet fever.
3. Rubella.
4. Infectious mononucleosis.
5. Erythema infectiosum.
6. Sudden exanthema (infantile roseola).

IN medical literature, especially foreign ones, diseases are called by numbers: “first”, “second” and so on until “sixth”.

Measles

In developed countries, cases of this disease are few and do not become epidemics. Measles is characterized by the appearance of bright red spots approximately 5 days after the onset of the disease. The elements have scalloped edges and are prone to merging. At the same time, the mucous membrane of the palate becomes covered with pink dots. The child has a fever and sore throat.

Scarlet fever

Dots and spots of bright pink color appear already on the first or second day of the disease. Elements of the rash are located against the background of reddened skin, thicker in the groin folds, armpits, neck, and sides of the body. The rash persists for about a week, after which flaky elements remain.

At the same time, the child develops symptoms of a sore throat, the pharynx becomes “flaming” red, and the nasolabial triangle remains pale. The tongue is initially covered with a white coating, but in the next 24 hours it clears and resembles raspberries. In modern children, scarlet fever often occurs without an increase in body temperature.

Rubella

One or two days after the onset of the disease, small red spots appear on the child’s bottom, as well as on the face, arms and legs. The spots disappear without a trace within 2–3 days. Redness of the throat, intoxication are mild, body temperature is subfebrile. Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck are characteristic.

Infectious mononucleosis

The causative agent of the disease is the Epstein-Barr virus, type-IV human herpes virus (HHV). Red spots and papules usually occur in children treated with ampicillin. Other symptoms of infectious mononucleosis: prolonged fever, inflammation and sore throat, swollen lymph nodes.

Erythema infectiosum

One of clinical manifestations parvovirus infection (B19). In foreign medical literature, mainly in English, fifth disease is often referred to as “slap marks” syndrome. In Russian publications you can find the following comparisons: “burning” or “slapped” cheeks. First, dots appear on the face, then they increase in size and merge into large red spots. These changes may be accompanied by itchy skin.

Two days before the rash appears, the child feels unwell, develops fever, nausea, and sore throat (in 30–35% of cases). Round pink-red spots appear on the shoulders, back and other parts of the body. The rash on the arms and legs appears less frequently. The infection is transmitted from patients only until the face turns red.

Sudden exanthema

The causative agent of the sixth disease or infantile roseola is HHV types VI–VII. Dry pink spots up to 5 mm in size become noticeable by 3–5 days of illness and disappear without a trace after a few days. The localization of the rash is mainly on the neck and torso, rarely on the face and limbs. Other signs of the disease: a sharp increase in body temperature to febrile levels, mild symptoms general intoxication. The child may have seizures. Specific therapy usually not required, only symptomatic treatment.

Spotted rash in children

Red spots signal health problems and are signs of several dozen different syndromes and diseases. If the rash is allergic in nature, then sometimes it is enough to take antihistamines, use ointments with glucocorticoids. This treatment is ineffective for infectious diseases. It is necessary to fight the cause of rashes - microbes and viruses.

Flu

The disease begins suddenly with a sharp rise in T° and general intoxication. Often a red spot appears in the child’s eye and nosebleeds. Occasionally, petechiae appear on the face and chest. The spots appear on the first day and disappear in the following days.

Hand-foot-mouth disease - enteroviral exanthema

Diseases are caused by enteroviruses, which are most active from spring to autumn. Measles-like enteroviral exanthema most often affects children early age. Spots with a diameter of about 3 mm are located on the face and torso and disappear after a day or two. Roseola-like exanthema is also called “Boston disease.” The rash on the face looks like round pink-red spots with a diameter of 0.5–2 cm. The spots disappear without a trace one or two days after their appearance.

Hand-to-mouth disease or viral pemphigus are caused by Coxsackie viruses and enterovirus-71. Children under 10 years of age are most often affected. The oral mucosa becomes covered with painful pink-red spots and vesicles. In approximately 75% of cases, a rash appears on the face, palms and heels, sometimes spreading to the buttocks and genitals. At first these are small red spots, then single or multiple bubbles. The disease usually proceeds without complications. Treatment is predominantly symptomatic, for example, if the palms are itchy, then antihistamine drops are given.

Pityriasis rosea

The exact reasons for the appearance of a large, rough spot with a diameter of about 5 cm on the waist or thigh have not yet been established. Scientists suggest that the activity of herpes viruses increases against the background of immunosuppression. Later, small “daughter” plaques of light red, crimson or pink appear.

Ringworm

The spots are often localized on the back of the head and limbs, have the shape of a ring or oval, and are very itchy and flaky. Treatment is carried out with antifungal ointment "Mikozolon", iodine tincture.

One of the causes of a small or large spotted rash is infection with thrush pathogens (yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida).

Staphylococcal infection

The cause is some kind of infectious focus, for example purulent wound or phlegmon. A pinpoint “scarlet-like” rash occurs 3–4 days after staphylococcal inflammation. The disease resembles a sore throat: fever, redness of the throat. Elements of the rash are densely sprinkled on the lower abdomen, located in the groin, in the natural folds of the body.

The introduction of pyogenic streptococci into the skin is the cause of streptococcal pyoderma. This pustular disease affects the body against the background of decreased immunity, deficiency of vitamins A and C, infection of wounds and burns.

Pseudotuberculosis

If a child is covered with red spots, then he may be infected with bacteria of the genus Yersinia. When children suffer from pseudotuberculosis, the rash looks like dots, spots and papules of varying diameters throughout the body. Clusters form on the palms in the form of “gloves”, on the feet in the form of “socks”, and “hood” on the head and neck. The body temperature rises, signs of intoxication are observed. After about a week, dry scales remain in place of the spots.

Red spots in diseases of non-infectious etiology

Spots on the testicles in boys and on the vulva in girls appear due to irritation of the delicate skin by feces, after overheating, in conditions of excessive humidity. Miliaria is a disease that accompanies infants. You should wash your child correctly and in a timely manner, and use only products that are safe for children’s skin.

Prevention of red spots in the groin area caused by poor hygiene infancy, is to change the diaper correctly . After removing the wet baby product, you need to wash the baby or wipe it with a damp sanitary napkin without alcohol. Allow the skin to “breathe” a little, then apply Bepanten or zinc ointment, or use Depatenol cream. After this, you can put on a dry diaper.

For parents, the health of the baby always comes first. When dermatological problems arise, adults begin to sound the alarm. Small red spots can be caused by various factors that are the result of various diseases.

Basic causes of red spots in children

The reasons for the problem are quite varied.

There are several main symptoms of red spots:

• Allergic reaction;
• Prickly heat;
• Chicken pox;
• Rubella;
• Scarlet fever;
• Measles;
• Hives;
• Exanthema is sudden.

The most common cause of red spots in children is an allergic reaction.

When an allergy occurs, the baby's skin becomes covered with red spots. Allergies can be triggered by foods, various mixtures, wearing clothes made of synthetic materials, toys, medicines. Parents should be aware that failure to consult a doctor promptly can lead to anaphylactic shock.

Prickly heat

Red circles without health problems appear in connection with prickly heat. As a rule, it occurs in the summer. Children tend to sweat a lot, especially for newborn babies. If you don't pay special attention to your baby's skin, prickly heat will get worse. It is important to use high-quality powders and thoroughly wash the newborn after exposure to sunlight.

Chicken pox

Chickenpox in children is a common illness. This is an infectious disease in which red dots and blisters appear on the skin. The disease is accompanied by itching. The spots are localized between the fingers, in the armpits and on the inside of the cheeks.

Scarlet fever

An infectious disease that most often occurs due to improper hand hygiene, unsterile clothing and toys. The main symptoms of the disease are pink spots on the skin in the area of ​​the nasolabial folds. Some children may have a sore throat.

Rubella

The pathology appears suddenly, with the formation of red spots on the back, chest and face. With rubella there is no increase in temperature.

Measles

Dry red spots are characteristic of a disease such as measles. At the initial stage of the disease, the baby is bothered by a runny nose and fever, and after a few days, irregularly shaped spots with a brownish tint appear. This pathology lasts about 2 weeks.

Hives

Hives are characterized by the appearance of red dots. Small blisters are accompanied by itching. Doctors say that this disease is a consequence of an allergic reaction. As a rule, the symptoms of the pathology disappear without the use of medications.

Pityriasis rosea

This pathology is accompanied by red spots in the area of ​​the body where the sweat glands work most actively. Pityriasis rosea can occur with fever and enlarged lymph nodes.

Sudden exanthema

This disease poses a serious threat to the child's health. Viral infection, which affects children under 3 years of age. initial stage illness - high temperature, irritation of the meninges. After a few days, the temperature drops, and redness and papules appear on the body. Rashes in to a greater extent concentrated on the torso and neck.

In addition to the diseases described, there are also other reasons that provoke the appearance of red dots on the body:

• Insect bites;
• Poor personal hygiene;
• Diseases of blood vessels and blood;
• Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract;
• Nervous tension.

Red spots on the skin of newborns

Often the skin of the baby's head becomes covered with dry crusts, touching which you can notice the appearance of red dots. Experts call such crusts milky. With proper hygiene, this problem disappears on its own.

2 days after birth, the baby may develop blisters. After a while they burst and disappear. This problem most often occurs premature baby. In newborn babies, the skin often suffers from prickly heat and overheating of the body.

If a breastfed baby experiences rashes, the nursing mother should reconsider her diet. Due to the fact that spots may indicate the presence of allergies, it is worth thinking about the advisability of using artificial mixtures.

How to treat red spots in a baby?

Before dealing with such a problem, you need to know the reason for the appearance of dots. If these are manifestations of an allergic reaction, the specialist prescribes antihistamines. In addition, it is important to monitor the baby’s diet and eliminate foods that cause allergies.

It is very important that clothes for a newborn are made of high-quality material. To wash children's clothes you need to use hypoallergenic powders or regular soap. At proper care After the baby, the rashes disappear on their own.

When spots are caused infectious diseases, the baby needs to be isolated. It is recommended to give the baby plenty of fluids and include vitamins in the diet. Points on the child’s skin are treated using local funds. For example, with chickenpox, the rash is lubricated with brilliant green or a solution of potassium permanganate. Children tolerate the disease easily, acquiring lifelong immunity to such viruses.

If rashes on the skin are caused by prickly heat, the baby should be bathed as often as possible.

It is useful to use special powders to keep the baby's skin clean and dry. Parents should monitor their baby's regular hygiene and prevent excessive sweating.

Prevention of red spots in a child

Prevention of red spots on the face and body of children is quite simple. The first and main rule is proper skin hygiene. Cleansing your baby's skin should be done using special products that are sold in pharmacies. You will be able to cleanse the dermis of pathogenic microbes and protect the delicate skin of the newborn.

In addition to pharmacy products, you can use folk remedies. For example, use a decoction of chamomile or string for bathing, and use regular starch instead of powder.

Proper nutrition will help you avoid spots on your child’s skin. It is necessary to exclude fatty, smoked and spicy foods from the diet. As a rule, it is precisely this kind of food that provokes allergic reactions. The menu should include fruits, dairy products, and vegetables.

Skin is one of the indicators of health. Any rash may indicate its violation. Red spots on a child’s body, photos with descriptions of some pathologies are in this article, can be caused by more than a hundred diseases. The cause can only be identified in laboratory conditions, after passing the necessary tests.

Allergies are one of the common causes of red spots.

Allergies can cause red spots on your baby's skin. It can be caused by weak immunity, plants, animal fur, etc. In this case, skin rashes occur different shapes and character. Their distinctive feature is their rapid manifestation after contact with the allergen and after its withdrawal - rapid disappearance. Red spots may appear as:

• bubbles with a diameter of 5 mm;
• pustules (with a cavity containing pus);
• vesicles (with a small hole containing liquid);
• spots that do not protrude above the skin;
• papules (protruding tubercles) without an internal cavity;
• plaques (dense formation, slightly elevated above the dermis).

Red spots on a child’s body can manifest themselves in different ways.

Allergic rashes are almost always accompanied by itching. In some cases, Quincke's edema (swelling of the larynx) appears. If you do not call an ambulance, the child may suffocate.

If the red spots itch, it's measles

When red spots appear and itch, it is measles. A rash is the main sign of the disease. When a healthy person comes into contact with a sick person, infection occurs 100 percent. Mostly rashes appear in young children.

Infections can be transmitted from a mother even to an unborn child. The greatest likelihood of infection remains in the first six days before the rash and four days after it. In this case, the rash spreads gradually:

• 1st day – on the head (in the hairy area), on the face, neck and behind the ears;
• 2nd day – torso and top part hands;
• 3rd day – completely spreads over the upper and lower limbs, but the spots begin to fade somewhat;
• 4th day – the color of all rashes continues to change, some rashes darken a little and peel off.

When red spots appear, the child’s condition sharply worsens, appetite decreases, lethargy and irritability appear. If in mild form– single rashes, without characteristic stages. More often, red spots on a child’s body are typical; their varieties are rare:

Red spots appear after vaccination. This rash is different from the usual one. Spots appear and disappear very quickly. With measles, the rash does not itch, but if itching occurs, it lasts no more than half an hour.

When red spots on the body look like bites and itch, this is urticaria

If red spots appear on the body like bites and itch, this is. The disease is not independent, but more often a manifestation of an allergy. Urticaria can occur due to asthma, shock and a number of diseases. Causes may include insect bites, hypothermia, dust, and sunburn.

At diabetes mellitus the rash may not appear immediately after contact with the allergen, but after several hours. This causes severe itching and red or pink spots. Localization of rashes - on the body, buttocks, arms. After some time, the spots begin to merge.

If a child has solar urticaria, then the rashes appear only on areas of the body that were exposed to the rays. The disease can progress to chronic form, then the spots will appear for years. Usually they disappear after a couple of days. Complications of urticaria - Quincke's edema, depression, suppuration of the affected areas.

Infectious mononucleosis, red spots without fever

If a child is diagnosed, red spots without fever begin to appear throughout the body. The disease is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It mainly clings to children under 10 years of age. Infection is transmitted by airborne droplets. The first rash may appear within a couple of weeks.

The child's body becomes covered with red spots in the first stages. In this case, the baby experiences enlarged lymph nodes and fever. The rashes do not itch. The spots are small and may be pink. If you start to itch, it may be due to an allergy to medications.

With mononucleosis, the rash is often combined with sweating, damage to the tonsils, lymphadenopathy, and enlarged spleen and liver. Getting rid of Epstein-Barr can be difficult.

Diagnosis: psoriasis, red rough spots

Once diagnosed, red, rough spots are one of the most common signs of the disease. The plaques are round-oval in shape, less than a centimeter in diameter. The rash can be in the form of red, dense papules, slightly raised above the skin.

The spots appear mainly on the knees, elbows, lower back or scalp. Then they begin to spread throughout the body. They begin to merge into large spots - up to several centimeters. Sometimes they are surrounded by a ring of pale skin. The spots quickly thicken, become embossed, with scales.

Surely, mothers, seeing signs of redness on the child’s skin, experience real panic. Some of them, without thinking about the consequences, first of all give the baby antihistamines. This is a wrong decision, because a child’s red spots are a sign of dozens of absolutely various diseases, treatment methods that are very different from each other.

If the first signs of redness appear on the baby’s body, it is necessary to go to the hospital for tests and a full examination. There are a number of diseases that are accompanied by elevated temperature. But there are also those whose symptoms do not include temperature. Diathesis. Many children younger age, delicate skin reacts to various external or internal irritants with red inflammation on the face, neck and chest. This is a protective reaction of a small organism.
In infants, such inflammations often occur if the nursing mother does not adhere to the diet. In addition to this internal factor, there may be external irritants in the form of: an unsuitable diaper, rompers with a tight elastic band, underwear with rough seams. You can’t ignore the detergent for washing clothes and bathing. If the baby is on artificial feeding, the cause of the onset of diathesis, which is manifested by the appearance of red areas, may be precisely the mixture used. Quite often, diathesis goes away after contact with the irritant is eliminated. Miliaria are red spots on the baby’s skin, as well as in its folds and under the diaper. The delicate skin under the diaper practically does not “breathe”, the sweat glands become clogged and the body reacts with small rashes and redness. There are often cases of heat rash on the neck of babies. Sweat or saliva in infants flows like a stream down the beard and neck, accumulates in folds and provokes irritation. In order to avoid such manifestations of skin reactions, it is necessary to carefully monitor hygiene: change the diaper on time, wash the bottom after each change and thoroughly blot the skin with a soft towel.
The baby must not be allowed to overheat. Dress it according to the weather, without allowing you to sweat under your clothes. Ringworm. There are several types of lichens that affect the skin and cause red areas to appear: ringworm, pink lichen and versicolor versicolor.

• Shearer. After scratching, the inflamed area peels off and skin flakes peel off. We cannot ignore ringworm, which causes great discomfort to a little person and, without treatment, can cover the entire baby from the top of the head to the toes.
• Pink. Most often it appears in children with weak immune systems. The affected areas are large, very itchy and can appear all over the body. To relieve itching and alleviate the condition, doctors recommend using hormonal ointments and antihistamines. distinguish the signs pityriasis rosea for allergies, tests will help and full examination at the doctor's.
• In cases with tinea versicolor, the child will have redness of the skin with a brown tint. After healing, the reddened area becomes slightly lighter than the color of the entire body. To treat lichen versicolor, use antifungal drugs medications.

Allergic reactions

Please note that the child’s body’s reaction may appear even after 1-2 days after contact with the allergen.

Insect bites

• a solution of water and alcohol in a 1:1 ratio,
• antiallergic ointments,
• zinc ointment,
• vinegar,
• zvezdochka, calendula tincture,
• Bepanten ointment,
• balm Rescuer,
• ointments Hydrocartisone or Sinaflan (from two years).

• severe sore throat and raspberry-colored tongue,
• nasolabial triangle white,
• heat.

Chickenpox or varicella

• weakness,
• elevated temperature,
• small round spots on the skin that appear through a short time become convex, with liquid inside.

Rubella

Treatment of red spots

Prevention