What are the causes of sore throat? How to cure a severe sore throat when swallowing and what causes it. Traditional methods of treatment

Sore throat - common symptom diseases of the pharynx, which are quite diverse and include inflammation, neoplasms and injuries. The classic version of pain in the throat that occurs with or without swallowing is acute inflammation of the tonsils (tonsillitis) or.

In addition to pain, these pathologies are characterized by a rise in temperature, redness of the pharynx, palatine arches, tonsils, as well as multiple purulent deposits in the follicles or lacunae of the tonsils. You can read more about these diseases in the articles.

What are other causes of pain or soreness in the throat?

Sore throat and fever

Sore throat when swallowing is a very common companion to acute pharyngitis. Moreover, in addition to painful swallowing, a person with pharyngitis may be bothered by a dry throat. Viscous mucus may accumulate in the throat, ranging from transparent (with allergies) to yellow or green (with a bacterial process).

Pharyngitis is often accompanied by a rise in temperature to subfebrile levels (37.5). Moderate intoxication may also occur - pain in muscles, head, joints. Regional reactions are also possible lymph nodes in the form of enlargement, thickening and soreness of the submandibular and cervical groups of lymph nodes. If you shine a flashlight into your throat, press your tongue and examine your throat, you can see redness and swelling in the area of ​​the soft and hard palate, palatine arches and tonsils. The main difference between pharyngitis and tonsillitis is the absence of purulent deposits on the tonsils or in the pharynx.

By origin they distinguish the following types acute infectious pharyngitis:

• Viral - adenoviral, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, cytomegalovirus, caused by Epstein-Barr virus, coronaviruses
• Bacterial - streptococcal, staphylococcal, mycoplasma, caused by Haemophilus influenzae
• Fungal - candida
• Allergic, toxic, nutritional- when irritated chemicals, low temperatures, tobacco smoke and cigarette tars
• Radiation - from exposure ionizing radiation, for example, during radiation therapy

A prerequisite for the development of acute bacterial or viral pharyngitis is infection with a bacterium or virus and a decrease in the local immune defense of the pharynx, against the background of:

• fasting
• hypothermia
• taking medications that suppress the immune system
• chronic diseases

Pharyngomycosis is a fungal infection of the pharynx by fungi of the genus Candida albicans often appears during treatment with systemic or inhaled glucocorticoids, after a course of antibiotics, against the background of diabetes mellitus or immunodeficiencies.

• Unlike bacterial inflammation, pharyngomycosis causes more pronounced discomfort in the throat (scratching, rawness, soreness, dryness and burning).
• The pain is more moderate, intensifies when eating and swallowing saliva, and can radiate to the front surface of the neck, under the lower jaw or into the ear.
• Intoxication is very typical.
• A distinctive feature of this type of pharyngeal lesion is white or yellowish plaque in the area of ​​the palatine arches and tonsils. soft palate.
• After rejection of plaque or when removing it with a spoon or spatula, weeping, bleeding surfaces appear, which increase the soreness of the throat and can serve as a gateway for the addition of a secondary bacterial infection.

Pharyngomycosis is separated from diphtheria, which also has plaque and intoxication. Main method differential diagnosis– cultures from the nose and throat for BL (Leffler’s stick).

Pain when swallowing without fever

Often the throat hurts without any temperature reaction, causing a lot of inconvenience when eating, talking and alarming patients.

Acute pharyngitis

Pharyngitis of an allergic, toxic or nutritional nature (when irritated by various substances or temperature) gives brightly colored pain and discomfort when swallowing. No temperature is observed. The easiest way to get pharyngitis is to smoke a cigarette.

• At the same time, the pharynx becomes irritated and turns red
• Her swelling develops
• The mucous membrane becomes congested and dry
• There is a sore throat, dryness and coughing
• Maybe sharp pain in the form of tingling

Of the interesting options for medicinal pharyngitis, it is worth noting pharyngitis against the background of the proton pump blocker Zulbexa (Rabeprazole), antitumor agent Tegafur, cytostatic agent Methotrexate.

Chronic pharyngitis

For catarrh or mucosal hypertrophy

• there is a feeling of soreness, rawness, tickling or scratching in the throat
• it may also create the impression of a foreign body in the pharynx, which does not prevent the swallowing of food
• typically frequent swallowing, with the help of which patients try to get rid of the feeling of a lump or obstruction in the throat

Granular process

It has more vivid manifestations than catarrhal. The main reasons for its appearance:

• frequent acute pharyngitis
• smoking, alcohol abuse
• gastro-esophageal reflux (reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus when the sphincter of the inlet of the stomach does not close)
• dusty and polluted air indoors or outdoors, allergies

Atrophic pharyngitis

accompanied by dry throat and difficulty swallowing food. Patients often have a tendency to increased bleeding of small vessels of the pharynx. The feeling of a dry throat makes patients drink more. There is a frequent connection between atrophic pharyngitis and gastrointestinal diseases and its spontaneous subsidence against the background of treated gastritis, peptic ulcer or duodenitis. The terminal stage of atrophy of the pharyngeal mucosa is accompanied by its sharp thinning, the appearance of many crusts and erosions and a fetid odor (ozena).

Injuries to the pharyngeal mucosa

This is a common cause of pain when swallowing. Acute injuries can be chemical (vinegar and other acids, alkalis, alcohols), thermal (burn with boiling water) and mechanical (foreign bodies in the pharynx, cuts, puncture or lacerations, gunshot wounds).

Chemical burn

This is one of the most unpleasant, dangerous and difficult to treat pharyngeal injuries. Moreover, the longer the exposure time on the mucous membrane and the more concentrated the solution, the deeper the damage, the more extensive the erosion of the mucous membrane and the higher the risks of bleeding and infection. A severe sharp pain appears in the throat, and bleeding may occur. Burns with vinegar and alkalis produce white scabs in the mouth and throat, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids produce brown scabs, and Nitric acid– yellow.

In the distant future, severe burns cause severe scarring, which leads to narrowing of the pharynx and esophagus, requires long-term parenteral nutrition (in IVs or through a stoma in the intestine), depletes the patient, who often needs surgical treatment and long-term recovery. Burns acetic acid among other things, they can be accompanied by poisoning and acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis.

Thermal burns

Such burns most often occur in everyday life from carelessness or haste, when a person drinks hot tea, coffee, milk or eats soup. Usually the mouth cavity is burned, but hot liquid can also get into the throat, causing burns of varying degrees. Burns from steam and gas are also possible.

The first degree of thermal or chemical burn leads to damage to the mucosal epithelium, which sloughs off by 3-4 days. The throat turns red and swells somewhat. Subjectively, the victim feels pain when swallowing in the esophagus and a burning sensation in the throat.

The second degree gives not only local changes in the mucous membrane (plaques in the form of a scab, which is torn off after a week, revealing bleeding surfaces), but also changes general well-being the victim in the form of intoxication and a rise in temperature. Mucosal defects heal through scarring.

The third degree is extensive and deep damage under the scabs, which disappears by the end of the second week, extended erosions and ulcers of the pharynx, slowly healing and leaving scars that can deform the lumen of the pharynx and narrow it. Intoxication and temperature reaction are pronounced, and burn disease with multiple organ failure may develop. Such burns are complicated by laryngitis, tracheobronchitis, inflammation of the mediastinum, perforations and bleeding.

Mechanical injuries

Mechanical injuries are most often caused by foreign bodies entering the pharynx. In the space between the tonsils, arches, in the back of the oropharynx and in the area of ​​the ridges, small household objects can get stuck (and in children, construction parts or parts of toys, wood chips, balls, seeds and apple peels).

Fish bones, needles, and glass from broken dishes or cans also often get stuck. Children sometimes bite into Christmas tree decorations or glass ampoules with medicines left unattended. After biting, the latter can also leave cuts in the mouth and throat. Foreign bodies in the upper parts of the pharynx are clearly visible and can be easily removed.

But the middle and lower parts of the pharynx, which are difficult to examine, can retain a foreign object for a long time and become inflamed. They cause severe pain, increasing as food moves along. If foreign body gets into the laryngopharynx and it is quite large, breathing difficulties may occur. With retropharyngoscopy, the ENT doctor manages to find, if not the object itself, then the redness, swelling and sedimentation of the pharyngeal mucosa left by it.

What is a retropharyngeal abscess?

If the pharyngeal mucosa is damaged to a considerable depth by a foreign object, a retropharyngeal abscess may develop, which also causes pain in the throat (to the right or left of the midline). The reason for its development is the penetration of infection into the retropharyngeal space. Often this complication is caused by puncture wounds and piercing foreign bodies in the pharynx. The clinic develops in two to three days:

An abscess is usually identified already at the stage of examining the pharynx. If necessary, the diagnosis is confirmed by x-ray examination.

Tumors

Tumors are divided into benign and malignant. From benign tumors Only large adenomas can make swallowing difficult and cause some pain. Malignant neoplasms necessarily in their development come to the stage of periodic or constant pain. Most often, tumors grow from the tonsil and soft palate. Less often - from the back wall of the pharynx.

• Tumors of the epithelium (epitheliomas) begin with superficial ulceration, then give regional lymphadenitis with a wooden density of nodes fused together. As it progresses, the depth and extent of the ulcer increases, and pain increases with a characteristic reflection in the ears.
• Lymphosarcoma causes swallowing, breathing and pain disorders.
• Reticulosarcoma is similar to lymphosarcoma, but differs in earlier metastasis.
• Of the external tumors, cancer deserves attention thyroid gland, which also causes difficulty in painful swallowing, a sensation of a foreign body in the lower parts of the pharynx, and pain in the neck. As the tumor grows, it makes breathing difficult, causing shortness of breath and coughing, as well as swelling of the neck and hoarseness of the voice.
• Also, with ) a sensation of a lump in the throat and difficulty swallowing may occur.

Other causes of sore throat when swallowing

Cervical osteochondrosis

It produces a condition called “pharyngeal migraine.” This sensation of a lump in the throat can cause painful sensations if swallowed (if the 3rd pair of spinal nerves is affected). Also, compression of the third root gives a feeling of pain behind the ear, a feeling of enlargement of the tongue. If the fourth root is damaged, in addition to pain and difficulty swallowing, pain in the heart and collarbone may appear. A qualified neurologist should deal with such a problem.

Neurotic disorders

Sore throat due to sexually transmitted infections

Syphilis of the pharynx

It begins to appear approximately a month after infection. At the site of penetration of Treponema pallidum into the mucous membrane, an ulcer with dense edges and a smooth bottom (chancre) is formed. An enlargement of the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes which become painful and dense. The chancre itself does not hurt until microbial flora penetrates into it, causing secondary suppuration. After 2-3 months, when secondary syphilis develops, multiple bright tubercles with ulceration (syphilides) may appear in the pharynx. A dry cough may appear, and when the process spreads in the larynx -.

Gonorrhea of ​​the pharynx

In this case, the picture will resemble a banal sore throat: a sore throat and purulent plaque on the tonsils. Infection occurs during oral sex, and in newborns during childbirth from a sick mother.

Pain in the larynx when swallowing

Sometimes not only the pharynx, but also the windpipe (larynx) responds with pain to swallowing movements.

Thus, if you or your loved ones begin to experience pain in the throat or neck while eating, you should not put off visiting an ENT specialist or therapist.

The wasp passages and lymphoid tissue of the tonsils are the first barriers that prevent the entry of harmful microorganisms into the body through inhaled air.

At sharp decline immunity, frequent hypothermia, allergic predisposition, the protective forces weaken.

A person feels the first signs of the spread of infection: he has a sore throat and it hurts to swallow; the condition may be accompanied by fever, loss of voice, weakness, sneezing and watery eyes. Symptoms vary depending on the cause of the pathology.

Today we need to figure out why painful sensations, and whether only a common cold can provoke such a symptom, and also what are the methods of getting rid of the problem.

When the throat hurts when swallowing, the cause is often viruses and bacteria, less often allergies and, in exceptional cases, endocrine disorders.

Symptoms may be accompanied by swelling of the tissues of the larynx, the formation of purulent lacunae in the tonsil area, rashes on the surface of the mucous membrane, and the accumulation of bacterial plaque.

The presence or absence of additional symptoms depends on the causes of the disease. There are three types of etiology - bacterial, viral and allergic.

In some cases, pain and soreness are caused by problems with gastrointestinal tract. It is worth talking about these diseases in more detail.

Viral pathologies

Caused by microorganisms of the corona virus, parainfluenza, influenza groups, respiratory infections and others.

At first, a person notices weakness, decreased performance, nasal congestion, sneezing and symptoms of a dry cough. The mucous membrane of the throat is irritated, and redness is observed in the area of ​​the palatine arch.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the mucous and lymphoid layers of the throat tissue, which without adequate treatment becomes chronic.

Develops as a result of penetration of viral flora into the nasopharynx.

Characteristic symptoms are considered cutting pain in the throat, especially with, slight increase in temperature, febrile symptoms, nonproductive cough, caused by the accumulation of mucus on the posterior laryngeal wall.

Diffuse redness is noticeable over the entire area of ​​the palatine arches and larynx.

Laryngitis

An inflammatory process that spreads to the throat and vocal cords, often accompanied by measles, chickenpox and other viral infections.

The first signs are hoarseness of voice, burning pain when swallowing food and water, swelling of the mucous tissue.

Severe inflammation provokes laryngeal stenosis with signs of shortness of breath, the patient has an elevated temperature, the skin of the face and extremities is pale and bluish. Often a secondary bacterial infection is associated with the viral form of laryngitis.

Viral tonsillitis

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils, which has several forms (catarrhal, follicular, ulcerative, film). Accompanied by a sharp increase in the readings on the thermometer and muscle weakness.

When swallowing, it hurts and scratches in the throat, it radiates to the temples, then accumulations of bacterial plaque appear in the cavity of the lacunae (tonsils), and in the purulent form, characteristic plugs form.

ARVI

The most common disease caused by both rhinoviruses and adenoviruses.

The pathology begins with a slight increase in temperature, a dry, irritating cough, then the infection spreads to the throat, which causes a dull, nagging pain when a person swallows.

As the virus is transported through the bloodstream, signs of intoxication appear - chills, headaches, body aches, low-grade readings on the thermometer - 37.5-38°C.

An uncomplicated disease ends with a runny nose and a wet cough, as Airways cleared of affected epithelial layers.

Infectious mononucleosis

The disease, which most often affects young people, is transmitted through saliva and other body fluids, also called “kissing disease”, caused by a virus Epstein-Barr.

The incubation period is 7-21 days, a person may not realize that he is sick.

The active phase begins with a sharp rise in temperature, then an enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes occurs. Periodic dull pain in the throat occurs, intensifies with swallowing movements and talking - this is a consequence general intoxication. Due to similar symptoms, the disease is often confused with tonsillitis.

A doctor must identify the type of viral infection, since treatment will differ depending on the type of pathogen and clinical manifestations. The addition of a bacterial infection can influence the choice of treatment tactics.

Bacterial infections

Any of the listed viral infections can be complicated by the introduction of a bacterial pathogen into the body, which forces doctors to diagnose the patient with bacterial pharyngitis and laryngitis.

But streptococcal sore throat is considered one of the true bacterial pathologies.– this pathogen attaches to the surface of the mucous membrane of the throat, releasing a huge amount of toxins and antigens that affect the heart muscle, joint tissue and kidneys. This bacterium has increased resistance to human immune cells.

The patient is also advised to take herbal preparations that increase immunity are Immunal, liquid Echinacea extract, Imupret solution, rose hip syrup.

Treatment of fungal infections of the throat

If the throat is affected by Candida fungus, the treatment will be different, because infections of yeast-like microorganisms are eliminated with appropriate medications:

• treatment of the throat mucosa with Furacilin, methylene blue, soda solution, Lugol's solution;
• reception antifungal drugs– Fluconazole, Nystatin;
• use vitamin complexes, enriched with groups B and C;
• ultraviolet irradiation of the inflamed mucous membrane of the throat;
• taking immunomodulators.

The use of Intraconazole has a good effect– an antifungal agent that suppresses the reproduction of the Candida pathogen and prevents the spread of infection throughout the body.

To gargle, you can use Propolis tincture or Kalanchoe juice.

Treatment of allergic sore throat

Therapy for sore throat caused by an allergic reaction of the body takes place in several stages:

• desensitization (stopping an unexpected reaction of the body to a stimulus);
• reducing inflammation and eliminating swelling of mucous tissue;
• softening of the laryngeal epithelium;
• cleansing the body;
• increasing immunity.

If the sore throat is of an allergic nature, it is necessary to identify the irritant and limit contact with it in order to stop the release of histamine and other substances into the blood.

Drugs that are prescribed to the patient in addition to symptomatic therapy:

• antihistamines - Claritin, Loratadine, Zyrtec, Suprastin;
• mast cell membrane stabilizers;
• Hydrocortisone – in severe cases allergic reaction;
• enterosorbent preparations – Enterosgel, White coal, Smecta.

The patient is advised to adhere to a drinking regime; during treatment it is worth limiting going outside if the symptoms are provoked by flowering herbs or polluted air.

If a sore throat is accompanied by an allergic runny nose, the doctor may prescribe intranasal administration of hormonal sprays Nasonex, Beconase, Avamis.

Alternative medicine

Folk remedies can be an excellent auxiliary way to combat sore throat and discomfort when swallowing at home.

To reduce the level of inflammation, soften irritated mucous membranes and make you feel better, you can follow the following recipes:

• dissolve half a teaspoon of soda in a cup of warm milk and add a spoonful of honey, drink it at night and immediately go to bed (if desired, you can replace the soda with melted butter);
• dissolve a small piece of propolis (5 mm in diameter) in your mouth; this beekeeping product has powerful anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, unless you are allergic to it;
• gargle with decoctions of sage, calendula, mint, chamomile, St. John's wort, also suitable for this purpose Rotokan solution And propolis tincture;
• carry out inhalations with essential oils of thuja, pine, eucalyptus, sea buckthorn, tea tree– they all have powerful antimicrobial properties and perfectly relieve inflammation. Can
• prepare a solution for inhalation with a decoction medicinal herb, which has soothing, healing and anti-inflammatory properties - plantain, coltsfoot, calendula;
• drink a fortified drink that can cope even with a bacterial pathogen - for this you need to mix a spoonful of black radish juice and natural honey, pour the composition into a glass of warm boiled milk;
• drink a rosehip decoction, to which you can add a spoonful of raspberries, honey or grated ginger to taste - this vitamin drink well stimulates the immune system to independently fight infection.

Will bring good effect foot baths with dry mustard powder(in the absence of temperature), the liquid level should cover ankle joint, otherwise the procedure will be of no use.

During treatment, it is necessary to regularly ventilate the living space, carry out wet cleaning and maintain an optimal temperature (20-22 degrees), since dry hot air contributes to thinning of the throat mucosa and increased inflammation.

Angina. What to do when the disease “takes you by the throat”

In contact with

Speaking about chronic sore throat, we mean pain that has been bothering a person for a long time without any visible connection with infectious diseases and acute pathologies of the pharynx.

Diseases of various etiologies can cause pain.

In addition, constant exposure to certain factors environment can lead to disruption of the pharyngeal mucosa, resulting in dryness, soreness, and pain.

In rare cases, pain can be caused by serious illnesses in the body, for example, tumor processes.

Therefore, you cannot ignore any sore throat that bothers a person for a long time. A timely visit to an ENT doctor can save a person from complications of the underlying disease.

Possible causes of persistent pain

Pain syndrome signals the presence of a pathological process in the throat. It can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms, disruption of the functioning of various human organs and systems, deficiency of vitamins in the body, physical and chemical properties inhaled air.

With tumor tumors in the area of ​​the pharynx and larynx, as well as with neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal and superior laryngeal nerves, pain of varying degrees of intensity also occurs.

Chronic tonsillitis and pharyngitis

Infectious diseases accompanied by tonsillitis can become a trigger in the development of chronic inflammation of the tonsils. At the same time, in initial stage With this disease, the tonsils are still able to perform their function, and the person is only bothered by a moderate sore throat.

The occurrence of chronic infection in the tonsils is based on their damage by streptococcus, staphylococcus, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, adenovirus, herpes virus, fungi and other microorganisms.

When examining the throat, enlarged tonsils are visible, usually normal Pink colour, sometimes with plaque on them or lacunar plugs. The process involves the palatine arches, which can be hyperemic and thickened, fused to the tonsils.

If left untreated, this disease progresses to a decompensated stage. At the same time, exacerbations of the disease become more frequent, and the patient is bothered by frequent sore throats. New symptoms appear - cervical lymphadenitis, increased body temperature. At this stage, complications on the heart and kidneys are possible.

At the initial stage of the disease, conservative treatment. Antibiotics, restoratives, and vitamins are prescribed.

In case of decompensation, when the tonsils become a source of infection and no longer perform their functions, tonsillectomy is indicated.

Due to frequent colds, ARVI, systematic exposure of the pharyngeal mucosa to dry or dusty air, harmful gases, tobacco smoke, and alcohol consumption, chronic inflammation - pharyngitis - can develop.

Except for the mucous membrane itself inflammatory process also affects the lymphoid apparatus of the pharynx. The development of the disease is slow, characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation.

The clinical picture of the disease depends on the stage (form) of chronic pharyngitis. Catarrhal pharyngitis is a common occurrence among smokers, as well as among those who work in hazardous industries. With this form of the disease, the patient’s main complaints will be:

• soreness,
• Feeling of a coma
• Slight sore throat.

With hypertrophic chronic pharyngitis, the pharyngeal mucosa thickens, and the volume of its lymphoid tissue also increases. Soreness, slight soreness and dry throat are the main symptoms of the disease at this stage.

Enlarged lymph granules are visible when examining the throat. On back wall mucopurulent sputum may accumulate in the pharynx, which causes bad breath and causes a constant, intractable cough.

The final stage of the development of the disease is atrophic pharyngitis. The mucous membrane of the pharynx becomes thinner and atrophies, the sputum becomes very thick and viscous, its drying out leads to the formation of dried crusts, which cause pain to the person and feel like a foreign body. Patients are bothered by a painful cough, especially at night.

Sluggish infections

There are a number of specific infections that can cause a persistent sore throat. Among them:

• Tuberculosis of the pharynx and larynx. In such patients, in most cases the primary focus of infection is found in the lungs. The patient's main complaints are sore throat and hoarseness.
• Mycoses of the pharynx, which often remain asymptomatic for a long time. The disease manifests itself through pain that increases over time. On the surface of the pharynx, pharynx, larynx you can find a specific white coating. The development of the disease can take years.
• Sexually transmitted infections. These are diseases such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia.
• HIV infection, especially at its last stage.

Tumors

A persistent sore throat may indicate the presence of a tumor process in the pharynx or larynx. When the tumor is primarily localized above the vocal cords, pain occurs when swallowing, which radiates to the ear. Due to pain when eating, patients begin to eat less, which leads to exhaustion.

As the tumor grows, a foreign body sensation appears.

On late stages illnesses pathological process passes to the walls of the larynx and esophagus. If the tumor is located in the subglottic space, the patient will be bothered by increasing hoarseness and hemoptysis. A sore throat can also occur in advanced stages of lung cancer.

Deficiency of vitamins and minerals

In case of nutritional disorders, fasting and dieting, or disruption of the intestinal absorption function, a deficiency of micro and macroelements may occur.

For example, a lack of vitamin A causes dryness and erosion of the mucous membranes, which causes pain in the mouth and throat.

With B2 deficiency, the upper papillary layer of the tongue becomes inflamed, which is accompanied by a burning sensation and pain during eating and speaking.

A decrease in the level of vitamin C manifests itself as pain in the oral cavity and pharynx due to ulcerative-necrotic phenomena on the mucous membrane. Also, pain in the tongue and throat can be caused by B12 deficiency anemia due to atrophy of the mucous membrane.

Neuralgia

Abruptly intense pain in the area of ​​the root of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate, radiating to the ear, is characteristic of neuralgia glossopharyngeal nerve. The pain lasts only a few minutes and can be either one-sided or spread to both sides.

Neuralgia of the superior laryngeal nerve causes similar symptoms. Additionally, the patient is bothered by a spasmodic cough and difficulty breathing, especially on inspiration, due to spasm of the glottis.

Diseases of other organs and other factors

Diseases of the endocrine system, such as Cushing's disease, hypothyroidism, diabetes, can cause a feeling of dryness, burning, pain in the mouth and throat. Pain can also cause illness cervical spine spine.

Various dental diseases often cause pain syndrome in the throat.

These are stomatitis, periodontitis, extensive dental caries. Chronic diseases digestive organs, such as esophageal reflux, often cause constant irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa, its inflammation and soreness. Chronic pain localized in the throat can be caused by other factors. The most common among them are:

• Systematic inhalation of polluted air,
• Dry air
• Regular overstrain of the laryngeal muscles,
• Allergic reactions,
• Varicose veins of the esophagus (upper section).

Without specialist consultation and application additional methods examinations, it is often very difficult to determine the name of the disease.

Therefore, if you have pain in the throat, you should not put off visiting a doctor, because many diseases are faster and easier to treat at their early stages.

It often happens that a person is quite long time I'm having the same problem. And you simply can’t cope with it. For example, my throat constantly hurts. The reasons, as well as ways to get rid of the problem, are described in this article.

Main reasons

First, you need to figure out why this could be. If your throat constantly hurts, the reasons may be the following:

• The action of pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
• The action of a stimulus living in the external environment. This could be cigarette smoke, drinking cold drinks, etc.
• Throat injuries.
• Psychological factors. Often illnesses and problems with the body are far-fetched. For example, a child may constantly have a sore throat if the child really does not want to go to kindergarten or school.

But still, the cause of pain is mainly the most various diseases, which cause such an unpleasant symptom.

Angina

Very often, persistent ones are caused by sore throat. This infectious disease, in which the pain in the throat is very severe, often radiating to the ear and neck, and the palatine tonsils become inflamed (the disease is also called acute tonsillitis). There may be plaque on the tonsils. However, it is observed only in the case of purulent tonsillitis. At viral disease There is no plaque on the tonsils. However, the tonsils are inflamed in any case and have the shape of small round balls. In this case, you can get rid of the problem using medications. Best used for rinsing antibacterial agents"Rivanol", "Furacilin". Lozenges that are designed to relieve sore throats - “Falimint”, “Strepsils”. Throat sprays “Yoks” and “Orasept” are also suitable.

Pharyngitis

In this case, the sore throat becomes red and its mucous membrane becomes inflamed. The pain in this case is not too strong, but is often accompanied by soreness. While eating warm food or hot liquid Symptoms may disappear completely or be completely erased. However, after a while they come back again. Also, with acute pharyngitis, discolored mucus may collect, which provokes a cough. The treatment is local, that is, it is important to use, for example, Strepsils, Ingalipt or Cameton sprays. Be sure to rinse with antiseptic drugs such as Iodinol or Furacilin.

Chronic diseases

Very often, constant pain is provoked by chronic diseases throat, that is, tonsillitis or pharyngitis in advanced form. The symptoms are not so pronounced, but are present for a relatively long time.

Allergic reactions

If a person constantly has a sore throat, the reasons may be hidden in the body’s allergic reaction to a certain irritant. With this problem, in addition to a sore throat, swelling of the larynx may also occur, tearing may occur, and sometimes a runny nose. The allergen can be dust, plant pollen, animal hair or food. In this case, the sore throat will go away if you isolate yourself from the allergen. You can also take antiallergic drugs such as L-Cet, Cetrin.

Dry air

If a person has a sore throat in the morning, the cause may be the dry air in the room. Lack of moisture easily irritates the mucous membranes, which provokes pain. It should also be noted that dry air is an excellent place for the proliferation of viruses and bacteria, which are easiest to penetrate into the human oral cavity. So if your throat hurts in the morning, you need to think about humidifying the room. This can be done either with the help of special devices - air humidifiers, or with the help of regular wet cleaning and more frequent ventilation of the room.

Tumors

If your throat constantly hurts, the causes may be hidden in tumors. Most often they are localized in the larynx area. Cause constant pain, which can increase over time. It becomes painful not only to eat, but even to speak. The voice may change. In this case, it is best to detect the problem as early as possible. After all, in this case it will be much easier and faster to deal with it.

A little about children

If there could be more than one:

• A disease that has just emerged and is developing.
• Consequences of the disease.
• Psychological factor, when the pain is far-fetched and is an excuse not to perform certain actions. In this case, unpleasant sensations can indeed arise, but they pass on their own, after a certain time. Application medicines in this case, it is most often not required.

If we talk about children, then I would like to note that even with the slightest problems it is necessary to seek doctor’s help. After all, it is best to detect a problem at an early stage, when it can be dealt with short terms deal with it quickly. Children are prescribed "Grammidin", "Lizobakt", "Tandum Verde".

Causes of non-infectious nature

It’s not just a sore throat that can cause discomfort. So, pain occurs without the presence of any infection. In this case, the reasons may be:

• Loads on the vocal cords. This is often observed in singers, teachers, and also children who cry a lot.
• Long-term stress on the oropharynx. This is observed in the case of frequent oral sex, as well as prolonged exposure to a large object in the mouth.
• Laryngeal injuries. Most often, the throat is injured by fish bones and sharp metal objects (for example, forks).
• External trauma to the throat, which causes constant pain. This may be due to prolonged compression or impact.
• Burns to the mucous membrane, which can occur when consuming too hot a liquid or while inhaling steam.
• Pain in the throat for a long time can persist in the postoperative period (for example, after or
• Irritation of the mucous membrane of the throat due to taking certain medications.
• A deficiency of vitamins A, C and B can also cause a sore throat.

It is important to note that if the pain is non-infectious, it will not be aggravated by swallowing or talking. In this case, lozenges, for example "Septolete", or even simple mints are suitable to get rid of the problem.

Diseases that are not associated with throat diseases

It should also be noted that a variety of diseases that are not at all associated with this organ can cause pain in the throat. So, for example, the throat can become irritated due to gastrointestinal reflux. In this case, the contents of the stomach can be thrown into the esophagus, as a result of which it is irritated by gastric juice.

We also need to talk about Eagle syndrome, when the cause is anatomical feature human throat. In this case, the patient has a too long styloid process. As a result, irritation occurs nerve endings, which causes constant pain.

Also, discomfort in this organ can occur as a result of vegetative-vascular dystonia, osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, and neuralgia.

A sore throat is an unpleasant symptom that a person experiences repeatedly throughout his life. There are many reasons for the manifestation of this condition, and more often they are of a pathological nature. Sore throat when swallowing occurs with equal frequency in both men and women.

Medical statistics are such that more often it is children who experience this symptom. This is due to their increased tendency to develop diseases due to imperfection immune system(not fully formed). It is worth noting that children often have a sore throat without fever. Again, due to unformed immunity.

A severe sore throat, especially one that occurs repeatedly or does not subside over a long period of time, is a serious reason to consult a doctor. The sooner the cause of this condition is identified, the faster the doctor can cure it. The treatment plan may vary somewhat, depending on the location of the pain, the cause that provoked it, and also on whether other organs are involved in the pathological process (often a sore throat when swallowing is observed with ear inflammation).

Preparations for topical use - lozenges and lozenges - have proven themselves well in the treatment of sore throat, with preparations of a complex composition being more preferable. For example, the drug Anti-Angin® Formula lozenges/lozenges, which include chlorhexidine, which has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect, tetracaine, which has a local anesthetic effect and vitamin C. Due to the complex composition, Anti-Angin® Formula has a triple effect: it helps fight bacteria, help relieve pain and help reduce inflammation and swelling. 1.2

Anti-Angin® Formula is presented in a wide range dosage forms: spray, lozenges and lozenges. Anti-Angin® Formula is indicated for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pharynx (including manifestations of tonsillitis, pharyngitis and the initial stage of tonsillitis).

Anti-Angin® Formula lozenges do not contain sugar *

Etiological factors

The reasons that can cause a sore throat when swallowing are quite varied. Most often as etiological factor stands out or . Somewhat less often, if a sore throat appears, there is every reason to assume the presence of a retropharyngeal abscess or epiglottitis.

Other causes of acute sore throat:

• injury to the mucous membrane of the throat. In this case, there is a sore throat without fever. The only exceptions are cases where the injury has become infected;
• . If a person’s body lacks vitamins, it is no exception that he will soon develop a cutting pain in the throat. In this case, vitamin deficiency should be treated with the help of a rational and balanced diet, as well as the prescription of vitamin complexes;
• Often acute sore throat can be observed during treatment with certain pharmaceutical drugs ( by-effect). If such a phenomenon occurs, you should quickly replace the drug with another one;
• The cause may be inhalation of polluted air or tobacco smoke. In this case, a runny nose is often also observed (due to irritation of the upper airways);
• fungal infection;
• unbalanced diet or prolonged fasting;
• sore throat, manifested simultaneously with regional lymphadenitis and, possibly, ear pain, is a sign of progression in the child;
• spinal column. In this case, the pain is localized in the throat, neck, and often radiates to the ear;
• neuralgia of the superior laryngeal nerve fiber (pain may radiate to the ear);
• if the patient is sick, then he has a sore throat constantly;
• the presence of tumors in the throat also often causes pain that can radiate to the ear and back of the neck.

Risk factors that increase the likelihood of a person experiencing such an unpleasant symptom:

• regular smoking (including passive smoking). If a person inhales tobacco smoke, the mucous membrane of the upper airways becomes irritated, thereby leading to painful sensations;
• oral sex;
• age category. More often this symptom observed in children from 5 to 18 years old;
• if the pain manifests itself mainly in the morning, then this may be a sign of the progression of the allergy;
• a stabbing type of pain occurs if the mucous membrane of the throat is affected by chemical irritants;
• acute type of pain is a consequence of trauma to the mucous membrane of the throat;
• diseases of the ear and nose, in particular runny nose;
• decreased body reactivity;
• hygiene rules are not sufficiently observed. Because of this, diseases of the throat, ear and nose appear more often in children.

Symptoms

A sore throat usually does not occur on its own. Simultaneously with this symptom, others appear, directly depending on the type of infectious agent that has affected this area of ​​the upper airways:

• if there is a cold, then simultaneously with pain in the throat (often radiating to the ear), photophobia, runny nose, cough, hyperthermia are observed;
• when there is pain in the throat, chills, hyperthermia and increased sweating. The disease should be treated immediately when the first signs of its progression appear;
• Infectious mononucleosis characterized by enlarged tonsils, headache varying degrees intensity, severe pain in the throat, regional lymphadenitis;
• pain in the ear that radiates to the throat, decreased hearing function, dizziness - these are the first and characteristic features. The fact is that the ear and throat are closely interconnected, and if one of these organs is affected, then often painful sensations are transmitted to the second (maybe through nerve fibers, or due to the spread of infectious agents);
• is accompanied by a fairly intense headache, the appearance of elements of a rash, as well as a sore throat and enlarged regional lymph nodes. Since the pathology is highly contagious, the patient should be treated in isolation from other people.

General symptoms:

• headache of varying degrees and intensity;
• dizziness;
• hyperthermia;
• pain in the ear, which can radiate to the throat, head and even neck;
• chills;
• muscle pain;
• weakness;
• lethargy;
• loss of appetite due to the fact that when taking any food products the painful sensations only intensify;
• feeling of lack of air;
• respiratory dysfunction;
• cough, mainly manifested at night and in the evening.

Diagnostics

If painful sensations in the throat appear over a long period of time and cause respiratory dysfunction, the patient should be quickly taken to medical institution. To figure out real reasons pathology, and what should be done to eliminate such an unpleasant symptom can only be done by a doctor after conducting a full and comprehensive diagnosis.

Diagnostic plan:

• patient interview. The doctor should clarify when this appeared unpleasant feeling, does the pain radiate to other organs localized nearby, which accompany it? additional symptoms whether the person tried to treat it himself;
• carrying out an inspection. The doctor evaluates the condition of the nasal cavity (often a sore throat occurs due to a runny nose or simultaneously with it), the oral cavity, and the throat itself. During a visual examination, the doctor may detect hyperemia of the mucous membrane this area upper airways, the presence of plaque, neoplasms, various injuries, etc.;
• if there is a suspicion of an infectious process, material is collected from the throat for laboratory diagnostics. It is necessary to do such an analysis, since it allows you to quickly determine the type of microorganism, as well as its sensitivity to drugs, which is important for further treatment patient;
• if it is noted that the pain radiates to the ear, then an otoscopy may be required to assess the condition of the outer and middle ear;
• . This method laboratory diagnostics allows you to quickly identify or refute the presence of an inflammatory process.

Therapeutic measures

In fact, you can cure a sore throat quite quickly. The main thing is to contact a qualified otolaryngologist in time, who will select the most optimal treatment plan. Making various folk remedies yourself and using them without the consent of your doctor is strictly prohibited. It is important to understand that a disease can be quickly cured only if it is at an early stage of its development.

The treatment plan may include the following procedures and activities:

• Avoid consuming very hot or very cold foods. This must be done to reduce the adverse effects on the irritated mucous membrane of the throat;
• make hot foot baths to which you can add essential oils or herbal decoctions;
• Compresses, which are recommended to be placed on the neck, quickly help to cope with the disease;
• In order for the treatment to be as effective as possible, drinking plenty of fluids is also recommended;
• will help cure throat pathologies steam inhalations with the addition of both pharmaceuticals and folk remedies, in particular decoctions and infusions;
• the treatment plan must include sprays that have an anti-inflammatory effect;
• it is sometimes necessary to treat pathology using antibacterial drugs. Most often, these drugs are prescribed for sore throat;
• prescription of lozenges with anti-inflammatory effect.

Various throat diseases can be cured through the use of folk remedies. It’s just important to understand that pathology cannot be treated only in this way - you need to combine methods traditional medicine And modern medicine. Only then will the most positive effect be achieved.

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