Antibiotic Tsifran: accessory group, instructions for use. Vitamins of group B in tablets: drug names, prices. Original and cheap B vitamins Which is better: Pentovit or Neuromultivit

Content

medical drug Pentovit enriches the body with vital essential vitamins group B, calms the nervous system, normalizes metabolism, improves immunity. This poly vitamin complex Recommended for adults and children over 12 years of age. Vitamins Pentovit can be bought at a pharmacy, but before starting a treatment or prophylactic course, you need to consult a doctor.

Composition of vitamins Pentovit

The medical preparation Pentovit is a multivitamin complex, which is available in the form of coated film sheath tablets. It is intended for oral administration in a full course. Sold in packs of 10, 50 and 100 tablets. The composition of Pentovit includes five B vitamins, which determine its stable therapeutic and preventive effect.

Pharmacological properties

According to the instructions, Pentovit vitamins can be taken independently for the purpose of prevention or as part of drug therapy. The therapeutic effect determines the action of the active components:

Vitamin B1 activates the transmission of neuromuscular impulses, stimulates the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Thiamine is absorbed in the duodenum and small intestine, is metabolized in the liver. Inactive metabolites are excreted by the kidneys.
Vitamin B6 is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, stimulates fat, carbohydrate, protein metabolism, normalizes the work of the peripheral nervous system. Pyridoxine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract ( gastrointestinal tract), in the liver acquires an active form - pyridoxal phosphate. The main metabolic product is 4-pyridoxylic acid, which is excreted by the kidneys.
Folic acid accelerates the production of nucleic acids, red blood cells, amino acids. Favorably affects the reproductive function of women, improves immunity and bone marrow function. Folic acid is adsorbed through diffusion. Absorbed in the form of simple hydrolysates, evenly distributed throughout all tissues. The metabolic process has not been studied.
Cyanocobalamin improves the functioning of the nervous system, liver, activates the process of blood clotting, participates in the synthesis of amino acids. It is transferred to the ileum with the help of a glycoprotein, and is absorbed in large volumes through diffusion. The metabolism of cyanocobalamin is slow, inactive metabolites are excreted in the bile.
Vitamin PP improves tissue respiration, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Nicotinamide is efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, penetrates into the systemic circulation, and is evenly distributed over tissues and organs.

Indications for use Pentovit

This medication is prescribed for seasonal hypovitaminosis and increased nervousness of the patient. According to the instructions, there are several indications for the use of Pentovit:

chronic stress;
asthenic conditions;
neuralgia, polyneuritis;
dermatosis, dermatitis;
recovery period after infectious diseases.

How to take Pentovit

The medicinal product in the form of tablets is intended for oral administration. According to the instructions, the course of treatment or prevention lasts at least 3-4 weeks, provides oral administration. Tablets should be swallowed whole, preferably at mealtimes with plenty of water.. Patients over 12 years old are recommended to drink 2-4 tablets. three times a day. A second course of treatment or prophylaxis can be taken on the individual recommendation of the attending physician. Self-medication is contraindicated.

special instructions

If you use Pentovit strictly according to the instructions, its use has a positive effect on the state of the nervous system: it reduces increased nervousness helps to achieve emotional balance. Taking pills does not inhibit the function of the central nervous system (central nervous system), therefore, during the period of treatment or prevention, you can manage vehicle, engage in intellectual activities and types of work associated with increased concentration of attention. The instructions for use have other recommendations and instructions:

It is forbidden to take several multivitamin complexes at the same time in order to avoid overdose symptoms.
To exclude intoxication of the body, it is not recommended to exceed the daily dosage.
Since the shell of the tablets contains sugar, this point is important to consider when prescribing a multivitamin complex for patients with diabetes mellitus.

Pentovit during pregnancy

According to the instructions, the multivitamin complex is not recommended for use by pregnant women, since clinical trials for this category of patients have not been conducted. The active components of Pentovit are excreted in breast milk, so the drug is not prescribed to women during lactation. If there is an urgent need for such treatment, it is necessary to temporarily stop breastfeeding.

Pentovit for children

In the early childhood this multivitamin complex is not recommended. Since clinical studies of this category of patients were also not carried out, pediatricians avoid such pharmaceutical prescriptions. IN detailed instructions age restrictions are clearly indicated for use: Pentovit vitamins for children under 12 years of age are contraindicated.

drug interaction

The instructions for the use of Pentovit say that in combination with representatives of other pharmacological groups severe side effects may occur, the therapeutic effect is reduced. Information about drug interactions:

in combination with Pentovit with Colchicine or biguanides, there is a decrease in the absorption of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12);
it is forbidden to combine Pentovit with medications that increase blood clotting and cyanocobalamin;
the complex administration of Pentovit with anticonvulsants leads to an acute thiamine deficiency.
It is better not to combine Pentovit and alcohol, since this interaction significantly reduces the absorption of the active components of Pentovit.

Side effects

Instructions for use Pentovit describes in detail side effects drug that may occur from the first days of the course:

skin itching, swelling, small rash, hyperemia of the skin;
paroxysmal pains of the heart;
increased excitability of the central nervous system;
symptoms of tachycardia;
insomnia;
seizures (rare).

Overdose

If the instructions are violated and the daily doses are systematically exceeded, symptoms of hypervitaminosis develop, associated with an increased concentration of B vitamins in the blood. The patient complains of dizziness attacks, signs of dyspepsia, migraine, insomnia, feels a rush of blood to the neck and face. The heart rhythm is disturbed, numbness of the extremities appears. Treatment is symptomatic, begins with a dose reduction of Pentovit.. Cases of overdose in practice are rare.

Contraindications

Pentovit tablets are not allowed to be used by all patients with severe symptoms of seasonal hypovitaminosis, there are medical restrictions. Medical contraindications:

age restrictions up to 12 years;
increased sensitivity of the body to the active components of the multivitamin complex;
period of pregnancy;
breast-feeding.

Terms of sale and storage

The medicinal product is dispensed without a prescription. It is necessary to store Pentovit in a dark, dry place at a temperature of 15-20 degrees. Before using the medicine according to the instructions, you need to check the expiration date.

Analogues

If Pentovit causes side effects or the desired therapeutic effect is completely absent, the attending physician suggests introducing a replacement. Effective analogues:

Benfolipen. Tablets are prescribed for complex treatment trigeminal neuralgia and neuritis facial nerves. It is supposed to take 1 tab. 1-3 times a day after meals. Course - 4 weeks.
Neuromultivit. Multivitamin complex is required to take 1 tab. up to 3 times per day. Side effects are extremely rare. The duration of therapy is 4 weeks.
Pikovit. The drug is recommended for use in vitamin deficiency, unbalanced nutrition, after a disease. Children are prescribed 1 tab. 4-5 times a day, for adults in the same dose, but already for 5-7 approaches. The course is 30 days. Price - 125 rubles.
Aerovit. The drug regulates metabolism, compensates for the lack of vitamins, removes the symptoms of beriberi. It is supposed to take 1 tab. per day course from 2 to 9 weeks.
Makrovit. The drug is available in the form of tablets, allowed for children from 6 years of age. It is supposed to take 1 tab. 2-3 times per day. The duration of treatment is 20-30 days.
Vitasharm. It is necessary to drink 1 tab. per day, always after meals, preferably in the morning. The course is 30 days.
Undevit. Adults and children from 12 years of age for treatment are required to take 1 tablet twice a day. For prevention, the use of 1 tablet per day for 30 days is enough.

Pentovit price

The drug can be bought at a pharmacy or ordered through an online store at a discount. average price- 120-150 rubles. Prices Pentovit in Moscow.

Avitaminosis affects both the external state of a person and the internal one. Brittle nails are a disaster for women, but that's only half the trouble. The main problems associated with a lack of vitamins are not so easy to see. They are hidden, but this does not mean at all that they can be taken lightly.

It is these problems that sometimes pose a huge threat to human health and life. But their occurrence and development can be prevented with the help of B vitamins.

Only small children do not know how important and necessary vitamins are for the body. Therefore, each person is obliged to monitor their health and receive the necessary dose of useful substances daily.

The purpose of this article is to tell as much as possible and in an accessible way about:

what vitamins of group b exist;
in what form they are presented;
what are the most effective and relatively cheap preparations containing b vitamins produced pharmaceutical companies.

What vitamins are in the B group

In total, there are 30 vitamins necessary for the human body. And as many as 8 of them are B vitamins. Let's consider them in more detail:

Vitamin B1. Thiamine, which supports the health of nerves and muscle tissues, protects the immune system. With a deficiency, diseases of the vessels and heart, nervous and digestive system. A person becomes irritable, feels a constant decline in strength, weakness, quickly gets tired.
Vitamin B2. Riboflavin fights free radicals, prevents aging, protects the heart. Considered a natural antioxidant. Deficiency is accompanied by skin rashes, hair loss, redness of the eyelids, cracked lips.
Vitamin B3. Niacin - nicotinic acid - includes a whole list useful properties. It is important for maintaining the skin, increasing "good" (fighting "bad") cholesterol, strengthening the nervous system. The deficiency affects general well-being human: frequent loss of appetite and loss of consciousness, accompanied by aggressiveness or weakness, problems with the intestines, skin rashes (dermatitis), dementia.
Vitamin B5. Pantothenic acid affects the absorption of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, synthesizes hormones (steroid, sex, stress) and red blood cells. Deficiency is accompanied by a decrease in appetite, nausea, constipation, weakness, insomnia.
Vitamin B6 . Pyridoxine allows you to transform the food received by the body into energy. Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency are insomnia, depressive disorders,.
Vitamin B7. Biotin helps to normalize blood sugar and cholesterol levels. It is popularly called the "vitamin of beauty" for the effect it has on the condition of the skin, nails, and hair. Deficiency is rare. However, intensive consumption of B7 is necessary for men involved in sports.
Vitamin B9. Folic acid prevents the development, loss of memory, the occurrence of neural tube defects in a pregnant woman. The lack of vitamin B9 is accompanied by constant fatigue, weight loss, megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin B12. - command vitamin, together with B9 produces red blood cells. Regulates the nervous system. Deficiency - ; loss of vision, memory impairment, weight loss; fatigue and shortness of breath. Most often seen in vegetarians.

The most important are vitamins B1, B6, B12, they, due to their healing effect, protect a person from death.

What is the form of B vitamins?

B vitamins are found in various food products. That is why, to obtain each of the above, you need a varied diet.

Before submitting titles effective drugs, consider, in vitamins B1, B6, B12, etc.:

whole grains - B1, B7;
legumes - B1, B2, B3, B5, B9;
eggs - B1, B2, B3, B5, B7 (egg yolks), B12;
nuts - B1, B2, B3, B6, B7;
liver - B5, B6, B9, B12 (beef);
lean meat - B2, B3, B5, B6, B12 (beef);
bird - B3, B6;
fish - B3, B6, B7 (salmon), B12;
seafood - B6, B12;
dairy products - B2, B3, B5, B7, B12;
leafy green vegetables - B1 (spinach, cabbage), B2, B9;
wheat germ - B1;
beans - B1;
green vegetables - B3;
peanut - B5;
potatoes - B6;
peas - B6;
germinated wheat - B7;
mushrooms - B7;
beets - B7;
seeds - B9;
fruits - B6 (except citrus fruits), B9 (citrus fruits);
yeast - B3, B5, B7.

However, B vitamins tend to be excreted from the body along with urine. In addition, during the process of boiling, frying and other cooking, as well as under the influence of alcohol, they are partially destroyed, losing their useful properties.

That is why you should additionally take.

Overview of the most effective and inexpensive drugs

Currently, pharmaceutical companies provide a range of vitamin complexes. Most often, they are presented in tablets.

Names of drugs, prices vary significantly. This article will describe those that are inexpensive, and bring great benefits to the body. Consider them:

"Angiovit"

Russian vitamin complex, contains vitamins B6, 9, 12. Prevents the development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, strokes, heart attacks, is effective for. It helps to alleviate cerebrovascular accident and the course of coronary disease.

Daily rate: 1 tablet, course: no more than a month.

As side effects allergies have been reported.

Cost: 250-270 rubles.

Blagomax

Vitamin complex of group B. Produced in St. Petersburg, it contains almost all vitamins of group B. The most effective complex that has a beneficial effect on the body. The drug has a great advantage - it is quite inexpensive.

Daily rate: 1 capsule, course: 1.5 months.

Adverse reactions: not recorded.

Cost: 170-190 rubles.

"Combilipen Tabs"

Production: Russia. As part of vitamins B1, 6, 12. Assign to patients who have neuralgia, neuritis, alcohol and.

Daily rate: 1-3 capsules (depending on the doctor's prescription), course: no more than four weeks.

Side effects: allergy; less often - increased heart rate, vomiting.

Cost: 230-250 rubles.

"Compligam B"

Original. Produced in Canada. It contains all B-group vitamins, as well as inositol, choline, para-aminobenzoic acid.

Daily rate: 1 tablet, course: 1 month.

Side effect: not fixed.

Cost: 235-245 rubles.

Neurobion

Manufacturer: Japan. Vitamins of group B Restores disturbed sensitivity, reduces pain, normalizes reflex reactions.

Daily dose: 3 tablets, one for each meal. Course: no more than four weeks.

Side effects: allergies, nausea, headaches and dizziness.

Cost: 290-300 rubles.

"Pentovit"

Produced in Russia. The complex includes the following B-vitamins: 1, 6, 12. and folic acid. Improves skin condition, strengthens hair and nails.

Dosage: 2-4 tablets after meals 3 times a day (depending on the doctor's recommendations). Course: 3-4 weeks.

Side effects: allergic reactions.

Cost: 130-140 rubles.

Neurovitan

Country of manufacture: England. The complex contains almost all B-group vitamins. Indicated in diabetes, B, nausea resulting from pregnancy.

Side effects: dermatitis.

Cost: 380-400R.

"Neuromultivit"

Produced in Austria. As part of vitamins B1, 6, 12. Effective in the treatment of epileptic seizures, neuralgia, lumbar pain.

Dosage: 1 tablet 3 times a day. Duration, course of treatment is determined by individual indications and doctor's recommendations.

Adverse reactions: tachycardia, itching, vomiting.

Cost: 150-200 rubles.

"Milgamma compositum"

Country of origin: Germany. Combines B1, 6 vitamins. It is prescribed for neurological pathologies, diseases of the musculoskeletal system (, etc.). Improves blood formation.

Daily rate: 1-2 tablets. Course: individually.

Side effect: rarely - skin rashes, itching, nausea, headaches.

Cost: 900-1000 rubles for a package of 60 tablets, which is enough (on average) for 1.5-2 months.

"To Complex 50"

Produced in America. As part of vitamins of group "B", as well as other plant components that enhance the effect of vitamins. This complex found particular popularity and respect in cosmetology. After all, it has a beneficial effect on the condition of the skin, prevents brittle nails and split hair. A shock drug that has an excellent effect.

Daily rate: 3-4 tablets per day during meals, it is desirable to divide the dose into several doses. Course: 3-4 months.

Adverse reactions: not registered.

Cost: 1300-1400 rubles. The package contains 100 tablets, so the price is quite justified.

Conclusion

Vitamins of group "B" are of great importance for the human body. But they belong to the type of vitamins that are gradually washed out of the body, and then excreted along with the urine.

That is why they should be replenished on a daily basis. And in no case do not allow vitamin deficiency. Otherwise, deterioration of the external condition of the skin, hair, nails, internal health problems are possible.

Functions of B vitamins

The main tasks that vitamins, united in group B, perform are as follows.

B vitamins are shown for use in the following health problems:

Components are used not only in medicine, but also at home for treatment and prevention various diseases.

At home, they are one of the main components for lotions, balms and face masks, hair. You can also make a variety of hair baths with them.

Contraindications and side effects: individual intolerance may serve as a contraindication to the use of the drug. . During breastfeeding and pregnancy, it is strongly not recommended to take medications on your own. Only on the recommendation of the attending physician, as a rule, it is prescribed in small doses. Against the background of an overdose, an allergic reaction may occur.

Mode of application

Each vitamin belonging to group B is prescribed based on the age of the patient and the type of disease. At serious illnesses a complex of vitamins in ampoules is administered intramuscularly, with less dangerous ones, a tablet form is enough.

The instruction of vitamin b6 in ampoules states that the younger the patient, the smaller the amount of the drug must be administered with an injection. For children, the dose volume varies from 10 to 25 mg per day.

Adults are administered from 30 to 100 mg per day intramuscularly, based on the characteristics of the course of the disease. In case of emergency daily dose may increase to 300–400 mg each day. Intravenous injections this drug is not implemented.

The use of the drug in tablets

At any age, the drug is taken one tablet three times a day during or after a meal.

Effective vitamin complexes

Some products contain only one vitamin, while others include the entire complex. Before use, you should consult a doctor who can choose the right one for you.

cyanocobalamin

This drug is also available under the name Vitamin B12. This component, in fact, is the active component of the drug.

The drug is indicated for use in the following cases:

If there is a possibility development allergic reaction , then injections can only be prescribed by a doctor.

Vitamin B6

shown medicine with liver damage, with various neuritis, neuralgia and dermatitis. It is also sold in the form of a monopreparation. It has several other names: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine.

Thanks to its influence in the human body, protein metabolism improves, against which the formation of blood cells is stimulated, hemoglobin is synthesized and muscles are transformed. By activating the segments that lower blood glucose levels, the risk of visual damage from diabetic retinopathy is significantly reduced.

The dosage of the drug varies greatly depending on the condition of the patient and the diagnosis. The desired result can be achieved with joint application vitamin with glutamic acid or asparkam.

Generally, pyridoxine injections are tolerated human body well, it is indicated for use even by children. Sometimes there may be numbness in the limbs, as if wearing tight socks or gloves.

Thiamine chloride

Thiamine chloride is also called vitamin B1. It has a rather versatile effect on the human body:

performs a protective function for cell membranes from oxidation products;
takes part in the transmission of nerve impulses;
regulates the synthesis of proteins and fats;
optimizes the level of carbohydrate breakdown products;
activates quite a large number of enzymes that regulate the work of organs of all systems.

The drug is indicated for men, women, children, it is also recommended for animals, in particular dogs, with impaired absorption of nutrients and absorption of food in the intestines.

It is recommended to take it after fasting, to get rid of skin problems that have difficulties with the cardiovascular and digestive systems, suffering from nervous disorders and alcoholism, as well as during pregnancy or during breastfeeding.

The drug may cause some side effects. In a certain group of people, injections of the drug provoke itching. skin while others have lowered blood pressure. Exceeding the indicated dosage can lead to insomnia, headache and palpitations. As a rule, such effects are observed only during menopause.

BoriVit

This is a complex drug, which includes thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin.

The interaction of these components makes it possible to use the agent for the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the peripheral nervous system and the motor apparatus, and also to use it as an adjuvant against pain.

The dosage of BoriVita depends on the severity of the disease. In severe diseases, deep intramuscular injections 2 ml of medicine. In less severe cases, 2-3 injections per week should be limited.

Vitamin B-complex

Name medicinal product already speaks for itself. The composition of the drug includes 100 mg of vitamin B3, 10 mg of vitamin B6 and B1 and 2 mg of vitamin B2.

Indications for use Vitamin B-complex are extremely high, since x action covers almost all systems and organs of the human body:

As a rule, the drug is administered intramuscularly, however, in some diseases, intravenous administration is also acceptable.

The dosage of the disease depends on the patient's condition and the characteristics of the disease. The duration of treatment varies from 5 to 10 days.

The composition of the vitamin-mineral preparation Multi-tabs B-Complex includes active elements: riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, folic acid, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid.

The composition contains inactive components: corn starch, calcium sulfate, , microcrystalline cellulose, white gelatin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid, dicalcium phosphate, colloidal silicon anhydride, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow.

Release form

Multi-tabs B-Complex is produced in film-coated tablets.

Tablets are biconvex, have a round shape, red-brown color.

Stored in plastic jars, 60 or 100 pcs. A jar of tablets is packed in a cardboard box.

pharmachologic effect

This drug is a complex vitamin remedy, as active substances it contains vitamins of group B. The complex of these vitamins contributes to the normalization of a number of functions of the peripheral and central nervous system.

When taking alcohol, the absorption of thiamine sharply decreases.

Terms of sale

Multi-tabs V-Complex is sold without a prescription.

Storage conditions

This multivitamin should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Not suitable for children under 12 years of age.

When absolutely necessary, children younger age the drug is prescribed with caution, given the degree of risk that is associated with techniques b vitamins in high doses.

During pregnancy and lactation

It can be prescribed during the period and only after approval by the attending physician.

B vitamins- a group of water-soluble, necessary for the normal functioning of the body, in particular - the metabolism in its cells.

B vitamins are directly involved in maintaining the normal functioning of the nervous system, brain, heart and blood vessels, and digestive organs. In addition, B vitamins improve the protective functions of the body from an aggressive external environment (ultraviolet rays, etc.), maintain a person's appearance in good and healthy condition - skin, hair, nails. Prevent premature aging of a person and much more. Below we will look at each vitamin individually in more detail.

Vitamins of group B also include vitamin-like substances that are not vital, but nevertheless, they help to improve human health, appearance, recovery processes after injuries, and are also used in many other areas of human life.

Classification of B vitamins and their names

B vitamins

Vitamin-like compounds of group B

B vitamins: functions, uses, deficiency and what products contain

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)- a crystalline colorless substance, highly soluble in water, and insoluble in alcohol. Decomposes in an alkaline environment, but tolerates heat well.

The role of thiamine in human life. Thiamine plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and other substances. Participates in hematopoiesis, maintaining the normal functioning of the brain, cardiovascular, digestive and nervous systems. Contributes to the normal growth and development of the child. It performs a protective function against the negative effects on the body of smoking products, alcoholic beverages. Prevents premature aging.

Symptoms of thiamine deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): disorders in the work of the nervous system (, irritability, depression), of cardio-vascular system(and others,), organs of the gastrointestinal tract (,), anorexia.

Acute thiamine deficiency (avitaminosis): can lead to the development of beriberi disease.

Sources of thiamine

Vegetable: rice, oatmeal, sunflower seeds, peanuts, pine nuts, soybeans, pistachios, millet, wheat bran, pressed yeast.
Animals: beef, poultry, liver, fish, egg yolk.
Chemical:"Thiamin chloride", multivitamin complexes.
Synthesis in the body: synthesized in the large intestine by some beneficial bacteria.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)- needle-shaped, collected in drusen crystals, yellow-orange in color, poorly soluble in water and ethanol, and completely insoluble in acetone, benzene, diethyl ether and chloroform. It is rapidly destroyed by exposure to light and alkali.

The role of riboflavin in human life. Riboflavin plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as hematopoiesis, respiratory function of skin cells, hair and nails. Along with, riboflavin is involved in maintaining the visual function of the eyes, especially in rooms with poor lighting, and is a prophylactic agent against the development of cataracts. Helps to protect the respiratory mucosa, which is especially important during periods of activity respiratory infections. Riboflavin accelerates the processes of regeneration of body tissues after injuries or surgical intervention. Promotes absorption by the body.

Symptoms of riboflavin deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): headaches and dizziness, loss of appetite and weight loss, increased photosensitivity, oily or superdry skin, irritability, insomnia, decreased mental activity, skin rashes, trembling of the limbs, as well as deterioration in tactile sensitivity.

Acute lack of riboflavin (avitaminosis): increased hair loss, anemia, corneal changes, frequent.

Sources of Riboflavin

Vegetable: brewer's yeast, soybeans, cocoa (powder), almonds, bran, wheat shoots, turnips, tea.
Animals: lamb, beef, heart, liver, kidneys, dairy and dairy products, egg powder.
Chemical: Riboflavin, Flavinat, multivitamin complexes.
Synthesis in the body: synthesized in the large intestine by some beneficial bacteria (microflora).

Vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin PP)

Vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide)- white powder of crystalline structure, slightly soluble in cold water, slightly better in hot water, poorly soluble in ethanol and almost insoluble in ether.

The role of nicotinic acid (niacin) in human life. A nicotinic acid takes part in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, amino acids, tissue respiration, regulation of redox processes in the body. Nicotinic acid is necessary for the normal functioning of the digestive system - it contributes to the release of energy from food. In addition, niacin lowers the level of "bad" cholesterol in the blood, has an expanding effect on small vessels, participates in the synthesis of sex hormones, insulin, cortisone and thyroxine, accelerates recovery after and helps in the fight against.

Symptoms of deficiency of nicotinic acid in the body (hypovitaminosis): fatigue, depression, brain dysfunction, heartburn, lack of appetite, nausea, indigestion in the stomach, pain and aches in the limbs, increased sensitivity of the gums.

Sources of nicotinic acid

Vegetable: yeast, peanuts, almonds, whole grains and whole grain products, green peas, mushrooms, carrots, broccoli, tomatoes, potatoes, parsley, fruits, sorrel.

Animals: beef liver, heart, bird, fish, milk, cheese, eggs.

Chemical:"Nicotinamide", "Nicotinic acid (vitamin PP)", "Nikoverin", multivitamin complexes.

Synthesis in the body: synthesized in the intestines, subject to dietary intake, B6, as well as tryptophan.

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)- a water-soluble vitamin, is destroyed by heat treatment - heating or freezing. Also destroyed during canning.

The role of pantothenic acid in human life. Pantothenic acid, like other B vitamins, plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the formation of antibodies, and the synthesis of corticosteroids. It promotes the production of energy by cells, prevents premature aging, maintains the health and normal appearance of the skin, helps in the treatment of skin and promotes tissue regeneration after injury or surgery. Pantothenic acid also helps in the fight against diseases such as -,.

Skin problems (dermatitis, sagging), nervous system dysfunction (insomnia, depression, impaired coordination of movements), ulcers, fatigue, early miscarriages, increased hair loss, tingling and numbness in the arms and legs,.

Sources of Pantothenic Acid

Vegetable: oranges, bananas, avocados, peanuts, nuts, yeast, bran, soybeans, lentils, oat flakes, green parts of vegetables (tops).
Animals: liver, kidneys, poultry meat, fish, raw egg yolk, dairy products.
Chemical:"Calcium pantothenate", "Supradin", multivitamin complexes.
Synthesis in the body: synthesized by intestinal microflora good nutrition, mainly food enriched with vitamins.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal phosphate)- colorless crystals, highly soluble in water and alcohol, as well as insoluble in ether and fatty solvents. Pyridoxine and its derivatives are resistant to heat treatment and oxygen, and are destroyed by light.

The role of pyridoxine in human life. Participates in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, macronutrients, the synthesis of adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, histamine, hemoglobin and other substances. It is necessary for the normal functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system, maintaining the balance of sex hormones in women. Regulates the level of cholesterol in the blood, thereby preventing, and hence a heart attack, and other diseases of the cardiovascular system. Participates in hematopoiesis, normalizes, improves brain activity, memory. Beneficial for hair growth and health.

Symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): irritability, anxiety, depression, insomnia, appetite disorders, nausea, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, tendency to acute respiratory infections.

Sources of pyridoxine

Vegetable: oranges, bananas, avocados, pitaya, cherries, strawberries, green leafy vegetables, yeast, rice, buckwheat and wheat cereals, various nuts, carrots, potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage,.
Animals: liver, kidneys, heart, fish, eggs, dairy products.
Chemical:"Pyridoxine hydrochloride".
Synthesis in the body: synthesized by the intestinal microflora with good nutrition.

Vitamin B7 (biotin, vitamin H, coenzyme R)

Vitamin B7 (biotin, vitamin H, coenzyme R)- a vitamin that is highly soluble in water, alcohol and alkali. Destroyed at high temperature. Resistant to light (ultraviolet rays).

The role of biotin in human life. Biotin is actively involved in the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, the biosynthesis of hormones, and the synthesis of beneficial microflora in the intestine. Regulates blood sugar levels. Supports the health of the nervous system, skin, hair and nails. Participates in activation processes.

Symptoms of biotin deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): skin problems (flabbiness, dryness, dermatitis, eczema), increased hair loss, dandruff, nail problems, depression, drowsiness, arterial hypotension(), increased fatigue.

Biotin Sources

Vegetable: green peas, peanuts, whole rye grains, brown rice and rice bran, corn, tomatoes, carrots, potatoes, cabbage and cauliflower, onions, spinach, apples, melons, oranges, bananas.
Animals: liver, heart. Beef, chicken, milk, cheese, fish (salmon, sardines, herring), egg yolks.
Chemical:"Biotin".
Synthesis in the body: synthesized by intestinal flora proper nutrition and good health.

Vitamin B9 (folic acid, vitamin M, vitamin Bc)

Vitamin B9 (folic acid, vitamin M, vitamin Bc)- yellowish or yellowish-orange crystalline powder, poorly soluble in water and alcohol, easily soluble in alkali, destroyed by sunlight.

Role folic acid In human life. Folic acid plays an important role in hematopoiesis, maintaining the proper functioning of the immune system, digestive organs. Participates in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, DNA and protein synthesis, redox processes. Regulates the course of pregnancy and the normal development of the fetus. Promotes accelerated cell regeneration, helps in the fight against depression and other disorders of the nervous system. Reduces the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system - atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke. Helps the body absorb other B vitamins.

Symptoms of folic acid deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): impaired fertility in men, impaired fetal development, anorexia, nausea, lack of appetite, nervous system disorders (depression, irritability, anxiety, stress), arrhythmias, fatigue.

Acute folic acid deficiency (avitaminosis) can lead to the development of megaloblastic anemia, and even death.

Sources of Folic Acid

Vegetable: cabbage, lettuce, onions, cereals, legumes, yeast, pomelo, oranges, grapefruits, bananas, nuts, mushrooms, dates.
Animals: lamb, beef, poultry, liver, fish, milk, eggs.
Chemical:"Folic acid", multivitamin complexes.
Synthesis in the body: synthesized by the microflora of the colon, especially with the additional intake of bifidobacteria.

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin, cobalamins)

Vitamin B12 (cobalamins, cyanocobalamin)- a group of cobalt-containing substances, which are a powder of a crystalline structure, dark red, odorless, soluble in water, resistant to sunlight and heat.

The role of cyanocobalamin in human life. Cyanocobalamin plays an important role in hematopoiesis, normal growth and development of the child, maintaining the normal functioning of the nervous system, and reproductive function. Prevents premature aging, dementia, impaired brain activity, development. In addition, cobalamins enhance immune system, normalize arterial pressure, give the body strength and vitality. Needed to be absorbed by the body.

Symptoms of cyanocobalamin deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): are accelerating pathological processes in sick people, the activity of the brain, nervous system, digestive system, and visual function are disrupted. The risk of development increases.

Sources of cyanocobalamin

Vegetable: sea kale, yeast, hops, soy and soy products.
Animals: liver, heart, kidneys, brains, beef, poultry, fish, dairy products, eggs.
Chemical: multivitamin complexes.
Synthesis in the body: synthesized by the microflora in the digestive organs with good nutrition.

Vitamin-like compounds of group B

Vitamin B4 (choline, vitamin Bp)

Vitamin B4 (choline, vitamin Bp)- a vitamin-like substance, which is a colorless hygroscopic crystals, highly soluble in water, ethanol, poorly soluble in acetone, amyl alcohol, chloroform, and completely insoluble in benzene, diethyl ether and carbon disulfide. It also breaks down when heated from +70°C. Choline and its derivatives are used as food additive and is designated as - E1001.

The role of choline in human life. Choline plays an important role in the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, as well as maintaining the normal functioning of the brain, liver, kidneys, nervous system, and human reproductive function. Promotes accelerated recovery of the liver and the whole organism as a whole after alcohol intoxication, as well as other types of poisoning. Choline improves memory, regulates blood cholesterol and insulin levels. Prevents the appearance of stones in gallbladder, prevents premature aging, normalizes the functioning of the digestive system.

Symptoms of choline deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): disorders of the nervous system (depression, stress, irritability, insomnia), memory impairment, a tendency to, increased fatigue, growth retardation.

Sources of Choline

Vegetable: legumes, bran, yeast, carrots, cabbage, tomatoes.
Animals: beef, liver, kidney, heart, fish, egg yolk, dairy products.
Chemical: Choline chloride.
Synthesis in the body: synthesized by the body with good nutrition, as well as the absence of chronic diseases.

Vitamin B8 (inositol, inositol, inositdroretinol)

Vitamin B8 (inositol, inositol, inositdroretinol)- a vitamin-like substance, which is a crystalline powder, sweetish in taste, highly soluble in water, insoluble in alkali and acids, is destroyed when heated.

The role of inositol in human life. Inositol is part of many enzymes, plays an important role in regulating metabolism, cholesterol levels in the blood. Inositol helps in the fight against diseases of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction,). Improves brain activity, memory. Normalizes the functioning of the nervous system - improves sleep, helps in the fight against depression. It contributes to the normal functioning of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, maintaining healthy hair. Supports the health of the human reproductive function. It is extremely important for the normal growth, development and health of bones and muscle tissue, which is especially important for children and adolescents.

Symptoms of inositol deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): disorders of the nervous system (depression, stress, irritability,), increased hair loss, high blood pressure, constipation, disorders in the development of bones and muscles (dystrophy), (, dermatitis, eczema), a tendency to obesity, deterioration in concentration and memory.

Sources of inositol

Vegetable: wild rice, legumes, barley groats, wheat germ and bran, nuts, sesame seeds, yeast, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, tomatoes, citrus fruits, watermelon, melon, blackberries, gooseberries, raisins.
Animals: liver, heart, kidneys, brains, fish, caviar.
Chemical:"Inositol forte".
Synthesis in the body: 75% of vitamin B8 is synthesized by the body with good nutrition, with a predominance of food enriched with vitamins.

Vitamin B10 (para-aminobenzoic acid, PABA, vitamin H1)

Vitamin B10 (para-aminobenzoic acid, PABA, PABA, n-aminobenzoic acid, vitamin H1)- vitamin-like substance - an amino acid, which is a whitish crystalline powder, poorly soluble in water, highly soluble in ethyl alcohol and ether, is destroyed when heated from 187 °C.

The role of para-aminobenzoic acid in human life. PABA plays an important role in hematopoiesis (formation of red blood cells), folic acid synthesis, protein and fat metabolism, normal functioning thyroid gland, the production of breast milk by a nursing mother. PABA stimulates the production of interferon by the body, due to which it indirectly helps to protect the body from -, as well as,. It is applied to anti-wrinkle cosmetics, as well as in sun protection products. Supports hair growth and health. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases. Prevents the development of blood clots malignant tumors. Stimulates the production of beneficial microflora in the intestines.

Symptoms of deficiency of para-aminobenzoic acid in the body (hypovitaminosis): skin problems (dermatitis, eczema, dryness or oiliness), rapid onset of sunburn in a short time exposure to the sun, insufficient milk during breastfeeding, frequent indigestion, and deterioration in blood quality, impaired development of bones and muscle tissue.

Sources of para-aminobenzoic acid

Vegetable: rice bran, yeast, nuts, whole wheat flour, mushrooms, vegetables, black seeds, parsley,.
Animals: liver, fish, dairy products, eggs.
Chemical:"Multivit", "Vitrum".
Synthesis in the body:

Vitamin B11 (carnitine, L-carnitine, vitamin Bt)

Vitamin B11 (carnitine, L-carnitine, levocarnitine, vitamin gamma, vitamin Bt)- a vitamin-like substance, which is a white crystalline powder, easily soluble in water and hot alcohol, poorly soluble in acetone, ether and benzene, is destroyed when heated from 195 ° C.

The role of carnitine in human life. Carnitine, or rather its "L" form (L-carnitine), plays an important role in the metabolism of fats, providing cells with energy. It is often used by fitness trainers to fight extra pounds, energize, and give strength in sports. This substance literally burns fat from the muscle tissues of the body. It is used as a prophylactic against cardiovascular diseases. Regulates the level of cholesterol in the blood. Normalizes the activity of the nervous system, removes toxins from the body, promotes tissue regeneration after damage.

Symptoms of carnitine deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): increased fatigue, loss of strength, high blood pressure, obesity, irritability.

Sources of Carnitine

Vegetable: yeast, sesame seeds, pumpkin, avocado.
Animals: beef, lamb, fish, poultry, dairy products, eggs.
Chemical:"L-carnitine", "Karniten", vitamin complexes.
Synthesis in the body: is synthesized by the body with a complete diet, with a predominance of food enriched with vitamins and microelements, especially B3, B6, B9, B12, C, and others.

Vitamin B13 (orotic acid, orotate)

Vitamin B13 (orotic acid, orotate)- a vitamin-like substance, which is a white crystalline powder, poorly soluble in water and organic solvents, is destroyed by sunlight.

The role of orotic acid in human life. Orotic acid is part of all living cells of the body, plays an important role in the synthesis of protein, fats and other substances, maintaining the normal functioning and health of the liver, and the normal development of the fetus during pregnancy. Supports the functionality of the human reproductive function. Contributes to the normal growth and development of the fetus, children. Prevents cardiovascular diseases regulates blood cholesterol levels. Promotes hematopoiesis, prevents premature aging. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamins B5, B9 and B12 by the body.

Symptoms of orotic acid deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): high blood pressure, dry skin, increased fatigue, deviations in the development of children.

Sources of Orotic Acid

Vegetable: yeast, root crops.
Animals: liver, dairy products.
Chemical:"Potassium Orotate".
Synthesis in the body: synthesized by the body with good nutrition, with a predominance of food enriched with vitamins and microelements.

Vitamin B14 (pyrroloquinoline quinone, methoxanthin, coenzyme PQQ)

Vitamin B14 (pyrroloquinoline quinone, methoxanthin, coenzyme PQQ)- a vitamin-like substance, which is a small molecule of quinone, which has the effect of a redox agent. Let's well dissolve in water.

The role of pyrroloquinoline quinone in human life. Pyrroloquinoline quinone prevents disorders of mental function and brain activity in the elderly, supports the functioning of the nervous system, stimulates the immune system, and contributes to the normal functioning of the human reproductive system. Has antioxidant properties.

Symptoms of PQQ deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): impaired concentration and memory in old age.

Sources of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone

Vegetable: soybeans, spinach, rapeseed flowers, field mustard, green tea, bell peppers, parsley, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, kiwi, bananas, papaya, apples.
Synthesis in the body: synthesized by the body into breast milk with good nutrition, with a predominance of food enriched with vitamins and microelements.

Vitamin B15 (pangamic acid, calcium pangamate)

Vitamin B15 (pangamic acid, calcium pangamate)- a vitamin-like substance, which is a white or egg-white hygroscopic powder, highly soluble in water, in which it is destroyed, insoluble in alcohol. Decomposes when heated and exposed to light.

The role of pangamic acid in human life. Pangamic acid plays an important role in the synthesis of various substances important for the normal functioning of the body (creatine, phospholipids, etc.), regulation of blood cholesterol levels, and stimulation of the production of adrenal hormones. Protects the liver from fibrosis and. Promotes tissue respiration, cell regeneration, excretion of poisoning products from the body. Pangamic acid has a vasodilating effect, prevents the development of infectious and cardiovascular diseases.

Symptoms of pangamic acid deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): increased fatigue, irritability, stress, depression, oxygen starvation of tissues, cardiovascular diseases, premature aging (wrinkles and graying).

Sources of Pangamic Acid

Vegetable: apricot kernels, nuts, almonds, plant seeds (pumpkin, sunflower, sesame), wheat, brown rice (whole), wheat, watermelon, melon.
Animals: liver.
Chemical:"Calcium pangamat".
Synthesis in the body: synthesized by the body with good nutrition, with a predominance of food enriched with vitamins and microelements.

Vitamin B16 (dimethylglycine, DMG)

Vitamin B16 (dimethylglycine, DMG)- vitamin-like substance, which is an intermediate link between choline and glycine. Let's well dissolve in water.

The role of dimethylglycine in human life. Dimethylglycine plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and other substances, is present in DNA, participates in the processes of hormone secretion, has a detoxifying property, stimulating the excretion of products from the body, as well as other products of intoxication. Stimulates the immune system, promotes the enrichment of oxygen in tissues, as well as cell regeneration. Regulates the level of cholesterol and glucose in the blood, normalizes blood pressure. Helps in protecting the body from various diseases against the background reduced immunity. It has a beneficial effect on the body during high physical and mental stress. It is used in the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, autism, multiple sclerosis, chronic hepatitis, Leigh's syndrome.

Symptoms of dimethylglycine deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): impaired concentration of attention and memory, increased fatigue, nervousness, irritation.

Sources of Dimethylglycine

Vegetable: peanuts, almonds, rice, buckwheat, yeast, plant seeds (sunflower, pumpkin, sesame).
Animals: poultry, liver, fish (sea), milk, eggs.
Chemical: Glycine, Hypoxen, Actovegin.
Synthesis in the body: no data.

Vitamin B17 (amygdalin, laetral, letril)

Vitamin B17 (amygdalin, laetral, letril)- a vitamin-like substance, which is a combination of benzaldehyde and cyanide (sugar molecules). Let's well dissolve in water.

The role of amygdalin in human life. Amygdalin, according to unconfirmed data (WHO), has anti-cancer properties, in which it is mainly used by traditional healers. Amygdalin gained the greatest popularity thanks to the American documentary writer Edward Griffin, who wrote the book A World Without Cancer. It is also noticed that vitamin B17 prevents premature aging, strengthens the immune system. According to some reports, amygdalin can be used in the treatment of diseases such as anemia, scurvy,

Symptoms of amygdalin deficiency in the body (hypovitaminosis): increased fatigue.

Sources of amygdalin

Vegetable: bones (apricots, peaches, apples, cherries, plums), bitter almonds.
Chemical:"Amygdalin", "Laetrile".
Synthesis in the body: not synthesized in the body.