How to cure wet callus on the leg. Ointments for corns - a list of effective drugs for the treatment and healing of corns. Treatment for small blisters

Water callus ("dropsy", soft callus) is a painful blister that occurs as a result of cyclic mechanical action on the skin. As a rule, these bubbles filled with a clear liquid appear on the feet, palms and fingers. With adequate treatment and protection of the sore spot from damage, even large wet calluses heal quickly and do not leave scars.

Reasons for education

Wet callus occurs due to friction and shift of the upper layers of the skin relative to the deeper ones. Typically, initial pathological changes integumentary structures remain asymptomatic. Prolonged mechanical action leads to exfoliation of a part of the epidermis, an inflammatory process and the formation of a blister filled with liquid.

The immediate causes of the appearance of watery corns can be:

• hard or too tight shoes, wearing them on bare feet;
• abrasion of the skin in contact with hard wardrobe items or accessories (for example, a bag belt);
• prolonged work with tools for gardening and repair;
• playing sports with hard equipment (playing tennis or cycling).

Sensitive and thin skin, hyperhidrosis and sweating of the feet when wearing warm shoes or during the summer season significantly increase the risk of a wet blister.

Signs and complications

The first symptom of water callus is swelling and redness of the skin area at the site of friction, slight soreness. When the mechanical action stops, a slight itching may be felt for some time.

A moisture-filled blister occurs in the painful area only if rubbing continues.

The liquid in the corn, despite being clear and not smelly after the blister opens, is not water. The cavity under the exfoliated epidermis is filled with lymph - an intercellular fluid that consists of water, proteins and a small part of blood cells - lymphocytes and erythrocytes.

The presence of a cavity with moisture distinguishes wet corns from corns, dry and core corns, which also occur during friction, but have a different localization (usually on the heels and other areas with rough skin) and require a different therapy.

In the blister stage, the water callus causes severe pain to the patient. Pressure on the skin causes tension in the walls of the cavity and increases pain syndrome, which can extend to the entire foot or palm.

With continued friction or injury to the blister (squeezing, impact), deformation and rupture of the bladder wall occurs, which leads to the outflow of lymphatic fluid and the ingress of the microflora of the surrounding skin surface. If at the same time the exfoliated epidermis (blister wall) is detached, a scarlet weeping wound remains in place of the callus.

After depressurization, an infection can enter the cavity. Symptoms of its development include inflammation of the skin around the blister, strong pain even in the absence of a mechanical effect on the wound, the separation of a cloudy liquid or pus, the formation of yellowish crusts near the callus, in severe cases, including in children, an increase in body temperature.

The risk of streptococcus or staphylococcus bacteria entering the body is higher if the opening of the blister occurred with the separation of part of the epidermis.

Treatment

In no case should the appearance of corns be ignored, even if the discomfort during movement remains tolerable. Lack of adequate therapy can lead to damage and infection of the blister, as a result of which the treatment will be longer and more painful.

The tactics of therapy is selected depending on the size of the callus. Small bubbles filled with lymphatic fluid are usually observed on the toes and hands when wearing tight shoes, getting pebbles inside them or when working with a tool. They have a diameter of up to 5-7 mm. A characteristic localization of large calluses is the area above the heel and the ball of the foot. They can be elongated and up to several centimeters long.

Treatment for small blisters

If a small callus appears on the leg or arm, it can be quickly removed with the help of special preparations. First, treat with disinfectant solutions (chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide), dry the surrounding skin and stick a bactericidal patch. This will protect the wound from friction and damage before therapy begins.

Treatment of a small corn includes treating the sore spot and surrounding tissues with antiseptics (1-2 times a day), using zinc or salicylic ointment to dry the blister, and gluing special corn plasters. They solve two problems at once: the salicylic acid present on them promotes the healing of the corn, and the insulating circle in which the blister is enclosed protects it from injury.

Piercing an intact bladder should not be done, as for small blisters, this measure carries more risks than potential benefits. The surface layers protect the corn well from harmful microflora and cool the inflamed tissues inside the cavity.

Treatment of large corns

Large calluses are more likely to burst even with minimal mechanical impact, so the damage and treatment of the blister must be done preventively and under sterile conditions. It is safest to pierce the water callus in the first 1-2 days after the formation of the cavity.

It is necessary to open the blister according to the following algorithm:

If the blister has been damaged, you need to remove all contamination from the wound as soon as possible, treat it with antiseptic solutions, lubricate antibacterial agent and glue a protective gauze bandage on top.

In some cases, it is possible to cure water callus only with the help of a qualified specialist. It is recommended to consult a surgeon when:

• large blisters (size - more than 1-1.5 cm);
• the presence of infected calluses;
• multiple bubbles of any size.

Folk remedies

With small corns, in addition to traditional therapy, you can use the means traditional medicine. The following are considered the most effective:

Folk remedies will not make it possible to quickly cure the pathology, but they will significantly speed up the healing process and dry the blister.

Prevention

It is easier to prevent the occurrence of corns than to endure the discomfort associated with its treatment and drainage of the wound. For prevention, you must follow simple rules:

• choose and try on new shoes in the afternoon;
• pay attention to the stiffness of the back and stick special silicone pads on the shoes in a timely manner;
• buy socks made from natural materials;
• regularly dry shoes, especially designed for sports activities;
• to prevent sweating of the feet, use special sprays and talcs;
• 2-3 times a week to carry out soothing foot baths with a decoction of chamomile, calendula and oak bark, a weak solution of vinegar;
• every evening after hygiene procedures, knead the feet with massage oil or softening foot cream.

To prevent the formation of wet calluses on the hands, special protective gloves should be worn when working in the garden, repairing and sports activities.

Wet corn is a very common problem. There is hardly a person who has not encountered her at least once. At first glance, this injury seems minor. We begin to treat it, pierce it, cut it off, or do not pay attention to it at all, which as a result leads to sad consequences. And all because we know very little about such an ordinary phenomenon.

Causes of wet corns

Surely you yourself know the reasons why wet corn appears. But it never hurts to update your knowledge. So, most often we rub our feet with uncomfortable shoes. Artificial non-breathable material, rough seams, a large number of straps, the wrong size - all this leads to the fact that after a few hours of wearing such shoes, we can get painful chafing.

High heels contribute to improper distribution of the load on the foot. What causes calluses on the fingers. A hard heel counter or shoes that are too tight lead to the formation of wet calluses on the heel. Flip flops, in turn, are often rubbed between the fingers.

If we talk about the hands, then here we get chafing if we work with any tool for a long time without wearing gloves.

The second main reason is wet skin. She is more susceptible to injury. That is why most often we rub our feet in the spring and summer.

Helpful recipe. Potato treatment

Prevention of wet corns

Treatment of wet calluses on the feet is not a pleasant process, so it is best to do everything possible to prevent their occurrence. To do this, you need to follow a few rules:

• Choose comfortable shoes, especially for everyday wear. She should not press or spank.
• Summer shoes are better to choose from natural fabrics, as they allow the legs to "breathe". From this they will not sweat and rub.
• Avoid coarse seams and small straps.
• There are special shoes for sports or hiking.
• A thin sock will save you from chafing.
• In the summer heat, when socks are completely inappropriate, you can use talc or special sticks from corns. Instead of sticks, hygienic lipstick is also perfect, which is used to lubricate the area between the fingers or the seams on the shoes.
• Always carry a Band-Aid with you just in case, especially if you plan to wear a new pair of shoes that day.

Why corns need to be treated

Many people ignore the treatment of wet calluses on their feet, thinking that it is not so important. This is not worth doing the following reasons. First, the water bladder can become infected and inflamed. And secondly, if you do not treat the chafing in the same place, then they overlap each other. This forms a callosity, which after a while can turn into a dry callus.

Its most unpleasant type is the rod, which is very difficult to remove. It brings tangible pain when walking and can even deform the foot and gait. Long-term therapy is required for its treatment. So if, as a result of wearing some shoes, you constantly have a wet callus on your foot in the same place, they should be discarded.

Wet callus treatment

Most the best treatment- do not touch the rubbed area. If the water bubble is whole and small in size, then you do not need to pierce it or cut off the upper skin. You will think, how then to get rid of wet calluses. You just need to stop the mechanical effect on the skin in this place and rinse it with clean water from impurities.

The absence of bandages, plasters, socks, etc. is welcome. Therefore, open the injured place at home so that it dries out more quickly. Fresh air promotes faster healing of corns. If you need to go somewhere, then cover it with a band-aid so as not to rub even more or tear off the skin. Try to find on sale a bactericidal patch with holes through which the skin will breathe.

When a wet callus appears on the heel, the treatment must necessarily be accompanied by a change of shoes. Choose shoes with the softest heel.

It is completely different to do if the bladder is large, interferes with walking or is located in a place where it is likely to be injured. This rarely happens, but still it is an occasion to pierce it yourself before it bursts. A large, wet callus on a toe or foot should be disinfected first, as should the needle you plan to use. Then follow the plan:

1. Gently make a puncture at the very base of the callus, holding the needle parallel to the surface of the skin.
2. If necessary, make several punctures.
3. Gently press down on the bubble to squeeze out all the liquid.
4. Treat again with an antiseptic and, if necessary, fix with a "breathing" bandage.
5. You may have to repeat the procedure after a few hours, as the fluid may again accumulate inside the bladder.
6. Do not cut off the skin!

If the corn burst

But how to treat a wet corn that has burst itself? The first thing you need to do is to clean it of impurities. To do this, wash the wound with soap and warm running water. Although it is not advisable to touch the upper skin, if you see particles of dirt under it, they must be removed from there.

Your further measures should be the same as with an open wound. It needs to be treated with some kind of antiseptic in the form of a liquid, spice or ointment, but do not use alcohol-containing products for these purposes. Cologne, brilliant green, iodine - this is not the best choice.

After treating the wound, apply a bandage from a sterile bandage. Need somewhere to go? Again, cover it with plaster. Pharmacies sell a special remedy for wet corns Compeed. This is a patch that prevents the skin from further injury, and also absorbs the fluid released from the bladder or wound. But you can also use a regular patch.

Symptoms of inflammation of the corn

Sometimes a weeping corn becomes inflamed because pathogens get into it. This is not good and sometimes requires medical attention. Let's look at the symptoms that indicate a complication:

Do you have one or more of these symptoms? It is best to consult a doctor in this case. Do not consider this a trifling matter, because even a small wound can lead to big problems with health. If a wet callus is inflamed, treatment should be immediate.

Folk methods for the treatment of wet corns

Since ancient times, people have known plants and improvised means that do a good job of relieving inflammation and pain. They dry faster and heal wounds. They can also be used when wet callus on the foot haunts you. These include:

• Table or sea salt. Prepare a solution: a teaspoon of salt per liter of clean boiled water. Rinse the place of corns with it or take short baths.
• Plantain. The leaves of this plant should be collected away from the track and washed well. Take one leaf and rub it in your palms, and then attach it to the problem area.
• Lemon peel. AT essential oil Citrus contains a powerful natural antiseptic. Bandage the "butt" from the lemon to the watery bladder at night. In the morning you will notice how your condition has improved.
• Aloe and Kalanchoe. There is nothing easier than getting rid of a wet corn by attaching a leaf from a normal one to it. houseplant, which is in almost every home.
• Tomato juice. Lubricate periodically wet corn with a piece of fresh tomato. Very soon you will forget that you had such a sore.
• Chamomile and calendula. These are two famous medicinal plants, which produce a wonderful antibacterial effect. Make a bath infusion out of them.
• Weak solution of potassium permanganate. It has a drying effect.
• Film from a chicken egg. Break a raw egg and separate the delicate white film from the shell. Stick it to the callus, which will quickly pass from such treatment.

Our video. What is in the corn for liquid

Now you know everything possible ways how to treat wet corn. But if there is no special need, do not touch it once again. A small water bubble will dry up on its own after 1-2 days. It will take more time if it burst, but when inflammatory process Be especially vigilant and do not delay going to the doctor.

Doctor of the highest qualification category. I have completed higher education at the Vladivostok State Medical Institute with a degree in dermatology. Experience in the field of cosmetology and dermatology - 15 years. I regularly attend international master classes, and I am also a regular participant in international congresses and symposiums.

wet corn- This is a skin callus, which appears due to mechanical damage to the skin as a result of friction.

She evokes a lot pain when moving and can cause infection of the body.

Differences from other species

How is wet corn different from others? What is the fluid in a corn? To answer these questions, first let's define what it is?

dropsy (wet callus) This is how human skin reacts to prolonged friction. Due to friction, the epidermis exfoliates, forming a cavity: the top three layers are separated from the deep one. The cavity is filled with corn fluid: a bubble appears on the skin. In the upper part of the corn, some of the cells die.

The fluid in the corn may be clear or have a yellowish tint. This is blood plasma that has left the bloodstream. It acts on the damaged area of ​​the deep layer of the skin soothingly, protects it, and if no risk spontaneous rupture of the bladder, it is not recommended to pierce it. The bottom of the bladder is edematous, but severe inflammation in this area is observed only if an infection has entered the wound.

Read about other types of corns in.

Causes of occurrence on different parts of the body

More often wet calluses appear between the toes, on the heels, in the ankle area. Cause their education uncomfortable shoes: not broken, narrow, rough, with seams concave inward.

Also causes dropsy wearing shoes without socks(stockings, footprints, etc.): sweating, the legs become wet, the friction of wet skin on hard shoes quickly leads to wet calluses.

Those who love to work in the garden without gloves calluses are also on the fingers, on the palms. Tennis game, long execution exercises on the horizontal bar, squeezing clothes manually yu - three more causes of dropsy.

The skin in these places hurts due to movement or contact with shoes when walking, in addition, there is big risk infection in the wound if the bubble suddenly bursts, and the environment around it is not sterile.

Risk factors - sensitive skin and heavy sweating. Owners of these two features very often face the problem of the appearance of wet not only on the legs and arms, but also on other parts of the body.

Treatment

What to do with water corn? How to treat? Wet corn happens with different degrees of damage, so the methods of treatment are different.

If a skin damage is small and the risk of bladder rupture is minimal, we proceed as follows:

If a a large area of ​​skin is damaged and the risk of bladder rupture is high, necessary:

If a the corn opened spontaneously and the wall came off:

How to treat if the infection has got to the affected area?

Leather around dropsy swollen, reddened, became hot, the corn hurts, even if you don't touch it, the liquid inside her turned cloudy- all this symptoms of infection calluses. Also talking about infection the formation of yellow crusts around the burst bubble, discharge of pus.

ATTENTION! In this case self-medication it is better not to engage, a contact the surgeon who, under sterile conditions, will open the bladder, remove its walls, make the necessary processing, apply a bandage and prescribe treatment antibacterial drugs.

What patches can be used?

There are a huge number of plasters from wet corns. Which one to choose for the treatment of corns?

On the feet, water callus is best treated with a patch. . Patch intensely absorbs liquid secreted by the wound, but the wound does not dry out, since the material has low air permeability. An optimal environment for restoring damaged skin is created, pain decreases (pain receptors are isolated from factors that irritate them), corn protected by a mechanical barrier against friction and bacteria.

How to apply?

1. Treat damaged skin with an antiseptic. Wait until it becomes dry. With a bursting callus, it is necessary to remove the skin that has exfoliated. Make sure that the wound is not infected (if there is a bacterial infection, the patch should not be applied).
2. Warm up the plaster with your hands, stick it on the corn. Keep in mind that it cannot be cut.
3. After a few days, it will peel off on its own.

School. Hydrogel patches that speed up the process of skin regeneration. It is convenient to use them: transparent and invisible. Material permeable to air, but not water. Hydrogel is effectively used in medicine to heal wounds.

Cosmos Hydro Active. Reliable prevention and effective treatment wet calluses on the hands and feet. Thanks to the patch, it accelerates natural healing process. The secretion secreted by the wound is absorbed, forming a gel cushion, which reduces the risk of infection and soothes pain. The patch stays on the skin for several days. does not stick to the wound surface.

Video

You can also get acquainted with the methods of treating watery corns on the video:

Folk and pharmacy methods

There are many folk methods treatment, how to get rid of water calluses.

Features of therapy for dropsy on the heel

Covering a callus on the heel with a conventional bactericidal patch relieves pain and reduces the risk of infection, but these patches often peel off, dislodge, or fold over to expose the wound.

ATTENTION! A band-aid gathered in an accordion on the area with corn exacerbates the situation, increasing pressure on this area.

More efficient and modern solution- usage specially designed for the treatment wet calluses plasters. They are well fixed on the heel, relieve pain, close access to the wound for pathogens, dirt and water, create optimal conditions for the restoration of callused skin.

REFERENCE. Hydrocolloid plasters available in different sizes and different forms. AT pharmacy check that you need a patch to treat calluses on your heel.

Prevention

• Comfortable clothes, comfortable shoes, work with gloves, preventive gluing of plasters.
• The stretching spray will help make new leather shoes comfortable by stretching and softening them.
• So that wet calluses do not appear between the toes due to tight shoes, you can apply hygienic lipstick to the skin in these places.
• Pencil Compeed - a tool that prevents the occurrence of chafing.
• Use of products that prevent sweating of the feet.
• The use of special pads with gel inside, which can be attached to shoes in friction points.
• If the corn has burst, the wound should be disinfected as soon as possible so that there is no infection.

NOTE!Wet corn - wound surface. If a large area of ​​skin damaged, for treatment it is better to consult a dermatologist. At little damage special patches and folk or pharmacy remedies will help.

Corn is a change in a limited area of ​​the skin in response to prolonged or intense exposure to a mechanical factor - friction. Depending on the duration, strength, site of exposure and characteristics of the skin, a different reaction may occur, which is manifested by ulceration, exfoliation of the skin ( bubble formation) or thickening of the stratum corneum. Calluses appear only on those parts of the body that are covered with rather rough skin ( palms, feet), while in other regions an open defect is formed under the influence of friction.


There are the following types of corns:

• Wet corn. Wet callus is a small bubble filled with a clear liquid that forms over a short period of time in a place of intense and relatively short friction.
• Hard corn. hard corn ( dry corn, callosity, corns) is a thickening of the skin at the site of permanent high blood pressure and friction.

• Core corn. A callus is a skin formation in which a hard core or rod forms under the surface of a hard callus, which exerts pressure on the underlying tissues ( muscles, bones, tendons, blood vessels, nerves).

The collection of statistical data on this pathology is difficult, since, firstly, people with corns apply for medical care quite rarely, preferring to treat them on their own, and secondly, it is assumed that almost all physically active people met with one or another type of corns.

Studies conducted among the military indicate that in only 10 - 11% of cases, wet corns ( which occur most often) require medical attention due to the risk of infection and complications.

Interesting Facts

• calluses on the feet are the same age as shoes;
• the first mention of calluses dates back 4 thousand years;
• calluses are more common in the active population;
• corns develop more often in non-professional athletes;
• calluses are more common among women ( due to the frequent wearing of uncomfortable and inappropriate shoes, as well as high-heeled shoes);
• Calluses have been studied in various areas of sports and military medicine.

The structure of the skin and its physiology

The human skin has the following layers:

• epidermis;
• the actual skin or dermis;
• subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Epidermis

The epidermis consists of several dozen rows of keratinocyte cells, which provide mechanical strength and elasticity of the skin due to intercellular connections, as well as due to the production of a specific protein. These cells are constantly dividing and thus provide permanent renewal of the epidermis due to the movement of new cells from the depth to its surface. Full skin renewal takes about 30 days. In the structure of the epidermis, 5 main layers located on top of each other are microscopically distinguished, each of which, to one degree or another, reflects the evolutionary path of skin cells.

The epidermis consists of the following layers:

1. basal layer. The basal layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis and is formed by several types of cells that, multiplying, provide renewal of the surface layer of the skin. In addition, the basal layer anchors the epidermis to the basement membrane ( thin layer of connective tissue that separates the dermis and epidermis).
2. Spiny layer. The spinous layer consists of 5-10 layers of keratinocytes, which are connected by multiple cell bridges ( which under microscopy are similar to spikes). In this layer, there is an enhanced synthesis of keratin and the formation of fibers and bundles from it.
3. grainy layer. The granular layer consists of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes, which have an oval shape due to the accumulation inside a large number keratin and a number of other proteins. In this layer, the cells activate the production of a number of enzymes that break down the internal organelles of the cell and form keratohyalin, which is deposited in the form of large granules ( grains).
4. Shiny layer. The shiny layer consists of several rows of flattened cells with destroyed organelles, which contain a large amount of light-refracting proteins. At this level of development, part of the intercellular bridges is destroyed, however, a large amount of special substances are released into the intercellular space, which allow the cellular structure of this layer to be sufficiently strong. The shiny layer is found only on the thick skin of the palms and soles, it is usually absent on other parts of the body with thinner skin.
5. stratum corneum. The stratum corneum consists of fully developed keratinocytes, which, due to the accumulation of mature protein, become completely filled with it and form horny scales. These scales are resistant to many chemical and physical factors. In the process of life, the scales exfoliate and are replaced by new ones.

It should be noted that there are no blood vessels in the thickness of the epidermis. For this reason, the nutrition of the cells of this layer is carried out solely due to the diffusion of fluid from the underlying dermis.

The epidermis contains melanocytes - cells capable of synthesizing melanin - the pigment responsible for skin color and protecting the deeper layers from ultraviolet radiation.

The actual skin

The dermis is made up of the following layers

• Papillary layer. The papillary layer is located more superficially and is formed mainly by loose connective fibers. The papillary layer determines the individual skin pattern ( which is especially noticeable on the palms and soles). Due to this "wavy" structure, the skin has a sufficiently high elasticity and lends itself well to stretching.
• mesh layer. The reticular layer of the skin consists of denser connective tissue, the fibers of which are parallel and oblique in relation to the surface of the skin ( which forms a kind of network). The reticular layer is most developed in areas of the skin that are subjected to intense mechanical stress ( palms, feet).

The dermis provides resistance to various mechanical factors that can stretch or compress it.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

The subcutaneous tissue performs the following functions:

• Thermoregulation. Adipose tissue conducts heat rather poorly, thanks to which the layer of fat cells allows you to keep heat in the body, preventing it from escaping into the external environment.
• mechanical damping. Subcutaneous adipose tissue contributes to a more even distribution of pressure transmitted through the epidermis and dermis to the underlying structures. This minimizes internal damage.
• Skin mobility. Due to the loose connection subcutaneous tissue with the underlying tissues, some mobility of the skin relative to the muscles and bones is possible. This helps to reduce the mechanical load when exposed to tension, displacement, friction.

With a significant development of the subcutaneous fat layer, we can also talk about the nutritional function, or rather, the storage function. nutrients.

Physiological aspects of the skin

The physiological properties of the skin are based on the following physical phenomena:

• Rigidity. Rigidity is the resistance to deformation experienced by the skin. The higher the stiffness, the less deformation of the skin occurs at the same load. However, when the critical value is exceeded, an excessively rigid tissue is not deformed, but damaged.
• Elasticity. Elasticity is the ability of an object to stretch under the action of an external force and restore its original shape after the cessation of mechanical stress.
• Viscoelasticity. The skin, like some other biological tissues, has viscoelasticity, which allows it to simultaneously have the properties of a viscous and elastic body. This combination allows the skin to dissipate the energy of deformation during the application of the load and restore its original shape after the load is removed. When the skin responds, the main role is played not by the type of load, but by its history, in other words, the strain rate ( which depends on the intensity and duration of exposure).

Mechanical action can be represented by the following processes:

• friction;
• pressure;
• injury;
• suction;
• gap;
• vibration.

The reaction of the skin to mechanical irritation depends on the following factors:

• Age. As we age, the skin undergoes a series of structural changes by reducing the intensity of cell division, as well as by disrupting the processes of connective tissue synthesis. All this leads to a slowdown in its renewal, and also creates the prerequisites for the emergence of greater sensitivity to mechanical stress. In addition, after the age of 35 in women and 45 in men, the thickness of the skin decreases, and intercellular connections become weaker. Studies show that until the age of 60, the skin retains a fairly high degree of resistance to parallel action, but vertical forces can cause significant damage to it.
• Floor. Sex hormones are one of the important factors that regulate the structure of the skin. It is known that under the influence of testosterone the skin becomes thicker and the secretion of the sebaceous glands increases. Under the influence of estrogen, the skin slightly thickens, becomes softer, and many blood vessels. Such changes allow women's skin to be more elastic, however, due to increased softness, it can be moisturized faster ( which further softens the skin and increases its coefficient of friction). After menopause, the skin of women thickens somewhat, the stratum corneum becomes more pronounced.
• Skin thickness. The thickness of the skin normally varies in different parts of the body. The thickest skin is observed on the palms, feet, shoulders, back, hips, and the thinnest covers the eyelids, face, scalp. Thick skin can withstand pressure better, but thin skin is more elastic.
• Physical condition of the skin. The initial state of the skin at the time of exposure to a mechanical factor determines the degree of damage. Pre-stretching or compression and other factors can significantly affect the resistance of the skin to exposure.
• Degree of skin hydration. The degree of skin hydration is extremely an important factor, which determines its coefficient of friction. Slight moisturizing of the skin increases this coefficient due to the fact that the fluid absorbed by the epidermis softens the stratum corneum and increases its volume, thereby forming a more embossed and tenacious surface. However, with abundant moisture, when a film facilitating sliding is formed on the surface of the skin, the coefficient of friction decreases, albeit for a relatively short period of time. It should be borne in mind that different fluids have different effects on the friction force, since, firstly, each fluid has its own lubrication index, and secondly, each fluid is absorbed and wets the skin at a different speed. The fat produced by the sebaceous glands of the skin has very little effect on the change in friction, but it maintains the elasticity and extensibility of the stratum corneum.
• Humidity of the environment. A decrease in moisture changes the functional state of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, which becomes stiffer and loses elasticity. This significantly reduces the resistance of the skin to mechanical stress and can lead to the formation of cracks, abrasions, ulcers.
• Ambient temperature. Temperature directly affects the properties of the elastic fibers of the skin, and also indirectly affects their properties by changing perspiration and, accordingly, the degree of hydration. Besides, low temperatures disrupt the blood supply to the surface layers of the skin, which affects their function.
• Exposure to sunlight. Long term exposure sun rays reduces the extensibility and elasticity of the skin. The higher the melanin content in the skin, the less noticeable these changes are.
• Clinical condition skin. Various congenital and acquired systemic and local pathologies can significantly affect the resistance of the skin to mechanical stress. Due to chromosomal or any other abnormalities, the synthesis of elastic fibers may be disrupted, the structure of intercellular connections may be changed, the innervation and blood supply of tissues may change.

Pathological changes in the structure of the skin

wet corn

Separately, mention should be made of ulcerations or abrasions on the skin that form in places where the skin is not strong enough to develop a wet callus. With sufficient intensity of mechanical action, ulceration can also form in areas with rough skin ( palms, feet). In some cases, we can talk about ulceration or an open wound after mechanical removal of the corn cover. With ulceration or abrasion, part of the epidermis or the entire epidermis ( possibly even with part of the dermis) is mechanically separated and removed. This creates the prerequisites for the penetration of pathogenic bacteria and therefore, in such cases, careful antibacterial treatment and care is necessary.

hard corn

callus

Causes of corns

• Inappropriate shoes. The formation of corns, in the vast majority of cases, is associated with shoes, since friction occurs between the surface of the skin and shoes, with sufficient intensity and duration of which separation of the epidermis can occur. The presence of protrusions or other defects in the inner surface of the shoe can cause non-physiological distribution of pressure, which can provoke the occurrence of hard calluses.
• Overweight. Excess weight significantly increases the pressure on the skin of the foot.
• Foot deformity. Deformation of the foot leads to a redistribution of pressure that occurs under the weight of the body on the skin of the foot. As a result, some areas may be subjected to excessive pressure, which may trigger a compensatory reaction with thickening of the skin and the formation of a hard callus. Deformity can develop due to prolonged wearing of inappropriate shoes, due to the characteristics of gait, as well as against the background of pathology of the joints and bones.
• Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus occurs as a result of serious metabolic disorders that directly or indirectly affect the nutrition and function of the skin. In diabetes mellitus, the blood supply and innervation of the skin are disturbed, which leads to increased production of connective tissue, the excess of which reduces the resistance of the foot to mechanical factors. In addition, the resulting decrease in local immunity creates the preconditions for infection of any skin lesions ( so-called diabetic foot).
• Pathology of the peripheral nerves. Insufficient sensitivity of the skin creates the prerequisites for the later detection of corns. Insufficient innervation of the skin of the feet leads to increased production of connective tissue with a reduced elasticity.

Effects of friction and pressure

The force of friction that occurs between the skin and any other surface is determined in accordance with the laws of physics.

The force of friction depends on the following factors:

• from the load or pressure that one surface exerts on another;
• on the coefficient of friction;

Be that as it may, the body is able to adapt to friction, especially when it comes to prolonged and insufficiently intense exposure. A number of biochemical reactions are intensified, intracellular mechanisms are activated that regulate the division of keratinocytes, and the production of connective tissue fibers is stimulated. As a result of the activation of these compensatory reactions, thickening of the skin occurs due to an increase in the thickness of its stratum corneum.

Shoe features

Shoes have the following effects on the foot:

• Friction of shoes with the surface of the skin. The surfaces of the foot and shoe are in constant motion relative to each other. The greater the amplitude of these movements, and the greater the pressure between the moving parts, the higher the friction force, and the stronger the damaging factor.
• Redistribution of pressure. Since all the pressure of the human body during walking and vertical position falls on the legs, or rather, on the skin of the feet, the presence of any non-physiological protrusions or depressions on the inner surface of the shoe soles can cause a serious redistribution of pressure ( which should be evenly distributed over the entire foot).
• Changes in skin moisture and temperature. Since many people have to spend most of the day in shoes, it plays an extremely important role in regulating the microclimate of the skin of the feet. The degree of hydration of the skin, as well as its temperature, depends on the shoes. Insufficient ventilation contributes to excessive sweating and, consequently, excessive hydration of the skin, which is one of the main factors predisposing to the development of corns.

Foot hygiene

The following hygiene aspects affect the formation of calluses:

• Warmly. Incorrect temperature regime is a factor that, to one degree or another, is responsible for the formation of wet and hard calluses. Elevated temperature is a factor that directly increases the risk of calluses. Low temperature reduces the sensitivity of the feet and can cause late detection of signs of corns and the corn itself.
• sweating. Increased perspiration increases skin moisture, which significantly increases the coefficient of friction of the foot against the surface of the shoe.
• Socks. Incorrectly fitting socks can increase the coefficient of friction, can cause increased sweating. In addition, in the fabric of dirty socks, optimal conditions are created for the development of microorganisms that can cause secondary infection of plucked corns.
• Pollution. Pollution of the skin of the foot impairs its sliding, and in addition, increases the risk of infectious complications.

Separately, mention should be made of foot hygiene in diabetes mellitus, since the vascular and nervous disorders that occur with this pathology create prerequisites for the development of hard calluses, under the surface of which ulcers can form. Due to lack of sensitivity, this lesion may go unnoticed, and there is high risk infections. For this reason, people who are ill diabetes, it is recommended to constantly check the skin of the feet for ulcers, abrasions, calluses.

Skin properties

The formation of corns is due to the following properties of the skin:

• Skin thickness. With a small thickness of the skin, the mechanical factor is more likely to cause damage to it with the separation of the upper layer ( abrasion). Sufficiently thick skin is able to resist the impact of a mechanical factor for a time sufficient for the development of compensatory reactions ( increase in thickness, the formation of more connective tissue elements).
• Softening of the skin under the influence of moisture. Moisture, as has been repeatedly mentioned above, can cause softening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis with a significant increase in the coefficient of friction, which creates prerequisites for the development of corns.
• Strength of intercellular connections. The lack of vitamin A, zinc, iron, and a number of other elements, as well as a reduced intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates can cause a violation of the construction of intercellular connections, which will lead to a decrease in skin resistance to stress.

In what areas do corns appear more often?

Calluses can occur in the following areas of the body:

• Soles of the feet. The soles of the feet are constantly subjected to forces generated by body weight, dynamic loads during walking, and friction with shoes or other surfaces.
• Between the toes. The area between the toes can be subjected to excessive pressure and friction due to shoes that are too narrow or deformed joints and bones.
• palmar surface brushes. The palmar surface of the hands constantly interacts with various professional tools, rubbing against which can start the process of callus formation.
• Knees. Prolonged or repetitive kneeling can cause calluses to form.
• Elbows. Frequent emphasis on the elbows can provoke the formation of calluses.
• Part of a limb left after an amputation. The skin in the amputation area gradually becomes rougher, and with constant exposure to the prosthesis, calluses can form on its surface.

• sufficient initial strength of the skin, which does not allow acute damage;
• frequent mechanical impact on these areas in connection with professional activities;
• the ability of the skin of these areas to respond to mechanical irritation by increasing cell division and increasing the production of connective tissue elements.

Symptoms of corns

wet corn

hard corn

callus

infected corn

An infected corn has a slightly more pronounced symptomatology, since an inflammatory focus is formed at the site of penetration and development of pathogenic bacteria or fungi. At the same time, pronounced soreness is noted, which slightly decreases at rest, redness of the surrounding tissues ( redness of the corn itself may not be noticeable due to a too thick stratum corneum). Sometimes there may be a discharge of pus or blood from the formed defect. The skin may be hot to the touch, swollen.


When the infection penetrates through a skin defect into the subcutaneous fatty tissue, marked pain, redness of the entire limb, and a change in skin relief are noted. Possible swelling, change in temperature of the limb or the whole body. Sometimes develops general intoxication, which is characterized by fever, drowsiness, lethargy, increased sweating.

Callus treatment

First aid for corns

First aid for wet corns consists of the following activities:

1. elimination of the mechanical factor that caused the callus;
2. corn disinfection;
3. piercing corns;
4. ligation of the callus.

To reduce mechanical irritation of the corn, you can apply the following measures:

• Change of shoes. It is necessary to change shoes in such a way that in a new pair the injured area is not subjected to friction.
• Sock change. Changing a sock without changing shoes is an ineffective measure, however, replacing a soaked sock can somewhat reduce the moisture content of the foot and, accordingly, reduce the coefficient of friction.
• Gluing the corn with a special plaster. The corn can be sealed with a special bactericidal plaster. A regular plaster is not suitable for this purpose, as it does not allow the skin to breathe and increases its moisture, and besides, it can rip off the corn cover. It is best to use special perforated patches, equipped with a non-adhesive liner, which must be placed over the bladder.

Corn disinfection
After eliminating the mechanical irritant that provoked the callus, it is necessary to treat the surface of the bladder and the skin near it with antiseptic solutions ( betadine, chlorhexidine, iodine, 70% solution of ethyl or isopropyl alcohol.). This reduces the risk of infection during further manipulations, as well as in the event of a rupture of the callus.

Corn piercing
Piercing a corn is possible only if the following conditions are met:

• the presence of antiseptic solutions;
• the presence of a clean needle;
• the possibility of subsequent dressing or gluing the area of ​​​​the callus with a plaster.

Corn piercing should be carried out only after pre-treatment of the bladder and the skin around it with antiseptic solutions and after thorough washing and hand treatment with the same antiseptics or alcohol.

The puncture should be carried out with a sterile needle, which can be taken from a disposable syringe. If there is none and there is no way to get it, you can use any other needle that should be pre-disinfected ( treat with alcohol, hold over an open flame). After that, you can start piercing the bubble.

The puncture of the corn bladder must be carried out from the side, inserting the needle parallel to the surface of the skin, in order not to accidentally injure the bottom of the corn. With a large volume of the bubble, several punctures can be made. This is followed by a clean ( preferably sterile) gently press the wipes on the surface of the bubble to speed up the release of the accumulated liquid there. At the end of the procedure, the corn should be bandaged or sealed with a plaster.

Corn ligation
After piercing the callus, a sterile bandage should be applied to its surface to prevent its infection. Antibacterial ointment can be applied to the corn tetracycline ointment, erythromycin ointment, levomekol), then cover with a sterile napkin and bandage. In cases where it is more convenient to use a patch, direct application of the patch should be avoided, as it can tear off the cover of the corn, and sterile cotton wool or a napkin should be placed under it. The bandage should be changed at least once a day. After 2 - 3 days, when the corn cover is firmly connected to the bottom, the bandage can be removed.

A plucked callus that has had its cover removed should be treated like an open wound. It is best to seek medical help for this purpose, but if this is not possible, then it is necessary to clean and bandage the wound. For cleaning, it is necessary to use hydrogen peroxide, which, due to abundant foaming, removes small particles dirt and kill bacteria. After that, it is necessary to wash the corn with a sterile solution of furacilin or water, and then apply an antibacterial ointment or ointment with a healing effect ( pantoderm, ichthyol ointment, balsamic liniment, propolis, etc.) and, covering with a sterile napkin, bandage or seal with a plaster. The dressing should be changed 1-2 times a day until complete healing.

How to avoid complications of corns?

In order to prevent the complications of corns, it is necessary to observe several simple rules:

• piercing must be done with a sterile or disinfected needle;
• it is necessary to preserve the integrity of the corn cover as much as possible;
• the corn must be protected from friction or contamination;
• the corn must be bandaged with sterile material;
• the bandage over the corn should be changed regularly.

Treatment of hard and core corns

To soften the corn before removing it, a 10 - 20% solution is used. salicylic acid, which is applied to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe corn for several days. After that, in some cases, it is possible to remove the corn without much difficulty. However, one should be extremely careful with a solution of salicylic acid, firstly, not to provoke irritation, and secondly, not to cause softening and ulceration of healthy skin.

The core of the callus is removed using a special tool that allows you to completely drill it out. This must be done as carefully as possible so as not to damage healthy tissues, and as carefully as possible to remove the entire rod. After removal, a solution of salicylic acid and an antiseptic is poured into the resulting cavity and a sterile bandage is applied. A similar procedure is performed by podologists and pedicure specialists.

Also, the core of the callus can be removed by periodically applying drugs that can soften the skin.

The following products can soften the skin:

• salicylic acid ( 10 - 20% solution);
• lactic acid ( 3% solution);
• carbolic acid.

To eliminate the cause of the formation of corns, it is necessary to carefully examine the shoes. A comparison of the thickened areas of the skin with the internal structure of the shoe allows us to draw some conclusions about the discrepancy between the sizes of the latter. To correct this, you should replace the shoes with more suitable ones. In some cases, it is necessary to choose wider shoes, in others, narrower ones. In the case of a serious deformity of the foot, it may be necessary to manufacture an individual orthosis - special shoes or insoles that allow unloading areas that are subjected to the greatest pressure.

If these measures are ineffective, surgical treatment of deformities of the joints and bones of the foot with the removal or correction of protruding bone elements may be required.

Alternative treatment of corns

For the treatment of corns, the following traditional medicine is used:

• Ammonia. To soften the corn, it is steamed in hot water with the addition of 15 - 20 ml of ammonia. After steaming, the corn is cleaned with a pumice stone. If necessary, this procedure is repeated after 2-3 days.
• Onion juice. Lubrication of corns with fresh onion juice or gruel obtained by chopping onions can significantly soften rough skin.
• Aloe. An aloe leaf cut in half is attached to the corn overnight. After softening, rough skin is peeled off.
• Potato. Peeled potatoes are rubbed on a fine grater and, wrapped in gauze, applied to the corn. This product removes pain sensation and also has some anti-inflammatory effect.
• Propolis. Heated and rolled propolis must be applied to the corn and bandaged. After 10 - 12 hours, the bandage should be removed, and the softened corn should be scraped off.
• Plantain. A carefully washed plantain leaf is applied to the corn for several hours. This plant has a healing effect, and also helps to soften the rough skin of the corn.
• Ointment from celandine. It is necessary to take two tablespoons of chopped celandine grass and mix it with 50 grams of sterile vaseline. The resulting mixture should be heated to 50 degrees in a water bath and put in the refrigerator for two days. The resulting ointment is necessary to lubricate the corn before going to bed.
• A poultice of calendula. Crushed calendula flowers mixed with hot water until a thick mass is obtained, which is rubbed into a piece of clean cloth. The resulting tissue is applied to the callus for 7-10 hours. Softening of the callus is noted after 8-10 procedures.
• Washing with a decoction of birch leaves. A quarter cup of a mixture of birch leaves, Veronica grass, white willow bark, flax seeds is poured with two cups of boiling water and heated in a water bath for 10 minutes. The resulting broth is cooled and filtered, after which the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe corn is washed with it. This reduces the risk of infection and irritation.

Prevention of the appearance of corns

For the prevention of corns, you must follow the following recommendations:

• Wearing shoes of the right size. Shoes that are too tight or too loose can cause excessive friction or pressure on the skin of the foot, which can lead to the development of blisters. In order to prevent this, you should choose shoes in accordance with your own size. It is not recommended to wear high heels. If there are individual features of the foot, orthopedic shoes should be ordered or shoes made to order.
• Wearing socks that reduce friction between the foot and shoes. Properly selected socks can significantly reduce the friction coefficient of the skin. With significant loads and when playing sports, you should use special sports socks that absorb liquid well and do not allow the skin of the foot to be moistened. Socks made of polyester combined with wool or polypropylene are best suited for this.
• Using an antiperspirant on your feet. Use of foot antiperspirants ( talc, various sprays) allows you to reduce perspiration and, accordingly, reduce skin moisture and its coefficient of friction.
• Careful foot hygiene. Good foot hygiene should include washing your feet regularly, removing rough skin with a pumice stone, and checking for blisters or other damage.
• Periodic rest. The periodic removal of shoes and socks allows the skin to breathe. This makes it possible to relieve the load and reduce the moisture content of the skin of the legs.
• Use of silicone or gel pads. Special silicone pads under the feet allow you to redistribute the load on the skin of the foot and significantly reduce friction.
• Use of gloves, knee pads and other protective devices. The use of gloves when working with any tools, as well as the use of knee pads and other protective devices, can reduce the load on the skin and reduce the risk of developing blisters.

Wet corn is not only unpleasant, but also a rather dangerous pathological process. That is why, in order to avoid various complications, it is recommended to treat this growth in a timely manner.

For this purpose, drug or minimally invasive therapy can be used.

Wet corn belongs to the category of neoplasms, which are characterized by exfoliation of the upper layer of the epithelium. Under it, the formation of fluid, which is lymph, is observed. The location of this callus can be:

• Back of heels;
• Feet;
• Fingers
• Palms.

If the neoplasm does not burst, then this leads to severe pain. After piercing the growth, the risk of an infectious process increases significantly.

Causes

The appearance of the disease can be observed against the background of constant friction. In most cases, this happens if a person wears excessively tight or uncomfortable shoes.

At risk of neoplasms are women who often wear high-heeled shoes. If a person wears excessively large socks, this can lead to the appearance of neoplasms.

Buying shoes or socks from low-quality materials quite often leads to build-up. A pathological process on the hands of people can occur if they work with tools without gloves.

An increased level of sweating is quite often a provoking factor in the occurrence of neoplasms. The development of a build-up can be diagnosed for various reasons.

That is why in order to eliminate the disease, the patient is recommended to be attentive to his health.

Features of treatment

Elimination of education can be carried out using various types of therapy. The choice of a particular one directly depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease.

To eliminate the appearance of various complications for the treatment of the disease, it is recommended to seek the help of a doctor.

Puncture method

This method of treatment is used if it is impossible to eliminate the contact of the build-up and shoes. Before the procedure, it is recommended to disinfect the corn with an antiseptic solution.

The corn is pierced with a special needle, which is also pre-disinfected. A puncture is made at the junction of the growth with healthy skin. After that, the specialist gently presses the bladder to eliminate the liquid.

Next, the corn is treated with a preparation with disinfectant properties. A sterile bandage is applied over the top. After the puncture, a skin is formed, which is strictly forbidden to be cut off, as it protects the lesion site from infection.

Is it worth it to pierce a wet corn, this video will tell:

To eliminate the disease, laser therapy is often used. It consists in evaporating the build-up with a laser.

Patch

On the modern pharmacological market there is a huge number of patches with which you can carry out effective treatment calluses. Applying:

Due to the presence of a large number of varieties of the patch, it is possible to select the most optimal treatment option for the patient.

traditional medicine

Therapy of the disease is often carried out with the use of pharmaceutical drugs. Their production is carried out in the form of ointments and creams, which provides the most comfortable treatment.

For the treatment of the disease, some patients are recommended to use Karaev's balm. Due to the presence of a pronounced antiseptic effect, the possibility of an infectious process is eliminated.

Medical therapy is quite effective in the treatment pathological condition. In this case, it is only recommended to choose the right medicine in accordance with the characteristics of the course of the pathology.

Folk remedies

Medicines can be used to combat wet calluses. They are prepared on the basis of:

Traditional medicine is not only effective in the treatment of corns, but also safe, which makes it possible to use them for various categories of patients. However, before using certain medicine you need to consult a doctor.

Prevention

When choosing summer shoes, it is best to give preference to natural materials. When choosing shoes, it is recommended to ensure that its material allows air to pass through.

If a rough detail is located in a strategically important place, then it would be best to refuse to buy such shoes. When wearing sports shoes, it is recommended to wear socks without fail.

Thanks to the implementation of simple rules of prevention, it is possible to eliminate the development of a pathological condition.

What is forbidden to do

When a build-up appears, it is strictly forbidden to pierce it yourself. This is due to the fact that it is possible to introduce an infection into the wound, which will negatively affect the treatment process.

Treatment of a burst corn

First aid

When a growth appears in patients, severe pain often occurs. In this case, he is recommended to provide first aid. The patient should get rid of tight shoes.

How to treat wet corn, see this video:

Conclusion

The wet appearance of corns is a very dangerous neoplasm, which is recommended to be treated in a timely manner. In order to eliminate the possibility of complications, the patient is not recommended to self-medicate. In this case, he should contact the medical center, where he will be prescribed adequate therapy.