Vaccination against measles for a child per year reaction. Measles vaccinations. FAQ. Where do you get the measles vaccine?

Once a deadly disease, measles has greatly reduced morbidity and mortality rates over the past decade. Since the beginning of 2010, child mortality from measles infection has decreased to several dozen cases per 1000. A similar result has been achieved through general vaccination - in Russia, measles vaccination is included in the National Vaccination Calendar at the age of 1 year and revaccination at the age of 6 is highly desirable years. There is no doubt about the need to follow the vaccination schedule. Despite low performance mortality and morbidity, measles remains a rather dangerous and difficult to tolerate disease, with an upper temperature threshold of more than 41°C. Opponents of vaccination always try to cite possible complications after measles vaccination as a counterargument, but the likelihood of getting such a complication is disproportionate to the danger of the disease itself. After an illness or correct and successful vaccination, a person forever acquires almost one hundred percent immunity from measles.

A little about the disease

The once huge measles incidence rates in childhood due to its high contagiousness (the ability of the disease to be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person). For measles, this figure varies from 75 to 100%, depending on many factors. Coupled with high susceptibility to the disease, this gives incredible rates of infection in the absence of vaccination. This is leaking infection quite acute and causes a lot of discomfort to the sick child and his parents. Incubation period The illness lasts from 7 to 14 days (rarely up to 21). All symptoms begin to appear on the third day after the incubation period. Here are the signs by which measles can be diagnosed in a sick child:

high temperature - increases gradually and at the highest point of the disease can reach 40–41 ° C;
dry cough, runny nose, weakness;
headache, photosensitivity;
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, or simply conjunctivitis;
white rashes on the oral mucosa, in the area of the molars (Belsky-Filatov-Koplik spots);
measles rash or exanthema - the most obvious sign of measles, appears 3-4 days after the first symptoms of the disease in the form of red, connected rashes throughout the body.

The first symptoms of the disease are very similar common cold, with the exception of inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and rashes on the body. Therefore, parents who have not vaccinated their child against measles should definitely examine the mucous membrane of the mouth - on the inner surface of the cheeks (there should be no white rashes behind the molars). It is important to make sure that the child’s eyes are not watery or red.

It is very important at what age to vaccinate - when vaccination is done on schedule, it reduces the risk of consequences.

The severity of the disease depends largely on treatment, care, and general condition health of a sick child. Children under 5 years of age or with impaired immune function are in the area high risk and can easily get sick. Older people and children do not get sick as often, but they suffer more severely. Measles poses a greater danger to persons 20 years of age and older who do not have immunity against this disease. For adults, the disease often promises unpleasant complications and is much more severe due to specific features virus. The list of possible complications includes: acute inflammation of the middle ear, loss of vision, laryngitis, hepatitis, encephalitis. In more than 80% of cases, mortality from measles occurs due to the development of severe pneumonia.

Prevention and vaccination

The only currently approved method of preventing measles is immunization - that is, developing immunity through vaccination. Measles vaccination is included in the national vaccination schedule for both World Organization healthcare, and for Russia. Vaccination is carried out with a combined vaccine that forms immunity against so-called childhood diseases: measles, rubella and mumps, sometimes chickenpox. The vaccine is live, that is, it contains a weakened virus. In accordance with the vaccination calendar, measles vaccination is given at the age of 1 year and subsequently at the age of 6 years, but if necessary, it is permissible to postpone the vaccination period.

Before the vaccine is given, it is necessary to decide on the drug. By default, clinics in the Russian Federation use the domestic associated vaccine L-16, against measles, mumps and rubella. It has proven itself well during use, but imported vaccines MMP-II, Priorix, Ruvax are considered much more easily tolerated by the child’s body. Regardless of the choice of vaccine, the measles vaccine is given intramuscularly into the inner thigh. It is important to ensure that storage and preparation for injection are carried out correctly: the drug should be stored dry, separate from the injection solution. Storage temperature not higher than - 20 °C, out of influence sun rays. If the measles vaccine is kept at a temperature of more than 20 °C, the drug will lose half of its effectiveness within an hour.

Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella is given twice: the first - at the age of one year, revaccination - at the age of 6 years. The repeated procedure is necessary because not all children develop lasting immunity after the first vaccination. More than 15% of babies remain at risk until revaccination. The timing of the vaccination is determined by the National Vaccination Calendar - this is an instruction that describes in detail the time and sequence of all vaccination procedures necessary for children. In case of temporary illness or weakened immunity of the child, it is necessary to postpone vaccination at least a month in advance (with entry into the vaccination card). You can reschedule the procedure as many times as you like. Efficiency will not suffer from this.

Contraindications and complications

Measles - dangerous disease, but vaccination often has unpleasant consequences. Despite the fact that the measles vaccine is far from the most difficult to tolerate vaccination procedure, it has unpleasant consequences. First of all, this is a rise in body temperature from insignificant to almost 40 °C. In particularly acute reactions, it is accompanied by convulsions. When the measles vaccine goes through without complications, the fever subsides within a few days. About 5% of vaccinated children develop red measles rashes all over the body, much less obvious than with the disease, but similar in appearance and distribution. The rash may appear from the first to the fourteenth day after vaccination and lasts for several days.

After vaccination or during an illness with measles, the body experiences an acute deficiency of vitamin A. Be sure to replenish it proper nutrition or injections.

A rare and dangerous case is an allergic reaction to such a common vaccine as the measles vaccine. It can manifest itself in three components of the domestic vaccine: chicken protein, neomycin or gelatin. If a child is allergic to any of these substances, the vaccine cannot be given. You should either try to choose a vaccine without the unwanted component, or refuse the vaccine completely. Otherwise, when intramuscular injection, the allergic reaction can be very severe, up to anaphylactic shock. You should definitely consult a doctor before the injection and study the child’s medical record.

In addition to the obvious but rare reactions, some time ago there were rumors about the negative impact of measles and mumps vaccinations on the central nervous system. It was stated (usually by people ignorant of medicine) about the possibility of a child developing autism, encephalitis, as well as many other pathologies due to vaccination. nervous system and even intestinal dysfunction. However, ongoing studies, including the most modern ones, have shown complete absence associated with such complications. Imported or domestic vaccines in circulation are completely safe.

An important condition for any vaccination is the absence of contraindications. The measles-mumps-rubella vaccine also has contraindications. The instructions strictly prohibit measles vaccinations if:

the child has a weakened immune system (disease) diabetes mellitus, HIV and AIDS, severe chronic diseases, transplantation internal organs who have undergone chemotherapy or radiotherapy, a period of rehabilitation after a serious illness);
the child is suffering from ARVI;
an acute allergic reaction was observed after the last vaccination or there is evidence of an allergy in the medical record.

Should you get vaccinated?

For any parent, the priority is how to protect their children from dangerous viral diseases like measles. All modern vaccines, when carried out correctly, do not pose any danger to children, but the mortality rate from the disease itself is about 3%! If for some reason it is impossible to inject any drug against measles, you can deliberately infect the child with measles from peers in order to form natural immunity. When parents decide to take such a step, the procedure should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor and ensure that the child proper care and treatment, injecting immunoglobin and vitamin A. All this will reduce the risks of the disease to zero and make it possible to worry much less about measles in the future! However, such procedures cannot be performed on children over 7–8 years old - this can be fraught with complications.

No matter how many opinions you may hear about vaccinations, remember that the consequences of the disease become more dangerous as the child ages. Therefore, vaccination against measles must be carried out on time, because it lasts a lifetime. Be sure to consult your doctor if for some reason your child cannot receive standard measles vaccination. Health to your children!

Many infections are much more dangerous for adults than for children. One such disease is measles, which kills 165,000 people worldwide every year. In recent years, the incidence of measles in adults in Russia has become more frequent due to a decrease in immunity against this disease. People born after 1956 have lost their immunity, which was acquired as a result of vaccination at 1 year of age or after an illness. Measles vaccinations were mandatory for children in Russia in 1980. In 2014, Russia introduced routine measles vaccination for all adults. Vaccinations are carried out with the LCV vaccine (live measles culture vaccine).

At what age can adults be vaccinated against measles? Should I get this vaccine or not? - let's look at these questions.

What kind of disease is measles? Measles is considered a childhood infection, but adults can also get it. The causative agent of the disease is an RNA virus from the Morbillivirus family. Infection occurs from another patient. The virus is transmitted through contact by sneezing, coughing, or runny nose. The incubation period is 1–2 weeks. The disease becomes contagious already in the last 2 days of the incubation period, when there are not even signs of the disease. The disease begins with general symptoms:

runny nose, cough, sore throat;
temperature rise to 39–40 °C;
conjunctivitis, accompanied by photophobia and lacrimation;
swelling of the cheeks and face;
spots localized on the mucous membrane of the cheeks near the molars and on the gums appear on the 3rd day;
rash all over the body.

Filatov-Kolsky spots on the oral mucosa are an important sign for diagnosis. Skin rashes differ in the order of appearance and disappearance. It appears on the 3rd day from the day the temperature rises, first on the face, neck, chest, then moves to the torso and limbs. The rashes last for 3 days and begin to fade and disappear in the same order in which they appeared. There is no specific treatment for measles.

How dangerous is measles for adults? Measles in adults significantly reduces immunity. The disease is much more severe than in children. The following complications often occur:

pneumonia caused by measles virus or bacterial infection;
bronchitis;
otitis;
hepatitis;
sinusitis;
eye damage in the form of keratitis leads to loss of vision in 20% of cases;
pyelonephritis;
eustachitis occurs in severe form and may lead to hearing loss or hearing loss;
meningitis;
meningoencephalitis.

Dangerous complications of measles in adults:

Meningoencephalitis is a virus affecting the human nervous system. The complication occurs in 0.6% of cases. After the temperature drops at the end of the rash, the temperature suddenly rises sharply again, consciousness becomes confused, and convulsions appear. There is no specific treatment. Measles encephalitis is the cause of death in 25% of cases. The only thing effective remedy protect yourself from dangerous infection- vaccination of children and adults against measles.

When to vaccinate?

Within national program Routine measles vaccination for adults is regulated by a schedule. There is a specific vaccination schedule throughout the country that determines when and how many times adults should be vaccinated against measles. Free vaccination is provided to people under 35 years of age who have not been sick before and have not been vaccinated or who do not have information about their vaccinations. Those persons who have had contact with measles patients, regardless of age, are vaccinated without payment, if they have not been vaccinated before and have not had this disease. For other persons, paid vaccination is carried out.

Adults receive 2 vaccinations with a 3-month interval between them. If an adult has been vaccinated against measles once, then he is vaccinated from the very beginning, according to a 2-fold schedule.

There is no revaccination against measles in adults. Immunity after a double vaccination lasts for at least 12 years or more.

Where do adults get the measles vaccine? It is done in the upper third of the shoulder subcutaneously or intramuscularly. It is not recommended to vaccinate in the gluteal region due to the abundant subcutaneous fat layer. The vaccine is not given into the skin, where a lump may form. In both cases, vaccination rules are violated. Intravenous administration of the vaccine is contraindicated.

According to WHO, in 2013 the epidemiological situation with measles worsened in 36 EU countries, where 26,000 cases of infection were recorded. Most cases of the disease are observed in Germany, Turkey, and Italy. Currently, fatal measles infections have been reported in Georgia and Ukraine. In Russia, cases of imported measles infection from countries visited by Russian tourists have become more frequent: China, Singapore, Italy, Thailand, Turkey.

When planning a trip abroad, find out when adults are vaccinated against measles. Vaccination against measles is done according to the planned calendar, but you can get an emergency vaccination at any time a month before your intended departure.

What vaccines are used?

“Live cultural measles vaccine” is produced in Russia and registered in 2007. The virus for it is grown in cell culture of Japanese quail eggs.
MMR II, manufactured by Merck Sharp&Dohme (Holland). Live vaccine, measles, mumps, rubella.
"Priorix" produced in Belgium by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. Live measles, mumps, rubella vaccine.

Which vaccine to choose - domestic or imported? The Priorix and MMR II vaccines are complex; they produce immunity against 3 diseases at once: measles, rubella, and mumps. Priorix can be used for vaccination not only against three infections simultaneously, but also separately for each disease.

The Russian vaccine produces antibodies only against measles.

All drugs have typed viruses and form stable immunity. Complex vaccines are interchangeable. Vaccination can be done with one vaccine, and revaccination with another.

According to the National Vaccination Calendar, the Russian vaccine is supplied to clinics. Imported vaccines are purchased at your own expense.

The virus for the live measles culture vaccine is grown in cell culture of Japanese quail eggs.

Live measles cultural vaccine is given in a dosage of 0.5 milliliters twice with an interval of 3 months. Immunity is provided for a period of about 20 years.

The MMR II and Priorix vaccines in adults are given a single dose of 0.5 ml at any age and repeated every 10 years.

Indications for vaccination for adults. The vaccine is given:

for routine vaccination of all adults against rubella, measles and mumps at the same time;
For emergency prevention when planning travel;
emergency prevention is done in case of contact with a person with measles; the vaccine in such cases is administered within 3 days after contact.

Vaccination when planning a trip abroad should be carried out 1 month before the planned trip.

Vaccination contraindications for adults. Measles vaccination for adults has contraindications. Temporary contraindications are respiratory infection or exacerbation of existing diseases. In this case, the vaccination is delayed for a month.

Absolute contraindications:

allergic reaction to chicken and quail eggs;
allergy to antibiotics;
allergic reaction to a previous vaccination;
pregnancy and lactation period.

What reactions can there be to the vaccine?

Typically, adults have a mild reaction to the measles vaccine:

redness at the injection site;
elevated temperature no more than 37.5 °C;
runny nose, cough;
joint pain.

The measles vaccine sometimes causes dangerous side effects in adults:

allergic shock;
hives;
possibly the appearance of allergic Quincke's edema.

After vaccination against measles, adults rarely experience severe consequences:

encephalitis;
myocarditis;
meningitis;
myocarditis;
pneumonia.

To avoid a severe reaction to a vaccine, adults must be healthy on the day of vaccination. Before vaccination, you should consult your doctor and inform him of any allergies to antibiotics or chicken protein and not eat unfamiliar foods.

Due to the deterioration of the epidemiological situation in Russia and in all countries of the world, there is an urgent need to routinely vaccinate all adults against measles. Vaccinations are carried out according to the schedule of the National calendar with Russian and imported vaccines. All vaccinations are safe, interchangeable and effective. In order to minimize the occurrence of complications, you need to prepare for vaccination.

skoraya-03.com

Measles vaccination for adults: vaccination schedule, types of vaccines

According to statistics, half of the registered measles cases occur in adults. This is due to the fact that with age, immunity from the disease is lost. Today, the issue of vaccinating adults against measles is extremely relevant, since several outbreaks of this infection have been registered in Russian regions since 2014.

Measles affects unvaccinated people of any age group. If previously this disease was known mainly as a childhood disease, last years it began to “grow up.” There are especially many sick adults in border areas, where the disease is brought from other countries.

Are adults vaccinated against measles? Since immunity to this virus weakens with age, our country provides for routine vaccination of all people under 35 years of age who did not have measles in childhood and do not have vaccination records.

This vaccination is especially relevant for those who were not vaccinated in childhood and did not suffer from this disease.

At risk of infection are people working in clinics, universities, schools and other institutions whose work involves contact with a large number of children and adolescents. As part of routine vaccination or if contact with a sick person is suspected, vaccination is given free of charge. People over 35 years old pay for the service.

Where can an adult get a measles vaccination? Vaccination is carried out in a clinic or private medical facility.

How do you know if you need to get a measles vaccine? If you do not have documents about the vaccination and are unsure about the advisability of it, you can donate blood to check for antibodies to the virus. If there is a sufficient titer of protective cells in the blood, there is no need for vaccination. However, even if the vaccination is done unnecessarily, it is not dangerous and has no health consequences. Existing protective bodies will destroy the administered vaccine.

Which measles vaccine is best for adults?

When vaccinating adults, mono- and combined vaccines can be used.

Read more about the types of measles vaccines.

For adults, it is better to use the live measles vaccine (LMV). If the budget does not include extra money for a vaccine, then a monovaccine would be a good choice Russian production.

Measles vaccination schedule for adults

For the purpose of prevention, vaccination of adults has the following scheme:

Vaccination against measles includes two stages.
The second vaccination is given 3 months after the first.
Revaccination is carried out 10 years after checking the titer of antibodies to measles. If there is no immunity to the disease, then the vaccination must be repeated.

Important! People under 25 years of age who have been in contact with a sick person need to be vaccinated no later than three days after contact. The likelihood of the disease is high in those who have not had measles and have not been vaccinated or have been vaccinated once.

Measles vaccination: what adults need to remember

Any vaccinations are given during the period of remission of diseases.
It is advisable to vaccinate while taking antihistamines.
For people with allergies, vaccination must be carried out under the supervision of a doctor in a medical institution where it is possible to provide all the necessary emergency measures.

Almost all contraindications to vaccination are temporary and after they are eliminated, you can be vaccinated. The absolute medical outlets are:

allergic reactions;
AIDS;
oncological diseases.

If you're unsure whether an adult should get the measles vaccine, here are some facts about the disease:

For an unvaccinated person, the probability of infection reaches almost 100%.
In adults, the disease is more severe than in children: there is sleep disturbance, vomiting, a profuse rash, and all lymph nodes become enlarged.
The duration of the disease in an adult is longer than in a child.
Measles encephalitis develops in adults 5–10 times more often than in children.
Complications after vaccination are rare.

Today there is a widespread belief that vaccinations are needed only in childhood. This is not true: the need for vaccination does not end at age 18. Experience shows that some vaccines, including measles, do not provide a person with immunity for life and need to be repeated.

Lyubov Maslikhova, general practitioner, especially for Mirmam.pro

mirmam.pro

Who needs to be vaccinated against measles and why?

This year surprised epidemiologists in St. Petersburg - they have not seen so many patients with measles for a long time. But there could have been more, doctors are sure, if not for vaccinations. And they urge everyone who has not had them to take care of vaccination now.

This year, as the chief sanitary doctor of Russia Gennady Onishchenko has already reported, the incidence of measles in Russia has increased by 22.4 times compared to the same period last year. Cases of measles are registered in 50 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

But measles, epidemiologists say, is “imported” in our country - people who have visited an area where measles is endemic bring it to St. Petersburg and, without meaning to, infect others.

Last year and the year before, measles was brought to St. Petersburg mainly from abroad. During this time, only 8 cases of measles were registered, 6 of which were brought from Europe (France, Germany, Greece).

That changed earlier this year when a young man visiting relatives in the South contracted measles and brought it back here. Here, due to non-compliance with the conditions of his placement in the hospital, measles spread far beyond its borders.

As of mid-June, 136 cases of measles were registered in St. Petersburg, including 89 in children, of which 84 were not vaccinated due to medical withdrawals and refusals.

Epidemiologists never tire of repeating that there could have been more cases of measles among children and adults if widespread immunization of the population had not been carried out. And for the fact that the situation in our city was not catastrophic, we must say thanks to the good immunological protection of the population of St. Petersburg, which makes up more than 95% of the city’s permanent resident population.

Thanks to the St. Petersburg regional measles elimination program, which began 9 years ago, the measles incidence rate in the city has dropped to 1 case per million population per year. By WHO standards, this means that St. Petersburg has defeated measles.

Who should be vaccinated against measles and when?

In accordance with the national calendar of preventive vaccinations in Russia, children are vaccinated against measles twice: at the age of 12 months (vaccination) and at the age of 6 years (revaccination).

People between 15 and 35 years of age who do not remember whether they have had measles, whether they have been vaccinated against it, who have only been vaccinated once, or who are at high risk of getting measles should definitely get vaccinated. Even if you have already been vaccinated once, it is better to repeat it - doctors say that then the effectiveness of vaccination is many times higher. The vaccination is done at intervals of three months.

If you are traveling abroad and do not know whether you have had measles and whether you have been vaccinated, it is also worth getting vaccinated to prevent the disease.

For adults over 35 years of age who have not been vaccinated with the live measles vaccine (LMV), vaccinated once, with an unknown vaccination history, who have not had measles, as well as adults under 57 years of age from high-risk groups of infection in St. Petersburg over the past 8 years, an additional free vaccination against measles.

doctorpiter.ru

Vaccination against measles

Each of us knows that it is much easier to prevent a disease than to treat it later. The same can be said about measles. Universal vaccination has reduced the number of cases of this disease by 90%. Which once again proves the effectiveness of vaccination.

Danger of measles

Measles is a dangerous viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets, which to a greater extent unvaccinated children are susceptible. Among adults and adolescents, this disease is diagnosed much less frequently.

The source of infection is usually a sick person. The incubation period for measles is 7-17 days. In a normal environment, the virus dies quickly enough, so to protect others it is enough to simply ventilate the room in which the patient was.

Measles can lead to the following complications:

pneumonia;
encephalitis – inflammation of the brain;
thrombocytopenia is a significant decrease in the number of platelets in a person’s blood. In case of illness, their number decreases to 150*109/l or less, with the norm being 180-320*109/l;
ear infections.

To date, measles vaccination is the only in an effective way preventing infection with a dangerous virus. Since small children who come into contact with other children are most susceptible to it, measles vaccination has been included in the mandatory vaccination schedule.

women of childbearing age;
medical and educational institutions where there is a risk of infection;
for those planning to visit countries where measles cases have been reported.

If a person has been in contact with a person with measles, he is recommended to undergo unscheduled vaccination within 3-7 days from the date of contact.

Find out Dr. Komarovsky's opinion regarding measles vaccination in the video:

Contraindications

Despite the importance of vaccination, measles vaccinations are contraindicated in the following cases:

allergic reactions to other vaccines and medical supplies;
the presence of HIV infection in the human body;
cancer;
woman's pregnancy;
tuberculosis disease;
taking blood products;
during acute period any disease;
if there are violations in immune system, which is observed after organ transplantation;
if there is an insufficient number of platelets in the patient’s blood.

Vaccination for children

The vaccination schedule depends on whether it is a planned vaccination or an emergency one.

Scheduled vaccination according to the vaccination calendar is carried out for the first time every 1-1.5 years of age. The second vaccination is given at 6 years of age. The minimum permissible interval between vaccinations cannot be less than 4 years. Modern vaccines work well together. Therefore, the measles vaccine is often given along with the rubella and mumps vaccinations.

But there are situations when a deviation from the vaccination schedule is required:

When a case of measles is diagnosed, the vaccine is given to everyone who was in direct contact with the patient. This category includes everyone aged 1 to 40 years who has not had this disease and has not received vaccinations according to the calendar.
If a woman gives birth to a child whose body does not have antibodies to the disease, it is recommended to vaccinate him at the age of 8 months. This will make it possible to reduce the likelihood of infection of the baby. He will be vaccinated a second time at the age of 15 months and beyond according to the calendar.
At the age of six months, children who live in regions with a difficult epidemiological situation are vaccinated against measles.

The vaccine should be administered under the skin in the forearm area (for children) or under the shoulder blade (for adults).

Those who have already had measles do not need to be vaccinated, since after recovery a person develops stable, lifelong immunity and is no longer afraid of the virus.

Side effects

To vaccinate children against measles, a live vaccine with a weakened virus is used. Therefore, approximately 10% of vaccinated children may develop vaccine measles, a mild form of the disease. Its symptoms include fever and slight skin rash, which are completely harmless to others and are easier to tolerate than ordinary measles.

In extremely rare cases, vaccinated children are diagnosed with measles. However, this percentage is too small and is comparable to the number of cases in which a child was infected with the virus twice.

Simply put, without vaccination, the risk of the disease is 100%, while a person who has been vaccinated or has already had measles can only get sick in 0.5% of cases. Wherein reinfection and infection of vaccinated children always occurs in mild form.

Features of adult vaccination

Despite the fact that measles has always been considered a childhood disease, adults can also encounter it. In addition, in adulthood, the disease is much more difficult to tolerate and can cause complications. People whose bodies lack vitamin A are primarily susceptible to the disease. Therefore, all adults who do not monitor their diet are at risk.

In order not to expose yourself to danger, it is recommended that all adults who have not had this infection and were not vaccinated in childhood be vaccinated against measles. This especially applies to those who come into contact with a large number of people and have weakened immune systems.

The administration of the drug is tolerated quite easily by adults, and the vaccination itself can protect against the disease for 19 years.

Vaccination and pregnancy

Any virus is very dangerous for pregnant women and the developing fetus. In case of illness on early stages pregnancy, women experience miscarriage. If the pregnancy was maintained, then almost half of the children begin to develop various pathologies. Modern polyvalent vaccines contain a minimal amount of virus and are therefore considered gentle on the fetus. If a woman does get measles during pregnancy, she is given an injection of immunoglobulin.

Possible consequences

Often, the measles vaccine does not cause adverse reactions. In isolated cases, body temperature may rise and skin rashes may appear. All adverse reactions go away on their own within a few days.

Children with allergies are susceptible to urticaria, angioedema, or even anaphylactic shock after administration of the drug. An increase in temperature in such children can lead to seizures. To prevent such reactions, pediatricians recommend giving the child paracetamol on the 5th day after the vaccine is administered.

In extremely rare cases, when the vaccine is initially administered to children who have not previously had measles, encephalitis and thrombocytopenia may develop.

Measles vaccines

There are monovaccines and polyvaccines, which contain components that protect not only against the measles virus. The monovaccine is usually used to vaccinate adults.

Children are recommended to be vaccinated with a divaccine (measles and mumps) or a trivaccine (measles-rubella-mumps) "Priorix". In terms of tolerability, they are all identical and are capable of protecting a person from infections for a long period.

Experts' opinion about measles and vaccination against this disease in the video:

Is it possible to get sick after vaccination?

There is a chance of contracting the measles virus after vaccination, but it is minimal. Most often, people who get measles get only one instead of two recommended vaccinations. After all, it is after revaccination that stable immunity is formed in the human body.

There is also a possibility of infection for a person who was vaccinated more than 10 years ago and was not revaccinated. This is due to the fact that over time (usually 10-20 years) the protection decreases, which can cause the virus to develop in the human body.

Dog vomits after rabies vaccination

Measles is an acute viral disease, the contagiousness index of which is close to 100%. Before the vaccine was developed, the disease claimed the lives of more than 2.5 million people. In the mid-twentieth century, the American virologist J. Enders and his colleagues developed a vaccine. The introduction of mandatory vaccinations into the plan has significantly reduced the number of cases and deaths.

According to the standards, no special preparation for injection is required. However, vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps should be postponed if the child had colds 2 weeks before and during the proposed vaccination procedure.

The risk of developing immediate allergic reactions to vaccination cannot be ruled out, so children predisposed to allergies are recommended to start taking antihistamines 3 days in advance. In case of known chronic pathologies, it is necessary to undergo a course of therapy 2 weeks in advance to prevent the development of exacerbations.

To reduce the risk of fever, an antipyretic suppository may be recommended an hour after vaccination.

Where do you get the measles vaccine?

The injection is administered in 2 ways: subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The injection is given in the following areas:

outer side of the shoulder;
hip;
under the shoulder blade.

The measles vaccine is given to children at 1 year of age in the shoulder or hip area, and from 6 years of age - under the shoulder blade or shoulder. When choosing a place for an injection, the degree of development of muscle tissue is taken into account, with insufficient development of which preference is given to the thigh area.

Important: when administering the injection, the vaccine solution should not come into contact with the surface of the skin.

This will provoke the formation of a compaction, and the vaccine will not enter the bloodstream. The manipulation will be pointless and revaccination will be necessary.

It should be noted that the injection is not given in the buttock area due to the thickened fat layer (the development of an abscess is possible).

When is the measles vaccine given?

Initially, the child is given an injection at 12 months, when the antibodies received from the mother become inactive, then revaccination is repeated at 6 years, then between 15 and 17 years, and the last one at 30 years.

If the mother does not have strong immunity, the first vaccination should be given to the child at 9 months, then in the period from 15 to 18 months, then similar to the previous schedule.

If the injection was not carried out at 1 year of age, then it is necessary to get vaccinated after this fact is established in the near future. Next, vaccination is carried out according to the standard schedule.

In a situation where primary vaccination of an adult patient is necessary, the drug is administered twice with an interval of 1 month to six months.

The standard measles vaccination schedule for adults is limited to age 35. Such a restriction is introduced exclusively with the cessation of government funding for patients over this age. Exception: adult patients who were not vaccinated in childhood and were in contact with a carrier of the virus.

Types of measles-mumps-rubella vaccines

3 main types of vaccinations have been developed:

monovaccine against measles, the disadvantage is the need for multiple injections, since mixing individual drugs against three infections in one injection is strictly prohibited;
two-component measles-mumps or measles-rubella, mandatory additional administration of the third missing vaccination is necessary;
The measles, mumps and rubella polyvaccine is the preferred option as it requires 1 shot.

It has been established that mono- and polyvaccines are equally effective and safe. The choice of type is made individually for each patient, taking into account age, previous diseases and the presence of contraindications (individual intolerance).

Choice between producing countries

On the territory of the Russian Federation, a drug is produced for two infections - rubella and mumps, but the injection for measles has to be carried out separately. The advantages of the Russian vaccine are availability and low cost.

Imported drugs for vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps are not always available to public hospitals, so patients often have to purchase it themselves. It has been established that the frequency of adverse reactions to injection is identical to Russian vaccines. Types of foreign vaccines:

Measles Mumps-Rubella ® (USA)– a three-component drug that is most often used in Russia. According to statistics, after the injection there is a persistent production of antibodies to measles - in 98%, to mumps - in more than 95%, and to rubella - in 100% of vaccinated people. An important limitation for use: the presence of individual intolerance to neomycin ®, as well as at the stage of relapse chronic pathologies and during pregnancy;
Priorix ® (Belgium)– a drug characterized by total purification of antibodies from foreign impurities. Contraindications are similar to the previous vaccine.

It should be noted that both types of vaccines are interchangeable. In other words, if at the first injection a domestic drug was injected, then revaccination against measles, rubella and mumps at the age of 6 years is allowed, for example, with Priorix ®.

Can a vaccinated child get measles?

If the necessary standards and timing of vaccination are observed, the child develops a strong immunity to the virus. It is important to monitor the condition of the vaccinated person for 2 weeks after the injection. A mild reaction to the injection of the drug should occur.

The complete absence of an immune response to the introduction of a weakened pathogen indicates that immunity will not be formed and the child can get measles.

The body's reaction to the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine

The drug contains live viruses, the virulence (ability to cause disease) of which is minimized. However, after the injection, a person may experience symptoms clinical picture measles:

temperature rise to 37-38°C. It is allowed to bring down the temperature with antipyretic drugs;
formation of a small compaction at the injection site;

Photo of the seal at the injection site

pain on palpation of the injection site;
extremely rarely (2% of cases) reddish rashes are observed throughout the body or in the face, neck and behind the ears. Does not require drug treatment, goes away on its own;

Photo of rash after measles vaccination

cough and nasal congestion;
short-term enlargement of the parotid and submandibular lymph nodes;
general state of weakness and drowsiness.

The first onset of symptoms occurs between 5 and 15 days after vaccination.

Important: the symptoms caused by the vaccine are mild and are a normal response of the body.

Complications after vaccination

List of possible complications after injection:

manifestation of an immediate and delayed allergic reaction in the form of red rashes, anaphylaxis and exacerbation of individual intolerance to other substances. The vaccine contains antibiotics and chicken proteins, therefore, in order to prevent the risk of developing this group of complications, you should take antihistamines before injection;
convulsive conditions against the background of fever;
development of diseases from the group of encephalitis (1 case per 1 million vaccinated patients);
community-acquired form of pneumonia as a consequence of the penetration of infectious agents from the upper respiratory tract into the lower sections;
change in the quantitative composition of blood cells: a decrease in the level of platelets and leukocytes is a harmless condition that resolves on its own;
pain in the abdominal area, which may be a sign of exacerbation of chronic pathologies;
development of glomerular nephritis;
manifestation of symptoms of myocarditis;
reaction of infectious-toxic shock upon administration of an insufficiently purified drug with an admixture of bacteria of the Staphylococcaceae family.

Side effects of the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine

Adverse symptoms in response to injection include symptoms that are not characteristic of the classic clinical picture of measles:

pain in the joints, which is characterized by a certain correlation between age and frequency of manifestation: the older the patient, the more pronounced the likelihood of manifestation. According to statistics, joint pain is observed in 25% of vaccinated people over 25 years of age. It should be noted that the manifestation of this characteristic does not lead to a limitation of a person’s ability to work. Maximum duration from 1 day to 3 weeks;
increase lymph nodes, catarrhal symptoms;
temperature increase.

Important: moderate manifestation of adverse reactions of the body is the immune response to the arrival of a weakened infectious agent and is considered normal.

As a rule, it resolves on its own and does not require a course of therapy.

Contraindications to immunization against measles

The list of conditions in which injections should be postponed to a later time:

flow acute infection or relapse of chronic pathologies;
pregnancy. The mother is allowed to receive the vaccine immediately after the birth of the child;
lactation period;
pulmonary tuberculosis;
taking immunoglobulins or hemostatic drugs. The minimum interval after cancellation and vaccination is 1 month.

Vaccination is strictly prohibited at any time if:

individual intolerance to antibiotics from the aminoglycoside group;
oncological diseases;
severe reactions to previous injections;
a reliably established manifestation of severe allergic reactions to egg white (manifestation of anaphylaxis and angioedema).

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Measles has been known to man for thousands of years. But this disease is still collecting its harvest of victims - about 160,000 people die from it every year. So far, the most effective preventative measure and the most reliable protection is the measles vaccine.

Measles is an acute viral disease caused by an RNA virus of the Morbillivirus family. It is quite sensitive to environmental conditions - it quickly dies from exposure high temperature, sunlight, disinfectants. Outside human body The measles virus is not viable.

The route of transmission of the disease is predominantly airborne. The entry point for the virus to enter is the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Subsequently, it disperses throughout all organs and tissues, accumulating in the lymph nodes and cells of the body.

During the period of measles infection and for several months after recovery, a decrease in immunity occurs. At this time it is necessary to show Special attention to your health: outbreaks of existing chronic diseases are possible.

Measles is characterized by:

cyclical course of the disease;
fever;
intoxication of the body;
inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and eyes;
characteristic rashes on the body.

The disease occurs in several periods:

Incubation (hidden). Its duration ranges from 8 to 17 days, sometimes it can reach 21 days.
Catarrhal (initial) – lasts 3-4 days. It is characterized by: fever, general weakness, nasal discharge, cough. Photophobia and swelling of the eyelids may occur.
The rash period lasts 3-4 days. The rash appears in order, affecting the face, neck, upper chest, trunk and limbs. The merging of individual rashes gives the face a puffy appearance and changes it appearance. The appearance of the rash is accompanied by a fever and deterioration of the general condition.
The pigmentation period lasts 7-14 days. This period is characterized by stabilization of well-being. The gradual disappearance of pigmentation begins in the same order as it appeared. It ends with a slight peeling, reminiscent of bran.

The course of the disease can be mild, moderate or severe form. Great importance has a pronounced immune defense of the body of a sick person. Measles has no specific treatment. At lung diseases and average form, it is enough to comply with bed rest and body hygiene. Isolation of the patient can be stopped 5 days after the appearance of the rash.

In severe cases or if complications occur, hospitalization is necessary. Treatment of small children under 1 year of age is carried out in a hospital setting, under constant monitoring doctor

Susceptibility to this disease is very high. Lack of vaccination when encountering a virus makes a person vulnerable, and the probability of infection is almost 100%. Adults suffer from measles much more severely than children. Therefore, childhood vaccination at the appropriate time is very important.

Routes of infection

You can only get measles from a sick person, even if he has no visual signs in the form of a rash. In the first few days after its appearance, it also poses a threat of infection. In the future, this danger is minimized.

There are the following ways of contracting measles:

Airborne. The most common route of transmission of the disease. Infection can be caused by coughing, sneezing, or even just talking in close proximity to someone who has the virus. Closed, unventilated areas, public transport and other restricted areas are the most dangerous places for infection.
Domestic. In direct contact and communication with family members, work colleagues, classmates. The simultaneous use of common household items (dishes, hygiene items) is strictly prohibited.
Vertical. There are rare cases of transmission of the disease to the fetus during pregnancy.

Attention! Not only close contact with a patient is dangerous for a person, but also being in nearby rooms. The virus of this disease is able to travel in air currents at sufficient distances from the source.

Therefore, anyone who gets in his way is at risk of getting sick. People who have not had this disease before and have not been vaccinated against it are in particular danger. The threat to them remains throughout their lives if they have not been vaccinated against measles.

Timing of measles vaccination

Vaccination is the most reliable way to prevent measles. Made in early age, it protects a person from this disease in subsequent years. A child's body tolerates it much more easily than an adult's body.

The first vaccination is given to a child when he reaches 12-15 months. In most cases, it is combined with others: against mumps and rubella. The second vaccination is given at the age of 6 years. It is needed to strengthen the emerging immunity to this disease.

When a patient appears, all family members under the age of 40 are vaccinated, except for children under 1 year of age.
If the mother does not have antibodies to the virus, the child is vaccinated against measles before 8 months of age. His further vaccination is standard (at 15 months and at 6 years).

Which children should not be vaccinated?

There are cases when vaccination against measles is excluded. These include:

Allergy to neomycin and chicken egg whites.
The presence of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency (except for HIV not in severe form).
Exacerbations of diseases: chronic, infectious and others. The question of vaccination is decided by the doctor - it can be postponed for 1-3 months until cure.
Administration of immunoglobulins and blood products at the time of proposed vaccination. In this case, vaccination should be carried out no earlier than 3 months after taking such drugs.

Before vaccination, the child must be examined by a local pediatrician, and, if necessary, by other specialists.

Review of pharmacy measles vaccines

All types of vaccines contain killed strains of measles viruses. Egg and quail whites are used as a nutrient medium for growth. Currently used:

monovaccines (dry measles, Ruvax);
combined (MMP, Priorix, mumps and measles vaccine).

Combined vaccines have a complex effect. They provide immunity against three diseases simultaneously - measles, rubella and mumps. This allows a single injection to be given for vaccination. But it is more difficult to tolerate and more often causes complications.

The disadvantage of imported vaccines is the presence of chicken protein in their composition, to which acute allergic reactions can occur.

It can be successfully replaced with a domestically produced vaccine, created on the basis of Japanese quail proteins. This component practically does not cause allergies. A disadvantage can be considered that it belongs to mono-vaccines - the need for separate vaccinations against rubella and mumps.

Indications for vaccine administration

In addition to scheduled preventive vaccinations, there are circumstances when unscheduled vaccination is required.

If there is contact between an unvaccinated person and a person with measles, then, regardless of age (starting from 3 months), an urgent vaccination is given to prevent the disease. It gives the body only passive immunization, so in the future everything mandatory vaccinations must be carried out in full.

Women planning pregnancy should pay special attention. It is necessary to determine the presence of antibodies to the measles virus in the body. If they are not, then it is recommended to get a second vaccination before pregnancy, this will reduce further risks for the mother and the unborn child.

Contraindications

There are contraindications under which measles vaccination cannot be given:

pregnancy or lactation period;
severe form of AIDS;
the presence of malignant tumors;
blood transfusion (vaccination is postponed for 3 months);
allergy to vaccine components;
severe complications after a previous vaccination.

Contraindications for vaccination are important to know and take into account when carrying out vaccination. The final decision should be made in conjunction with the attending physician.

Vaccination in adults: indications for revaccination

Revaccination is reintroduction into the body of a weakened strain of the measles virus. It allows you to maintain the immunity already existing after the first vaccination for further fight against infections.

Revaccination of measles for the adult population is done in accordance with the vaccination schedule currently in force in Russia. Persons under 35 years of age who have not had measles vaccinations or do not have information about this are given the vaccine free of charge. Older people can get vaccinated if they wish by purchasing it themselves.

There are urgent options for administering the vaccine. It is carried out if:

a trip abroad is coming; is done as an urgent preventative measure.
if there was contact with a patient with measles; The vaccination is given to everyone who came into contact with him.

The vaccine is administered to adults twice with a 3-month interval between injections. A two-time vaccination gives a person immunity against measles for at least 12 years. There have been cases of preservation of the body's protective properties 25 years after vaccination.

To administer the vaccine, the following is usually used:

the outer part of the shoulder (closer to the upper third);
hip;
the area of the back directly under the shoulder blade.

It is important to take into account the patient's age, as well as the structure of muscle and fat tissue in his body.

For one-year-old children, the vaccine is given in the shoulder, sometimes the hip is used; six-year-old children are vaccinated in the scapula or shoulder. In rare cases (with underdeveloped muscles and large quantities adipose tissue) the vaccine is injected into the thigh.

It is very important to determine the right place and follow the mechanism for correctly administering the injection. If these rules are violated, vaccination may be less effective or even useless.

Possible complications

Statistics show that in most cases, medical intervention is not required after measles vaccination. Often the responses are minor and do not cause danger.

The body independently copes with typical reactions to the vaccine, such as:

skin rashes;
slight rise in temperature;
painful sensations in the joints;
cough or runny nose;
discomfort at the injection site.

As a rule, these symptoms disappear on their own after a few days. In other cases, in the presence of increased allergic susceptibility, more serious complications are observed:

Heat. Convulsions may occur if its increase has reached critical values.
Allergy to the composition of the vaccine. It can manifest itself in the form of suffocation, Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock. Such manifestations are dangerous and fatal.
A decrease in platelets in the blood.
Diseases of the respiratory tract, usually pneumonia.

Often complications after vaccination are a consequence of other diseases already present in the body. Their manifestation is caused by weakening of the body during the administration of the vaccine.

Attention! Vaccination of persons with increased susceptibility to the measles virus should be carried out under the supervision of a physician.

Measles infection can also occur after vaccination. But it is important to note that the disease in this case is mild and has no complications.

It is already obvious that only properly administered vaccination can protect a person from such a terrible disease as measles. This is guaranteed by compliance with all standards for indications, contraindications and rules for administering the vaccine.

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Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps

Vaccination against measles is included in the national calendar, so all parents should learn about the features of this vaccination in order to better understand whether their child needs it.

Calculate your vaccination schedule

How dangerous is the disease?

Measles is considered very dangerous infectious disease with frequent deaths. Complications of this viral disease There are otitis media, pneumonia, and inflammation of the brain. They cause blindness mental retardation, damage to the hearing organ.

Pros

Vaccination protects against measles by 96-98%. Specific medicines There are no drugs that act on the measles virus, so the only effective protection against such a virus is vaccination. Immunity after it lasts for more than 25 years.

Cons

Vaccination can cause a severe allergic reaction if the baby is allergic to chicken egg whites. This applies to imported vaccines, since Russian ones contain quail egg proteins.
Clinics offer mainly Russian vaccines, and if parents want to vaccinate their baby with a foreign-made drug, they will have to buy it separately.

Adverse reactions and possible complications

To the symptoms of a normal reaction to measles vaccine include fever (it often does not exceed 39 degrees), runny nose, redness of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, cough, rash. Such symptoms may appear from the fifth to the fifteenth day after the vaccine is administered in 10-15% of children. Within 2 days after the injection, 10% of children may have a local reaction in the form of slight swelling, pain and hyperemia. None special treatment such reactions are not required and go away on their own.

TO possible complications after administration measles vaccine include:

Allergic reactions.
Febrile seizures.
Encephalitis, which occurs in 1 case out of a million vaccinated babies (mainly with immunodeficiency). It is worth noting that when infected with measles, the incidence of encephalitis is 1 case out of 1000 cases.

How to prevent complications?

Important to consider possible contraindications to administer the measles vaccine:

Vaccination is not carried out within 3 months after blood transfusion.
Vaccination cannot be performed in case of acute illness, immunodeficiency, active tuberculosis, cancer and exacerbations of chronic pathologies.
The vaccine cannot be administered if the child has allergic reactions to chicken eggs and aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Should you get vaccinated?

It is worth recalling that measles infection occurs through airborne droplets, so it is very easy to become infected with the virus, especially if a child visits preschool or school. The virus affects Airways, causing severe bronchitis and pneumonia. In addition, for 6-12 months after such an illness, the child’s immunity remains weakened, so he very often develops respiratory diseases. So getting vaccinated against measles is undoubtedly important.

Vaccination scheme

Acquiring immunity from measles requires one vaccination and one revaccination. Vaccination against this infection is given at 12 months, and the period for revaccination is 6 years. A second dose of the vaccine helps protect children who do not develop lasting immunity to the disease after the first shot.

For vaccination, both a monovaccine (dried measles vaccine, Ruvax) and combination drug, which, in addition to measles, also protects against mumps and rubella (mumps-measles vaccine, Priorix, MMP-II). The vaccine contains weakened measles viruses.

Opinion of E. Komarovsky

A well-known pediatrician, pointing out that the measles virus is very volatile, and the susceptibility of the disease is close to 100%, is confident that vaccination against measles is very important. Komarovsky calls this viral infection not the easiest, because it significantly reduces immunity and threatens many complications. Therefore, vaccination against measles, in his opinion, is best choice any sane parent.

Preparation

Before vaccination, the child must be examined by a pediatrician to identify contraindications. You should also take blood and urine tests. If the child has any neurological problems, he is also examined by a neurologist. If there is an increased risk of allergies, antihistamines are prescribed before vaccination and continue to be given to the baby for 2 days after the injection.