Skin keratoma - symptoms and treatment in adults, photos on the face, head. Seborrheic, senile, senile. Senile warts (age-related keratomas): features, types and methods of treatment Classification and characteristics of various forms

Keratoma of the skin is a long-known disease that is common among people over forty years of age. Information about symptoms, signs (photos) and treatment of the disease in adults is presented in the article below.

Keratoma is a benign neoplasm on human skin. In appearance, the keratome is shaped like an oval of brown or dark brown color. The formation may be rough to the touch and have a crust. The disease is most often asymptomatic, but there have been cases where keratomas were itchy and painful.

People often confuse papilloma and keratoma, thinking that they are the same thing. Externally, the neoplasms are slightly similar, but have completely different symptoms and the cause of occurrence.

Localization of keratoma

Neoplasms are usually localized on the arms, neck, back and sometimes on the legs, especially often on the face, which causes psychological discomfort. Each patient has a different number of keratomas. For some, only one occurs, for others their number exceeds several dozen. The spread of keratoma throughout the body occurs spontaneously.

ICD-10 code

Keratoma is a benign formation, and accordingly has an ICD-10 code of D23 “other benign skin neoplasms.”

Why does it appear

With age, the skin becomes less susceptible to external factors exposure, and epidermal cells begin to transform into keratinized tissue, rising above the skin.

Experts identify several main factors that contribute to the appearance of keratomas:

• age-related skin changes;
• disruptions in the immune system;
• diseases associated with the endocrine system;
• metabolic disease;
• hormonal imbalance;
• insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals into the body;
• uncontrolled and prolonged use of antibiotics;
• exposure to skin chemicals;
• wearing tight synthetic clothing;
• long-term exposure sun rays;
• hereditary predisposition (usually in the male line).

What is the danger

Keratoma (not every person knows what it is and how dangerous it is) serious illness primarily because it can degenerate into a cancerous tumor. To prevent this, consultation with a qualified medical professional is required with subsequent monitoring of the development of the tumor.

Of all the varieties of this neoplasm, types such as solar and horny are characterized by the greatest likelihood of transition to oncology.

There are several factors that can provoke the transition of keratoma into an oncological form:

• radioactive and ultraviolet radiation;
• careless infliction of injury, including constant friction with clothing;
• incorrectly prescribed treatment.

If the keratome is damaged, the healing process will be long. The neoplasm should not be allowed to bleed; in this case, conditions will be created for infection to enter.

How does it affect the patient’s well-being?

A neoplasm in the form of a keratoma in most cases does not cause any discomfort to a person if it is not located in open areas of the body.

According to statistics, the main complaints are:

• burning;
• tingling;
• cosmetic defect;
• uncomfortable wearing clothes.

Important! Not all types of keratomas can manifest themselves; some of them are invisible to humans, especially if the location is not visible to the eye.

What does a keratoma look like at the initial stage?

Once a skin keratoma begins to form, regardless of its type, the main signs and symptoms will be the same:

1. Keratoma (photo - the initial stage proceeds almost unnoticed - shown in the article) implies the appearance of a small spot of a pale yellow hue.
2. The spot then becomes darker in color.
3. At the next stage, the neoplasm begins to rise above the skin and resemble a wart-like appendage.
4. The last stage is characterized by the growth of the neoplasm in width and height with noticeable peeling and darkening.

Important! Keratoma cannot be scratched or removed on your own; this may lead to infection and development into an oncological form.

Senile (seborrheic, senile) keratoma - photo

Seborrheic keratoma, according to statistics, occurs mainly in old age, after fifty years. The causes of the disease have not been clarified, but experts confidently claim that it is a non-infectious pathology.

If the size of the neoplasm reaches more than 3 mm, then you need to constantly monitor the development process together with a medical specialist. Only he will be able to determine the severity of the pathology and prescribe effective treatment.

The main symptoms of seborrheic type keratomas include the following:

• Seborrheic type keratomas can be located on all parts of the body, with the exception of the feet and palms.
• New growths may be accompanied by itching or burning.

The disease develops slowly, so it is not always possible to immediately understand that it is a keratoma.

Important! If rapid growth of the tumor is noticed, you should contact a qualified oncologist for a detailed examination. These changes may indicate that the keratoma is entering the oncological stage.

Seborrheic type keratomas are determined visually at an appointment with a dermatologist. To determine the susceptibility to oncology, cells are collected, namely, a histological analysis is carried out.

Skin keratoma (photos, symptoms and treatment in adults are reflected in the article) of the seborrheic type is determined at several stages:

Treatment of senile keratoma cannot be ignored, because in case of injury, it can go into malignant tumor. It is this type, compared to others, that most often turns into oncology.

Other types of keratomas with photos

There are several other types of keratomas, among them are:

• actinic;
• follicular;
• horny.

Keratoma (see photo below) of the actinic type is a disease that manifests itself after forty years. People with dry and light skin are most susceptible to this pathology. The neoplasms have an irregular rounded shape and a brown color.

There may be a slight tingling or itching sensation in the area where the keratoma has formed. This type of keratoma is localized on open areas of the skin. Follicular keratoma is a common disease that can occur in both children and adults. This type of keratoma also has names such as lichen ruber, goose bumps, and dyskeratosis.

The most common places of localization are:

• hips,
• buttocks,
• elbows,
• knees,
• head,
• hands.

Initial symptoms may include small blood nodules, a desire to scratch the tumor, and keratinization. skin.

Horny keratoma is an overgrown tissue of the epidermis. People after forty years of age are at risk, because... It is after this age that the skin begins to react to the sun and external influence differently. This type can develop from a seborrheic (senile) type of keratoma.

The following can provoke formation:

• viral infections;
• injury to the skin surface;
• lupus (red or tuberculous);
• long exposure to direct sunlight.

Which doctor should I contact?

Keratoma (what it is, how to treat it must be clarified in consultation with a doctor) is diagnosed by a dermatologist. If necessary, he will refer you for a consultation with an oncologist. But there is no reason to panic, because... this tumor can be removed.

The main thing you should not hesitate to do is visit a qualified medical specialist, otherwise you may miss the transition of the disease to an oncological form.

Diagnosis of the disease

To make a correct diagnosis, the following studies may be prescribed:

• obtaining anamnesis through physical examination;
• examining the tumor through a dermatoscope;
• carrying out histology of keratoma;
• taking a biopsy;
• carrying out ultrasound examination internal organs sick;
• taking blood to study hormonal levels;
• checking your immune status.

Treatment is prescribed only by the attending physician after studies have been carried out. To eliminate the risk of malignancy, a biopsy is taken and histological examination.

Removal methods

There are several methods for removing keratoma.

These include:

• laser removal;
• electrocoagulation;
• removal by radio waves;
• cauterization;
• using liquid nitrogen;
• surgical method of removal.

Removal of keratoma using laser is considered the most common and the best option for the patient. This method allows you to remove the tumor so that there are no scars or scars left. This procedure has contraindications, so first of all the patient undergoes a consultation with a dermatologist and surgeon.

Before removal begins, the area where the keratoma has formed is lubricated with a special pain-blocking gel. The laser beam acts on the tumor in a targeted manner, evaporating damaged cells and not touching healthy skin. The procedure takes no more than 30 minutes.

After removing the main formation, an additional laser beam is applied, which seals the vessels and disinfects the surface so that infection does not penetrate. A wound remains at the site of the keratoma, which heals within seven days.

Contraindications to laser removal:

• poor blood clotting;
• oncological diseases;
• pregnancy period;
• pathological processes in the respiratory organs;
• temperature;
• impairment of kidney and liver function;
• diabetes;
• tuberculosis disease.

You can get rid of keratoma using electrocoagulation. This method involves applying electric current to the tumor. With its help, the affected area is literally cut out. After removal, a crust remains at the site of exposure, under which final tissue healing occurs.

You can't touch the scab rehabilitation period, it will disappear on its own in 14 days. This method is most suitable for treating keratomas that have not reached a large size. Keratomas are not removed using this method in visible areas of the body, so as not to leave an unsightly scar or scar.

Electrocoagulation is contraindicated for angina pectoris, arrhythmia and problems with blood pressure.

Removal of keratomas by radio wave method is most often practiced on open areas of the body, for example on the face. This procedure is carried out without contact with the skin. Skin is affected high temperatures, evaporating the neoplasm. A crust remains at the site of exposure, which comes off on its own without scars on the seventh day after the procedure.

Cauterization of the tumor is performed using chemical substances, namely acids, alkalis and mineral salts. Today, this procedure is not relevant, as it has many contraindications and undesirable consequences.

According to statistics, people use this method at home, which is fraught with irreversible consequences. Due to an incorrect procedure, a keratoma can turn into oncology.

Getting rid of keratoma using liquid nitrogen is also a popular procedure in medical practice. The procedure takes no more than two minutes. The specialist who performs the removal dips a wooden applicator with cotton wool at the end in liquid nitrogen and presses it firmly against the keratome for 30 seconds.

Such applications are carried out until redness appears around the neoplasm. You should not be afraid of such a procedure, since the sensations during exposure to nitrogen on the problem area are compared to a slight tingling or burning sensation.

After the procedure, a crust remains, which comes off after a couple of days, and the wound heals after 14 days. There is no need to treat the area where the keratoma was after the procedure.

Keratoma removal surgically is the standard method. The tumor is eliminated using a scalpel, after applying anesthesia. After removing the keratoma, sutures are applied, which must be removed after seven days. WITH The decision is made by the doctor, assessing the quality of the operation performed.

Keratoma after removal

After the tumor is removed, a scab appears in its place, which comes off on its own after a certain period of time. Most often, after the crust, a pink spot remains, which disappears after a month, and the skin in this place takes on its usual appearance.

What drugs are used for cauterization

Keratomas are cauterized with drugs containing such active substances, How:

• glycolic acid,
• fluoruacil,
• podophyllin,
• trichloroacetic acid.

The procedure must be performed only in a specialized clinic. Self-administration of such drugs can lead to chemical burns. As a result, an irreversible process of transition of the keratoma into a malignant formation may occur.

Folk remedies

Skin keratoma in some cases is treated with folk remedies.

Most common folk recipes for the treatment of keratoma:

Any use of folk remedies at home must be coordinated with a qualified specialist. It will help adjust the dosage. For greater effectiveness, procedures should be performed daily.

How to avoid the appearance of new keratomas

To prevent new keratomas from arising:

• It is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle and take regularly vitamin complexes. This is especially true for vitamin P. It is found in buckwheat, beans, burdock, greens, and citrus fruits.

• In addition, there is no need to overexpose yourself to the sun on hot summer days. The skin can react in an unpredictable way and trigger the formation of keratomas.
• Avoid wearing tight clothing, especially synthetic ones.
• It is necessary to carry out hygienic procedures in a timely manner and treat skin folds, cleansing them of contaminants.
• If it is not possible to hide from the sun in summer, then you must definitely use sun protection creams. It is important to pay attention to the composition: titanium dioxide must be present among the components. It protects especially effectively from the sun.

This neoplasm is benign, but you need to know that there is a risk of it degenerating into malignant. At the same time, skin keratoma (photos, symptoms and treatment in adults are described in this article) is not a death sentence, because you can remove it without a trace.

Video about skin keratoma, its symptoms and treatment methods

What is a keratoma and how to treat it, expert advice:

Removing keratoses with nitrogen:

Seborrheic keratosis - includes a whole group of skin diseases that are united by a single factor - thickening of the stratum corneum of the skin. It is noteworthy that the main risk group is people over forty years of age. Currently, the causes of this pathology are not fully understood, and clinicians identify a rather narrow range of predisposing factors, which are based on chemical and mechanical damage to the skin.

The clinical picture will differ slightly depending on the form of the disease. The most specific symptom is the formation of spots on any part of the body except the palms and feet.

Establishing the correct diagnosis will not be a problem for an experienced dermatologist, which is why diagnosis is based only on a thorough physical examination, which is carried out personally by the clinician.

Treatment of seborrheic keratosis in the vast majority of cases is performed with minimally invasive surgical operations, however, sometimes folk medicine can be used.

The International Classification of Diseases has given special significance to such benign skin pathology. The ICD-10 code is L82.

Etiology

Previously, it was believed that the disease was one of the symptoms or was caused by prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. However, after lengthy clinical studies, specialists in the field of dermatology decided that such theories are not relevant to seborrheic keratosis, in particular because the pathology in the vast majority of cases is diagnosed in people over forty years of age.

Nevertheless, the following are considered to be predisposing sources:

• repeated mechanical damage to the skin;
• chemical influence of aerosols;
• occurrence in humans chronic diseases from the endocrine system;
• a wide range of autoimmune processes;
• uncontrolled use of certain medications, in particular hormonal substances containing estrogen.

It is generally accepted that genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of this disease. Diagnosing this type of seborrhea in one of your close relatives increases the risk of developing a similar pathology in descendants by approximately 40%.

Classification

The choice of treatment tactics for seborrheic keratosis is directly dictated by the stage of progression of the disease. Thus, the following stages of occurrence are distinguished, slowly replacing each other:

• spot- this is the initial degree, at which, in addition to yellowish-brown spots, no other clinical manifestations not visible. Often, treatment of the disease at this stage is not carried out, since the disease does not cause discomfort to the patient. In the vast majority of cases, the first spots begin to form between the ages of fifty and sixty;
• papular form– the affected area of ​​the skin begins to change shade, and a nodule or papule rises above its surface. Neoplasms may differ in volume and number;
• keratotic form– formation of a senile wart or is observed. If you accidentally damage the tumor, slight bleeding will begin;
• keratinization– in this case, the formation of a cutaneous horn occurs. Most often, it is at this stage of the course that patients seek qualified assistance see a dermatologist.

In my own way histological structure the disease is divided into:

• keratosis planus– consists of unchanged pathological cells;
• irritant seborrheic keratosis– differs in that the neoplasm is impregnated with an accumulation of lymphocytes;
• reticular or adenoid– includes a network of cystic formations from the stratum corneum of the epithelium;
• clear cell melanoma– acts as the rarest type of this disease. The composition contains the presence of horny cysts, melanocytes and keratinocytes;
• lichenoid keratosis- differs in that appearance resembles a rash that appears against the background or;
• clonal seborrheic keratosis– in such cases, the tumor includes both small and large pigmented keratinocyte cells;
• keratotic papilloma– consists of particles of the epidermis of single horny cystic neoplasms;
• follicular inverted keratosis– associated histogenetically with the squamous epithelial lining of the infundibulum hair follicle benign tumor.

Symptoms

Seborrheic keratosis of the skin is completely asymptomatic, in the sense that it does not worsen the patient’s well-being and does not cause pain and does not have pronounced symptoms.

However, the disease has the following clinical signs:

• formation of single or multiple spots. The favorite place of localization is the skin on the back or chest, on the shoulders or on the face. The neck and hairy part heads, as well back surface forearms and genital area;
• keratomas resemble a circle or oval in shape;
• the size of the tumors varies from a few millimeters to six centimeters;
• have clear boundaries with healthy skin;
• as they progress, they rise above the surface of the skin;
• often accompanied by itching;
• spots and nodules have wide range colors ranging from pink to black;
• peeling of the skin in affected areas;
• warts are covered with a thin film that is easily removed, but still bleeds;
• acquiring a pointed shape, causing the papule to rise above healthy skin by about one millimeter;
• keratinization of the skin involved in the pathological process.

It is also worth noting the signs that require you to seek medical help from a dermatologist. These include:

• severe discomfort caused by papules or nodules - while the neoplasms begin to interfere with normal daily activities;
• severe bleeding;
• accession inflammatory process;
• significant growth - the volume of spots or nodes changes upward every day, which is noticeable even to the naked eye;
• localization of the formation in a visible place, which causes not only physical, but also emotional discomfort;
• multiple keratomas, the number of which is constantly increasing;
• attachment of pain.

All of the above manifestations are typical for representatives of both sexes.

Diagnostics

Due to the fact that the disease has pronounced symptoms, very often there are no problems with establishing the correct diagnosis.

The basis of diagnosis consists of the following activities:

• examination by the clinician of the patient’s medical history and life history - to establish the most characteristic cause seborrheic keratosis in a particular patient;
• carrying out a thorough physical examination - to assess the condition of the skin or hair, which will help determine the number of pathological foci;
• a detailed survey of the patient - to determine the presence of unpleasant sensations, as well as in the presence of pronounced symptoms to establish the first time of occurrence and the severity of the symptoms. This will enable the doctor to determine the extent of the pathological process.

Laboratory and instrumental diagnostics are based on a biopsy, in which a small piece of the tumor is taken and subsequent microscopic examination is carried out. This is necessary for:

• confirmation of a benign process;
• identification of rare situations of malignancy of keratomas;
• determining the type of disease.

Only after studying the results of all tests and examinations will the dermatologist make a decision on how to treat seborrheic keratosis individually for each patient.

Treatment

Treatment tactics will differ depending on at what stage of the course the diagnosis was made. For example, until warts or nodules form on the skin, specific therapy is not carried out. The only medicinal method is to take ascorbic acid. This will help avoid further progression of the disease and completely relieve initial stages pathology.

In other cases, treatment of seborrheic keratosis is aimed at removing tumors and is carried out through the following procedures:

• laser therapy– lies in the fact that pathological tissues are burned out by laser radiation and simply evaporate. After this, a small seal remains at the operation site, which eventually resolves on its own;
• radio wave therapy– similar to the previous event, it is based on the evaporation of the tumor, but is performed under local anesthetic;
• burning with liquid nitrogen– differs in that the keratoma is burned out by cold and then dies. A small blister remains at the site of the intervention, but it opens itself, and healthy skin grows in its place;
• electrocoagulation- involves excision using an electric scalpel, after which a suture is placed at the site of the wart.

In rare cases, the following treatment methods are used:

• applications using ointments containing fluorouracil, solcoderm and others medicinal substances;
• curettage;
• folk remedies.

In the latter case, treatment is carried out using:

• a lotion made from a thin piece of aloe, which is applied to the problematic part of the body;
• propolis-based compress;
• applications made from raw potato pulp;
• lotions of onion peels and vinegar.

It is worth noting that therapy at home should be carried out only after prior consultation and approval of the attending physician.

Prevention and prognosis

Since the causes of the disease are unknown, preventive actions will be based on general rules:

• conducting healthy image life;
• careful skin care;
• minimizing the influence of irritating factors;
• taking medications strictly as prescribed by the doctor;
• timely treatment of endocrine pathologies.

Also, do not forget that several times a year it is recommended to undergo a full preventive examination V medical institution with visits to all specialists.

Seborrheic keratosis is a disease that can be cured without much effort. The prognosis is favorable in the vast majority of cases. However, malignancy of the keratoma occurs in 9% of situations.

Is everything in the article correct from a medical point of view?

Answer only if you have proven medical knowledge

Keratopapilloma (or keratotic papilloma) is a formation with a benign growth pattern, close to papilloma. It rises above the surface of the skin, has the appearance of a cauliflower, the surface is papillary, can measure up to 1-2 cm, and can be compared to a large pea.

During the aging process, the functioning of many organs and systems in the body is disrupted. Human skin is a complex organ in which pathologies occur. One of these pathologies is senile warts - the result of a violation of the keratinization process. They consist of multiple layers of keratinocytes that have undergone keratinization. An increased ability to keratinize or hyperkeratosis is the reason for the appearance of such a formation.

Keratopapilloma creates inconvenience in Everyday life By cause of lung damage, the characteristic location of the formation is open areas body (face, arms and neck). The development of an inflammatory process as a result of injury is likely. It malignizes and rarely degenerates into cancer - with systematic irritation (scratching, tearing, rubbing).

The ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) code for keratopapilloma is D23 – other benign skin neoplasms.

Types of senile warts

The growth is similar to a wart, but its cause is different. Warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), and keratopapilloma is an age-related change.

Senile keratoma

Senile keratoma is known as senile keratoma. Characterized by gradual development. Initially, a small hyperpigmented spot appears, which is brown in color. Gradually, the surface of the spot begins to rise above the surface of the skin and acquires a papillary appearance (for which reason it can be confused with condyloma). On palpation it has a soft consistency. Later, the integumentary layer undergoes keratinization and falls off in the form of grayish plates.

It is considered a benign formation characteristic of old age. Located on upper limbs, face, back and other closed areas of the body.

Follicular

Keratoma is located in the area of ​​the hair follicle or nearby. It is a small flesh-colored nodule, sometimes pink or cream due to weak pigmentation, 1-1.5 cm in size. A hyperemic line outlines the growth around it. In the center there is a depression in which keratohyaline masses are located.

It is not dangerous, has a low probability of becoming malignant, but can reappear after removal. Favorite places of localization are nasolabial folds, upper lip, cheeks.

Seborrheic wart

Tumor of epithelial origin, benign. Develops from the basal layer of the epidermis. Typical for older people. It is formed over several decades. Can reach 4 cm in diameter. Having passed the stage of an inconspicuous yellowish spot, it gradually hypertrophies and grows. Throughout the entire period of formation, fatty scales peel off from the surface of the spot. Sebum imparts oiliness, which is why the tumor gets its name. It is most often localized in closed areas of the body. A seborrheic wart can be black in color and mushroom-shaped (or like a papilla). Senile (seborrheic) growths do not undergo malignant degeneration.

Horny keratoma

A neoplasm developing from the spinous layer of the epidermis. Clinically manifests itself in the form of a horn, like in animals. The reason is the unnatural ability of the horny substance to glue keratinized epithelial cells. Can appear at any age. The affected area is uncovered areas of healthy skin. It develops against the background of solar, seborrheic keratosis, nevus, viral warts, skin tuberculosis, etc. It reaches several centimeters in length. Takes any form. Characterized by slow growth. Sometimes located on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, lips, eyelids. They rarely become malignant.

Solar keratosis

It is a precancerous condition. It develops as a result of the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays of sunlight on keratocytes. As a result, the cells become atypical. Predisposing factors are heredity, pale skin color, old age, and degree of insolation. The danger lies in the possibility of degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma.

It looks like multiple limited foci of hyperkeratosis on skin exposed to excessive sun exposure. Initially, this rash is slightly painful and ranges in color from red to gray-black.

Angiokeratoma

It has the appearance of papules, up to 1 cm in diameter, of irregular shape. The focus that gave rise to the tumor is the papillary layer of the epidermis. A special feature is the presence of developed vascular elements, which gives a red or purple hue. But it doesn’t lighten with pressure. Appears in different age groups. Can cause paresthesia and eye damage.

Causes

Reasons that provoke the appearance of warts with age:

• dysfunction sebaceous glands;
• improper diet (excess of animal fats in the diet, hypo- and avitaminosis, especially vitamins E, A, PP);
• prolonged exposure to the sun;
• elderly age;
• genetic predisposition;
• concomitant diseases (oily seborrhea, leukoplakia, skin tuberculosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, etc.);
• floor. Dyskeratoses develop in both sexes, but some of their forms are more common in males (cutaneous horn);
• mechanical and chemical damage.

A peculiarity of the appearance of warts with age is that one pathological neoplasm can cause another (the skin horn can develop due to other keratoses).

Symptoms and diagnosis

Define age wart possible due to symptoms:

• at the beginning, the pathological formation looks like a speck stuck to the skin;
• color: pink to black or dark brown;
• size and appearance: a small spot initially appears, which over time begins to grow, rises above the surface of the skin and takes on a warty appearance. Over time, it changes and takes on a mushroom-like appearance. Multiple formations that are closely located can merge together, then the size increases significantly;
• age-related keratomas are characterized by the development of hyperkeratosis, active keratinization of epithelial cells. As a result, a significant layer of exfoliated horny masses is formed, sometimes up to 2 cm thick;
• formations may differ in localization. Condylomas can occur on the mucous membranes, in the larynx (on the vocal cords), bladder, ureters, external ear canal, sometimes in the chest (intraductal);
• keratomas are never located on the mucous membranes, but can appear on the back, arms, chest, and head.

For such formations, malignancy is not typical, but in appearance they can resemble melanoma due to jagged edges, which is observed in some cases.

Diagnosis is carried out by a dermatologist (or dermatologist-oncologist). During the examination, the appearance, shape, edges, size, consistency are assessed, then a fragment (piece) of the warty growth is taken for histological examination. Only histology will make an accurate diagnosis.

What is the difference between papilloma and keratoma?

Papilloma and keratoma are benign neoplasms. They differ in the following features:

1. Keratoma is formed as a result of a violation of keratinization. The phenomenon of hyperkeratosis develops. The resulting structures have a dense consistency, and the keratinized epidermis peels off from the surface of the growth.
2. Papilloma is formed as a result of active division of epithelial cells. As a result, the cells form masses resembling cauliflower. The growth has soft consistency, a developed network of capillaries and stromal elements.
3. Difference in age group: keratomas are typical for older people, papillomas occur at any age.
4. Papillomatosis is the result of exposure to human papillomavirus, unlike keratomas.
5. The provoking factor for the appearance of keratomas is advanced age and excessive sun exposure. Locations are open areas of the body. Papillomatous growths appear anywhere.

Treatment methods

This pathology is typical for older people; classical methods of therapy may not be suitable due to the presence of many absolute and relative contraindications in connection with age characteristics and related diseases.

Age-related (seborrheic) growths do not pose any danger or physical discomfort; doctors seek help for aesthetic reasons when the growths are located on the face.

Some warts are a symptom of other somatic disorders, which requires additional diagnosis.

Surgical removal

Surgical method is the traditional treatment option. In surgery, treatment is used only in the following cases:

• the likelihood of degeneration into a malignant tumor;
• inconvenient location when permanent damage occurs;
• when the process is pronounced and has a multiple character.

The essence of the operation:

1. Inspection, selection of location and volume of surgery.
2. Preparation of the surgical field. Treatment antiseptic solution(betadine).
3. Conducting anesthesia (novocaine or lidocaine).

Individual intolerance to the anesthetic may occur.

1. Tissue dissection, excision of the pathological area within healthy tissue.
2. Antiseptic treatment.
3. Skin suture with re-treatment with betadine.
4. Applying an aseptic dressing.

Advantages of the operation:

• low probability of reappearance in the same place;
• acceptable price;
• get rid of pathological tissues as much as possible, which is important in the case of a malignant tumor.

Negative sides:

• a scar remains;
• the likelihood of infectious complications;
• relatively long healing.

Hardware procedures

Hardware procedures include:

• cryodestruction;
• radio wave method;
• laser removal.

Cryodestruction– the use of liquid nitrogen, low temperature allows you to destroy pathological tissue without damaging healthy tissue. The procedure is practically not felt, and no scars are formed. The pathological focus will not disappear immediately, but after a few weeks. This method is safe for older people

Radio wave– use of high-frequency radio waves. The peculiarity of the method is the accuracy of execution, a short time procedures and the likelihood of use in hard-to-reach places (on the eyelids).

Laser removal– layer-by-layer removal of cells with a special laser. It involves eliminating a cosmetic defect in several sessions; it will not be possible to remove everything at once. But the procedure has no age restrictions, is bloodless due to cauterization of blood vessels, and is short in duration.

Traditional methods of treatment

Traditional medicine allows you to treat keratopapillomas on the skin at home yourself. Treatment with folk remedies is varied.

Features of the treatment of seborrheic keratoma

Seborrheic keratoma can be treated with the following dermatological methods:

1. Removal of the lesion by cryodestruction.
2. Laser removal.
3. Chemotherapy method.
4. Use of aromatic retinoids.

A medical neodymium laser is used to remove keratoma. The principle of operation is similar to laser removal of other formations - layer-by-layer destruction of cells.

The chemotherapy method involves the use of 30% prospidin and 5% fluorouracil ointment, solcoderm. Ointments have an antitumor effect. Solcoderm causes mummification of the formation followed by self-elimination. Used only after checking for good quality. As a result, a reduction in keratotic elements is achieved.

Aromatic retinoids – synthetic analogues vitamin A. Slow down cell division. There are a number of contraindications, which are prescribed individually.

Possible complications and prevention of the disease

Preventive actions:

• spend less time in the sun;
• do not visit the solarium;
• the diet should contain a lot of greens (parsley, onions, dill, basil);
• moderate consumption of animal fats;
• give up bad habits(tobacco smoking, alcohol);
• timely treatment of skin diseases;
• be less nervous.

Possible complications:

• inflammation;
• infection with the development of a purulent process;
• formation of a voluminous cosmetic defect.

Skin diseases are rightfully considered one of the most extensive groups of diseases in medicine. Their list includes both mild diseases that respond well to treatment and more serious ones, for example, keratopapilloma. IN International classification diseases 10 (ICD) for keratopapilloma code D23 - these are other benign skin neoplasms.

This disease itself may not cause inconvenience or pain, but in many cases it causes the development of skin cancer That is why specialist supervision is necessary from the very moment symptoms are detected. What is keratopapilloma, how to quickly identify its symptoms and is it possible to get rid of this diagnosis forever?

Definition

First you need to figure out what it is - keratopapilloma, and how to recognize it in time. Keratopapilloma is benign neoplasm, one of the types of papillomas. This neoplasm often has a convex shape and is attached to the skin with a thin stalk (depending on the type). It differs from ordinary papillomas in the keratinization of the surface and the presence of peeling.

Sizes range from fairly small to large (up to the size of a hazelnut). The number of neoplasms also varies, from 1-2 to several hundred. Most often, keratopapillomas are localized on the face, neck, armpits, groin and lower back. There are also cases of keratopapilloma in medical practice. auricle.

Reasons for the development of the disease

Patients with this diagnosis are people aged 35 years and older. This statistics is explained by age-related changes that occur in the body of each person. Among the main causes of the disease:

• genetic predisposition (if one of the parents had keratopapillomas, in most cases the children will also suffer from this disease);
• age-related disruptions in the functioning of the digestive and hormonal systems (this becomes an impetus for the growth of the skin layer);
• monotonous diet (lack of vitamins and microelements reduces immunity and leads to malfunction of individual organs);
• irregularities in work sebaceous glands(skin becomes dry, keratinization begins);
• influence of UV rays;
• constantly wearing tight, uncomfortable clothes.

Clinical picture

The initial stages of keratopapilloma disease (ICD 10-D23) are accompanied by the appearance of small spots on the skin. Their color can be different: yellowish, light or dark brown. Over time, these spots increasingly begin to rise above the surface of the skin and become covered with a dense crust or roughness.

Lack of treatment leads to the fact that at the site of 1-2 neoplasms, dozens grow, covering large areas of the skin. Many people with this diagnosis do not report any pain or discomfort. In other words, keratopapilloma in some cases is considered by people only as a visual defect. Unpleasant manifestations occur when neoplasms are located in areas of contact with clothing. When rubbed with a cloth, keratopapillomas begin to crack, bleed, cause itching and painful sensations. In some cases benign tumor becomes the cause of an inflammatory process or degenerates into an oncological skin disease.

What is it - keratopapilloma: types of disease

The appearance of the tumor, the development and course of the disease largely depend on the type of pathological area. Taking this into account, the course of treatment for keratopapilloma is developed. Types of neoplasms:

• Follicular keratopapilloma. This neoplasm often looks like a nodule with a small depression in the center. It is localized in most cases on the face, in the mouth area. Individual nodules of this type are located quite close to each other.
• Senile. This type of disease manifests itself as small spots on the skin that differ in color. The neoplasms do not rise above the surface of the skin, but over time they increase in size and acquire a loose structure.
• Horny. Most often, this type of keratopapilloma is located on the skin of the face. A distinctive feature is a very dense horny surface, reminiscent of a horn.
• Seborrheic. Visually, seborrheic keratopapilloma looks like a wart. It is clearly visible on the skin, rising above its surface. It differs from an ordinary wart in its dark color and the presence of scales on the surface. By appearance and photo, keratopapillomas of this type are not easy to distinguish from other types of neoplasms. Patients with this diagnosis complain of itching and discomfort in the affected area.
• Angiokeratoma. This type of disease affects the smallest blood vessels and is presented in the form of burgundy or brown spot on the skin.
• Solar. This diagnosis is accompanied by small spots on the skin, which after some time become covered with a dense crust and harden. The spots tend to grow and more often than other types of keratopapillomas become the cause of cancer.

Diagnostic methods

To prescribe an effective course of therapy, the doctor must conduct a thorough diagnosis to identify the type of keratopapilloma according to ICD 10 code, its causes and characteristics of its course. For this purpose, several methods are used in medicine:

• Visual - an experienced dermatologist during the initial examination and taking into account the patient’s complaints can make a preliminary diagnosis and prescribe additional studies necessary in this case.
• Siascopy is a procedure during which a hardware scan of neoplasms is carried out for the purpose of study (thanks to this, it is possible to determine the type of benign formation).

• Dermatoscopy - during the study, a device is used that works on the principle of a microscope.
• Ultrasound examination (ultrasound).
• Biopsy - a histological examination of tissue is necessary if the presence of malignant cells is suspected.

Methods for treating keratopapilloma

How to get rid of the problem? Patients who have received such a diagnosis from a doctor are wondering what it is - keratopapilloma and how to treat the disease. Today, medicine offers a number of ways to quickly and effectively get rid of the manifestations of keratopapilloma. Among them:

• use of medications (not suitable for all cases);
• classical surgery;
• laser treatment;
• cryodestruction (impact liquid nitrogen);
• radio wave treatment;
• electrocoagulation (application electric current).

The choice in favor of one or another method of therapy is made only after a thorough diagnosis. This is explained as follows: all of the above treatment options are suitable only in the absence of malignant cells. According to the ICD code, keratopapilloma is a benign disease. Oncological diseases skin is treated with laser, traditional methods surgery and radio waves. Other impacts (a liquid nitrogen, current) can cause rapid growth of malignant cells.

Drug therapy

Drug treatment of keratopapilloma - what is it? Reception medicines prescribed by doctors taking into account general condition patients, causes and stage of development of the disease.

• Cytostatics. These medicines are prescribed in cases where there is a high risk of a benign neoplasm becoming malignant. Typical representatives of this group: “Methotrexate”, “Prospidin”, “Cyclophosphamide”, used for local administration.
• Antitumor antibiotics.
• Local anti-inflammatory. In cases where the skin around the keratopapilloma has redness and inflammation, local anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed. Good efficiency showed the Diclofenac gel.
• Hormonal. Such medications can help cope with swelling, itching and burning. Used topically. These medications should only be used under medical supervision.
• Mummifying and cauterizing. For seborrheic keratopapilloma, local preparations based on concentrated acids are often prescribed. One of them is Solcoderm.

Surgical method

This method of treatment is considered one of the oldest and involves removing keratopapilloma with a scalpel. Among the undoubted advantages of this method:

• versatility (suitable for the treatment of benign and malignant tumors);
• effectiveness - after removing the tumor, the problem disappears;
• affordable price - of all the options offered, surgical removal is considered the cheapest.

One of the disadvantages is the complete dependence of the result on the professionalism of the surgeons, since the human factor plays a big role here.

Laser treatment

This method of exposure can be included in the list of the most modern gentle methods of treating keratopapilloma (ICD 10-D23). It consists of using a laser beam that acts directly on the affected area of ​​the skin and does not affect healthy surrounding tissue. Depending on the characteristics of the disease, a beam of different intensities can be used. During exposure to a laser beam, the neoplasm cells do not disintegrate, but their DNA chain is disrupted, which leads to a stop in the growth and development of keratopapilloma. The duration of keratopapilloma removal can vary from 2 to 10 minutes. The number of sessions depends on the complexity of the disease and the size of the affected area. To eliminate small keratopapillomas, 1 procedure is sufficient.

Cryodestruction

A distinctive feature of this treatment method is the effect on the affected area low temperatures(up to -180 degrees). Freezing can be done in two ways:

• using a special device - a cryodestructor;
• using a cotton pad with liquid nitrogen.

In the first case, the doctor brings the cryodestructor as close as possible to the affected area of ​​the skin. In a short time, the tissue is frozen, and the contents of the cells are destroyed. When using a regular cotton pad with liquid nitrogen, it is applied strictly to the area of ​​keratopapilloma and removed after 3 minutes. After some time, the tumor peels off on its own, and the skin in this place is restored. This method of treatment is considered one of the most effective. There are several reasons for this:

• speed of treatment - in most cases, 1-2 sessions are enough to remove keratopapillomas;
• efficiency;
• absence of cosmetic skin defects after treatment.

Radio wave therapy

This is another method of treating keratopapilloma, which can be considered one of the most advanced. It differs from many other methods of exposure in that it is safe for healthy tissues, because it does not use a scalpel or current, but radio waves.

Undoubted advantages:

• versatility - radio wave treatment is indicated for diagnosing benign and malignant neoplasms(including keratopapillomas of the auricle);
• gentle effect - healthy tissues are not involved, so there are no scars left after the procedure;
• the ability to process all types of tissue (even mucous membranes);
• Painlessness - radio wave treatment does not require anesthesia.

This option is not suitable for all patients, as there are some contraindications (pregnancy and lactation, herpes infection, menstruation, allergic reactions, pustular and inflammatory formations).

Electrocoagulation

This type of treatment is based on the use of electric current of variable or constant frequency. During the procedure, a metal electrode is applied to the neoplasms, resulting in a burn that is very limited in area. In other words, they only affect keratopapilloma and nearby blood vessels. Thanks to this, the tumor is removed and bleeding does not occur (the vessels are cauterized).

Doctors consider this treatment as one of the most effective:

• All types of tumors can be treated in this way;
• the effect is achieved in 1 session;
• no anesthetic is required to remove small keratopapillomas;
• The price of the procedure is quite affordable.

The disadvantages include the appearance of scars after removal (occurs when large areas of skin are affected).

Treatment with traditional methods

In addition to medication and removal of keratopapillomas, there is another method of treatment - the use of folk remedies. They can give some effect only if the keratopapilloma has appeared recently. Old tumors are not amenable to such treatment. It is important to understand that before you start using folk remedies, you must undergo a diagnosis. How dangerous is keratopapilloma? Not everyone knows what it is. This is a benign neoplasm that can progress to the malignant stage. Time spent on self-medication makes it difficult to get rid of the disease.

• Aloe. Aloe leaves are cut off and placed in the freezer for 3 days. After this, the sheet is thawed until room temperature, cut and apply the pulp to the affected area overnight. The course of treatment is at least 3 weeks.
• Raw potatoes. Peel the potatoes and grate them on a fine grater. The resulting mass is applied to the lesion, covered with a bandage and a film on top. After 40 minutes, wash off.
• Bay leaf ointment. To prepare the product you will need 2 juniper and 10 bay leaves, 100 grams of butter and 10 drops of fir oil. The leaves need to be thoroughly chopped and mixed with oils and mixed. The affected areas should be smeared daily. These ingredients help against tumors of various types.
• Unripe walnut fruits. You will need 1 part of unripe walnuts and 6 parts warm vegetable oil. The liquid is infused in a thermos for about a day and used for daily lubrication with keratopapillomas. Use for 2 weeks.

We looked at a disease called keratopapilloma. What it is and how to treat it is no longer a mystery. Knowing everything about this pathology, people with this diagnosis will be prepared for therapy. At the same time, the information will also be useful to those who are at risk.