Senile keratoma ICD 10. Senile warts (age-related keratomas): features, types and methods of treatment. Seborrheic keratosis of the skin and its treatment

Keratoma of the skin is a long-known disease that is common among people over forty years of age. Information about symptoms, signs (photos) and treatment of the disease in adults is presented in the article below.

Keratoma is a benign neoplasm on human skin. In appearance, the keratome is shaped like an oval of brown or dark brown color. The formation may be rough to the touch and have a crust. The disease is most often asymptomatic, but there have been cases where keratomas were itchy and painful.

People often confuse papilloma and keratoma, thinking that they are the same thing. Externally, the neoplasms are slightly similar, but have completely different symptoms and the cause of occurrence.

Localization of keratoma

Neoplasms are usually localized on the arms, neck, back and sometimes on the legs, especially often on the face, which causes psychological discomfort. Each patient has a different number of keratomas. For some, only one occurs, for others their number exceeds several dozen. The spread of keratoma throughout the body occurs spontaneously.

ICD-10 code

Keratoma is a benign formation and accordingly has a code according to ICD-10 – D23 “others” benign neoplasms skin."

Why does it appear

With age, the skin becomes less susceptible to external factors exposure, and epidermal cells begin to transform into keratinized tissue, rising above the skin.

Experts identify several main factors that contribute to the appearance of keratomas:

• age-related skin changes;
• disruptions in the immune system;
• diseases associated with the endocrine system;
• metabolic disease;
• hormonal imbalance;
• insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals into the body;
• uncontrolled and prolonged use of antibiotics;
• exposure to skin chemicals;
• wearing tight synthetic clothing;
• long-term exposure sun rays;
• hereditary predisposition (usually in the male line).

What is the danger

Keratoma (not every person knows what it is and how dangerous it is) serious illness primarily because it can degenerate into a cancerous tumor. To prevent this, consultation with a qualified medical professional is required with subsequent monitoring of the development of the tumor.

Of all the varieties of this neoplasm, types such as solar and horny are characterized by the greatest likelihood of transition to oncology.

There are several factors that can provoke the transition of keratoma into an oncological form:

• radioactive and ultraviolet radiation;
• careless infliction of injury, including constant friction with clothing;
• incorrectly prescribed treatment.

If the keratome is damaged, the healing process will be long. The neoplasm should not be allowed to bleed; in this case, conditions will be created for infection to enter.

How does it affect the patient’s well-being?

A neoplasm in the form of a keratoma in most cases does not cause any discomfort to a person if it is not located on open areas bodies.

According to statistics, the main complaints are:

• burning;
• tingling;
• cosmetic defect;
• uncomfortable wearing clothes.

Important! Not all types of keratomas can manifest themselves; some of them are invisible to humans, especially if the location is not visible to the eye.

What does a keratoma look like at the initial stage?

Once a skin keratoma begins to form, regardless of its type, the main signs and symptoms will be the same:

1. Keratoma (photo - the initial stage proceeds almost unnoticed - shown in the article) implies the appearance of a small spot of a pale yellow hue.
2. The spot then becomes darker in color.
3. At the next stage, the neoplasm begins to rise above the skin and resemble a wart-like appendage.
4. The last stage is characterized by the growth of the neoplasm in width and height with noticeable peeling and darkening.

Important! Keratoma cannot be scratched or removed on your own; this may lead to infection and development into an oncological form.

Senile (seborrheic, senile) keratoma - photo

Seborrheic keratoma, according to statistics, occurs mainly in old age, after fifty years. The causes of the disease have not been clarified, but experts confidently claim that it is a non-infectious pathology.

If the size of the neoplasm reaches more than 3 mm, then you need to constantly monitor the development process together with a medical specialist. Only he will be able to determine the severity of the pathology and prescribe effective treatment.

The main symptoms of seborrheic type keratomas include the following:

• Seborrheic type keratomas can be located on all parts of the body, with the exception of the feet and palms.
• New growths may be accompanied by itching or burning.

The disease develops slowly, so it is not always possible to immediately understand that it is a keratoma.

Important! If rapid growth of the tumor is noticed, you should contact a qualified oncologist for a detailed examination. These changes may indicate that the keratoma is entering the oncological stage.

Seborrheic type keratomas are determined visually at an appointment with a dermatologist. To determine the susceptibility to oncology, cells are collected, namely, a histological analysis is carried out.

Skin keratoma (photos, symptoms and treatment in adults are reflected in the article) of the seborrheic type is determined at several stages:

Treatment of senile keratoma cannot be ignored, because in case of injury, it can go into malignant tumor. It is this type, compared to others, that most often turns into oncology.

Other types of keratomas with photos

There are several other types of keratomas, among them are:

• actinic;
• follicular;
• horny.

Keratoma (see photo below) of the actinic type is a disease that manifests itself after forty years. People with dry and light skin are most susceptible to this pathology. The neoplasms have an irregular rounded shape and a brown color.

There may be a slight tingling or itching sensation in the area where the keratoma has formed. This type of keratoma is localized on open areas of the skin. Follicular keratoma is a common disease that can occur in both children and adults. This type of keratoma also has names such as lichen ruber, goose bumps, and dyskeratosis.

The most common places of localization are:

• hips,
• buttocks,
• elbows,
• knees,
• head,
• hands.

Initial symptoms may include small blood nodules, a desire to scratch the tumor, and keratinization. skin.

Horny keratoma is an overgrown tissue of the epidermis. People after forty years of age are at risk, because... It is after this age that the skin begins to react to the sun and external influence differently. This type can develop from a seborrheic (senile) type of keratoma.

The following can provoke formation:

• viral infections;
• injury to the skin surface;
• lupus (red or tuberculous);
• long exposure to direct sunlight.

Which doctor should I contact?

Keratoma (what it is, how to treat it must be clarified in consultation with a doctor) is diagnosed by a dermatologist. If necessary, he will refer you for a consultation with an oncologist. But there is no reason to panic, because... this tumor can be removed.

The main thing you should not hesitate to do is visit a qualified medical specialist, otherwise you may miss the transition of the disease to an oncological form.

Diagnosis of the disease

To make a correct diagnosis, the following studies may be prescribed:

• obtaining anamnesis through physical examination;
• examining the tumor through a dermatoscope;
• carrying out histology of keratoma;
• taking a biopsy;
• carrying out ultrasound examination internal organs sick;
• taking blood to study hormonal levels;
• checking your immune status.

Treatment is prescribed only by the attending physician after studies have been carried out. To exclude the risk of malignancy, a biopsy is taken and histological examination is performed.

Removal methods

There are several methods for removing keratoma.

These include:

• laser removal;
• electrocoagulation;
• removal by radio waves;
• cauterization;
• by using liquid nitrogen;
• surgical method of removal.

Removal of keratoma using laser is considered the most common and the best option for the patient. This method allows you to remove the tumor so that there are no scars or scars left. This procedure has contraindications, so first of all the patient undergoes a consultation with a dermatologist and surgeon.

Before removal begins, the area where the keratoma has formed is lubricated with a special pain-blocking gel. The laser beam acts on the tumor in a targeted manner, evaporating damaged cells and not touching healthy skin. The procedure takes no more than 30 minutes.

After removing the main formation, an additional laser beam is applied, which seals the vessels and disinfects the surface so that infection does not penetrate. A wound remains at the site of the keratoma, which heals within seven days.

Contraindications to laser removal:

• poor blood clotting;
• oncological diseases;
• pregnancy period;
• pathological processes in the respiratory organs;
• temperature;
• impairment of kidney and liver function;
• diabetes;
• tuberculosis disease.

You can get rid of keratoma using electrocoagulation. This method involves influencing the tumor electric shock. With its help, the affected area is literally cut out. After removal, a crust remains at the site of exposure, under which final tissue healing occurs.

You can't touch the scab rehabilitation period, it will disappear on its own in 14 days. This method Most suitable for treating keratomas that have not reached a large size. Keratomas are not removed using this method in visible areas of the body, so as not to leave an unsightly scar or scar.

Electrocoagulation is contraindicated for angina pectoris, arrhythmia and problems with blood pressure.

Removal of keratomas by radio wave method is most often practiced on open areas of the body, for example on the face. This procedure is carried out without contact with the skin. Skin is affected high temperatures, evaporating the neoplasm. A crust remains at the site of exposure, which comes off on its own without scars on the seventh day after the procedure.

Cauterization of the tumor is performed using chemical substances, namely acids, alkalis and mineral salts. Today, this procedure is not relevant, as it has many contraindications and undesirable consequences.

According to statistics, people use this method at home, which is fraught with irreversible consequences. Due to an incorrect procedure, a keratoma can turn into oncology.

Getting rid of keratoma using liquid nitrogen is also a popular procedure in medical practice. The procedure takes no more than two minutes. The specialist who performs the removal dips a wooden applicator with cotton wool at the end in liquid nitrogen and presses it firmly against the keratome for 30 seconds.

Such applications are carried out until redness appears around the neoplasm. You should not be afraid of such a procedure, since the sensations during exposure to nitrogen on the problem area are compared to a slight tingling or burning sensation.

After the procedure, a crust remains, which comes off after a couple of days, and the wound heals after 14 days. There is no need to treat the area where the keratoma was after the procedure.

Keratoma removal surgically is the standard method. The tumor is eliminated using a scalpel, after applying anesthesia. After removing the keratoma, sutures are applied, which must be removed after seven days. WITH The decision is made by the doctor, assessing the quality of the operation performed.

Keratoma after removal

After the tumor is removed, a scab appears in its place, which comes off on its own after a certain period of time. Most often, after the crust, a pink spot remains, which disappears after a month, and the skin in this place takes on its usual appearance.

What drugs are used for cauterization

Keratomas are cauterized with drugs containing such active substances, How:

• glycolic acid,
• fluoruacil,
• podophyllin,
• trichloroacetic acid.

The procedure must be performed only in a specialized clinic. Self-administration of such drugs can lead to chemical burns. As a result, an irreversible process of transition of the keratoma into a malignant formation may occur.

Folk remedies

Skin keratoma in some cases is treated using folk remedies.

Most common folk recipes for the treatment of keratoma:

Any use of folk remedies at home must be coordinated with a qualified specialist. It will help adjust the dosage. For greater effectiveness, procedures should be performed daily.

How to avoid the appearance of new keratomas

To prevent new keratomas from arising:

• It is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle and take regularly vitamin complexes. This is especially true for vitamin P. It is found in buckwheat, beans, burdock, greens, and citrus fruits.

• In addition, there is no need to overexpose yourself to the sun on hot summer days. The skin can react in an unpredictable way and trigger the formation of keratomas.
• Avoid wearing tight clothing, especially synthetic ones.
• It is necessary to carry out hygienic procedures in a timely manner and treat skin folds, cleansing them of contaminants.
• If it is not possible to hide from the sun in summer, then you must definitely use sun protection creams. It is important to pay attention to the composition: titanium dioxide must be present among the components. It protects especially effectively from the sun.

This neoplasm is benign, but you need to know that there is a risk of it degenerating into malignant. At the same time, skin keratoma (photos, symptoms and treatment in adults are described in this article) is not a death sentence, because you can remove it without a trace.

Video about skin keratoma, its symptoms and treatment methods

What is a keratoma and how to treat it, expert advice:

Removing keratoses with nitrogen:

Seborrheic keratosis - includes a whole group of skin diseases that are united by a single factor - thickening of the stratum corneum of the skin. It is noteworthy that the main risk group is people over forty years of age. Currently, the causes of this pathology are not fully understood, and clinicians identify a rather narrow range of predisposing factors, which are based on chemical and mechanical damage to the skin.

The clinical picture will differ slightly depending on the form of the disease. The most specific symptom is the formation of spots on any part of the body except the palms and feet.

Establishing the correct diagnosis will not be a problem for an experienced dermatologist, which is why diagnosis is based only on a thorough physical examination, which is carried out personally by the clinician.

Treatment of seborrheic keratosis in the vast majority of cases is performed with minimally invasive surgical operations, however, sometimes you can use folk remedies medicine.

The International Classification of Diseases has given special significance to such benign skin pathology. The ICD-10 code is L82.

Etiology

Previously, it was believed that the disease was one of the symptoms or was caused by prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. However, after lengthy clinical studies, specialists in the field of dermatology decided that such theories are not relevant to seborrheic keratosis, in particular because the pathology in the vast majority of cases is diagnosed in people over forty years of age.

Nevertheless, the following are considered to be predisposing sources:

• repeated mechanical damage to the skin;
• chemical influence of aerosols;
• occurrence in humans chronic diseases from the endocrine system;
• a wide range of autoimmune processes;
• uncontrolled use of certain medications, in particular hormonal substances containing estrogen.

It is generally accepted that genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of this disease. Diagnosing this type of seborrhea in one of your close relatives increases the risk of developing a similar pathology in descendants by approximately 40%.

Classification

The choice of treatment tactics for seborrheic keratosis is directly dictated by the stage of progression of the disease. Thus, the following stages of occurrence are distinguished, slowly replacing each other:

• spot- this is the initial degree, in which, in addition to yellowish-brown spots, no other clinical manifestations are observed. Often, treatment of the disease at this stage is not carried out, since the disease does not cause discomfort to the patient. In the vast majority of cases, the first spots begin to form between the ages of fifty and sixty;
• papular form– the affected area of ​​the skin begins to change shade, and a nodule or papule rises above its surface. Neoplasms may differ in volume and number;
• keratotic form– formation of a senile wart or is observed. If you accidentally damage the tumor, slight bleeding will begin;
• keratinization– in this case, the formation of a cutaneous horn occurs. Most often, it is at this stage of the course that patients seek qualified assistance see a dermatologist.

In my own way histological structure the disease is divided into:

• keratosis planus– consists of unchanged pathological cells;
• irritant seborrheic keratosis– differs in that the neoplasm is impregnated with an accumulation of lymphocytes;
• reticular or adenoid– includes a network of cystic formations from the stratum corneum of the epithelium;
• clear cell melanoma– acts as the rarest type of this disease. The composition contains the presence of horny cysts, melanocytes and keratinocytes;
• lichenoid keratosis- differs in that appearance resembles a rash that appears against the background or;
• clonal seborrheic keratosis– in such cases, the tumor includes both small and large pigmented keratinocyte cells;
• keratotic papilloma– consists of particles of the epidermis of single horny cystic neoplasms;
• follicular inverted keratosis– a benign tumor associated histogenetically with the squamous epithelial lining of the infundibulum of the hair follicle.

Symptoms

Seborrheic keratosis of the skin is completely asymptomatic, in the sense that it does not worsen the patient’s well-being and does not cause pain and does not have pronounced symptoms.

However, the disease has the following clinical signs:

• formation of single or multiple spots. The favorite place of localization is the skin on the back or chest, on the shoulders or on the face. The neck and hairy part the head, as well as the back surface of the forearm and the genital area;
• keratomas resemble a circle or oval in shape;
• the size of the tumors varies from a few millimeters to six centimeters;
• have clear boundaries with healthy skin;
• as they progress, they rise above the surface of the skin;
• often accompanied by itching;
• spots and nodules have wide range colors ranging from pink to black;
• peeling of the skin in affected areas;
• warts are covered with a thin film that is easily removed, but still bleeds;
• acquiring a pointed shape, causing the papule to rise above healthy skin by about one millimeter;
• keratinization of the skin involved in the pathological process.

It is also worth noting the signs that require you to seek medical help from a dermatologist. These include:

• severe discomfort caused by papules or nodules - while the neoplasms begin to interfere with normal daily activities;
• severe bleeding;
• accession inflammatory process;
• significant growth - the volume of spots or nodes changes upward every day, which is noticeable even to the naked eye;
• localization of the formation in a visible place, which causes not only physical, but also emotional discomfort;
• multiple keratomas, the number of which is constantly increasing;
• attachment of pain.

All of the above manifestations are typical for representatives of both sexes.

Diagnostics

Due to the fact that the disease has pronounced symptoms, very often there are no problems with establishing the correct diagnosis.

The basis of diagnosis consists of the following activities:

• examination by the clinician of the patient’s medical history and life history - to establish the most characteristic cause seborrheic keratosis in a particular patient;
• carrying out a thorough physical examination - to assess the condition of the skin or hair, which will help determine the number of pathological foci;
• detailed survey of the patient - to determine the presence discomfort, as well as in the presence of pronounced symptoms to establish the first time of occurrence and severity of symptoms. This will enable the doctor to determine the degree of progression pathological process.

Laboratory and instrumental diagnostics are based on a biopsy, in which a small piece of the tumor is taken and subsequent microscopic examination is carried out. This is necessary for:

• confirmation of a benign process;
• identification of rare situations of malignancy of keratomas;
• determining the type of disease.

Only after studying the results of all tests and examinations will the dermatologist make a decision on how to treat seborrheic keratosis individually for each patient.

Treatment

Treatment tactics will differ depending on at what stage of the course the diagnosis was made. For example, until warts or nodules form on the skin, specific therapy is not carried out. The only medicinal method is to take ascorbic acid. This will help avoid further progression of the disease and completely relieve initial stages pathology.

In other cases, treatment of seborrheic keratosis is aimed at removing tumors and is carried out through the following procedures:

• laser therapy– lies in the fact that pathological tissues are burned out by laser radiation and simply evaporate. After this, a small seal remains at the operation site, which eventually resolves on its own;
• radio wave therapy– similar to the previous event, it is based on the evaporation of the tumor, but is performed under local anesthetic;
• burning with liquid nitrogen– differs in that the keratoma is burned out by cold and then dies. A small blister remains at the site of the intervention, but it opens itself, and healthy skin grows in its place;
• electrocoagulation- involves excision using an electric scalpel, after which a suture is placed at the site of the wart.

In rare cases, the following treatment methods are used:

• applications using ointments containing fluorouracil, solcoderm and others medicinal substances;
• curettage;
• folk remedies.

In the latter case, treatment is carried out using:

• a lotion made from a thin piece of aloe, which is applied to the problematic part of the body;
• propolis-based compress;
• applications made from raw potato pulp;
• lotions from onion peel and vinegar.

It is worth noting that therapy at home should be carried out only after prior consultation and approval of the attending physician.

Prevention and prognosis

Since the causes of the disease are unknown, preventive actions will be based on general rules:

• conducting healthy image life;
• careful skin care;
• minimizing the influence of irritating factors;
• taking medications strictly as prescribed by the doctor;
• timely treatment of endocrine pathologies.

Also, do not forget that several times a year it is recommended to undergo a full preventive examination V medical institution with visits to all specialists.

Seborrheic keratosis is a disease that can be cured without much effort. The prognosis is favorable in the vast majority of cases. However, malignancy of the keratoma occurs in 9% of situations.

Is everything in the article correct from a medical point of view?

Answer only if you have proven medical knowledge

The most common occurrence of seborrheic keratosis is observed in individuals in whose families there were similar cases of the disease in relatives, which is the basis for the assumption of a genetic predisposition. It occurs as a result of age-related aging of the skin and can be provoked by various external and internal factors:

The danger level of seborrheic keratosis

Although the disease is considered benign tumor, there is a definite connection between it and aggressive types of skin cancer:

Symptoms of the disease

The main symptoms of seborrheic keratosis are single or multiple elements, localized mainly on the back and front surface chest, less often - on the scalp, neck, face, dorsum of the hand, back surface forearm, in the area of ​​the external genitalia. Very rarely, keratomas appear on the palms and plantar surfaces of the feet. Tumors often have a round or oval shape with a diameter of 2 mm to 6 cm, clear boundaries and rise above the surface of the skin, often accompanied by itching.

The color of the new growths can be pink, yellow, dark cherry, dark brown, black. The surface structure is often similar to many small flaky warts, covered with a thin, easily removable crust that bleeds with minor mechanical damage. Over time, black dotted inclusions appear in it, it gradually thickens, reaching 1-2 cm. It becomes covered with a network of cracks.

Although all education has soft consistency, but the crust becomes denser, the edges acquire irregular, sometimes jagged outlines. Sometimes the keratomas become pointed or convex in the form of a 1 mm dome with a smooth surface and with black or whitish grains of keratin.

Classification and characteristics of various forms

For practical purposes, seborrheic keratosis is divided into forms:

Seborrheic keratosis irritated

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Converters

1. Flat, having the shape of a slightly raised above the surface of the skin and sharply pigmented flat formation.
2. Reticular, or adenoid - thin, interconnected in the form of a looped network, strands of epithelial pigmented cells. The network often includes cysts from the horny epithelium.
3. Clear cell melanoacanthoma is a rare form of seborrheic keratosis with a warty, rounded surface. It contains horny cysts and consists of keratinocytes, which are the basis of the epidermis, and pigment-containing cells - melanocytes. Melanoacanthomas occur mainly on lower limbs. They look like flat, moist plaques that clearly blend into the normal surrounding epidermis.
4. Lichenoid keratosis, which looks like a tumor with inflammatory changes. These elements are similar to mycosis fungoides, discoid erythematosis in systemic lupus erythematosus or lichen planus
5. Benign squamous cell or keratotic papilloma of small size, consisting of elements of the epidermis and single cystic formations of horn cells.
6. Cutaneous horn is a relatively rare form of keratosis. It occurs more often in older people and is a cylindrical mass of horn cells protruding above the surface of the skin. It can reach large sizes. The tumor occurs in 2 forms - primary, little studied and occurring for no apparent reason, and secondary, which is formed as a result of the inflammatory process in other skin tumor-like formations. The secondary horn is dangerous due to degeneration into skin cancer under the influence of microtraumas, viral infection, hyperinsolation, etc.

Seborrheic keratosis: symptoms of the disease, pathogenesis and treatment features

Features of the disease

Seborrheic keratosis is the most common type of this disease. As a rule, the disease manifests itself and develops in people over 40 years old, and more often even 50–60 years old, for which it is called senile warts or senile keratosis. According to studies, 88% of patients over 64 years of age have at least one focus of seborrheic keratosis; in people under 40 years of age, in 25% of cases there is at least one focus.

Neoplasms develop in the upper layer of the skin and have the most various shapes and sizes. Most often, skin growths are small - 0.2–6 cm, and the color is flesh-colored, black or brown. The spot protrudes above the skin level. Initially, the plaque has a close to oval shape, but as it develops it becomes uneven. The surface of the wart is covered with rough crusty formations and peels off. Appear as single keratomas. and multiple.

Warts are quite sensitive: with a slight mechanical injury, and sometimes even with a simple touch, the keratome begins to bleed. If the keratoma is damaged, you should consult a doctor - there is a very high probability of infection.

The disease code according to ICD-10 is L82.

Seborrheic keratosis itself is not particularly dangerous. Even itching does not always appear. However, when warts form on the face, neck, and open areas of the body, the disease causes severe psychological discomfort. In addition, keratomas can “mask” the manifestations of skin cancer.

Seborrheic keratosis tends to progress. The formations grow, become darker, and the surface becomes more and more rough over time. Keratonic plugs appear. With a strongly convex shape, warts cause inconvenience: they are easily damaged when removing clothes, unsuccessful movement, and so on.

A description of the disease seborrheic keratosis is given in this video:

Classification of seborrheic keratosis

• flat– plaques have a bright dark color, but slightly rise above the skin level. This can be heard especially well when palpated - this feature distinguishes flat keratosis from actinic lentigo;
• reticular- or adenoid. In addition to pigmented plaques, horny cysts appear on the surface. The formations form a kind of looped network;
• irritated– looks like flat plaques of the corresponding color. Histological examination reveals an accumulation of lymphocytes in the surface layer of the dermis;
• inflammatory– the neoplasm is accompanied by inflammation. As a rule, the most severe itching and flaking are observed;
• black papular– papules are smooth, dome-shaped, dark brown in color. Most often observed on the face in patients aged 20 to 40 years. This is usually found in those with dark skin;
• "plaster"– many small light brown and gray spots. The spots are flat and usually appear on the backs of the hands and forearms, as well as the feet and ankles.

Seborrheic keratosis (photo)

Localization

Warts can appear on almost any part of the body: on the face, torso, limbs, scalp, even on the halos of the mammary glands. Never found on the palms, soles and mucous membranes. Black papular dermatosis is localized on the face.

As a rule, the localization of warts has no practical significance. The exception is the appearance of multiple foci, as it may be associated with acute leukemia, gastrointestinal cancer, and so on.

Causes

The mechanism of seborrheic keratosis is unknown. Its connection with age is obvious: people over 75 years of age have seborrheic keratosis without fail. Moreover, it can appear both in the form of single formations and in the form of multiple spots.

The dependence of keratosis on solar radiation remains unconfirmed. As a rule, warts first appear on exposed areas of the body, but this is not enough to confirm the hypothesis about the negative effects of the sun. The hypothesis about the viral etiology of the disease was also not confirmed.

There is evidence of a genetic predisposition to keratosis: if the disease is observed in relatives, the probability of its occurrence in the patient is 100%.

However, provoking factors today include:

• tanning abuse;
• frequent mechanical damage to the skin;
• the effect of household chemicals - aerosols;
• chronic diseases leading to malfunctions of the endocrine glands;
• abuse of fats of animal origin with a low content of fats of plant origin in the diet;
• pregnancy;
• irregularities in work immune system, as well as taking hormonal medications, especially estrogen-based ones.

Seborrheic keratosis on the back

Precancerous skin lesions- benign diseases with high risk degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma. These include chronic dermatitis, keratosis, chronic cheilitis, senile or cicatricial atrophy of the skin, kraurosis. Among nosological forms, we are more often talking about senile keratoma, keratoacanthoma, leukoplakia, cutaneous horn. A number of diseases are obligate precancers: xeroderma pigmentosum, erythroplakia.

Code by international classification diseases ICD-10:

• L57.0

Actinic keratosis- rough scaly lesions of the epidermis in areas of the body exposed to constant exposure to sunlight. Appears during the 3rd or 4th decade of life; in 10-20% of patients it becomes malignant. If the biopsy confirms the disease is benign, treatment consists of excision or cryodestruction. For patients with multiple lesions, local chemotherapy (fluorouracil) is indicated.

ICD-10. L57.0 Actinic [photochemical] keratosis

Keratoacanthoma- benign epidermal tumor hair follicles in the form of single or multiple spherical nodes with a crater-shaped depression in the center filled with keratinized epithelium. Localized on the head, neck and upper limbs. The tumor progresses rapidly over 2-8 weeks, followed by spontaneous destruction. Treatment is excision with histological examination.

Nevi(birthmarks) are hamartoma-like malformations of the skin that can develop from both elements of the epidermis and the dermis itself (connective tissue, vascular elements or melanocytes). They are pigmented formations of the skin, usually protruding above the surface. Some nevi (especially melanocytic and dysplastic) can become malignant. Well-defined and uniformly colored nevi rarely degenerate.

Acanthosis blackensis- dermatosis, most often manifested by benign warty keratinizing growths of black skin folds, especially in the axillary areas, on the neck, in the groin and anal areas. May be hereditary (*100600, Â) or acquired (as a result of endocrine disorders, malignant neoplasms, medicinal [ a nicotinic acid, diethylstilbestrol, oral contraceptives, GC]). The course is chronic. Treatment is etiotropic. Complete oncological examination. Synonyms: Acanthosis nigricans, pigmentary papillary dystrophy of the skin, papillary pigmentary dystrophy.

ICD-10. L83 Acanthosis nigricans

Xeroderma pigmentosum(see Xeroderma pigmentosa).
Erythroplakia(Keyre's disease) develops rarely, more often in older men on the glans penis or foreskin. Clinically, a limited, painless, bright red node is detected. Initially, the node has a velvety surface, and with progression (over a long time), papillomatous formations or ulcerations appear. Treatment is surgical.

ICD-10. D23 Other benign skin neoplasms

Benign hyperkeratotic skin neoplasms in dermatology are classified according to clinical manifestations and the degree of risk of malignancy. There are senile, seborrheic, horny, follicular, solar keratoma and angiokeratoma.
Senile (senile) keratoma. The most common form of pathology, characterized by the appearance of single or multiple brown spots from 1 to 6 cm in diameter, localized in open areas of the skin. Formations tend to grow peripherally with changes in structure. Over time, the spot becomes convex due to infiltration and proliferation of individual areas of the keratoma, loose, soft, and sometimes slightly painful to the touch. Later, the keratoma begins to peel off, and follicular keratosis appears inside the growing tumor with the formation of hair follicle cysts. Injury to the tumor leads to bleeding, secondary infection, and inflammation. Senile keratoma can self-resolve or transform into a cutaneous horn, and therefore there is a tendency towards malignancy of the pathological process.
Seborrheic keratoma. Neoplasia, distinctive feature which is slow growth with the formation of multilayer crusts in the absence of weeping. The pathological process begins with the appearance of yellowish spots up to 3 cm in diameter, localized on the chest, shoulders, back, and scalp. Over time due to disruption sebaceous glands in the affected area, the spots are covered with loose crusty scales, which are easily separated from the surface of the neoplasm. Seborrheic keratomas rarely remain isolated from each other; they tend to cluster and grow peripherally. Along with them, the crusts also increase in size, begin to peel off, and become covered with cracks. The thickness of the crust scales reaches 1.5-2 td. The keratoma itself acquires a brown tint, its damage causes bleeding and pain. There was no tendency to spontaneous resolution or malignancy.
Horny keratoma (skin horn). A rare tumor-like neoplasm of horn cells. Initially, a hyperemic area appears on the skin, in the area of ​​which, due to compaction of the epidermis, a hyperkeratotic convex tubercle (up to 10 cm above the level of healthy skin) is formed, dense to the touch, with an uneven flaky surface and an inflammatory rim around the base. Most often, the cutaneous horn is a single neoplasm, but cases of multiple keratomas have also been described. Horny keratoma exists as an independent pathology or as a symptom accompanying other nosologies. Localized on the face, in the area of ​​the red border of the lips and genitals. A distinctive feature of keratoma corneum is its spontaneous malignancy.
Follicular keratoma is located around the hair follicles. The first manifestation of the pathology is a convex flesh-colored node with a diameter of no more than 1.5 cm with a rough surface. In the center of the formation there is a cone-shaped depression, sometimes covered with scales. Keratoma is localized in the area where hair follicles are located, most often on the face and scalp. Spontaneous malignancy is unlikely, but the tumor can recur even after radical removal.
Solar keratoma is a precancerous skin disease. The pathological process debuts with the appearance of many small scaly bright pink papules, which quite quickly transform into brown plaques with a wide inflammatory halo along the periphery. The scales covering the plaques are whitish, dense, rough, but are easily removed from the keratoma by scraping. Solar keratoma is localized mainly on the face. It has a tendency to spontaneous malignancy or spontaneous resolution of the pathological process with the subsequent appearance of a keratoma in the same place.