Sinus bradycardia according to ICD. Characteristics of sinus bradycardia: complex in simple words. Symptoms of intracranial pressure in a young patient

When fluid accumulates in a certain area of ​​the head, the patient is diagnosed with high intracranial pressure (ICP), in which the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid is impaired. The fluid is found in the ventricles of the spinal cord and brain, as well as between the cranial bones. Due to the cerebrospinal fluid, the gray matter is protected from overstrain and injury. A liquid is characterized by a constant pressure indicator. At the same time, its frequent renewal is observed, as a result of which it moves to different parts of the skull. But if fluid has accumulated in one intracranial area, then the intracranial pressure increases. A person is diagnosed with increased or decreased intracranial pressure. The change manifests itself for various reasons (usually after injury) and in any case the patient needs the help of a doctor.

Normal intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure indicators depend on how much cerebrospinal fluid is produced, how it circulates and how much it is absorbed by the cerebral venous sinuses.

In order to provide the brain with additional protection, there is a layer of special liquid around it - cerebrospinal fluid. U healthy people About a liter of fluid is produced per day. The normal rate is different for each age group. In children under two years of age, the normal ICP is considered to be up to 6 mmHg. Art., and in young patients from two years of age, intracranial pressure is normal if the indicator is 3-7 mm Hg. Art. In adults, the normal ICP is 5-7 mm Hg. Art. If this indicator is higher in an adult or child, this indicates impaired functioning of the body. According to ICD-10, the disease has code G93.2.

Return to contents

Reasons for changes in ICP

• impaired metabolic processes;
• vascular spasms;
• the presence of excess fluid in the body;
• manifestation of cerebral hypoxia;
• strokes;
• excess weight (often causes increased ICP);
• poisoning of the body (to one degree or another always affects ICP);
• benign or malignant neoplasms(and the pressure can be both low and high).

Return to contents

Symptoms in adult patients

Return to contents

Symptoms of intracranial pressure in a young patient

Increased cranial pressure in childhood associated with hydrocephalus, in which too much cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain. At the same time, the child lags behind in development, unlike his peers, he is constantly worried about something, and the baby’s gaze is directed not straight, but downward. In young patients, the following main symptoms of intracranial pressure appear:

• pulsation of fontanelles;
• the baby’s cranial bones diverge and the sutures increase;
• behavior changes: the little patient often cries, sleeps poorly, becomes irritable and moody;
• frequent vomiting, after which it does not get better;
• visual impairment appears;
• strabismus appears, eyeballs move little;
• coma may occur due to impaired consciousness;
• convulsions appear;
• head size changes;
• limbs move worse, and in some children they completely cease to function;
• When eating food, the patient regurgitates.

The clinical picture of the disease can manifest itself in two forms. In some cases, the first signs high pressure in the skull develop suddenly, while the little patient’s consciousness is impaired, leading to the development of coma. In such cases, the chance increases fatal outcome. In other cases, signs of intracranial pressure in a child develop gradually.

Return to contents

Rules for measuring ICP

When measuring intracranial pressure, special sensors are used.

In order to measure internal cranial pressure, the clinic uses special sensors. The hydraulic ventricular system is used to check the ICP in the cerebral ventricles. A catheter is inserted internally into them and connected to the system. In this case, treatment is possible. To measure parameters in the parenchyma, sensors are inserted into the frontal or temporal area. Intracranial pressure can also be determined indirectly by measuring it in the spinal subarachnoid zone, located in the waist region.

Return to contents

Diagnosis of the disease

Return to contents

Therapeutic measures for illness

Drug therapy

If the doctor makes a diagnosis on time, it is easier to help the patient because there are no complications.

To reduce elevated ICP or, conversely, increase it and restore the patient’s condition, the doctor prescribes a conservative medical complex. Prescribed for treatment sedatives, medications to normalize the condition of blood vessels. Diuretics are also prescribed, under the influence of which fluid outflows and intracranial pressure indicators decrease slightly. But with their help, severe ICP cannot be eliminated forever. If the patient wants to take a medicine that has been independently selected, there will be a risk of complications.

Return to contents

Treatment with traditional methods

Traditional methods of treatment are safer than the use of drugs, because they do not contain chemical compounds. To do this, use herbal infusions or decoctions that remove signs of the disease. An infusion for treatment is made from the leaves of valerian, hawthorn, mint, eucalyptus and motherwort. A tablespoon of the herbal mixture is poured with half a liter of vodka and left for a week, then filtered. You need to take the infusion 20 drops three times a day. A decrease in ICP will occur if the patient is treated with lavender decoction. To do this, take a tablespoon of herb and pour half a liter hot water, then leave for an hour and squeeze out. You need to drink the decoction once a day.

Return to contents

Surgical intervention

Depending on the cause of ICP, surgery may be prescribed.

The disease can be cured with surgery in cases where it appears due to tumors, injuries or hydrocephalus. The disease is treated by shunting, the purpose of which is to remove excess cerebrospinal fluid. Using a puncture, internal catheters are inserted, which can normalize intracranial pressure. Positive results observed after endoscopic surgery, because this method does not cause negative consequences in patients.

Return to contents

Negative consequences

It doesn’t matter what the cause of the increased pressure inside the skull is, the patient must treat the disease in any case. If the patient does not cure the signs of ICP in time, the disease will develop into chronic form. This is dangerous because this condition leads to stroke. Also, the danger is that the patient may experience paralysis or hemorrhage in the brain.

Return to contents

Prevention and prognosis

To prevent ICP from being constantly elevated, the patient must remember about prevention. To do this, it is recommended to monitor your daily routine, exercise, get rid of signs of illness in time, and monitor your diet. The patient should stop drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking, which have a detrimental effect on the condition of blood vessels. As practice shows, if a patient consults a doctor on time in the presence of unpleasant signs, then the prognosis is positive. But without treatment, the risk of death increases.

Neurocirculatory dystonia: causes, signs, types, treatment

Obviously, the essence of the numerous names of neurocirculatory dystonia syndrome (NCD) is the same - impaired autonomic regulation of primary organs reduces the quality of life, starting from childhood or adolescence, therefore NCD is considered a “youth” disease.

Most often, neurocirculatory dystonia (vegetative-vascular dystonia, vegetative-vascular dysfunction, vegetative dystonia syndrome) begins in the puberty period, when secondary sexual characteristics are just about to be determined, and hormones begin to be active in connection with the upcoming restructuring.

The disease, as a rule, is associated with certain causes, which gave impetus to a persistent disorder that remains for life and makes a person “neither sick nor healthy.”

Why does this happen?

The autonomic nervous system permeates the entire human body and is responsible for innervation internal organs and systems of lymph and blood circulation, digestion, respiration, excretion, hormonal regulation, as well as brain and spinal cord. In addition, the autonomic nervous system maintains the constancy of the internal environment and ensures the body’s adaptation to external conditions.

The operation of all systems is ensured by the equilibrium behavior of its two departments: sympathetic and parasympathetic. When the function of one department predominates over another, changes appear in the functioning of individual systems and organs. With this phenomenon, the adaptive abilities of the body naturally decrease.

Interestingly, damage to some organs and malfunction endocrine system can themselves lead to imbalance in the autonomic nervous system. Neurocirculatory dystonia is the result of an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, therefore the form of NCD depends on the predominance of a particular part of the ANS (sympathetic or parasympathetic).

The impetus to the disease

The question of why someone gets sick and someone doesn’t is inherent in NCD just like other diseases. In the etiology of neurocirculatory dystonia, the main factors can be identified:

The combination of several or all factors together leads to the body's reaction to stimuli. This reaction is responsible for the formation pathological conditions, which are manifested by violations:

1. Metabolic processes;
2. Innervation of internal organs;
3. Works gastrointestinal tract;
4. In the blood coagulation system;
5. Activities of the endocrine system.

The course of maternal pregnancy, hypoxia and birth trauma also have an impact negative impact on the state of the autonomic system and can cause neurocirculatory dystonia in children.

Inconsistency between the systems ultimately leads to a vascular response—their spasm. Thus, the manifestation of neurocirculatory dystonia begins.

Video: neurocirculatory dystonia - Dr. Komarovsky

Types of NDC

Neurocirculatory dystonia occurs differently in everyone. The essence of these phenomena lies in the predominance of a certain department of the vegetative nervous system and in the formation of the NDC type. One person’s heart hurts or “pops out”, another feels dizzy, just the temperature environment will change by a degree or two. And, if God forbid, there is excitement, stress or a sudden change in weather - the reaction is generally uncontrollable. The symptoms of neurocirculatory dystonia are vivid and varied, but the sensations are always unpleasant.

You can feel anything. Dizziness, lightheadedness, accompanied by nausea or an unpleasant “lump” in the stomach. The feeling is such that sometimes you want to lose consciousness in order to get relief later. Often, fainting is a salvation for some people, because after it comes a pleasant languor and relaxation...

Treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia is long-term, due to the undulating course of the process, and is aimed at preventing relapse. In addition, the complex medications directly depends on the type of NDC and changes from of cardio-vascular system.

Types of neurocirculatory dystonia are divided depending on blood pressure indicators:

• Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type – arterial pressure strives for promotion, regardless of age and circumstances;
• Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type - lethargy, weakness, decreased blood pressure and pulse;
• Neurocirculatory dystonia mixed type, it’s hard to keep track of how and when everything will turn out. The worst thing is that the patient does not know in advance and waits with trembling for either an increase or decrease in pressure.

Hypertensive type of NCD

Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type is characterized by an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system, expressed by the predominance of the tone of the sympathetic system over the parasympathetic department (sympathicotonia) and is expressed by:

1. Increased blood pressure;
2. Headaches that depend on physical activity and intensify with it;
3. Dizziness;
4. Dependence on weather conditions (headaches, rise in blood pressure);
5. Rapid heartbeat, sometimes intermittently;
6. Mitral valve prolapse with ultrasound examination hearts;
7. Violation of thermoregulation - high temperature bodies in children with infectious diseases;
8. Changes in the gastrointestinal tract in the form of weak peristalsis, and hence a tendency to constipation;
9. Insufficiency of the function of the lacrimal glands (“dry tears”);
10. Changes in mood (sadness and melancholy);
11. Fatigue quickly.

Hypotonic type of NCD

When the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system predominates (vagotonia), neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type develops, the main symptoms of which are:

1. Reduced blood pressure;
2. Rare pulse (bradycardia), which can quickly increase in speed (tachycardia);
3. Pain in the heart (cardialgia);
4. Dizziness;
5. Frequent fainting conditions, especially characteristic in the presence of neurocirculatory dystonia in children (mainly girls) during puberty;
6. Headaches associated with weather conditions, physical and mental stress;
7. Increased fatigue and low performance;
8. Biliary dyskinesia, which is associated with uneven and chaotic contraction of the gallbladder;
9. Digestive disorders (tendency to diarrhea and flatulence);
10. Violation of thermoregulation: decreased body temperature and prolonged low-grade fever due to infections in children;
11. Complaints of “shortness of breath” and “sighs”;
12. Tendency to allergic reactions;
13. Pallor skin(marbling), cyanosis of the extremities;
14. Cold sweat.

Mixed type of NDC - when there is no agreement between departments

Uncoordinated work of the sympathetic and parasympathetic departments leads to dysfunction of systems and organs. If the pressure “jumps”, if the complexion suddenly turns red or pale in a matter of minutes, if the body reacts unpredictably even to minor events, then a mixed type of neurocirculatory dysfunction can be suspected.

Signs of mixed-type neurocirculatory dystonia include symptoms characteristic of both hypotonic and hypertonic types. Which part of the autonomic nervous system will prevail at what moment, such signs will be inherent in the patient’s condition.

Video: how does NDC manifest itself?

Crises of neurocirculatory dystonia

Neurocirculatory dystonia, which arose in childhood, can become “enriched” with symptoms over time and in young people give more vivid vegetative manifestations in the form of crises. Attacks during neurocirculatory dystonia also depend on its type, although they often do not have a clear picture of the identity, but are of a mixed nature. High activity of the parasympathetic division of the ANS can cause a vagoinsular crisis, which is characterized by the following symptoms:

• Sweating and nausea;
• Sudden weakness and darkening of the eyes;
• Reduced blood pressure and body temperature;
• Slowing heart rate.

After a vagoinsular crisis, the patient still feels tired and weak for several days, and is periodically dizzy.

When the sympathetic department takes “primacy,” another type of neurocirculatory dysfunction develops. Neurocirculatory dystonia with sympathoadrenal crises makes itself felt by the sudden appearance of causeless fear, to which is quickly added:

1. Intensive headache;
2. Heartache;
3. Increased blood pressure and body temperature;
4. The appearance of chills;
5. Skin redness or pallor.

Video: how to deal with exacerbations of NCD?

Autonomic dysfunction and pregnancy

Although pregnancy is a physiological condition, it is then that neurocirculatory dystonia can manifest itself, occurring latently (hidden), because during pregnancy the body is rebuilt and prepares for the birth of a new life. Undergoing significant changes hormonal background– regulator of all pregnancy processes. The internal organs are “packed” differently, making room for the ever-expanding uterus. And all this is under the control of the autonomic nervous system, which could not always cope without such a load, but here...

Women suffering from NCD may find out they are pregnant even before the test, because the first sign may be fainting. Neurocirculatory dysfunction during pregnancy is more pronounced clinical picture, so pregnancy is more difficult.

Reaction to everything that is “wrong”, tears for every reason, heart pain and hysterics, decreased blood pressure, and it’s better not to get into transport... Pregnant women are often visited by a feeling of lack of air and stuffiness, and those with neurocirculatory dysfunction even know the “smell of fresh blows."

But everything may not be so bad and you shouldn’t be upset. There have been many cases of disappearance of manifestations of NCD after childbirth. What is the reason for this - either “restoring order” in a woman’s body, or a responsible occupation associated with caring for a baby - is unknown. But patients themselves often note that if they are distracted by important matters, the vegetative-vascular complex recedes.

Disease or syndrome?

When discussing vegetative-vascular disorders and what to call them, scientists still haven’t decided. Vegetative-vascular dystonia is considered a more correct name, since it expresses the pathogenesis of the disease. The most recent trend in defining this condition was the syndrome of vegetative dystonia, which did not therefore become an independent entity in International classification diseases (ICD).

The ICD 10 code for neurocirculatory dystonia is F45.3, where the letter F indicates a psychogenic origin, which, in general, is the case. According to the same classification, NCD is recognized not as a disease, but as a symptom complex that arises as a result of inadequate behavior of the autonomic nervous system (uncoordinated and unbalanced interaction of two parts of the ANS: sympathetic and parasympathetic). It is unlikely that people who are well acquainted with this complex of symptoms will “get better” from this, but today this is the case.

Vegetative-vascular dysfunction raises many questions when the time comes to repay one’s debt to the Motherland. How are neurocirculatory dystonia and military service compatible? As varied are the manifestations, so should be the approach.

Preparing for military duty: NDC and the army

Of course, some are so eager to join the ranks of defenders of the Fatherland that they forget about the disease. Or are they hiding? Others, on the contrary, having had an entry on their card since childhood - NDC, are trying to save themselves from military duties. In this regard, the commission’s approach should be objective and versatile. On the one hand, seeing a conscript for the first time, who does not show any complaints and is “eager to fight”, who is only identified by low or high (below 100/60 or above 160/100) blood pressure and obvious vegetative disorders on the “face”, in breathing and heart rhythms, you can satisfy his desire. However, a qualified commission must find out this for the first time, periodically or permanently. The situation is the same with those who present a lot of complaints, and only meager entries in the child’s card indicate illness. Of course, there is also an average: the clinic also has complaints indicating the presence of autonomic disorders. In all cases, the commission’s task is to find out:

• Are the complaints persistent?
• Is blood pressure persistently high or low?
• Do you have cardialgia and heart rhythm disturbances?
• To what extent do NCD symptoms affect a conscript’s performance?

To study the health status of a young person, related specialists (neurologist, cardiologist, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, otolaryngologist) are required to be involved.

In addition, when deciding on suitability for military service in the case of neurocirculatory dystonia, differential diagnosis with other diseases to clarify the diagnosis and exclude diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, heart and lungs, which may be similar to NCD in symptoms.

Who does “Farewell of the Slav” sound like?

For an objective approach to resolving the issue, the conscript is sent to a hospital for examination, after which he may be declared temporarily unfit under Article 48. In this case, the young man is subject to treatment for neurocirculatory dystonia, but if it turns out to be ineffective, and the symptoms indicate persistent disorders autonomic innervation, then the conscript is not subject to military service and receives a military ID with a mark of unfitness under Art. 47 "a".

The commission acts similarly with those young men who clearly have persistent vegetative-vascular disorders with an increase or decrease in pressure, there are clear signs of heart rhythm disturbances, and pain in the heart is constant.

Well, the one who had the only record of a disease of the autonomic nervous system, but did not confirm it, must go with honor to serve the Motherland and Fatherland. Ancient, but still unchanged and unique, the march of Vasily Ivanovich Agapkin with its solemnity will make his own mother and his beloved girl cry... Nothing terrible - a little time will pass and yesterday’s healthy, mature and self-confident conscript will return home, completely forgetting about the illness.

And yet: what to do with it?

We can talk about neurocirculatory dystonia for a long time and a lot, fortunately there are numerous names for this pathology, and this allows for diversity. But those who have such “happiness” are looking for ways to escape from this symptom complex, which pretty much poisons life and manifests itself in the most unforeseen situations. In general, a significant part of humanity is occupied with the question of how to treat neurocirculatory dystonia, which has a dozen other names. After all, changing the name will not affect the patient’s well-being in any way.

Oddly enough, vegetative-vascular dysfunction does not like physical inactivity. And despite the fact that the manifestations of the disease are especially noticeable after physical activity, physical exercise not only does not harm the patient, but is also indicated. True, we should be talking about purposeful, physical therapy, dosed and deliberate.

Mandatory adherence to the work and rest regime is also an integral part of the treatment process. Of course, work in night shift, lack of sleep, spending a long time near the monitor are unlikely to help you feel light in your head and body. But fresh air, calm evening walks, a warm bath with soothing herbs, on the contrary, will provide good healthy sleep and improve your mood.

Patients should pay attention to their psycho-emotional state Special attention. Avoid stressful situations, engage in auto-training, take soothing tea and do everything possible to create a calm, friendly environment at home and in the team for yourself and those around you.

No matter how trivial it may sound, diet also plays a significant role here. Neurocirculatory dystonia does not like spices, spicy foods, or alcohol. Anything that excites the nervous system can aggravate the process, so it is better to avoid excesses and not overexert yourself. But foods rich in potassium (eggplants, potatoes, bananas, prunes and apricots) will “like” the “capricious” nervous system.

Treatment prescribed by a doctor

It is highly advisable to carry out drug treatment for neurocirculatory disorders with general health measures and physiotherapy. Therapeutic massage, electrophoresis with sedatives on the collar area, electrosleep and a circular shower will help strengthen the nervous system and give the positive emotions that patients with neurocirculatory dystonia so need.

What a wonderful procedure - acupuncture. Using it, you can stop taking medications for a long time and feel great only thanks to the annual repetition of acupuncture. Thin gold or platinum needles placed in the neuromuscular bundles will lead to long-term and stable remission, and the disease will recede...

Vitamin therapy and an antioxidant complex (Doctor Theiss, Gerovital, etc.) will be an excellent addition to general strengthening measures.

Medicines for the treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia are taken on the recommendation of a doctor and prescribed by him. No advice from friends or the Internet is inappropriate here, since drug treatment is prescribed taking into account blood pressure, the presence of cardialgia and the state of the heart rhythm. It is clear that it will help the patient with high blood pressure, it can have a detrimental effect on the condition of a person with low blood pressure, so it is unlikely that hypotonic type Egilok (beta-blocker) will be indicated. Drugs that regulate heart rate are serious and require special care, so “amateur” in such cases is useless.

Often, patients with autonomic disorders are prescribed drugs from the group of tranquilizers - adaptol, afobazole, grandaxin. Has a remarkable impact herbal preparation Gelarium, which has antidepressant properties. To relieve spasms, bellataminal is often prescribed, which also gives a sedative effect.

Hawthorn, valerian, motherwort – alcoholic infusions of these plants are very familiar to patients with neurocirculatory dystonia; they are constantly stored in the home medicine cabinet and serve as an “ambulance”.

Video: expert opinion about NDC

How can traditional medicine help?

The variety of recipes for treating neurocirculatory dystonia with folk remedies is even more striking than the variety clinical manifestations. Contrasting souls breathing exercises Tibetan monks and the Austrian healer Rudolf Breuss are undoubtedly wonderful, but for some reason the people prefer the Russian “creation”. A popular drink made from the church “Cahors” and a mixture of garlic, lemon, beet, carrot and radish juices, flavored with natural honey, is passed down “from mouth to mouth and from generation to generation.”

However, to treat NCD with folk remedies, one should not forget about pressure, so traditional healers also recommend different treatment. For example, for high blood pressure, people use infusions of mint and white birch leaves, calendula flowers and dill seeds. Alcohol infusions of magnolia and mistletoe are good for reducing blood pressure.

Strong tea and coffee are not recommended for the hypertensive type of NCD, but in the morning you can drink amazing tea prepared at home:

• Dry blueberries, chokeberry, currants and barberries are taken in equal parts, ground, mixed and consumed, poured with boiling water.

At normal indicators blood pressure and a tendency to decrease, prepare infusions of elecampane and immortelle, drink freshly squeezed juices of carrots and rose hips. They say it helps a lot.

Of course, valerian root (you can take it internally, you can take baths), hawthorn, hot milk with honey at night - everyone knows. Such folk remedies There are, perhaps, in every home, even where neurocirculatory disorders are not found.

How is the diagnosis made?

Autonomic dystonia syndrome is not based only on patient complaints. Before the doctor makes a diagnosis, the patient must undergo tests and undergo instrumental examinations, so the main stages “on the path” to NCD will be:

1. General blood and urine tests, which do not deviate from the norm for this disease;
2. Blood pressure profile for 10-14 days to establish the type of NCD;
3. Ultrasound of the kidneys and heart to exclude independent diseases of these organs;
4. Rheoencephalography;
5. ECG, FCG, echoCG;
6. Consultations with an endocrinologist, otolaryngologist, neurologist, ophthalmologist.

In addition, to determine the cause, there is often a need for a detailed study of the function of the kidneys, adrenal glands, hypothalamus and thyroid gland.

High diastolic pressure with normal systolic pressure is just as dangerous as high systolic pressure with normal diastolic pressure.

The question arises why hypertension is now “getting younger.” The answer lies in an inactive lifestyle and poor diet.

The main ways to combat abnormal blood pressure levels are drug treatment and alternative medicine.

Causes of increased diastolic pressure

As you know, blood pressure is measured using the Korotkoff method. Upper (systolic) pressure is an indicator of blood pressure in the vessels during the period of contraction (systole) of the ventricles of the heart. Its level depends on the condition of the myocardium and the speed of heart contraction. Lower (diastolic) pressure is an indicator of the pressure maintained in the vessels during relaxation (diastole) of the heart. The main role in the values ​​of diastolic blood pressure is played by the elasticity and tone of the arteries.

The difference between upper and lower pressure is called pulse pressure. Its norm is 30-40 mmHg. Deviation in any direction leads to disruption of the blood supply to the tissue structures of all internal organs, and also increases the load on the arteries and heart.

When there is high systolic pressure and increased diastolic pressure, this indicates hypertension. But high lower pressure is considered no less dangerous. Normal values ​​for systolic pressure are 120-129 mmHg, and for diastolic pressure - 60-90 mmHg. depending on the characteristics of the adult’s body.

In adolescents and young adults, the values ​​may be slightly different: the upper value is 129 mmHg, and the lower value is 69 mmHg. In older people, the increase in systolic pressure should not exceed 140 mmHg.

There is more than one reason why lower pressure increases:

• cardiovascular pathologies;
• diseases of the spinal canals;
• atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels;
• endocrine disorders;
• renal failure;
• disruption of the adrenal glands;
• alcohol abuse;
• strong emotional stress;
• fluid retention in the body.

In addition, there are certain factors that increase the risk of abnormal blood pressure. These include genetic predisposition, age, since problems occur more often in older people, gender, since women suffer from heart pathologies much less often than men, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Signs and consequences of increased diastole

At first arterial hypertension practically does not appear at all.

As a rule, the first symptoms are malaise, weakness, fatigue; these signs can be felt in the second or third degree of arterial hypertension.

Hypertension degree

Indicators, mmHg.

Constant migraine, dizziness. The main signs of high diastolic pressure are:

1. A sharp increase in blood pressure (hypertensive crisis)
2. Nosebleeds.
3. Deterioration of vision.
4. Lethargy, fatigue, poor sleep.

If you notice similar symptoms, you should seek help. medical care to a specialist. Treatment of the disease must be immediate and effective so as not to affect the onset of heart attack, stroke and other consequences.

At high values, it is necessary to reduce systolic pressure and diastolic pressure as well, since over time this leads to excessive stress on the vascular walls. An extremely undesirable outcome is their rupture and hemorrhage.

Constant hypertension leads to wear and tear of the heart muscle.

Basics of drug treatment

The most effective method When dealing with high blood pressure, drug therapy is used.

The doctor prescribes one drug or another based on the characteristics of the patient’s body and the degree of hypertension.

There are several classes of drugs that help urgently reduce elevated systolic pressure with normal diastolic pressure and vice versa:

Class of drugs and their names

Indications

Contraindications

Each medicine has a list of contraindications and adverse reactions, therefore they are taken only after mandatory consultation with a doctor.

Principles of traditional medicine

Folk remedies cannot cure hypertension, but they can remove its symptoms and return blood pressure levels to normal.

There is no “magic pill” for all ailments. It takes persistence and a lot of effort to prevent the complications of hypertension. It is also necessary to exercise daily and eat healthy foods.

There are many answers to the question of how to reduce systolic pressure quickly at home and vice versa:

1. Garlic tincture. 40 g of cloves are poured with 100 g of alcohol. The mixture is infused for 7 days, shaken daily. Then the cloves are removed, and a couple of mint leaves are placed in the alcohol. To lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, you need to drink 20 drops of tincture, diluted with three tbsp. spoons of water, before meals in the morning, at lunch and in the evening.
2. Magnolia tincture. 100 g leaves medicinal plant pour 1 liter of vodka and leave for about three weeks. The contents in the container are shaken every two days. The tincture should be strained and taken 1 tbsp. spoon before meals three times a day.
3. Infusion of rowan fruits. Two teaspoons of crushed fruits must be poured into a glass of boiling water. After half an hour, the infusion is filtered and cooled. The main condition to prevent blood pressure surges is to take 3 tbsp. spoons 2 times a day.

The best modern remedy from hypertension and high blood pressure. 100% guarantee of pressure control and excellent prevention!

ASK A QUESTION TO THE DOCTOR

how can I call you?:

Email (not published)

Subject of the question:

Last questions for specialists:

• Do IVs help with hypertension?
• If you take Eleutherococcus, does it lower or increase your blood pressure?
• Is it possible to treat hypertension with fasting?
• How much pressure should be reduced in a person?

"Egilok" for low blood pressure (BP) is prescribed only by the attending physician. The doctor himself must determine the dose and number of doses after a complete examination of the patient. Self-medication can end badly, because each drug has its own contraindications. The information about the medicine given below is for informational purposes only, as this is a simplified form of instructions.

Composition, varieties and release forms

The composition of the medicine includes:

• active ingredient metoprolol;
• auxiliary – magnesium stearate, povidone, silicon dioxide, sodium starch glycolate, microcrystalline cellulose.

"Egilok" is produced in tablet form, dosage of 25, 50 and 100 mg. Packs contain 20, 30, 60, 100 tablets. They are white, round, odorless.

pharmachologic effect

Metoprolol is a pharmaceutical. group of selective beta1-blockers. This means that it only blocks beta1-adrenergic receptors of the heart and blood vessels. The substance reduces heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac contractility and causes a decrease in blood pressure. It has a pronounced hypotensive effect and is quite long-lasting. This is due to reduced peripheral vascular resistance due to blocking of the same beta1-adrenergic receptors. In patients with hypertension Systematic administration of the drug reduces the volume of the hypertrophied left ventricle and improves its diastolic function. Hypertensive patients also reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death. "Egilok" reduces the myocardium's need for oxygen, which reduces the severity of symptoms during coronary disease hearts. In patients after a heart attack, it reduces the risk of developing a recurrent attack. It also prevents the development of ventricular fibrillation.

Egilok represents medicinal product from the group of beta1-blockers, which has antianginal, hypotensive and antiarrhythmic effects

Does Egilok reduce blood pressure or not?

Since metoprolol blocks adrenergic receptors of the heart and blood vessels, they stop responding to the work of adrenergic systems to increase pressure. The muscle fibers of the blood vessels relax, thereby reducing their resistance. Due to the decrease in all cardiac functions, blood pressure also decreases.

"Egilok" at low pressure

This medicine should not be taken by patients with chronic hypotension (pressure below 90/60). Active substance The drug depresses the heart, reduces the strength and frequency of heart contractions. It also acts on vascular receptors and reduces peripheral vascular resistance. As a result of such processes, blood pressure drops even more and bradycardia appears - a slowdown in heart rate. Bradycardia in many cases worsens hemodynamics, resulting in hypoxia, all tissues of the body suffer from a lack of oxygen. First of all, the tissue of the nervous system reacts to oxygen starvation. The central nervous system is depressed and the person may lose consciousness due to an acute disorder of cerebral circulation.

Indications of the drug "Egilok" for blood pressure:

• arterial hypertension;
• angina pectoris;
• hypertonic disease;
• all types of arrhythmias, with the exception of bradyforms;
• migraine prevention;
• is part of the combination treatment of hyperthyroidism.

All varieties of the drug Egilok have antiarrhythmic, hypotensive and antianginal effects

How to take Egilok for high blood pressure

Take the drug orally, regardless of food intake. "Egilok" - instructions for use, at what pressure to take it, indicate in more detail. The initial dose is 25–50 mg; if the effectiveness is insufficient, the dose can be increased to 200 mg. After starting metoprolol therapy, blood pressure and heart rate should be measured daily in order to detect in advance side effects and stop the drug. Later, you can carry out monitoring once a month. The drug should be discontinued gradually to prevent the development of withdrawal syndrome.

It is best to reduce the dosage over 2 weeks. Abruptly stopping the drug increases the risk of fatal heart attacks.

Dosages

The dose must be set by the doctor individually for each patient. For different pathologies, different doses are used:

1. Arterial hypertension. It is recommended to take 100 mg per day in the morning or 50 mg in the morning and evening.
2. Angina pectoris. 25–50 mg 2-3 times a day.
3. Arrhythmia. 50 mg 3 times a day, if necessary, add another antiarrhythmic drug.
4. In cases of myocardial infarction, 50 mg is prescribed every 6 hours for 2 days. Then the same dose (200 mg) for 2 doses. The treatment course is at least 3 months.
5. Hyperthyroidism. 50 mg 4 times a day.
6. Migraine. 200 mg for 2 doses per day. The course of treatment should be gradually discontinued once the desired effect is achieved.

Tablets of any type of Egilok should be swallowed whole, without chewing or crushing in any other way.

During pregnancy and lactation

"Egilok" is not recommended for use during pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Since metoprolol can cross the placental barrier and be excreted in breast milk, side effects may occur in the fetus or child. Beta blockers reduce placental blood flow, which can lead to fetal growth retardation. But if a woman takes a minimal dose of metoprolol, then the amount of it in breast milk is negligible and does not lead to any changes in the child.

If the drug cannot be discontinued during pregnancy or breastfeeding, the child's condition should be actively monitored and if any changes in cardiac activity occur, the drug should be discontinued.

Compatibility with other drugs

It is strictly forbidden to combine Egilok with calcium antagonists, Diltiazem and antiarrhythmic drugs. Due to the increase inotropic effect the risk of cardiac arrest increases. Inhalational anesthetics increase cardiac depression. Indomethacin reduces the hypotensive effect of the drug. Rifampicin, Cimetidine, alcohol and Sertraline reduce the amount of metoprolol in the blood. Barbiturates speed up the processing of metoprolol, so you should not combine them. Quinidine, Terbinafine, Paroxetine reduce the amount of metoprolol in the blood. Concomitant use metoprolol with nitrates (“Nitroglycerin”) increases the risk of hypotension and bradycardia. Combination with Diltiazem causes bradycardia.

Impact on the ability to operate machinery

Metoprolol reduces the rate of physical and mental reactions. Increased risk of developing side effects from the body, such as dizziness and increased fatigue. During the period of treatment, you need to stop working with various mechanisms where a quick reaction is necessary, for example, driving Vehicle, maintenance and work on machines, work at height, etc.

Egilok prolongs the effects of indirect anticoagulants

Contraindications

You should take Egilok with caution when diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, allergies, kidney and liver diseases, depression.

• impaired sensitivity to the ingredients of the drug;
• age under 18 years;
• arterial hypotension;
• cardiogenic shock;
• sinus bradycardia (heart rate less than 60 beats per minute);
• cases of atrioventricular block II or III degree;
• acute myocardial infarction;
• peripheral circulatory disorders;
• bronchial asthma in the acute stage.

Symptoms in case of overdose

The first symptoms appear in periods of time from 20 minutes to 2 hours after taking Egilok. The lethal dose for an adult is 7.5 g. Causes collapse and cardiac arrest.

Overdose with any variety of Egilok is possible

Symptoms:

• hypotension,
• dizziness,
• bradycardia,
• asystole,
• nausea,
• AB blockade,
• vomit,
• cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes,
• fainting,
• convulsions,
• coma.

First aid:

• gastric lavage,
• taking sorbents,
• monitoring heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate,
• hospitalization in the intensive care unit.

Side effects

1. Weight gain.
2. Psyche and central nervous system – sleep deterioration, depression, nervousness. Dizziness, headache, deterioration of sensitivity and impaired sense of smell.
3. Sense organs – blurred vision, dry eyes, inflammation of the conjunctiva, hearing loss and tinnitus.
4. Cardiovascular system - decreased heart rate, AB blockade of I, II or III degree, arrhythmias, Raynaud's syndrome, hypotension.
5. Skin – itching, urticaria, psoriasis, skin rash, increased sweating.
6. Musculoskeletal system – muscle pain, muscle weakness.
7. From the reproductive system - decreased potency, Peyronie's disease.

Anti-pressure tablets "Equator"

Pressure captopress: instructions for use

Instructions for use of Lorist, at what pressure to take?

Instructions for use of the drug "Co-Perineva" for blood pressure

Tablets for normalizing blood pressure

Does Afobazole increase or decrease blood pressure?

Noliprel blood pressure tablets

Magnesium to lower blood pressure

Sinus bradycardia(SB) is caused by a violation of the ability of the sinoatrial node to generate electrical impulses with a frequency of more than 60 per minute. In 25% of healthy young men, the heart rate is between 60 and 50 per minute; During sleep, heart rate decreases by 30%.

Code according to the international classification of diseases ICD-10:

• R00. 1 - Bradycardia, unspecified

Classification

Sinus bradycardia: Signs, Symptoms

Clinical manifestations

Sinus bradycardia: Diagnosis

ECG - identification- Heart rate is less than 60 per minute, each P wave corresponds to a QRS complex. Characteristic frequent combination SB with respiratory arrhythmia.

Sinus bradycardia: Treatment methods

Treatment

ICD-10. R00. 1 Bradycardia unspecified

Did this article help you? Yes - 0 No - 0 If the article contains an error Click here 386 Rating:

Click here to add a comment to: Sinus bradycardia(Diseases, description, symptoms, folk recipes and treatment)

Excluded: bradycardia NOS (R00.1) complicating conditions. abortion, ectopic or molar pregnancy (O00-O07, O08.8). obstetric surgical interventions and procedures (O75.4) cardiac arrhythmias in the newborn (P29.1)

I49.0 Ventricular fibrillation and flutter

I49.1 Premature atrial depolarization

Premature atrial contractions

I49.2 Premature depolarization originating from the junction

I49.3 Premature ventricular depolarization

I49.4 Other and unspecified premature depolarization

Ectopic systoles Extrasystoles Extrasystolic arrhythmia Premature. abbreviations NOS. compression

Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome

I49.8 Other specified cardiac arrhythmias

Rhythm disturbance. coronary sinus. ectopic. nodal

I49.9 Heart rhythm disorder, unspecified

Diltiazem: instructions, use and formula

Russian name

Diltiazem

The Latin name of the substance is Diltiazem

Diltiazemum ( genus. Diltiazemi)

Chemical name

(2S-cis)-3-(Acetoxy)-5--2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one (as hydrochloride)

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

Characteristics of the substance Diltiazem

A benzothiazepine derivative. White or off-white crystalline powder with a bitter taste. Insensitive to light. Soluble in water, methanol, chloroform.

Pharmacology

Pharmacological action - antianginal, hypotensive, antiarrhythmic.

Blocks voltage-gated L-type calcium channels and inhibits the entry of calcium ions into the depolarization phase of cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. As a result of inhibition of the slow depolarizing flow of calcium into the cells of excitable tissues, the formation of the action potential is inhibited and the “excitation-contraction” process is uncoupled. Reduces myocardial contractility, reduces heart rate and slows AV conduction. Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, lowers peripheral vascular resistance. Has a dose-dependent antihypertensive effect in mild and moderate hypertension. The degree of reduction in blood pressure correlates with the level of hypertension (in people with normal blood pressure there is only a minimal decrease in blood pressure). The hypotensive effect is manifested in both horizontal and vertical positions. Rarely causes postural hypotension and reflex tachycardia. Does not change or slightly reduce maximum heart rate during exercise.

Long-term therapy is not accompanied by hypercatecholaminemia or increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Reduces the renal and peripheral effects of angiotensin II. The antianginal effect is due to a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand due to a decrease in heart rate and systemic blood pressure. vasodilation of epicardial vessels, the ability to eliminate coronary spasm. Relaxes the smooth muscles of the coronary vessels in a concentration that does not cause a negative inotropic effect. Efficacy in supraventricular tachycardias is associated with an increase (by 20%) in the effective and functional refractory period of the AV node and an extension of conduction time in the AV node (with normal heart rate, the effect on the AV node is minimal). Slows the ventricular rate in patients with high frequency ventricular contractions during atrial fibrillation and flutter. Restores normal sinus rhythm in case of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, interrupts the circulation of excitation of the re-entry type in case of junctional tachycardias and tachycardias with reciprocal conduction, incl. WPW syndrome e. Long-term use is accompanied by a slight increase in the sinoatrial PR interval on the ECG. In case of sick sinus syndrome, it significantly increases the duration of the sinus cycle. With atrial fibrillation and flutter under bolus administration, it effectively reduces heart rate (by at least 20% in 95% of patients). The effect usually occurs within 3 minutes and reaches a maximum within 2-7 minutes. The slowdown in rhythm persists for 1-3 hours. With long-term infusion administration, a decrease in heart rate by 20% is observed in 83% of patients and persists after administration for a period of 0.5 hours to 10 hours. Efficiency in restoring sinus rhythm in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias is 88 % for 3 min. In patients with severe changes in the left ventricular myocardium (heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), contractility, final dBP in the left ventricle and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure do not change. Has minimal effect on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. Long-term (8 months) therapy is not accompanied by the development of tolerance and changes in the plasma lipid profile. Can cause regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with arterial hypertension. At usual therapeutic doses it does not affect mortality, but in patients with signs of pulmonary congestion it increased the incidence of cardiovascular complications by 40%. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, thrombolytic therapy with plasminogen activator increased the incidence of hemorrhagic complications by 5 times.

Well (more than 90% of the dose) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is 40% (the “first pass” effect through the liver is pronounced). Cmax is achieved in 2-4 hours (table), 3.9-4.3 hours (180 mg capsules), 5-7 hours (retard table), 6-14 hours (extended capsules). Volume of distribution 5.3 l/kg. T1/2 is 1-3 hours (with intravenous administration), 3-4.5 hours (table), 5-7 hours (table retard), 7.3-14.7 hours (caps. 180 mg). Binds to plasma proteins by 70-80% (40% with acidic alpha glycoprotein, 30% with albumin). The action develops within 3 minutes with rapid intravenous administration, after 2-3 hours (long-term capsules) or 30-60 minutes (table) when administered orally. The duration of action when taken orally is 4-8 hours (table) and 12-24 hours (extended capsules). Metabolized in the liver by deacetylation, demethylation with the participation of cytochrome P450 (in addition to conjugation). The two main metabolites found in plasma after oral administration are deacetyldiltiazem and desmethyldiltiazem. The deacetylated metabolite has the properties of a coronary vasodilator (plasma concentration is 10-20%, activity is 25-50% of that of diltiazem), and is capable of accumulation. With a single intravenous administration, these metabolites are not detected in plasma. It is concentrated in bile and undergoes enterohepatic circulation. Excretion (including metabolites) is carried out mainly through the gastrointestinal tract (65%) and to a lesser extent by the kidneys (35%). 5 metabolites and 2-4% of unchanged drug are determined in the urine. Passes into breast milk. With prolonged oral administration, bioavailability increases and clearance decreases, which leads to increased therapeutic effects and side effects.

Based on results obtained in 21-24 month experiments on rats and mice and in bacterial tests in vitro, does not have carcinogenic or mutagenic activity. In experiments on rats, mice, rabbits, when using doses 5-10 times higher than the recommended daily doses for humans, it caused the death of embryos and fetuses, decreased survival of newborn rats and the development of skeletal abnormalities. At doses 20 or more times higher than recommended for humans, it increased the incidence of stillbirths in experimental animals.

Possible use in transplantology: after kidney transplantation (prevention of graft failure), during immunosuppressive therapy (to reduce the nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine A).

Use of the substance Diltiazem

Angina pectoris (stable, vasospastic); prevention of coronary spasm during coronary angiography or coronary artery bypass surgery; arterial hypertension (monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs), incl. after suffered a heart attack myocardium (mainly retard forms, when beta-blockers are contraindicated), in patients with concomitant angina (if there are contraindications to the use of beta-blockers), in patients with diabetic nephropathy(when ACE inhibitors are contraindicated); paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, severe arterial hypotension (SBP less than 90 mm Hg), cardiogenic shock, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (clinical and radiological signs of pulmonary congestion, left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35-40%), incl. at acute heart attack myocardium, sinus bradycardia (less than 55 beats/min), sick sinus syndrome (if a pacemaker is not implanted), sinoatrial and AV block of the II-III degree (without a pacemaker), WPW syndrome and Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome with paroxysmal fibrillation or atrial flutter (except for patients with a pacemaker), pregnancy, breastfeeding.

Restrictions on use

Sinoatrial and AV block of the first degree, severe aortic stenosis, intraventricular disturbance of excitation conduction (blockade of the left or right leg His bundle), chronic heart failure, renal and/or liver failure, elderly age, children's (efficacy and safety of use have not been determined) age.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Contraindicated during pregnancy.

Breastfeeding should be stopped during treatment.

Side effects of the substance Diltiazem

From the cardiovascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): transient hypotension; bradycardia, conduction disorder I degree, decrease in cardiac output, palpitations, fainting, eosinophilia.

From the nervous system and sensory organs: headache, dizziness, weakness, feeling tired.

From the outside genitourinary system: peripheral edema, impaired potency (individual cases).

From the gastrointestinal tract: dyspeptic symptoms (constipation or diarrhea, nausea, heartburn, etc. more often in elderly patients), hyperplasia of the gum mucosa (rarely).

From the skin: sweating, redness of the skin.

Allergic reactions: skin rash and itching, rarely - exudative erythema multiforme.

Other: increased activity of transaminases (ALT. AST), LDH and alkaline phosphatase. hyperglycemia (selected cases).

Interaction

Increases plasma levels of carbamazepine, theophylline, cyclosporine A, digoxin. May enhance the inhibitory effect of anesthetics on contractility, conductivity and automaticity of the heart. Weakens the nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine A. Cimetidine increases the plasma level of diltiazem, digoxin potentiates the effectiveness in the tachysystolic form atrial fibrillation. Antiarrhythmic drugs and beta-blockers contribute to the development of bradycardia, AV conduction disorders, and symptoms of heart failure. Antihypertensive drugs enhance the hypotensive effect. Diltiazem solution is incompatible with furosemide solution.

Overdose

Symptoms: bradycardia, hypotension, intracardiac block and heart failure.

Treatment: gastric lavage, appointment activated carbon, plasmapheresis and hemoperfusion using activated carbon. Calcium preparations (calcium gluconate) have antidote properties when administered intravenously, symptomatic therapy- administration of atropine, isoproterenol, dopamine or dobutamine, diuretics, fluid infusion. At high degrees AV blockade may require electrical cardiac stimulation.

Directions for use and doses

Inside, without chewing, 30 mg 3-4 times a day; if necessary - up to 240 mg/day. Against the background of impaired renal or liver function, in old age the initial dose is 60 mg/day in 2 divided doses. Long-acting dosage forms: 90 mg 2-3 times a day or 120-180 mg 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours, or 200-300 mg 1 time a day. Maximum daily dose- 360 mg.

Precautions for the substance Diltiazem

Against the background of the reception dosage forms Long-acting, intravenous administration of beta-blockers is not recommended. It should be used with caution to normalize the heart rhythm in patients with impaired hemodynamics or in conjunction with drugs that reduce peripheral vascular resistance. myocardial contractility and conductivity. Parenteral administration is possible if facilities and equipment (including a defibrillator) are available to provide emergency assistance. With prolonged intravenous administration, constant monitoring of ECG and blood pressure is necessary.

Year of last adjustment

Clinical picture

Aneurysms of the ascending aorta and aortic arch

An aortic aneurysm is understood as a local expansion of the aortic lumen by a factor of 2 or more compared to that in the unchanged immediate section.

The classification of aneurysms of the ascending aorta and arch is based on their location, shape, causes of formation, and the structure of the aortic wall.

Blood lipid disorders occupy a leading place in the list of risk factors for major diseases.

With sinus bradycardia, the heart rate slows down. This condition can also occur in healthy people. Sinus bradycardia (sinus or sinusoidal) affects mainly children and women during pregnancy. The heart rate (HR) in the presence of pathology is below 60 beats per minute.

In the article we will look at this deviation of the heart rhythm: what is it, should we be afraid and how to identify it in time in children and adults (men and women) of different ages?

The pathology often occurs without pronounced symptoms. In some cases, sinus bradycardia is accompanied by dizziness and chest pain. At severe form pathology, confusion may occur.

The disease code according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 is R00.1 (bradycardia, unspecified). The pathology is included in a section devoted to deviations from the normal heart rhythm.

Two types of disease

There are two types of bradycardia:

1. as a normal phenomenon;
2. as a symptom of chronic diseases.

Heart rate may become slower due to exposure to a variety of environmental factors. In this case, it can be considered a variant of the norm. Bradycardia may indicate the presence of serious illnesses, in particular heart failure.

As normal

Your heart rate may slow down during sleep. Sinus bradycardia often occurs when performing heavy physical work. A slowdown in heart rate can occur if the patient is in a supine position for more than a day.

The presence of physiological bradycardia is indicated by the following symptoms:

• there are no signs of illness;
• the heart rate (HR) reaches approximately 50 beats per minute;
• The pulse during bradycardia is in most cases smooth. The patient does not complain of arrhythmia.

As a symptom of illness

The presence of sinus bradycardia, which is a symptom of the disease, can be assumed in the following situations:

• the heart rate slows down in a paroxysmal manner;
• the patient has arrhythmia - heartbeats occur at irregular periods of time;
• the patient's well-being noticeably deteriorates.

ECG symptoms and signs

The diagnosis may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. dyspnea;
2. weakness;
3. drowsiness;
4. rapid breathing;
5. lethargy.

In the presence of sinus bradycardia ECG decoding there is a characteristic change (increase) in the interval between the upper teeth R-R. The interval on the P-Q cardiogram has a normal duration.

U women Bradycardia most often occurs during pregnancy. During this period, a representative of the fair sex may experience strong nervous tension. Sinus bradycardia can also occur during menopause. During menopause, the production of sex hormones stops.

U men Bradycardia most often occurs due to heavy physical work.

Causes

Sinus bradycardia can occur due to the following reasons:

1. poisoning with salts of heavy metals;
2. presence of neurocircular dystonia;
3. alcohol abuse;
4. smoking;
5. drug use.

Sinus bradycardia is also observed with a heart attack, damage to the lining of the heart muscle.

Pathology can also occur when taking medications that slow the heart rate. Similar medications include: Metoprolol, Asparkam.

The occurrence of the disease is facilitated by renal and liver failure.

What happens?

Eat various shapes diseases. Moderate sinus bradycardia occurs mainly in children. It is accompanied by the occurrence of respiratory arrhythmia. The toxic form of the disease is observed with severe poisoning, the medicinal form is observed with long-term use of certain medications.

How to treat cardiac arrhythmia (CHR)?

Treatment of the disease includes 2 main phases:

1. providing emergency assistance if available acute form diseases and elimination of complications;
2. treatment of diseases that provoked the development of sinus bradycardia.

Drug treatment

If the patient has sinus bradycardia, tablets from the group of anticholinergic drugs can be used. In case of frequent fainting and a sharp deterioration in the patient’s condition, a pacemaker is installed.

If the cause of the pathology is poisoning with toxic substances, detoxification therapy can be carried out.

Important! If your heart rate has become slower due to medications, it is recommended to reduce the dosage of the appropriate medications.

Treatment with folk remedies

If you have sinus bradycardia, you can use the following recipes:

1. Lemons are washed and doused with boiling water. Juice is squeezed out of citrus fruits. After this, you need to peel 10 heads of garlic, which are crushed to a paste consistency. The resulting mass is mixed with lemon juice until smooth. After this you need to add 1 liter of honey. It is recommended to infuse the product in the refrigerator for 10 days. It is recommended to take 40 ml three times a day before meals. The duration of treatment is determined individually.
2. When preparing a yarrow decoction, it is recommended to pour 50 grams of plant material into 450 ml warm water. It is recommended to bring the resulting mixture to a boil over low heat. The product is boiled over low heat for 10 minutes. After this, the drink is infused for 60 minutes. It is recommended to strain the medicinal decoction using a sieve. It is recommended to use 10 ml of the product three times a day. Average duration treatment is 30 days.

Attack and first aid

With bradycardia, the heart rate may slow down to 20 beats per minute. The following symptoms may occur:

• decreased sensitivity of the limbs;
• anxiety;
• fast fatiguability;
• blue lips;
• loss of consciousness;
• emergence dark circles before your eyes;
• the appearance of tinnitus;
• occurrence of cold sweat.

During an attack, the patient’s well-being gradually deteriorates. Initially there are no adverse symptoms.

If an attack occurs, it is necessary to provide first aid to the patient:

1. the patient is advised to take a supine position. His clothes are unbuttoned;
2. it is necessary to ensure a flow of fresh air into the room and call an ambulance;
3. if the patient is conscious, it is recommended to give him Zelenin drops. If the patient's pulse slows down, atropine sulfate is used as an injection.

What is dangerous, consequences and complications

A slow heart rate can cause the following complications:

• cardiac arrest;
• the appearance of signs of heart failure;
• injuries (loss of consciousness);
• deterioration of blood supply to the brain;
• heart attack;
• the occurrence of ischemia.

Useful video

Cardiologist in 2 minutes in simple words For easy understanding, he will tell you about sinus bradycardia, what it means in an adult, what are the main causes and signs of rhythm deviation.

Conclusion

To prevent the occurrence of pathology, it is recommended to stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. You should eat right. To prevent the occurrence of sinus bradycardia, it is recommended to exercise regularly and promptly treat relevant chronic diseases.

In contact with