Mycoplasma pneumonia how to treat with folk remedies. Treatment of urethritis caused by MYCOPLASMA GENITALIUM. Treatment of mycoplasmosis with violet, cornflower and goldenrod

22.05.2011 | 4927

Examination for the presence of sexually transmitted infections in inflammatory diseases in women often gives a positive test result for mycoplasma or ureaplasma. But doctors are increasingly inclined to not treat ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis with antibiotics, recognizing these microorganisms as opportunistic microflora. Is it possible to treat ureaplasma and mycoplasma with folk remedies?

Firstly, let us immediately reassure those whose analysis of mycoplasma or ureaplasma showed positive results: these are not sexually transmitted infections; they are classified as opportunistic flora. Often, a doctor prescribes tests for sexually transmitted infections for women with acute or chronic inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract, accompanied by similar symptoms: itching, heavy discharge, pain in the pelvic area, painful urination. At the same time, tests are also prescribed for opportunistic microflora: gardnerella, ureaplasma and mycoplasma. When receiving test results, women are often frightened, especially during pregnancy, because they classify the above-mentioned microorganisms as terrible sexually transmitted infections, since they were tested at the same time. But the doctor is simply looking for both the cause of the disease and its manifestations. Some sexually transmitted infections cause the growth of opportunistic pathogenic flora, and sometimes this occurs without the presence of “terrible” diseases (we mean diseases transmitted through sexual contact, for example, gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis). Everyone has opportunistic flora, but for some it does not cause any concern, while others begin to have problems with women’s health. There is no need to be alarmed; treatment of ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis, even by allopathic doctors, differs from the treatment of sexually transmitted infections, and if they are very bothersome, doctors often prescribe antibiotic therapy, but different from that required for sexually transmitted infections. The partner is often not prescribed treatment at all, unlike sexually transmitted infections, if nothing bothers him. In addition to antibiotics, the doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory drugs for topical use (suppositories) and, without fail, means to strengthen the immune system and restore vaginal microflora. In addition, after antibiotics, you still have to fight against mycoses for a long time, so the doctor also prescribes antifungal drugs.

From point of view traditional medicine, strengthening the body's defenses, relieving unpleasant symptoms, itching, burning, discharge, pain when urinating and anti-inflammatory preparations in combination help suppress the growth of opportunistic flora.

The effectiveness of garlic against the growth of pathogenic microorganisms is recognized in both folk and allopathic medicine. Eating garlic will speed up recovery from any infections and diseases against a background of weakened immunity.

Goldenrod is recommended for ureaplasmosis not only for women, but also for men, especially if cystitis or urethritis begins against the background of these diseases. In Europe, it is used in the treatment of many genitourinary diseases, as it quickly relieves inflammation, even more effective than hogweed, wintergreen and wintergreen. The second most effective in treating inflammation caused by the growth of pathogenic microflora are wintergreen, hogweed and wintergreen. These medicinal herbs are used even for inflammation, the causes of which could not be identified, but which often become an obstacle to conception and pregnancy.

To get rid of itching and burning, at home 2-3 times a day for a week, douche with a strong decoction of oak bark, bergenia root, Kuril tea and boron uterus. If the symptoms of itching and burning are not too disturbing, then it is better to douche every other day, 7-10 times a month, since after washing the vagina, the beneficial microflora must be given time to recover. It is also recommended to add 1-2 drops of tea tree oil and a few drops of sea buckthorn oil to this decoction, which not only enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of herbs, but also support the growth of “good” microflora.

Traditional medicine recipes for ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis

Goldenrod. Pour 2 tablespoons of goldenrod into two glasses of boiling water, leave for 30-40 minutes in a thermos, drink half a glass 4 times a day for three weeks.

Wintergreen, wintergreen, hogweed. Ideally, of course, take the same amount of all three herbs, since this “troika” is much more effective than each of the herbs separately, but you can get by with any one of them. Pour 10 g of collection or herb into 2-3 cups of boiling water, hold for 5 minutes over low heat, leave for an hour in a warm place, drink in equal parts throughout the day. The course is the same as for goldenrod - 21 days. Can be combined with goldenrod.

Collection for douching and external hygiene for itching, burning, vaginal discharge with ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis. Oak bark - 2 parts, bergenia root - 1 part, boron uterus - 1 part, Kuril tea - 1 part. Pour 20 g of the collection into 1 boiling water, simmer for 15-20 minutes over low heat, covered, making sure it does not boil too much. Leave for 1-2 hours, strain. This decoction is enough for two procedures.

Garlic. Eat 3-4 cloves of garlic daily. Garlic is eaten much faster if you make a paste from it: grind 100-150 g of garlic in a blender with the same amount vegetable oil, add 1-2 teaspoons of salt and a tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar 6%, beat again. The result should be a paste with a consistency similar to a thick cream, which can be added to salads instead of sour cream or mayonnaise, spread on bread or added to any dishes. The thickness of the paste can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the amount of oil during cooking. With regular use of garlic, any pathogenic microflora gradually disappears and ceases to cause trouble.

To improve the microflora in the intestines during treatment of ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis, which will also increase immunity, drink 1-2 glasses of Kuril tea every day and eat more vitamins.

If your food does not have enough carotenoids, which could also cause a decrease in immunity, then no tests will show this. This situation can be quickly corrected with the help of sea buckthorn oil. Sea buckthorn oil - natural spring carotenoids we need every day. Without them, we not only get sick, but also age, not to mention the weakening of our body’s defenses. When treating diseases of the genital area and to increase immunity, it is recommended to drink half a teaspoon of sea buckthorn oil with a high content of carotenoids in the morning and evening. Sea buckthorn oil, like linseed oil, should always be in your refrigerator so that you have to consume synthetic vitamins as little as possible or be treated for diseases that arise due to a weakened immune system.

If the symptoms have passed and the analysis shows a decrease in the number of mycoplasmas or ureaplasmas or their complete absence, then your immune system has coped with the disease, and the pathogenic microflora had to retreat under the onslaught of healthy microflora and anti-inflammatory drugs, but if you cannot cope with unpleasant symptoms long time, then you should think about psychological reasons diseases. After all, ureaplasma or mycoplasma themselves are not a disease, but a manifestation of more serious problems, that is, they are the same symptoms as external manifestations, itching and burning, for example. If a person believes in the power of herbs, then psychological confidence and the action of herbs will be quite enough for recovery, but if a person believes only in the reliability of antibiotics, then this confidence will help him recover only with the help of antibiotics. If your doctor still recommends waiting with antibiotics, then try this chance, rely on your strength and the forces of nature!

Good health to you!

Folk remedies for treating mycoplasma infection include borax, hydrogen peroxide, serrapeptase, herbs, and vitamin supplements

Mycoplasmas are bacteria that cause many different health problems. Folk remedies for treating mycoplasma infection include borax, hydrogen peroxide, serrapeptase, herbs, and vitamin supplements. Mycoplasma infection often enters the body along with other types of infections (like).

What is mycoplasma infection?

Mycoplasmas are a unique form of bacteria that do not have a cell wall. This makes them capable of receiving various shapes. They are difficult to identify and difficult to treat.

The spectrum of symptoms caused by mycoplasma. extensive, which is another factor in the difficulty of making a diagnosis. Bacteria can be located in any number of systems or organs of the body, causing a variety of symptoms: breathing problems, blood disorders, diseases nervous system, headaches, neurological problems, infertility, chronic pain, brain fog, wound infections, skin problems, infections urinary tract, reproductive problems and kidney problems.

Many chronic health problems have been associated with Mycoplasma infection, including Lou Gehrig's disease, fibromyalgia syndrome, chronic fatigue, autoimmune diseases, fertility problems, skin infections, arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Scientists have identified more than two hundred different types of mycoplasma. About 10 types of mycoplasma affect people. Most of these species are rare, but some are common to humans.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause the following problems: pneumonia. (pneumonia), sore throat, fever, blood problems, kidney disease, and joint and muscle disease.

Mycoplasma fermentans can lead to pneumonia, fibromyalgia, headaches, etc.

Mycoplasma hominis has been associated with ALS and rheumatoid arthritis.

Ureaplasma urealyticum It is transmitted sexually and can also be passed from mother to child at birth. This may cause infertility.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that different strains of mycoplasma can cause the same health problems.

Folk remedies for mycoplasma infection

Borax. For men – ¼ tsp. borax per 1 liter of water, for women - 1/8 tsp. borax per 1 liter of water, apply externally. This remedy should be used 4 days a week, and then take 3 days off.

Inhalation therapy with hydrogen peroxide

Inhalation with hydrogen peroxide is simple and in an inexpensive way fight against mycoplasma bacteria in the lungs.

Colloidal silver

Colloidal silver is easy to make yourself if you buy a colloidal silver generator. Adults should use 2 tbsp to fight infections. colloidal silver 3 times a day on an empty stomach.

Vitamin supplements to treat mycoplasma infection

Vitamin C. An organ that is affected by a bacterial infection needs additional vitamins. Vitamin C strengthens the immune system.

Nicotinamide is also an effective treatment for mycoplasma infections. Iodine is also important in treating mycoplasma infections.

Serrapeptase is a very important supplement for treating mycoplasma infection. Serrapeptases dissolve non-living tissue and have some side effects. Serrapeptase should be taken on an empty stomach according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Bee pollen - an immunity-boosting folk remedy

Bee pollen is rich in nutrients, including amino acids, which boost immunity and improve digestion.

Herbs to treat mycoplasma infection

Mullein is a soft but powerful herb. This antibacterial herb is suitable for treating mycoplasma infection. This folk remedy is especially useful for treating mycoplasma infections in the lungs. Mullein can be used as an infusion or tea. To improve the taste you can add a little honey or mint.

Bearberry is an effective antibacterial folk remedy for treating mycoplasma infections that affect the urinary system. Most often, bearberry is used in the form of an infusion.

Green tea is an antibacterial and antioxidant folk remedy

Green tea has antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This is another folk remedy to combat mycoplasma.

Antibacterial agent for the treatment of mycoplasma and Lyme disease

To treat mycoplasma, tao-en-on (Cryptolepis) tincture is used, which has powerful antibacterial properties. Herbalist Stephen Bachner recommends using 1 tsp. tinctures 3 times a day. He popularized this folk remedy for the treatment of Lyme disease and its associated infections, such as mycoplasma.

Diet and lifestyle changes to treat mycoplasma

It is important to provide the body with plenty of nutrients and avoid empty calories, which suppress the immune system. Try to eliminate sugar and processed flour products. Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables. Fresh carrot juice and green juices are concentrated forms of nutrients.

Consume coconut oil daily. This folk remedy has amazing antibacterial properties. Adults can consume up to 3 tbsp. daily.

Milk kefir – It's a delicious health powerhouse and a great addition to your diet. This folk remedy can help cure autoimmune disease.

Try to take a walk every day sun rays. Sunlight and physical exercise are an excellent remedy for healing.

Take medicinal baths. Baths relax, which in itself has a healing effect. Add a cup of Epsom salts, baking soda or ½ cup borax. This increases the healing and cleansing properties of the bath.

Whenever you start using a new folk remedy, slowly increase the dose. If you start using many natural remedies at the same time, an increase in symptoms or severe detoxification reactions may occur. If you want to try more than one of the folk remedies listed above, choose one, start using it and wait a few days before adding another remedy. When using herbs and vitamins, start with the lowest dose and then gradually increase it. This way you can evaluate the effect of each folk remedy for mycoplasma infection.

Today, it is impossible to talk about effective treatment of mycoplasmosis using traditional methods. The disappearance of some symptoms of the disease after using a number of traditional medicine recipes in the treatment of mycoplasmosis does not indicate complete healing of the patient, but the transition of the disease to a latent form. There can be no talk of any recovery in this case.

According to a number of studies, the procedure of vaginal douching not only does not lead to a cure for mycoplasmosis, but can cause the development of an infectious process in completely healthy women.

Known methods of folk treatment of mycoplasmosis can be used to relieve patients from some manifestations of the disease: cystitis, urethritis, but they are not able to remove the cause of the inflammatory process - to destroy the pathogens. Consequently, the use of exclusively alternative treatment for mycoplasmosis is not effective; mandatory consultation with a specialist and the appointment of a comprehensive drug therapy, A traditional methods Treatments for mycoplasmosis can only be used under the supervision of a physician. In most cases, we can talk about alternative treatment of mycoplasmosis only in the urogenital form of the disease and the uncomplicated course of the disease.

Recipe 1. To treat mycoplasmosis with folk remedies, you can use a collection of St. John's wort leaves and flowers. You need to take 2 and 4 tablespoons of each ingredient, respectively, and mix. Four tablespoons of raw material are poured into 800 ml of water and boiled over low heat for 10 minutes, allowed to brew for a couple of hours and filtered. Take the prepared decoction one glass 12 minutes before meals three times a day.

Recipe 2. To prepare this recipe, you need to take the following medicinal plants in equal proportions: chamomile, blue cornflower, knotweed, St. John's wort and corn silk. One tablespoon of the prepared herbal mixture is poured into 300 ml of boiling water and left for an hour. After straining, take the infusion 1/2 cup three times a day

Recipe 3. Traditional medicine for the treatment of mycoplasmosis recommends using a collection from the herb St. John's wort (2 tablespoons), young black elderberry bark (3 tablespoons) and elderberry roots (4 tablespoons). Mixed medicinal plants are boiled in 1000 ml of water for 15 minutes, infused for an hour and filtered. The finished decoction must be drunk in one day, divided into 3-4 doses.

Recipe 4. As an anti-inflammatory agent based on herbal medicinal raw materials, you can use a collection of boron uterus, wintergreen herb and wintergreen. 15 g of a mixture of plant materials is poured with three to four glasses of boiling water and allowed to brew for 45–50 minutes. The finished product is taken half a glass five times a day. The course of treatment is 21–28 days.

Recipe 5. For internal use, you can use another multicomponent mixture of medicinal herbs of the following composition: 3 g of immortelle flowers, 4 g of plantain leaves, 4 g of bearberry leaves, three grams of knotweed herb and birch leaves. Medicinal herbs must be poured into 400 ml cold water, taking a mixture of dry plant materials in the amount of two tablespoons, let the product brew for 10 hours, then boil for 10 minutes over low heat. Take the prepared infusion half a glass orally 4 times a day after meals.

Mycoplasma is a type of single-celled microorganisms with no cell membrane. Microbes can be found in earthen soil, anthracite, and hot underground waters. Capable of reproducing in cell-free environments, but completely spend their life cycle only in the bodies of warm-blooded creatures.

Getting into cellular tissues, they destroy them, pumping out nutrients. In the body of animals and humans, it affects the mucous membranes, causing the disease “mycoplasmosis” of the respiratory system, genitourinary system, and musculoskeletal system.

Types of microorganisms:

1. Mycoplasma salivarium, Mycoplasma orale– are part of the microorganisms that inhabit the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and do not cause the development of diseases.
2. Mycoplasma pneumonia – provokes respiratory infections, the first stage of deep pneumonia, pathological conditions in the bronchi.
3. Mycoplasma genitalium is a bacterium causing infection mycoplasmosis in the pelvic organs.
4. Mycoplasma hominis is a relatively harmless microorganism. Inhabits the mucous membranes of the mouth, genitals, and cerebrospinal fluid of the musculoskeletal system. With good immunity, it is in a dormant state and does not provoke the development of the disease. If activated, it becomes the basis for inflammation in the genitals.
5. Ureaplasma urealytium is a bacterium that causes infection of healthy cells with ureaplasmosis.
6. Mycoplasma fermentans - do not cause disease. Found in 30% of newborn girls and boys. Over time, they disappear spontaneously.
7. Mycoplasma penetrans – according to the latest scientific research considered a marker of HIV infection. Most common in homosexual men (more than 40%).

In addition to medications, you can boost your immunity and eliminate bacteria using traditional medicine recipes. They are used in the form of herbal decoctions for oral administration, as inhalations and douche solutions.

Infusions from medicinal preparations:

1. 50 gr. St. John's wort herb, 80 gr. young black elderberry bark, 60 gr. crushed elderberry roots, pour 1 liter of boiled water, place on the stove and boil for 25 minutes. Cool the broth, strain, drink in 4-5 doses during the day.
2. 80 gr. Mix a medicinal mixture of St. John's wort and meadowsweet with 700 ml. water, boil, simmer over low heat for 14 minutes. Ready suspension strain, leave, drink 1 glass three times a day for 20 minutes. before meals.
3. 50 gr. steam 260 ml of medicinal violet. hot liquid. Infuse, filter with gauze. Drink 3 times a day, 2 tbsp. l.
4. Mix equal parts of chopped St. John's wort, chamomile, blue cornflower and corn silk. Pour 500 ml. boiled liquid. Boil for 10 minutes. Cool the herbal infusion and squeeze through a cloth. Drink 1⁄2 glass 4 times a day.
5. Steam a mixture of boron uterus, wintergreen and wintergreen herbs with 2 cups of boiled liquid. Place in a steam bath and cook for 1 hour. Use 250 ml of the strained infusion. up to 5 times a day for a month.
6. Blue cornflower in the amount of 60 gr. combine with 600 ml. boiling water Let stand and drink 2 tbsp. 4-5 times every 24 hours before meals.

For douching: pour 250 ml of oak bark and boron uterus. hot water. Judge, filter. Use for rinsing 2 times a day. The resulting decoction can be used for vaginal baths.

Patients with mycoplasma are recommended to consume at least 4 heads of garlic per day. You can prepare a dressing from 50 gr. vegetable oil to taste, 20 ml. lemon juice and 3 minced garlic cloves. The seasoning is suitable for any salad. Onion lovers can add finely chopped green or onion vegetables to the ingredients.

For the treatment of mycoplasma in the respiratory tract, inhalation with hydrogen peroxide diluted in water works well.

Any disease is easier to prevent than to cure, so it is recommended not to neglect preventive measures:

1. Try to avoid unprotected sexual intercourse, especially with unfamiliar partners, and if there is any, carry out preventive douching with Miromistin or Chlorhexidine within 6 hours.
2. Avoid household contact with infected people.
3. Visit a gynecologist at least once every six months and take a microflora test.
4. Do not self-medicate, take antibiotics, oral contraceptives only after consultation with a doctor and in accordance with the regimen drawn up by him.

Mycoplasmosis – dangerous disease, which can provoke pathologies in the respiratory and pelvic organs. To determine the symptoms of mycoplasma and the necessary treatment, women in puberty should undergo a gynecological examination in a chair and bacteriological culture of the vagina and cervix at least once every six months.

This preventive measure will allow timely detection of infection and prevent the development of concomitant diseases and their complications.

Article design: Oleg Lozinsky

Mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis are diseases that are provoked by bacteria. Although these diseases are caused by different types of bacteria, they have a similar external picture: men experience symptoms of urethritis. If treatment is not started in a timely manner at the first signs, then the disease very quickly becomes chronic.

Most often, ureaplasma and mycoplasma in men affect the genital organs, but with a long course of the disease, the bacteria can spread to neighboring organs.

By affecting the kidneys, they cause pyelonephritis. Less likely to be defeated skin, sometimes joints and some others internal organs. How do mycoplasma and ureaplasma manifest themselves in males? Mycoplasma and ureaplasma are most often treated with antibiotics.

Mycoplasmosis is an insidious disease in that it often occurs with virtually no symptoms. In men, the disease develops less frequently than in the fair sex, but it still occurs and brings its consequences and complications. Many men do not pay attention to the first symptoms and signs of the disease, because they do not particularly bother them. But you should still take care of your health so as not to infect your sexual partners and cause harm. your own body.

What is mycoplasma infection?

Mycoplasma infection of the respiratory tract is a fairly common pathology that is equally likely to develop in women and men. It causes about 1/5 of all pneumonia and accounts for about 5% of all respiratory tract diseases. Outbreaks of mycoplasma infection occur approximately once every 2–4 years in a community. During this period, such disease accounts for up to half of all cases of respiratory diseases.

The causative agent of respiratory mycoplasmosis is the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mycoplasmas differ from other bacteria in that they do not have a cell wall. This makes them resistant to many antibiotics, since a significant part of the antibacterial substances inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Thus, such drugs do not act on mycoplasma.

Fortunately, there are currently no recorded cases where a person is a carrier of a mycoplasma infection, but is not sick himself. In this case, the number of cases of the disease would certainly increase, since cases of latent mycoplasmosis of the respiratory tract would occur. However, according to current data, all people with this disease experience clinical symptoms; bronchitis or pneumonia occurs in an acute manner and does not become chronic.

Humans are moderately susceptible to mycoplasma infection. More often, respiratory mycoplasmosis develops against the background of decreased immunity, in particular during the cold season, when there is a natural deterioration in the body’s defenses. The development of mycoplasmas can occur against the background of various systemic diseases, as well as Down syndrome.

Also a vulnerable category of the population are pregnant women, who experience a natural decrease in immunity. After an infection, a stable cellular immunity is formed in the human body, which protects against re-infection for 5–10 years.

Precedes the beginning clinical manifestations The disease has an incubation period that can last from several days to one month. If respiratory mycoplasmosis develops against a background of reduced immunity, the first symptoms of the disease may appear after a long latent period. During this period, the human immune system “does not see” the pathogen, and therefore does not react in any way to its presence.

For the treatment of mycoplasma respiratory infection use anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs. Treatment of mycoplasmosis with folk remedies suppresses the development of bacteria and stimulates human immunity. Own protective forces fight microorganisms, and recovery occurs.

Medicinal collection No. 5. You need to mix 3 parts of immortelle, knotweed and birch leaves and 4 parts of plantain and bearberry. 2 tbsp. l. This mixture is poured with 2 glasses of water, left to infuse overnight, the next morning brought to a boil, simmered over low heat for 10 minutes and filtered. Standard dosage: 100 ml of the drug 4 times a day.

Medicinal collection No. 2. To prepare the mixture, you need to mix mint leaves, veronica herb and elderflower in equal proportions. Steam 1 tbsp in 200 ml of boiling water. l. such a collection, leave to infuse for an hour and strain. The drug is used for regular rinsing and rinsing of the nasal passages.

Mycoplasmas are a unique form of bacteria that do not have a cell wall. This makes them capable of taking on different forms. They are difficult to identify and difficult to treat.

The spectrum of symptoms caused by mycoplasma. extensive, which is another factor in the difficulty of making a diagnosis. Bacteria can reside in any number of systems or organs of the body, causing a variety of symptoms: breathing problems, blood disorders, nervous system disorders, headaches, neurological problems, infertility, chronic pain, brain fog, wound infections, skin problems, urinary tract infections , reproductive problems and kidney problems.

Many chronic health problems have been linked to mycoplasma infection, including Lou Gehrig's disease, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune diseases, fertility problems, skin infections, arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Scientists have identified more than two hundred different types of mycoplasma. About 10 types of mycoplasma affect people. Most of these species are rare, but some are common to humans.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause the following problems: pneumonia. (pneumonia), sore throat, fever, blood problems, kidney disease, and joint and muscle disease.

Mycoplasma fermentans can lead to pneumonia, fibromyalgia, headaches, etc.

Mycoplasma hominis has been associated with ALS and rheumatoid arthritis.

Ureaplasma urealyticum is sexually transmitted and can also be transmitted from mother to child at birth. This may cause infertility.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that different strains of mycoplasma can cause the same health problems.

Hydrogen peroxide inhalation is a simple and inexpensive way to combat mycoplasma bacteria in the lungs.

Colloidal silver is easy to make yourself if you buy a colloidal silver generator. Adults should use 2 tbsp to fight infections. colloidal silver 3 times a day on an empty stomach.

Bearberry is an effective antibacterial folk remedy for treating mycoplasma infections that affect the urinary system. Most often, bearberry is used in the form of an infusion.

Green tea has antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This is another folk remedy to combat mycoplasma.

Types of disease

In order to accurately make a diagnosis, it is necessary to determine the causative agent of the infection. Mycoplasma can be isolated from sputum; it is also contained in a smear from the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Antibodies are formed in the human body against the infectious agent. To determine antibodies, an immunological study is performed. A general blood test is also necessary, which reveals the inflammatory process.

To determine the condition of the lungs, an X-ray examination is performed. The image shows areas of infiltrative inflammation. The tissues of the lung lobes or interstitial tissue may be affected. Pathological changes The pictures will be visible for some time after recovery.

Diagnosis is difficult due to the extremely small size of mycoplasmas. To accurately identify the pathogen, DNA diagnostics is performed. Its accuracy is 95%.

If there is purulent discharge, then

Its accuracy is one hundred percent, but the result will have to wait a week.

Less informative tests for mycoplasma in women are ELISA and PIF (detection of enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibodies in the blood). But their advantage is speed and low price.

In this case, false positive and false negative results are often obtained; the analysis must be repeated a month after treatment.

To perform the research, a smear is taken for mycoplasma from women in the urethra and vagina, from the cervix. It is necessary to do a urine test, for which a morning portion is taken.

Differential diagnosis mycoplasmosis: smear, blood, culture, PCR, cultural methods

Types of mycoplasmosis:

1. Respiratory caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia– affects the respiratory system. The latent period is 30-35 days. If it enters the upper respiratory tract, it causes rhinitis, sinusitis, and acute respiratory infections of a bacterial nature. In the lower section it provokes pneumonia, accompanied by high temperature body, chills, severe intoxication of the body. The bacterium is resistant to therapy with drugs containing tetracycline and its derivatives. If left untreated, it can provoke the development of pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis.
2. Genital (Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum)– determined by the occurrence of mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis infections, causing vaginitis, prostatitis, pathology of the appendages, tubes, uterus, urethritis. Bacteria are spread sexually or lie dormant in the body, becoming more active during colds, hypothermia, pregnancy, chronic diseases. The adaptation period is 14 days. Infections are practically asymptomatic. Most often they are discovered during a routine examination by a gynecologist, or during drug correction of adnexitis and endometriosis.
3. Generalized– extra-respiratory, characterized as complications caused by mycoplasma that has passed into a protracted stage in the absence of appropriate treatment. Affects the musculoskeletal system, kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system. Occurs in extremely rare cases.

Mycoplasmosis is established on the basis of a visual medical examination, questioning the patient for the presence of symptoms, and clinical diagnostic examination of biological material.

When determining a genital disease, the following is carried out:

1. Bacteriological culture of a smear, removed from the vagina, cervix, urethra and cervical canal. Helps not only to establish the presence of bacteria, but also to determine its resistance to antibacterial agents. In addition, with this analysis, it is possible to identify concomitant sexually transmitted infections. Most often, mycoplasma is adjacent to ureaplasma, trichomonas, chlamydia, and gardeneliasis. Diagnostics takes up to 6 days, the result gives a 100% answer. To establish respiratory mycoplasmosis, a culture is taken from the nasopharynx, and the patient’s sputum is also examined.
2. ELISA is a diagnosis based on determining the presence of antibodies to mycoplasma classes A, M, G in the blood fluid. Confirms the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and genital with a 100% guarantee.
3. PCR – analysis of biological material for the content of mycoplasma DNA. In this case it matters quantitative indicator level of bacteria. When detected in 1 ml. liquids containing more than 140 CFU of bacteria should indicate the development of pathology due to the activation of Mycoplasma hominis.

When planning pregnancy, IVF, or during infertility treatment, it is mandatory to conduct a test for the presence of bacteria.

The mycoplasma infectious process at the beginning resembles an acute respiratory infection. Often parents think that their child has a common cold and are in no hurry to get diagnosed. In order to make an accurate diagnosis, a number of studies need to be carried out. In case of a respiratory form of the disease, the patient is examined, listened to chest. This allows you to identify wheezing and lesions in the lungs. The mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract are also examined.

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• the temperature rise is usually moderate, although it can reach 39°C;
• symptoms of intoxication: headache. fever, nausea, joint pain. More often these signs appear in children.

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Characteristics of the pathogen

Mycoplasma affects the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract or genitourinary system. Children more often develop the respiratory form of the disease, even if the infection occurred from a sick mother during the passage of the baby through the birth canal, and the causative agent of the infection is Mycoplasma hominis.

Forecast

In some patients, the infection may spread to other organ systems. In this case, life-threatening diseases may occur: meningitis, myocarditis. This complication occurs in patients with weakened immunity or against the background of other systemic diseases.

Disease prevention also includes strengthening the immune system, especially in autumn and winter. To do this, it is recommended to lead an active lifestyle and exercise, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, quit smoking and alcohol, and take a course of immunomodulatory drugs 2-4 times a year.

Write in the comments about your experience in treating diseases, help other readers of the site!

Since mycoplasmosis is a sexually transmitted disease, the method of prevention here is standard - the exclusion of casual sexual partners, the use of barrier means - condoms.

If you suspect an infection, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe medications for preventive treatment. This must be done no later than a few days after unplanned casual sex.

The main thing is to undergo a detailed examination, identify the pathogen and undergo treatment.

Mycoplasmas are recognized as opportunistic flora, but the disease they cause is not at all harmless.

It can lead to serious inflammatory processes and even tragedies - the loss of a child.

Therefore, even minor symptoms should not be ignored and hope for self-healing.

The prognosis for most patients is favorable. If respiratory mycoplasmosis affects only the upper respiratory tract, complete recovery occurs after about a week. The person does not experience any complications. After pneumonia caused by mycoplasma, sclerotized areas of the lung alveoli may remain.

Prevention of mycoplasma respiratory infection is similar to prevention of other respiratory diseases. It is necessary to exclude or minimize contact with sick people. During outbreaks of epidemics, it is necessary to avoid large crowds of people: public transport, public events. If this is not possible, you must wear personal protection(masks). To prevent the spread of infection, patients with respiratory mycoplasmosis are advised to stay home and also wear a mask.

Causes of the disease

Mycoplasmosis is infection, which is always transmitted from one person to another. Mycoplasma is a bacteria sensitive to environmental factors. In the external environment, mycoplasma quickly dies.

The first signs of the disease appear after a short incubation period (from several days to two weeks). Respiratory mycoplasmosis in children manifests itself with characteristic signs of acute respiratory disease. The bacterium begins to develop on the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses and upper respiratory tract, and subsequently affects the bronchi and alveoli of the lungs. If the inflammatory process spreads to the lungs, the child develops pneumonia.

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Symptoms of mycoplasmosis in children are similar to those of other respiratory diseases, in particular viral infections. In order to prescribe effective treatment, it is necessary to conduct an accurate diagnosis.

Also, children may experience mycoplasma infection of the genitourinary system. In this case, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genital organs, urethra, and bladder develops. The infection can cause kidney damage - pyelonephritis.

If an intrauterine infection of a newborn occurs, such children are often born premature. In the future, they may experience delays in mental and physical development. Also, these children have reduced immunity, and they often develop concomitant infections: chlamydia, candida and others. Congenital mycoplasmosis is manifested by respiratory diseases, rash, conjunctivitis, swollen lymph nodes, and jaundice. In severe cases, mycoplasma leads to sepsis (blood poisoning) or meningitis. The disease can result in the death of the newborn.

Mycoplasma in children most often manifests itself as a respiratory disease. Exist folk remedies that will help cope with the infection. Traditional treatment mycoplasma infection is safer because it does not have side effects. The safety of therapy in the treatment of children is especially important.

The prognosis of mycoplasma infection depends on the form of the disease. If we talk about congenital mycoplasmosis, the prognosis may be unfavorable. The child may develop a generalized infectious process, meningitis, encephalitis, damage to the liver and other internal organs. Also, with intrauterine infection, the baby is often born premature and with pathologies of intrauterine development.

For the respiratory form of the disease, the prognosis is favorable. Most often, the infectious process lasts 1–1.5 weeks and ends with complete recovery. Sometimes a child develops mycoplasma pneumonia. however, this disease is also mild and occurs without complications.

To prevent intrauterine mycoplasma infection, a woman planning a pregnancy must be examined for the presence of mycoplasma before conception. Also during pregnancy, it is necessary to avoid casual sex and unprotected contacts. It is important for a woman to observe the rules of personal hygiene and not to use someone else’s towel, washcloth, or bed linen, since in rare cases, transmission of the disease through household means is possible.

Prevention of respiratory mycoplasmosis in children is similar to prevention of other seasonal respiratory diseases. During periods of acute respiratory infections outbreaks, it is better to avoid crowded places and use masks. It is also important to strengthen the child’s immunity, since mycoplasma infection often develops against the background of a depressed immune system.

Diet is important to strengthen the immune system. Need to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Playing sports and walking in the fresh air, hardening will be useful. It is recommended to take preventive courses of folk remedies to strengthen the immune system twice a year, in spring and autumn. This practice will help prevent the development of various infectious diseases.

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The pathogenic bacterium provokes the occurrence of the following painful conditions.

Mycoplasma hominis:

Mycoplasma genitalium:

• non-gonococcal inflammation of the urethra in representatives of the stronger sex;
• inflammation of organs located in the pelvis;
• cervicitis;
• uncontrolled termination of a normal pregnancy at short notice;
• neonatal infection.

Mycoplasma pneumonia:

Causes of pathology

Bacteria that cause infection are contained in exhaled air. In tiny droplets of liquid, mycoplasmas can remain viable for up to half an hour. In the external environment, the microorganism is quite unstable, it dies in sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation, when the temperature drops below 4 0C and rises above 37 0C, the bacterium is also sensitive to ultrasonic vibrations, changes in the acidity of the environment, and drying.

Thus, a sick person is the only source of respiratory mycoplasmosis. The patient releases bacteria into the external environment within 1–1.5 weeks after the onset of the disease, and in some cases longer. Transmission of infection occurs through airborne droplets and airborne dust, and much less frequently through contact or household contact.

Symptoms of mycoplasma genitalium in men

There are five types of mycoplasma bacteria. Men are most often susceptible to inflammation from the bacterium mycoplasma genitalium. At first, the disease does not show itself in any way, but after some time, slight discharge appears from the genitals. It is easiest to try to start treatment at this stage; immediately after the discharge appears, you should seek medical help.

If you do not start taking medications, then other signs are added to the discharge: at first minor ones appear painful sensations during sexual intercourse, then they intensify. Sex no longer brings the desired satisfaction and pleasure. When urinating, a pain is felt in the canal as urine passes out. Then itching and burning of the external genital organs appears in a calm state. Unpleasant sensations bother the patient throughout the day, intensifying in the evening.

If a man has not yet consulted a doctor and has not been prescribed a course of treatment, then swelling of the scrotum may occur. After the appearance of edema and constant discomfort in the penile area, bacteria can spread to neighboring organs. If the prostate gland is affected, urination may become more frequent. At first, the urge to go to the toilet will become more frequent at night up to 2-3 times, then during the day. The urine becomes cloudy. Sometimes there is an admixture of pus and blood in it. If blood spots appear, this means that kidney damage has begun.

If a man has a regular sexual partner, then the diagnosis is made relying on female symptoms, because a woman will most likely also be infected after unprotected sex. The woman experiences pain and discharge with an unpleasant odor. For men, the bacterium has another unpleasant surprise in store. If the disease is not treated, it will develop into advanced stage. At this stage, the composition of the male seminal fluid changes, the quality of sperm decreases, and the activity of sperm decreases so much that this leads to male infertility.

There is an opinion that one of the ways of transmission of the mycoplasma bacterium is contact with a sick animal, but this opinion is erroneous. It is absolutely true that animals can also suffer from mycoplasmosis, but the causative agent of the disease is a different bacterium that is safe for humans. Therefore, a man cannot become infected with mycoplasmosis when interacting with pets.

What are the routes of transmission of bacteria?

Before starting a course of treatment, the patient is examined. The course of treatment is selected individually for each patient to avoid allergic reactions to certain drugs. The main principle of treatment in medical institutions is taking antibacterial drugs. Medicines stop the spread of mycoplasma throughout the body and prevent infection of internal organs and joint tissues.

To completely cure this disease, it is necessary to completely improve and strengthen the patient’s immunity. Patients are prescribed a course of multivitamins. They are able to stimulate the human immune system to develop the body’s natural defenses against viruses and bacteria, as well as other diseases.

If the patient asked for medical care with an already advanced form of mycoplasmosis, he is prescribed a course of antibiotics. Doctors adhere to complex treatment of this disease. To prevent antibiotics from disturbing the intestinal flora, the patient is prescribed probiotics.

When a person’s immunity is weakened, the body is susceptible to attack by fungal diseases. To eliminate the risk of developing infections and diseases caused by fungi, treatment with antifungal drugs is prescribed.

If the patient has a regular sexual partner, then diagnosis and treatment for mycoplasmosis should be carried out together so that the disease does not return again.

Ureaplasma in men is transmitted mainly through unprotected sexual intercourse. In women, bacteria were found in the vagina and cervical canal, in men - in the urethra, seminal vesicles and sperm. Infection can also occur during oral and anal sex.

Bacteria are able to penetrate to an unborn child through the placenta and when passing through the birth canal. Even if the child is not sick, he will be a carrier of the bacteria.

The incubation period of the disease is on average 20 days. In women it is longer - up to 35-40 days, in men it can be only 3-5 days. The duration of the incubation period depends on the immunity of the human body. After which diagnostics can be carried out.

Symptoms of ureaplasma in men resemble the symptoms of mycoplasmosis. First, a burning sensation appears when urinating, which intensifies at the beginning or end of the process. Then clear, odorless discharge appears from the penis. If the discharge has an unpleasant odor, then some kind of fungal, viral or bacterial infection.

Ureaplasma is dangerous because the symptoms of the disease itself are often hidden. It can all start with a common cold. A person's immune system is weakened by illness or medications. Ureaplasma causes prostatitis in representatives of the stronger sex, and sometimes orchitis - inflammation of the testicles. The disease is insidious in that it often goes into a latent form and does not allow male reproductive cells - sperm - to mature. And this, in turn, leads to male infertility.

Treatment must be comprehensive. Antibiotics and vitamins are used, as well as drugs that prevent the spread of bacteria throughout the human body.

Sexual activity is prohibited during treatment. Only traditional sex with condoms may be permitted. During treatment, you should follow a diet that involves excluding all fatty, fried, salty, spicy and smoked foods from the diet.

Mycoplasmas are bacteria that cause many different health problems. Folk remedies for treating mycoplasma infection include borax, hydrogen peroxide, serrapeptase, herbs, and vitamin supplements. Mycoplasma infection often enters the body along with other types of infections (like Lyme disease).

Consume coconut oil daily. This folk remedy has amazing antibacterial properties. Adults can consume up to 3 tbsp. daily.

Milk kefir is a delicious health powerhouse and a great addition to your diet. This folk remedy can help cure autoimmune disease.

Try to walk in the sun every day. Sunlight and exercise are great for healing.

Take medicinal baths. Baths relax, which in itself has a healing effect. Add a cup of Epsom salts, baking soda or? cups of borax. This increases the healing and cleansing properties of the bath.

Whenever you start using a new folk remedy, slowly increase the dose. If you start using many natural remedies at the same time, an increase in symptoms or severe detoxification reactions may occur. If you want to try more than one of the folk remedies listed above, choose one, start using it and wait a few days before adding another remedy.

Biologists have not yet agreed on whether they should be considered bacteria, viruses or fungi.

Having a cellular structure like a bacterium, mycoplasma, like a virus, does not have cell membrane and is distinguished by its extremely small size - 300 nm.

Unlike viruses, these pathogens are able to live outside cells. They settle on the epithelial layer of the respiratory or genitourinary organs and gradually penetrate into its thickness. Microorganisms reproduce by budding.

There are many varieties of mycoplasmas in nature. Only 3 of them are dangerous to humans.

Mycoplasma species hominis, genitalium settle in the urinary system of a woman and cause her damage. And the species mycoplasma pneumonia causes diseases respiratory system.

Normally, mycoplasmas can live in small quantities in a completely healthy body without causing pathologies.

But it's worth it immune system women weaken, any adverse effects can cause activation of microorganisms.

While biologists are dealing with classification problems, doctors have found ways to combat this pathogen.

Routes of infection

Mycoplasmas cannot live outside the host organism. They do not live long in the environment. This determines the route of infection.

Ordinary household contact will not lead to infection with hominis, genitalium. Handshakes, kisses, shared towels, and dishes will not be a source of infection. Living in the same house with a patient with such mycoplasmosis is not dangerous.

In order for microorganisms to enter a new host body alive, sexual contact must occur.

Therefore, mycoplasmosis can be classified as a group of STDs, sexually transmitted diseases. The presence of gonorrhea or trichomonas will aggravate the course of the disease.

In this case, the carrier of the disease may himself remain just a carrier. If he has a strong immune system, then mycoplasmas will be present in his body in small quantities. This type of mycoplasma is transmitted by the mother to the embryo.

Mycoplasma pneumonia is transmitted by airborne droplets. Therefore, it is possible to become infected with it at home or on the street.

The incubation period of mycoplasma infection lasts quite a long time - 3-5 weeks, although sometimes mycoplasmosis in women can appear after two weeks.

Therefore, due to such a long latent period, identifying the source of infection becomes difficult.

Causes

Mycoplasma in women, the symptoms and treatment of which directly depend on the causes of the pathology, is bacterial in nature. Bacteria live in soil, warm thermal springs, coal, open water bodies, and in the bodies of people and animals. Upon contact with a surface inhabited by pathogenic flora, microorganisms enter the body, remaining there in a dormant state.

Bacteria are activated when accompanying factors appear, which include:

The revived microbe infects healthy cells, attaching itself to them and pumping out the nutrient medium for its sustenance. The infection spreads through tissues and mucous membranes, causing disease.

So, the disease is caused by mycoplasmas. However, not all carriers of them get sick.

In order for carriage to develop into mycoplasmosis, conditions favorable for the proliferation of mycoplasmas must appear in the body. The first is the weakening of protective forces.

This can lead to:

• stress – long-term or acute;
• chronic infections, diseases;
• physical and emotional overload;
• hypothermia;
• climate change, especially abrupt;
• taking antibiotics, hormonal drugs type of glucocorticosteroids;
• pregnancy.

Signs

For respiratory mycoplasmosis, the incubation period lasts 7-14 days. This form flows more brightly. With it, patients complain of:

• increased body temperature;
• seizures severe cough;
• pain and redness in the throat;
• nasal discharge.

The sick person experiences all the signs of intoxication of the body - weakness, fatigue, nausea, chills, fever.

The danger of respiratory mycoplasmosis is that it can lead to pneumonia. Wherein classical treatment will not have an effect, which should alert the attending physician and suspect the presence of mycoplasmas.

This complication develops if pathogens affect the lower respiratory tract. Such pneumonia can lead to bronchiectasis (dilatation of the bronchi) and pneumosclerosis.

has a longer incubation period - from 2 weeks to 3-5 months.

10-40% of sick women do not feel any symptoms at all, and the presence of mycoplasmas is discovered by chance during an STD examination. For others, the manifestations of the disease are quite general.

Because of this, it can be confused with cystitis and other genitourinary infections.

How does mycoplasmosis manifest itself in women in the genital area, what are the symptoms of mycoplasma infection? The beginning is characterized by:

• discomfort, pain in the lower abdomen;
• itching sensation;
• burning when urinating;
• discharge of a transparent, yellowish or grayish color;
• redness of the mucous membrane around the opening of the urethra;
• lower back pain.

Pain and discomfort may occur during sexual intercourse. But at first all these symptoms are either ignored or considered the beginning of cystitis.

The acute form tends to become chronic when improvement occurs and the symptoms disappear before new provoking conditions arise.

Any hypothermia, stress, or hormonal fluctuations lead to the activation of mycoplasmas. Often a woman believes that she has again experienced an exacerbation of cystitis, and does not attach any importance to this.

Symptoms depend on where the protozoa are based.

If they affect the external genitalia, then itching, burning, and discharge come to the fore. Or the disease is generally asymptomatic.

Then the woman will feel pain in the lower back in the abdomen, and the discharge will become more abundant and even purulent.

Burning and itching during urination will be more pronounced. Most often, damage to external organs occurs.

Mycoplasmosis symptoms may resemble pyelonephritis, vaginosis, inflammatory diseases uterus and fallopian tubes.

These pathogens can occur in combination with other types of chlamydia and ureaplasma. Manifestations of the disease can be varied.

If the disease affects internal organs, it can lead to the development of adnexitis and salpingitis (inflammatory process in the appendages).

If mycoplasmas enter the uterus, this can trigger the development of endometritis. This variation of endometritis is characterized by cycle disorders and bleeding.

Adnexitis caused by mycoplasmas can result in a severe inflammatory process in the ovaries with an abscess and adhesion of the organ to the fallopian tubes.

Then the woman complains about severe pain in the lower back, cycle disruptions, pain during sexual intercourse.

Mycoplasmosis in pregnant women

When carrying a child, mycoplasmosis is a serious problem that leads to infection of the endometrium and embryo. Pathogenic bacteria produce substances that provoke uterine contractions, which result in spontaneous miscarriage at 5-10 weeks of pregnancy, intrauterine death of the child at early stages.

Particularly dangerous is incomplete spontaneous abortion, in which the constituent parts of the embryo's body are retained inside the uterus. Manifests acute pain in the lower abdomen, heavy bleeding, in which the patient faints. Without urgent medical intervention, death from blood loss may occur.

Mycoplasma discovered during 9 months of waiting for a baby must be treated no earlier than the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Until that time future mom is under constant medical supervision. If incomplete cure is suspected or mycoplasma is detected in a smear before birth, C-section, to avoid contact of the child with infected genital tracts.

Pregnancy is always an additional burden on all body systems. His defenses are reduced at this time. This can serve as a trigger for the disease if the woman was a carrier of the protozoa.

Developing infection with mycoplasma in women during pregnancy in the first – second trimester is fraught with miscarriages and

"frozen pregnancy"

When the embryo stops developing.

In later stages, the risk of premature birth increases. It gets worse if the infection spreads to amniotic sac, as the water may break prematurely.

During childbirth, the mother infects the child. This is fraught with the development of meningitis.

In the early postpartum period mycoplasmas can cause pneumonia or acute course endometritis. It manifests itself as a severe postpartum infection.

Therefore, when mycoplasmas are detected, treatment is required. However, it is not recommended to be carried out in the first trimester, since the drugs can negatively affect the development of the fetus and lead to pathologies of its internal organs and systems.

Treatment regimen

How to cure mycoplasma in women? Therapy must be comprehensive. It includes:

• local treatment;
• taking antibacterial drugs;
• diet;
• physical therapy;
• taking immunomodulatory drugs.

It is possible to choose an effective treatment. It is prescribed only based on test results, since pathogens of different types are destroyed different groups antibiotics.

To enhance the effect of the drugs, immunomodulators Cycloferon or Likopid are prescribed in parallel, which enhance the body’s defenses. Itching, burning, and discomfort are well relieved by local medications - suppositories and ointments.

It is important to realize that the treatment will be long. If you stop it at the first signs of improvement, then very soon the mycoplasmas will multiply again, and a relapse will occur.

To remove toxins from the body that are formed during the destruction of mycoplasmas. Since these microorganisms are often found together with others, complex therapy may be prescribed.

The first choice drugs are considered to be tetracycline antibiotics, macrolides, lincosamides and fluoroquinols - Tetracycline, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline. Erythromycin and Sumamed give a good effect.

Antibiotic therapy usually lasts 10 days, depending on the severity and symptoms of the disease. At the same time, anti-inflammatory and antipruritic drugs are prescribed vaginal suppositories for 5-7 days.

To treat the vagina and destroy mycoplasmas, tampons with Chymotrypsin or Trypsin are placed.

After two weeks, a repeat analysis is done. Based on its data, the doctor decides whether it is necessary to continue treatment and whether there is a need to change the drug.

Taking antibacterial drugs should be combined with the use of probiotics such as Acipol to prevent the destruction of intestinal microflora.

Both partners need to be treated for mycoplasmosis at once. Otherwise, it is completely pointless due to constant re-infection. It is better to avoid sexual intercourse during treatment.

Don't even look for treatments folk ways. There are no herbs that can destroy mycoplasma. The only way traditional medicine can help is to strengthen the immune system.

Immunomodulatory herbal decoctions can be used in complex therapy. After treatment, they will help prevent weakening of the body and re-infection.

It has been established that humans are the natural “host” of 13 types of mycoplasmas, of which possible causative agents of urethritis may be Mycoplasma (M.) hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma (U.) urealyticum. In addition to these types of mycoplasmas, they are also found in the urogenital tract M. fermentans, M. primatum, M. pirum, M. spermatophilum, M. penetrans, M. pneumoniae.

The question of the role of genital mycoplasmas in the etiology of nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) remains unresolved due to the widespread distribution of these microorganisms and their frequent detection in individuals without clinical symptoms. Researchers have differing opinions on this issue. Some authors tend to classify mycoplasmas as obligate pathogens that cause urethritis, cervicitis, prostatitis, postpartum endometritis, pyelonephritis, infertility, and various pathologies of pregnancy and the fetus. Accordingly, according to these authors, eradication of mycoplasmas should be achieved if they are detected. Others believe that mycoplasmas are opportunistic flora of the urogenital tract and only under certain conditions can cause infectious and inflammatory diseases genitourinary organs. Most foreign authors include all mycoplasmas, with the exception of M. genitalium, to opportunistic flora. That is why in ICD-10 such diseases as mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis or ureaplasma infection are not registered. According to many researchers, among mycoplasmas, without any reservations, only M. genitalium.

Summary of epidemiology M. genitalium were presented by David Taylor-Robinson (2001) based on an analysis of the works of 19 of the most authoritative researchers, according to which these microorganisms were isolated from 10-50% of patients with NGU and from 0-17.7% of healthy individuals. Later N. Dupin et al. (2003) it was shown that the disappearance of these microorganisms from the urethra is accompanied by resolution of urethritis and, conversely, relapse of the disease may be associated with the use of drugs that are not sufficiently active against M. genitalium.

The clinical picture of urethritis, in which mycoplasmas are detected, as with chlamydia infection, does not have pathognomonic symptoms. M. genitalium more often found in people with chronic urethritis, probable cause recurrence of which it is. L. Mena et al. (2002) showed that patients with M. genitalium-associated urethritis, to a lesser extent than patients with gonococcal urethritis, complain of dysuria and discharge, and their discharge is much less likely to be purulent in nature.

Diagnostics. Revealing M. genitalium in material from the urogenital tract is carried out only by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study makes it possible to very quickly—within 24 hours—identify the DNA of the pathogen in a scraping from the urogenital tract and determine its species. Culture testing on selective media is used to identify M. hominis And U. urealyticum.

Treatment

As in most cases of identifying opportunistic flora, for mycoplasmas a number of factors are identified that contribute to the development of infectious and inflammatory processes. The most important of them are immune disorders, changes in hormonal status, massive colonization, and associations with other bacteria. All these factors, as well as the type of pathogen, duration of infection, history of previous treatment, the presence of concomitant pathogenic and opportunistic flora should be taken into account when determining the tactics of patient management.

Etiotropic treatment of NGU caused by M. genitalium is based on the use of antibacterial drugs of various groups. The activity of drugs against any infection is determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in studies in vitro. BMD indicators, as a rule, correlate with the results of clinical cure. Antibiotics with the lowest MIC are considered the optimal drugs, but one should remember the importance of such parameters as bioavailability, the ability to create high interstitial and intracellular concentrations, treatment tolerability and patient compliance.

To select an adequate therapy regimen in specific cases, laboratory determination of the sensitivity of isolated cultures to various antibiotics. But the problem is that this mainly concerns the identified saprophytic flora. Thus, many authors note the ability of mycoplasmas to quickly acquire resistance to antibacterial drugs when they are passaged in vitro. Therefore, testing of strains freshly isolated from diseased individuals is necessary. Another difficulty is that when detecting mycoplasmas, sensitivity to antibiotics in vitro does not necessarily correlate with positive effect in vivo. This may be related to the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. These factors must be taken into account when prescribing etiotropic therapy, which in many cases may be part of combination therapy, especially for mixed infections.

European (2001) and American (2006) guidelines for the management of patients with urethritis contain recommendations according to which NGU should be treated according to basic and alternative regimens.

Basic schemes:

• azithromycin - 1.0 g orally, once;
• doxycycline - 100 mg 2 times a day for 7 days.

Alternative schemes:

• erythromycin - 500 mg 4 times a day for 7 days or 500 mg 2 times a day for 14 days;
• ofloxacin - 200 mg 2 times a day, or 400 mg 1 time a day, or 300 mg 2 times a day for 7 days;
• levofloxacin - 500 mg 1 time per day for 7 days;
• tetracycline - 500 mg 4 times a day for 7 days.

From the above schemes it is clear that the main antibiotics recommended for the treatment of NGU are tetracycline drugs, macrolides and fluoroquinolones.

If we summarize the recommendations set out in the main domestic guidelines (“Federal Guidelines for the Use of Medicines”, “Rational Pharmacotherapy of Skin Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections” (edited by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences A. A. Kubanova), “ Teaching materials on the diagnosis and treatment of the most common sexually transmitted infections and skin diseases (protocols for patient management)”, published by TsNIKVI), we can imagine the following etiotropic treatment regimens for NGU adopted in Russia.

Tetracycline antibiotics

Main drugs:

• doxycycline - 100 mg 2 times a day for at least 7-14 days. The first dose when taking the drug is 200 mg.

Alternative drugs:

• tetracycline - 500 mg 4 times a day for 7-14 days;
• Metacycline - 300 mg 4 times a day for 7-14 days.

Macrolides

Main drugs:

• azithromycin - a single dose of 1.0 g or 250 mg once a day for 6 days. The drug is taken 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals;
• josamycin - 500 mg 2 times a day for 7-14 days.

Alternative drugs:

• erythromycin - 500 mg 4 times a day for 7-14 days;
• roxithromycin - 150 mg 2 times a day for 7-14 days;
• clarithromycin - 250 mg 2 times a day for 7-14 days;
• midecamycin - 400 mg 3 times a day for 7-14 days.

Fluoroquinolones

• ofloxacin - 200-300 mg 2 times a day for 7-14 days;
• sparfloxacin - 200 mg 1 time per day for 10 days (on the first day the dose is doubled);
• levofloxacin - 500 mg 1 time per day for 10 days;
• Pefloxacin - 600 mg 1 time per day for 7-14 days.

Tetracycline drugs are the most common medicines for etiotropic treatment of patients with NGU caused by M. genitalium. And although doxycycline has been used in the treatment of various pathologies for several decades, its activity against the main pathogens of NGU remains high (D. Kilic et al., 2004).

That is why, according to all the recommendations mentioned above, the drug of choice for the treatment of NGU is doxycycline. The advantage of its use is its fairly high efficiency and relatively low cost of treatment. Doxycycline has higher bioavailability, a longer half-life, and is better tolerated than tetracycline. In addition, when using doxycycline, unlike other tetracyclines, there is no need to follow a diet designed to take into account the possibility of tetracyclines binding to Ca 2+ ions. The most common side effects when taking tetracycline drugs are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions. These reactions are significantly less severe when using doxycycline monohydrate rather than traditional doxycycline hydrochloride. The neutral reaction of doxycycline monohydrate (Unidox Solutab) eliminates the occurrence of esophagitis that occurs when using other forms of doxycycline. Doxycycline monohydrate is available in a unique dosage form of Solutab tablets, which can be taken orally whole, can be divided into parts or chewed, and can be dissolved in water to form a syrup-suspension (when dissolved in 20 ml of water) or a suspension solution (when dissolved in 100 ml water). The bioavailability of doxycycline monohydrate in this form is 95%, which practically corresponds to intravenous infusion. Therefore, a successful combination of chemical formula (monohydrate) and dosage form(solutab) makes the drug Unidox Solutab safe, and treatment with its help makes it highly compliant.

During treatment with tetracycline group drugs, patients should avoid exposure to sunlight due to the possibility of photosensitivity.

This side effect antibiotics from the macrolide group are completely devoid of antibiotics. All of the mentioned guidelines list the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin as the drug of choice for the treatment of NGU. This is facilitated by the unique pharmacokinetic characteristics of azithromycin: a long half-life, a high level of absorption and resistance to an acidic environment, the ability of this antibiotic to be transported by leukocytes to the site of inflammation, a high and prolonged concentration in tissues, as well as the ability to penetrate into cells. Due to the fact that a high therapeutic concentration of azithromycin in tissues is achieved after a single dose of a standard dose of antibiotic and remains in areas of inflammation for at least 7 days, with the advent of azithromycin, for the first time it became possible to effectively treat patients with chlamydial infection with a single oral dose of an antibiotic. The original and most famous azithromycin drug is Sumamed, which has been used in the Russian Federation since the early 90s of the last century.

The advantages of all modern macrolide antibiotics over the first antibiotic from this group, erythromycin, are higher efficiency, improved pharmacokinetics, good tolerability and lower frequency of dosing.

Side effects may occur when taking macrolides: gastrointestinal tract(nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and liver (increased transaminase activity, cholestasis, jaundice), as well as allergic reactions.

Josamycin has the most favorable safety profile compared to other macrolides. The frequency of side effects when taking it does not exceed 2-4%. The drug does not have hepatotoxicity and almost does not change the normal intestinal microflora. On our pharmaceutical market, josamycin is currently the only drug with trade name Vilprafen.

Please note: mycoplasmas can be resistant to “old” macrolides (erythromycin, spiramycin, oleandomycin) and streptogramins, but are highly sensitive to the newest macrolides (josamycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin) and lincosamines.

The next group of drugs with high activity against a wide range of pathogens of NGU (including M. genitalium), constitute fluoroquinolones.

Fluoroquinolones such as ofloxacin and sparfloxacin are especially highly effective for NGU, accompanied by massive colonization of opportunistic saprophytic flora, since this flora is usually sensitive to these antibacterial drugs. Their “leading position” is due to the breadth of the antibacterial spectrum, high bactericidal activity, excellent pharmacokinetic characteristics (rapid absorption, high concentrations of the drug in tissues, cells, biological fluids), low toxicity. When treating with sparfloxacin, higher compliance is achieved, since the drug is taken only once a day. According to Yu. N. Perlamutrov et al. (2002), sparfloxacin is highly effective against mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections. On the Russian pharmaceutical market, sparfloxacin is sold under the trade name Sparflo, and among the generics of ofloxacin Lately The drug Oflocid is gaining increasing popularity.

Like tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones have a photosensitizing effect. In addition, drugs from the fluoroquinolone group are contraindicated in patients with impaired liver and kidney function. From adverse reactions after taking fluoroquinolones, dyspeptic disorders, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, allergic reactions, and tendonitis may occur.

Thus, based on the literature review, when treating patients with urethritis caused by M. genitalium, preference should be given to doxycycline, the newer macrolides and fluoroquinolones. In case of recurrent infection, the issue of lengthening the duration of antibiotic use and the use of immunotropic drugs is considered.

M. A. Gomberg, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor
A. M. Soloviev, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor
I. N. Aniskova
V. P. Kovalyk, Candidate of Medical Sciences
TsNIKVI, MGMSU, Moscow

Mycoplasmosis is a fairly common disease caused by mycoplasmas, the smallest microbes known to mankind. Most often, the disease is transmitted through sexual contact, although there are other ways of transmitting bacteria.

Mycoplasmas are present in small quantities in almost every organism. But as long as their numbers do not violate reasonable limits, they do not affect health in any way. But as soon as the immune system weakens, their activity begins, increased reproduction in the mucous membranes. As a result, an infectious-inflammatory process develops, most often in the human genitourinary system.

How is mycoplasmosis transmitted, what is the treatment, what medications are needed for treatment, folk remedies, which ones exist? Let's talk about it today:

Features of infection with mycoplasmosis

Since the main route of transmission of bacteria is sexual, mycoplasmas are classified as pathogens venereal diseases, the cause of the development of diseases of the urinary system. This is due to the fact that the favorite habitat of these bacteria is the mucous membranes human body.

Unlike true infections, which are transmitted only through sexual contact, mycoplasmas can be transmitted through household contact. There is also a vertical transmission route - from an infected mother to a newborn during childbirth. Therefore, the disease takes different forms, which depend on the method of infection.

It must be said that mycoplasmosis is most dangerous for pregnant women, as it causes irreversible disturbances in fetal development and often provokes termination of pregnancy, premature birth.

How is mycoplasmosis treated? Drugs for therapy

If the diagnosis of mycoplasmosis is confirmed, the doctor will definitely prescribe treatment for both sexual partners in order to prevent reinfection. Treatment is prescribed individually for each patient, taking into account many circumstances. Remember that self-medication will not only not help cure the disease, but, on the contrary, will provoke the development of serious complications.

The main direction of therapy is taking antibacterial drugs. Antibiotics are prescribed to be taken in a course, the duration of which is determined by the attending physician. The most commonly prescribed course of treatment is Erythromycin. Tetracycline, Doxycycline or the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin may be prescribed.

Clarithromycin or Azithromycin are often used in treatment. These medications have fewer side effects, so they can be prescribed even to children.

Antibiotics are always combined with taking enzymes, immunomodulators, and vitamins. Local procedures are carried out.

In particular, immunomodulator drugs are used: Methyluracil, Timalin, as well as Immunomax, Galavit and T-activin. Very useful to use herbal immunomodulators: extracts, tinctures of ginseng, eleutherococcus, use preparations containing aloe extract.

Non-steroidal drugs are prescribed locally: Canephron, Phytolysin, Proline, etc. These drugs help neutralize and stop inflammatory processes.

Vitamin therapy consists of taking medications folic acid, thiamine, as well as pyridoxine, zinc, magnesium. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician. Repeated antibiotic treatment is often required.

How does traditional medicine treat mycoplasmosis? Folk remedies

All doctors claim that it is impossible to cure mycoplasmosis using traditional medicine. You can only reduce the intensity of symptoms by driving the disease deeper. However, after a short time, mycoplasmas will make themselves felt again. In addition, the disease may return burdened with various complications.

However, folk remedies can be used in conjunction with traditional treatment, having first consulted with your doctor. These drugs enhance the effect of medications, improve the patient’s condition, and speed up recovery. Here are some effective recipes:

When diagnosed with mycoplasmosis, it is useful to increase the consumption of fresh garlic.

Eat at least 3-4 cloves every day. You can prepare a garlic dressing that you can add to various dishes. To do this, chop a couple of heads of peeled garlic using a blender. Place in a jar, add salt and 1 tbsp. l. lemon juice. Mix everything, pour half a liter olive oil. Leave it for a day. Then you can use it.

Douche with an infusion of the following herbal ingredients: pour 2 tbsp into a saucepan. l. crushed oak bark, 1 tbsp. l. dry grass of the hogweed. Pour all 500 ml of boiling water. Cover with a lid and simmer for literally 10 minutes. Remove from the stove, insulate with a warm towel. Let it sit for 1 hour. The cooled broth must be filtered. Then douching in the morning and evening.

You can enhance the treatment of mycoplasmosis with the help of blue cornflower infusion. To do this, pour 2 tbsp into a cup. l. dried plant. Pour a glass of boiling water over the grass. Leave, covered, for an hour. Recommended intake: half a glass of strained infusion three times a day.

You can successfully use this remedy: pour 1 tbsp into a mug. l. St. John's wort and meadowsweet flowers. Raw materials pour 800 ml soft drinking water. Boil, simmer over low heat for 10 minutes. Next, place the saucepan in a steam bath, where you simmer for about 2 hours. Strain and add boiled water to the initial volume. Take half a glass three times a day.

When using folk remedies for the treatment of mycoplasmosis, remember that such treatment will only be effective if used in combination, together with medications prescribed by a doctor.

After the course of therapy, the doctor will prescribe an examination, based on the results of which the issue of the need for re-treatment will be decided. If the examination results are negative, the disease is considered completely cured.