Iodine in bottles: instructions for use. What is iodine made from? Processing of natural iodine storage Iodine in ampoules instructions for use

Iodine coagulates proteins to form iodamines. It has a bactericidal effect and also has cauterizing and tanning properties. Irritates receptors of mucous membranes and skin. Participates in the formation of thyroxine. During contact with skin or mucous membranes, 30% is converted into iodides, the rest is converted into active iodine. Iodine is partially absorbed. The absorbed part enters organs and tissues. Iodine preparations have the most pronounced effect on the thyroid gland. If there is iodine deficiency in the body, they help restore the impaired formation of thyroid hormones. When the body contains iodine in normal quantities, it inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones, reduces the sensitivity of the thyroid pituitary gland to TSH and blocks the secretion of TSH by the pituitary gland. The effect of iodine preparations on metabolism is manifested by an increase in dissimilation processes. In atherosclerosis, they lead to a slight decrease in the content of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol in the blood; they also increase lipoproteinase and fibrinolytic activity of blood serum and inhibit the rate of blood clotting. Iodine promotes the resorption and softening of syphilitic gums when they accumulate in them. But with the accumulation of iodine in the foci of tuberculosis, it leads to an increase in inflammation processes in them. When iodine is released by the excretory glands, the glandular tissue is irritated and secretion increases. This is due to the stimulation of lactation (in small doses) and expectorant effect. But in large doses, iodine can inhibit lactation. It is mainly excreted by the kidneys, to a lesser extent by the intestines, mammary and sweat glands.

Indications

Inflammatory and other diseases of the mucous membranes and skin; cuts; abrasions; microtraumas; neuralgia; myositis; atherosclerosis; inflammatory infiltrates; syphilis (tertiary); ozena; chronic atrophic laryngitis; endemic goiter; hyperthyroidism; chronic mercury and lead poisoning; disinfection of wound edges, skin of the surgical field, and surgeon's fingers.

Method of application of iodine and dose

Apply externally to the affected areas of the skin, larynx, into the conjunctival sac (3 times a day, 1 drop), instill into the nose (2 times a day, 5 drops). Orally, diluted in milk, after meals, for atherosclerosis - 1–2 times a day for 4 weeks, 5–12 drops, repeated courses (2–3 times a year), for syphilis - 2–3 times a day, 5 –50 drops, for children 2–3 times a day, 3–5 drops of a 5% solution.
If you miss the next dose of iodine, take it as you remember, and take the next dose after the set time from the last use.
When used together with yellow mercury ointment, it is possible to form mercury iodide in the tear fluid, which has a cauterizing effect. With prolonged use, phenomena of iodism are possible.

Contraindications for use

Hypersensitivity, for oral administration: nephritis, pulmonary tuberculosis, furunculosis, chronic pyoderma, acne, urticaria, hemorrhagic diathesis, adenomas (including those of the thyroid gland), age under 5 years, pregnancy.

Restrictions on use

No data.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of iodine is contraindicated during pregnancy. When breastfeeding, it can be used according to indications when prescribed by a doctor.

Side effects of iodine

For external use: skin irritation; with prolonged use on large surfaces - iodism (rhinitis, lacrimation, Quincke's edema, urticaria, salivation, acne).
When taken orally: tachycardia, skin allergic reactions, nervousness, increased sweating, sleep disturbances, diarrhea.

Interaction of iodine with other substances

Iodine is pharmaceutically incompatible with sedimentary white mercury (an explosive mixture is formed), ammonia solutions, essential oils. An acidic or alkaline environment, the presence of pus, fat, and blood reduce the antiseptic activity of iodine. Iodine reduces the goitrogenic and hypothyroid effects of lithium preparations.

Overdose

When inhaling iodine vapor, damage to the upper respiratory tract(laryngobronchospasm, burn); Severe burns may occur if concentrated iodine solutions are ingested. digestive tract, development of hemoglobinuria, hemolysis; lethal dose is approximately 3 g. Treatment: gastric lavage with 0.5% sodium thiosulfate solution, intravenous administration sodium thiosulfate 30% - up to 300 ml.

When we mention iodine, most of us think of a small bottle and cotton wool. This is exactly how our mothers treated scratches and abrasions in childhood. And today you can find such iodine, the price at the pharmacy is a pittance.

Many adults know that iodine is a very important trace element. It affects the functioning of the thyroid gland and is involved in the metabolic process. Iodine-containing medications will have a price that is an order of magnitude higher than a bottle for treating wounds. What is iodine made from? And why is the price so different?

What is iodine?

Iodine is a mineral that is found in inorganic compounds: water, soil, and after rain it can be found in the air. It is also present in many foods of plant and animal origin. Thus, it is well known that there is a lot of iodine in kelp, as well as other seafood: fish, shellfish, crustaceans.

Iodine is also found in ordinary food products that are well known to us: eggs, beef, milk, butter, regular cabbage, other vegetables, and grains. The whole problem is that there is not enough of it in them. So, for example, cod liver (it is believed to contain a lot of iodine) contains 800 mcg of the mineral, and to satisfy daily norm, you need to eat 180 g of this product daily.

When deciding which is better - brilliant green or iodine, we don’t think about how important iodine is in Everyday life person.

An adult needs 150 mcg of iodine per day, and pregnant women need 200 mcg. The norm for infants is 50 mcg, and for a schoolchild - 120 mcg.

Another problem associated with the delivery of this substance to the human body will be its destruction during the cooking process. So, during cooking, about 50% of this useful substance is lost. And in a month the pack will contain only 50% of the declared quantity.

Growing plants on soils poor in the mineral will significantly reduce its amount in the corresponding food products.

Here the solution to the problem can be called medical prices for them in the pharmacy, but are often far from publicly available.

Medical uses of iodine

Why is this mineral, found in very small quantities in the human body, so important for us?

It is only about 25 milligrams, but it plays a very important role for metabolic processes. So, about 15 mg of iodine is found in thyroid gland and is part of the hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine it produces. These hormones are responsible for many functions:

• have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of the body as a whole;
• regulate energy and heat exchange;
• participate in the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins;
• accelerate the process of cholesterol breakdown;
• regulation of cardiac activity is indispensable without them;
• they interfere with the process of blood clotting and the formation of blood clots;
• they are very important for the development of the central nervous system.

The remaining 10 mg is located in the reproductive organs - the ovaries (in women) and the prostate gland (in men), kidneys, liver, hair and nails.

The lack of this substance in the child’s body can cause a delay in his physical and mental development, and its excess will lead to poisoning called “iodism”, possibly to disruption of the thyroid gland, a terrible disease called “hyperthyroidism”.

For various purposes, the pharmaceutical industry produces different drugs. Today, medications containing easily digestible iodine are expensive. And this is connected not only with the technological process of manufacturing the medicine, but also with the fact that the extraction of iodine itself is technologically complex and financially expensive.

Many people are interested in the simple question of what is better - brilliant green or iodine when treating fresh wounds? It should be remembered here that iodine will not only prevent the development of fungus and destroy the infection, brilliant green also copes well with this. It will contribute more fast healing wounds - and in this case, iodine is more preferable.

Industrial uses of the mineral

Iodine is important not only for ensuring normal life cycle human, it is used in many industries, it is needed for production large quantity products.

So, with the participation of this substance, X-rays are taken, photographs are taken, added to bearing oil, glass for headlights and lamps with special effects are produced with its participation, it is needed to obtain high-purity metals.

Today, a new direction is developing in the production of incandescent lamps, where iodine plays an important role. Its use will significantly extend the service life of conventional incandescent lamps with a tungsten filament.

According to statistics, 99% of known iodine reserves are located in Japan and Chile, they are the main suppliers of it to the world market. Thus, Chilean companies produce over 720 tons of iodine per year.

Russia's production capacity allows it to produce up to 200 tons of raw mineral per year, which is 6 times less than the country's needs.

Extraction of iodine from seaweed

The question of the need for industrial production of this substance arose in the 18th century. Even then, it was noticed that marine plants have a high content of this important mineral. The first industrial production was the extraction of iodine from seaweed. In Russia, such a plant was built in Yekaterinburg (1915); it produced the mineral from phylloflora (Black Sea algae).

Today, the extraction of this raw mineral from algae is the most common method for obtaining iodine on an industrial scale. The production is built near the sea, during the process it is extracted from the ash of a dried sea plant. The largest enterprises extract up to 300 tons of crystalline mineral per year.

Sea kelp is considered to be the main source of industrial iodine production. It contains 0.8-0.16% iodine (in dry matter).

Isolation of mineral from nitrate waste

Isolation of iodine from mother brines of saltpeter production is one of the cheapest industrial methods. Here, to the question of what iodine is made from, the answer will be simple - from waste.

It was found that during production or sodium) up to 4 g of iodate and sodium iodide remain for every 1 kg of brine (this is 0.4%). The method has been used for more than 200 years all over the world, its main advantage is its low cost.

Obtaining iodine from brines

Another answer to the question of what iodine is made from would be the extraction of the mineral from natural inorganic raw materials - natural brines.

The fact is that when drilling oil wells a significant amount of iodine was found in the accompanying waters, sometimes over 100 mcg per 1 liter, but generally not higher than 40. This feature of deep waters was discovered by A. L. Potylitsyn (Russian chemist) in 1882, however, extracting the mineral from brines was expensive and economical unprofitable.

Industrial production began only in Soviet times after the coal method of iodine accumulation was invented (1930). Coal is capable of accumulating up to 40 g of iodine per 1 kg per month. Now this is one of the main methods of extracting raw crystals in Russia.

Ionite mining

This technique is very widely used in Japan. The method is new and has become widely used only in recent decades. Here, high molecular weight ion exchange resins are used to extract raw materials.

However, in Russia it is not used, since it does not make it possible to extract all the iodine from the raw material and leaves a significant amount of it in waste.

Innovative techniques of V. Ganyaev

Recently, Professor V. Ganyaev developed a unique technology for extracting iodine from mineral water. In the summer of 2016, a special installation was created, and today it is being successfully tested.

According to scientists, new technology It is not only environmentally cleaner, but also more economically profitable; chloride compounds and sulfuric acid brines are not used here. When using it, the amount of raw mineral mined will be 24 g per 1 liter of concentrate.

So to the question of what iodine is made from, one can also answer that in Russia it is from mineral water. Although scientists believe that this technology will make it possible to use brines accompanying oil production much more efficiently.

How is medical iodine produced?

Today, a well-known antiseptic - alcohol 5% iodine - is being used less and less. It has been replaced by drugs where iodine is used in combination with starch.

If we consider the question of whether there is a difference in the production of technical iodine and medical iodine, then we should pay attention to the following.

1. When producing raw material on an industrial scale, it is produced in the form of a crystalline mineral with a certain content of pure iodine (according to the periodic table).
2. Medical iodine becomes such after combining raw crystals with other substances: water, alcohols, ethers.

Hence the conclusion: initially, iodine crystals are not divided into medical and technical - they receive this status in the process of further processing.

The price of iodine preparations in pharmacies depends not on the main component, but on those additional components that will be included in the medicine. The well-known bottle of antiseptic contains only iodine and ethanol, whereas, for example, drugs for the treatment of hyperthyroidism will be 2 orders of magnitude more expensive. They contain many other components.

Latin name: Iodum
ATX code: D08AG03
Active substance: Iodine
Manufacturer: Yaroslavl pharmaceutical factory,
PFC update and others, Russia
Conditions for dispensing from a pharmacy: Over the counter

Physical properties of iodine: a solid substance, the crystals (plates) of which have a black-gray color with a purple tint and a specific odor. Iodine is obtained in a liquid state by heating under pressure. Scientists have determined what the melting point is - 113.5 °C.

Crystalline iodine and its alcohol solution have a bactericidal effect, reduce the risk of rotting and hardening of the skin when drying (cauterizing and tanning properties), anti-inflammatory and local irritant effects.

What are they made of? necessary for the body iodine

The following methods exist:

— Processing of seaweed (kelp)

— Extraction from natural solutions containing iodine (sea waters, salt lakes)

— Ionite method

— Obtaining iodine (technical) for needs National economy from saltpeter production waste.

Indications for use

An alcohol solution of iodine is recommended as an antiseptic - treatment of the skin around the wound, the surgeon's hands or the area of ​​the body within which surgery is performed, and an anti-inflammatory substance. The product can be used for the following indications:

Diseases of the nasal mucosa (ozena)

Third period of syphilis (tertiary)

Chronic illness blood vessels accompanied by the deposition of cholesterol plaques

Accumulation on an inflammatory area of ​​the skin cellular elements mixed with blood and lymph (inflammatory infiltrate)

Laryngeal atrophy

Chronic lead or mercury toxemia.

Composition of the drug

One milliliter of five percent alcohol solution contains 50 mg of iodine, as well as additional substances: 96 percent ethyl alcohol, potassium iodide and distilled water.

Medicinal properties

Iodine is necessary to maintain physiological state the thyroid gland is normal. Entering the body along with nutritious foods, it becomes part of the hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine. It has a hypolipidemic effect - it reduces the concentration of lipids, which has a beneficial effect on protein and lipid metabolism.

Iodine is one of the strongest antiseptics and is used to cauterize and tan skin. In medicine, the use of I is due to its irritating abilities, that is, its stimulating effect on nerve endings skin, mucous membranes, as well as a distracting effect - weakening pain syndrome in the area of ​​affected tissue.

The product has the property of coagulating proteins (clotting), which causes their death. Therefore, iodine is widely used in the treatment of fungal diseases, since the fungus that affects the skin epidermis and nail plate, have a protein environment. I has proven itself positively in the treatment of papillomas.

The substance is excreted through the kidneys, intestines and external secretion glands - milk and sweat.

Release form

The price of iodine in glass is on average 15 rubles, in a bottle with a shaving valve - 24 rubles, marker with l - 40 rubles.

Iodine is available in the form of an alcohol solution of 5, 3, 2 and 1%. The liquid for external use has a red-brown color with a characteristic odor.

Pharmaceutical companies offer the following packaging for sale:

Dark glass bottle. The form has a significant drawback - when uncorked, it leaves marks on the skin. Additional application tools are required, such as cotton swabs.

Dropper tube. After use, drops of the solution are retained in the valve, which may spill during the next use.

Medical bottle-pencil. Leaves no traces, easy to use. Disadvantage - it dries out instantly if the cap is not tightly closed.

Mode of application

The instructions recommend that when using the substance externally, moisten a cotton swab in the solution, which is used to treat damaged tissue. Take iodine in medicinal purposes It should be taken orally after meals, after mixing with milk. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor individually, depending on the pathology.

When fighting atherosclerosis, 10-12 drops are prescribed three times a day.

When treating papillomas with iodine, the neoplasm dies within 14 days. Before use, the nipple-like growth should be washed with soapy water and dried thoroughly, lubricate the skin around it with a rich cream and then apply the product directly to the formation.

Iodine mesh is effective for sprains, abrasions, respiratory viral infections, and diseases of the upper respiratory tract. When applied, l penetrates the skin and is absorbed into the blood, thereby activating blood flow, relieving inflammation and swelling. Indicated for use from one year of age.

An effective remedy for relieving the symptoms of a sore throat is to gargle 3-4 times a day with a solution prepared as follows: mix 250 ml of boiled water (cooled to a temperature of 36-37 ° C), 3 drops of iodine and 1 teaspoon each of soda and salt. After use, do not drink or eat for 30 minutes.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

Use during the lactation period is permissible if the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential danger to the child. Please note that the substance is excreted in breast milk, so you should consult a medical specialist. The instructions do not recommend the use of iodine during pregnancy.

Contraindications

• Individual intolerance
• Children up to 5 years of age for oral use and up to 1 year for external use
• Hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormones in the body)
• Dühring's disease (dermatitis herpetiformis)
• Treatment of trophic ulcers, including diabetes mellitus.

Precautionary measures

Use for treating mucous membranes requires supervision, since the alcohol contained in the composition can cause severe burns and irritation. Contact with eyes should be avoided.

Cross-drug interactions

Iodine is pharmaceutically incompatible with ammonia solution, essential oils and mercury amide chloride (an explosive mixture is formed upon interaction).

Side effects and overdose

Allergic reactions are possible. With prolonged use - iodism (iodine poisoning), which results in the manifestation of diseases such as urticaria, angioedema, increased salivation and production of tear fluid, acne.

An overdose can occur both after ingestion and through inhalation of vapors.

Symptoms of exceeding the permissible dose when using a concentrated solution orally: burn of the digestive tract, erythrocytosis, the appearance of hemoglobin in the urine.

An overdose by inhaling iodine vapor can cause complete contraction of the muscles of the larynx (laryngospasm), a burn of the upper respiratory tract, and an aseptic inflammatory process in those areas of the mucous membrane where iodine is released.

Dose leading to fatal outcome- 3 years

Treatment is symptomatic, it is necessary to wash off the excess substance running water. In case of poisoning, anti-shock therapy is used, aimed at reducing receptor irritation.

Conditions and shelf life

Iodine should be stored out of the reach of children, protected from light and fire, at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C. The drug is valid for 36 months from the date of production.

Ultraviolet radiation and air temperatures above 40 °C accelerate the decomposition process active iodine. Discoloration of the solution indicates a decrease in the effectiveness of the product.

Analogs

Among antiseptics, there are many iodine analogues that also have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The most popular are:

Betadine

Manufacturer - EGIS Pharmaceuticals PLC, Hungary.

Price solution for an average of 30 ml - 175 rubles.

The active ingredient is povidone-iodine. The drug has a disinfectant and antiseptic effect. Available in the form of solution, ointment and vaginal suppositories.

Pros:

• No side effects
• Variety of shapes.

Minuses:

• The product may stain clothing.

Povidone-iodine

Manufacturer - Hemofarm D.O.O. Sabac, Serbia.

Price in Russian pharmacies on average: liquid drug - 450 rubles, suppositories - 495 rubles.

Has an antiseptic and disinfectant effect. Not contraindicated for the treatment of trophic and diabetic ulcers, bedsores. According to messages on forums of patients and medical specialists, the drug in the form of suppositories is effective for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis and genital herpes. Women note that after 3-4 days of use, the symptoms are significantly reduced, the amount of discharge, the feeling of discomfort, and redness of the mucous membranes decrease.

Pros:

• Fast results.

Minuses:

• May cause itching and irritation.

Iodine: instructions for use and reviews

Latin name: Iodum

ATX code: D08AG03

Active substance: iodine + [potassium iodide + ethanol] (iodum + )

Manufacturer: Yaroslavl pharmaceutical factory, LLC "Lekar", Tula pharmaceutical factory, PFK "Obnovlenie", LLC "Hippocrates", LLC "Fito-Bot", Kazan pharmaceutical factory, Vladivostok pharmaceutical factory, Omsk pharmaceutical factory, Samaramedprom, Permfarmatsiya, CJSC "Rostov pharmaceutical factory" , Moscow Pharmaceutical Factory and others, Russia

Updating the description and photo: 13.08.2019

INSTRUCTIONS
By medical use drug

R No. 002591/01-2003

Tradename: Iodine

Compound:

Description: transparent liquid of red-brown color, with a characteristic odor.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

Pharmacological properties:

Indications for use: alcohol solution of iodine is used as an antiseptic, distracting, irritating agent for inflammatory and other diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. With myositis and neuralgia, the distracting effect of the drug appears.

Contraindications: increased sensitivity to iodine.

Directions for use and doses: Alcohol iodine solution is used externally.

Side effect: the drug, when taken for a long time, can cause symptoms of iodism (urticaria, runny nose, Quincke's edema, acne, lacrimation and salivation).

Interaction with other drugs:

Release form: 5% alcohol solution of iodine is available in dark glass bottles with a volume of 10 ml.