What are acetylsalicylic tablets used for? Acetylsalicylic acid - instructions for use. What does Acetylsalicylic acid help with?

Name:

Acetylsalicylic acid (Acidum acetylsalicylicum)

Pharmacological
action:

Acetylsalicylic acid has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. It is widely used for feverish conditions (high body temperature), headaches, neuralgia (pain spreading along the nerve), etc., and as an antirheumatic agent.
Anti-inflammatory effect acetyl salicylic acid explain its influence on the processes occurring at the site of inflammation.
Antipyretic effect is also associated with an effect on the hypothalamic (located in the brain) thermoregulation centers. The analgesic (pain-relieving) effect is due to the influence on pain sensitivity centers located in the central nervous system.
One of the main mechanisms of action of acetylsalicylic acid is inactivation(suppression of activity) of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins), as a result of which the synthesis of prostaglandins is disrupted. (Prostaglandins are biologically active substances produced in the body. Their role in the body is extremely multifaceted, in particular, they are responsible for the appearance of pain and swelling at the site of inflammation).
Impaired prostaglandin synthesis leads to loss of sensitivity of peripheral nerve endings to kinins and other inflammatory and pain mediators (transmitters).
Due to the disruption of prostaglandin synthesis, the severity of inflammation and their pyrogenic (increasing body temperature) effect on the thermoregulation center decreases. In addition, the effect of prostaglandins on sensitive nerve endings, leading to a decrease in their sensitivity to pain mediators. It also has an antiaggregation effect.

Indications for
application:

Acetylsalicylic acid has wide application as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agent.
Important feature acetylsalicylic acid is the ability of the drug to have an antiaggregation effect, inhibit spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation.

Rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious-allergic myocarditis;
- fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases;
- pain syndrome of weak and medium intensity of various origins(including neuralgia, myalgia, headache);
- prevention of thrombosis and embolism;
- primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction;
- prevention of violations cerebral circulation according to the ischemic type.

Mode of application:

In tablet form prescribed orally after meals. Usual doses for adults as an analgesic and antipyretic (for febrile illnesses, headaches, migraines, neuralgia, etc.) 0.25-0.5-1 g 3-4 times a day; for children, depending on age - from 0.1 to 0.3 g per dose.
For rheumatism, infectious-allergic myocarditis (heart disease), rheumatoid polyarthritis (an infectious-allergic disease from the group of collagenoses, characterized by chronic progressive inflammation of the joints) is prescribed for a long time for adults 2-3 g (less often 4 g) per day, for children 0.2 g per day a year of life per day. A single dose for children aged 1 year is 0.05 g, 2 years - 0.1 g, 3 years - 0.15 g, 4 years - 0.2 g. Starting from the age of 5, it can be prescribed in tablets of 0 .25 g per dose.
Also used soluble form of aspirin- Acylpyrine is soluble. In case of fever (sharp increase in body temperature) and/or pain, 1-2 tablets of 0.5 g are prescribed in a single dose. If necessary, the drug is taken again in the same dose. Maximum daily dose- 6 tablets. For acute rheumatism, a daily dose of 100 mg/kg body weight is prescribed in 5-6 divided doses. Single doses for children depend on age and are: children up to 6 months. - 50-100 mg; from 6 months up to 1 year - 100-150 mg; from 1 year to 6 years - 150-250 mg; from 6 to 15 years - 250-500 mg; prescribed 3 times a day. The drug is used at the end of a meal or immediately after a meal. Immediately before use, the tablet must be dissolved in 1/2 cup of water.

Side effects:

From the outside digestive system : nausea, vomiting, anorexia, epigastric pain, diarrhea; rarely - the occurrence of erosive and ulcerative lesions, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, impaired liver function.
From the side of the central nervous system: with prolonged use, dizziness, headache, reversible visual impairment, tinnitus, and aseptic meningitis are possible.
From the hematopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, anemia.
From the blood coagulation system: rarely - hemorrhagic syndrome, prolongation of bleeding time.
From the urinary system: rarely - renal dysfunction; with long-term use - acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome.
Allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, Quincke's edema, bronchospasm, "aspirin triad" (a combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid and pyrazolone drugs).

Contraindications:

Chronic or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms, peptic ulcers and duodenum(including history), increased tendency to hemorrhages, kidney disease, simultaneous treatment with anticoagulants, deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, asthma, impaired renal or liver function, pregnancy, increased sensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates.

Interaction
other medicinal
by other means:

When used simultaneously with anticoagulants the risk of bleeding increases.
When used simultaneously with other NSAIDs the side effects of the latter increase, including an increased risk of developing gastropathy. During treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, the nephrotoxic effect of methotrexate is aggravated, and when used simultaneously with oral hypoglycemic drugs - sulfonylurea derivatives - an increase in the hypoglycemic effect is noted.
When used simultaneously with GCS the risk of developing gastropathy and gastrointestinal bleeding increases. Acetylsalicylic acid weakens the effect of spironolactone, furosemide, antihypertensive drugs and drugs used for gout.

Pregnancy:

Please note that taking salicylates (in high doses) in the first 3 months. pregnancy has been linked in many epidemiological studies x s high risk development of deformities(cleft palate, heart defects). However, at usual therapeutic doses, this risk appears to be small, as a study of approximately 3,200 mother-child pairs found no association with increased rates of deformities. In the last 3 months. pregnancy, taking salicylates can lead to a prolongation of the pregnancy period and a weakening of labor pains. The mother and child had an increased tendency to bleed. When the mother takes acetylsalicylic acid shortly before birth, intracranial bleeding is possible in newborns (especially premature ones).
During breastfeeding When taking the drug in normal doses, interruption of breastfeeding is usually not required. If you regularly take large doses of the drug, you should consider stopping breastfeeding.
Without doctor supervision The drug should be taken only in normal doses and only for a few days.

There are drugs that do not need any special introduction. And it happens that the scope of a familiar product turns out to be much wider than we think. A good example is acetyl acid, familiar to most people since childhood. What does this drug help with and what possibilities does it contain?

Justified popularity

Acetyl acid is the same thing as aspirin. The substance has been known since the time of Hippocrates, when a natural healing substance was extracted from willow bark. People habitually call the drug aspirin, although its original name sounds exactly like “acetylsalicylic acid.”

The drug is widely known due to its reasonable cost, as well as its high effectiveness in the treatment of many diseases. Many people associate fever and chills with colds and ailments with taking this particular medicine. But what does acetyl acid not help with? In addition to fighting colds, the substance is actively used as a remedy for blood clots and headaches. This miracle drug is much more “multitasking” than many people think.

Instructions for use of acetyl acid

Acetylsalicylic acid is classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with an analgesic effect. When starting to take it, you should not only know the main indications, but also be aware of the possible additional properties of this unusual substance.

When is the drug used?

As a rule, acetyl acid is used to relieve pain of various etiologies, as well as to treat a number of inflammatory diseases. Indications for its use include the following:

high body temperature, which accompanies, in particular, respiratory tract infections;
headache;
toothache;
severe pain during menstruation;
pain due to osteoarthritis;
neuralgia;
pain in muscles and joints;
pain due to osteochondrosis;
rheumatic fever;
rheumatoid arthritis.

Contraindications

From the help of this active substance It is necessary to refuse in case of such ailments and conditions:

age up to 15 years;
stomach and intestinal ulcers;
bleeding disorders;
tendency to bleed;
bearing a child and breastfeeding;
spicy and chronic pathologies kidneys and liver;
hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Using medication to reduce fever for colds is the first thing that comes to mind for most people. Indeed, it copes with this task perfectly. In addition, the remedy helps eliminate chest pain due to lesions of the respiratory tract. However, to combat hyperthermia, it is more often recommended to use Paracetamol: the drug is safer and can be safely given to children

To bring down high temperature body, drink acetyl acid 3-4 times a day, 1-2 tablets. It is important to ensure that the daily dose of the substance does not exceed 4 g.

Treatment of rheumatism and joint pain

Acetyl acid has proven itself to be an excellent effective remedy from various types of arthritis, rheumatoid and joint pain. For the treatment of such diseases, tablets are taken 2-3 g per day, divided into 3 times. A peculiarity of the treatment of joint diseases with their help is the duration of administration, which the doctor determines individually.

Antithrombotic properties

The use of the drug for the treatment and prevention of heart and vascular diseases became possible thanks to the discovery of its antiplatelet properties. It has such a rapid and powerful antithrombotic effect that it is used for emergency assistance with heart attack, angina pectoris, ischemic stroke, vascular thrombosis. Timely intake helps to avoid lethal consequences in a number of dangerous situations. However, it is worth remembering the negative aspects of the drug: it greatly irritates the intestinal mucosa. In this regard, the use of the drug for prevention should be discussed with a doctor, he should select a gentle dosage.

Skin care

The use of acetyl acid for acne in home cosmetology may seem surprising. However, our grandmothers knew this method of improving facial skin.

To combat acne and small pimples, the substance is used in the form of a solution. To create the product yourself simple recipe It is enough to dilute the tablets of the drug in boiled water, after which you can begin applying it to the skin. The mask is kept on the face for 10-15 minutes, after which it is washed off.

A more complex and fast-acting recipe involves adding honey to the resulting solution and lemon juice. A teaspoon of the product is applied to problem areas of the skin for 10-15 minutes. This mask is quite aggressive, but it helps to get rid of acne very quickly.

Acetyl acid from pomelia

The benefits of acetylsalicylic acid for hangover syndrome are widely known among people. It is drunk after meals, washed down with water or milk. You can take no more than two tablets at a time. The product can be taken throughout the day, adhering to the maximum daily dosage.

It is important to remember that the combination of alcohol with acetyl acid can cause internal bleeding, so it is permissible to take the medicine no earlier than 6 hours after a violent feast.

By understanding what acetyl acid helps best and in what situations it is best to avoid it, you can use it effectively in many cases. The usual medicine has enough wide range opportunities and can provide no less effective assistance than its more expensive “colleagues”.

Acetylsalicylic acid (lat. Acidum acetylsalicylicum).
Formula: C9H8O4
Graphic formula:

Pharmacological group

Non-narcotic analgesics/antiplatelet agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), salicylic acid derivatives.

pharmachologic effect

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, it is rapidly absorbed mainly from the proximal region. small intestine and to a lesser extent from the stomach. The presence of food in the stomach significantly changes the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid.

Metabolized in the liver by hydrolysis to form salicylic acid, followed by conjugation with glycine or glucuronide. The concentration of salicylates in blood plasma is variable.

About 80% of salicylic acid binds to blood plasma proteins. Salicylates easily penetrate many tissues and body fluids, incl. into the spinal, peritoneal and synovial fluid. Salicylates are found in small quantities in brain tissue, traces in bile, sweat, and feces. It quickly penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted in small quantities in breast milk.

In newborns, salicylates can displace bilirubin from its binding to albumin and contribute to the development of bilirubin encephalopathy.

Penetration into the joint cavity accelerates in the presence of hyperemia and edema and slows down in the proliferative phase of inflammation.

When acidosis occurs, most of the salicylate is converted into non-ionized acid, which penetrates well into tissues, incl. into the brain.

It is excreted primarily by active secretion in the renal tubules unchanged (60%) and in the form of metabolites. The excretion of unchanged salicylate depends on the pH of the urine (with alkalinization of the urine, the ionization of salicylates increases, their reabsorption worsens and excretion increases significantly). T1/2 of acetylsalicylic acid is approximately 15 minutes. T1/2 of salicylate when taken in low doses is 2-3 hours, with increasing doses it can increase to 15-30 hours. In newborns, the elimination of salicylate is much slower than in adults.

Directions for use and dosage

Acetylsalicylic acid is taken orally, preferably after meals, with a sufficient amount of water; dosages are individual and depend on the disease.

The instructions recommend using acetylsalicylic acid for adults 3-4 times a day, 1-2 tablets (500-1000 mg), with the maximum daily dose being 6 tablets (3 g). The maximum duration of use of acetylsalicylic acid is 14 days.

In order to improve the rheological properties of blood, as well as as an inhibitor of platelet adhesion, ½ tablet of acetylsalicylic acid per day is prescribed for several months. In case of myocardial infarction and for the prevention of secondary myocardial infarction, the instructions for acetylsalicylic acid recommend taking 250 mg per day. Dynamic cerebrovascular accidents and cerebral thromboembolism require taking ½ tablet of acetylsalicylic acid with a gradual increase in the dose to 2 tablets per day.

Acetylsalicylic acid is prescribed to children in the following single doses: over 2 years of age - 100 mg, 3 years of age - 150 mg, four years of age - 200 mg, over 5 years of age - 250 mg. It is recommended that children take acetylsalicylic acid 3-4 times a day.

Indications

Acetylsalicylic acid is prescribed for:

acute rheumatic fever, pericarditis (inflammation of the serous membrane of the heart), rheumatoid arthritis (damage connective tissue and small vessels), rheumatic chorea (manifested by involuntary muscle contractions), Dressler's syndrome (a combination of pericarditis with inflammation of the pleura or pneumonia);
pain syndrome of mild to moderate intensity: migraine, headache, toothache, pain during menstruation, osteoarthritis, neuralgia, pain in joints, muscles;
diseases of the spine accompanied by pain: sciatica, lumbago, osteochondrosis;
febrile syndrome;
the need to develop tolerance to anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with the “aspirin triad” (a combination of bronchial asthma, nasal polyps and acetylsalicylic acid intolerance) or “aspirin” asthma;
prevention of myocardial infarction with coronary disease heart or in the prevention of relapse;
the presence of risk factors for silent myocardial ischemia, coronary heart disease, unstable angina;
prevention of thromboembolism (blockage of a vessel with a blood clot), valve mitral defects heart, prolapse (dysfunction) of the mitral valve, atrial fibrillation(loss of the ability of the muscle fibers of the atria to work synchronously);
acute thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the vein wall and the formation of a blood clot that closes the lumen in it), pulmonary infarction (blockage of a blood vessel supplying the lung with a blood clot), recurrent pulmonary embolism.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity (including “aspirin” asthma, “aspirin” triad), hemorrhagic diathesis (von Willebrand disease, hemophilia, telangiectasia), heart failure, aortic aneurysm (dissecting), erosive-ulcerative acute and recurrent diseases gastrointestinal tract, acute liver or kidney failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, hypoprothrombinemia (before treatment), thrombocytopenia, vitamin K deficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, breast-feeding, pregnancy (I and III trimester), age up to 15 years when used as an antipyretic. Limit the intake of acetylsalicylic acid for hyperuricemia, nephrolithiasis, gout, peptic ulcer, severe disorders of the kidneys and liver, bronchial asthma, COPD, nasal polyposis, uncontrolled arterial hypertension.

Side effect

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, epigastric pain, diarrhea; rarely - the occurrence of erosive and ulcerative lesions, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, impaired liver function.

From the side of the central nervous system: with prolonged use, dizziness, headache, reversible visual impairment, tinnitus, and aseptic meningitis are possible.

From the hematopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, anemia.

From the blood coagulation system: rarely - hemorrhagic syndrome, prolongation of bleeding time.

From the urinary system: rarely - renal dysfunction; with long-term use - acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome.

Allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, Quincke's edema, bronchospasm, "aspirin triad" (a combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid and pyrazolone-type drugs).

Other: in some cases - Reye's syndrome; with long-term use - increased symptoms of chronic heart failure.

Overdose

Symptoms. At mild form Intoxication with the drug may result in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, tinnitus, and headache. In severe cases - confusion, tremor, suffocation, metabolic acidosis, coma, collapse. Lethal doses are possible: for adults - above 10 g, for children - above 3 g.

Treatment. Correction of acid-base balance, water-electrolyte balance, infusion of sodium bicarbonate solutions, sodium lactate.

Drug interactions

When used simultaneously, antacids containing magnesium and/or aluminum hydroxide slow down and reduce the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid.
With the simultaneous use of calcium channel blockers, drugs that limit the intake of calcium or increase the excretion of calcium from the body, the risk of bleeding increases.
When used simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid, the effect of heparin and indirect anticoagulants, hypoglycemic agents, sulfonylurea derivatives, insulins, methotrexate, phenytoin, valproic acid.
When used simultaneously with GCS, the risk of ulcerogenic effects and gastrointestinal bleeding increases.
With simultaneous use, the effectiveness of diuretics (spironolactone, furosemide) decreases.
With the simultaneous use of other NSAIDs, the risk of developing side effects. Acetylsalicylic acid may reduce plasma concentrations of indomethacin and piroxicam.
When used simultaneously with gold preparations, acetylsalicylic acid can induce liver damage.
With simultaneous use, the effectiveness of uricosuric drugs (including probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, benzbromarone) is reduced.
With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium alendronate, severe esophagitis may develop.
With simultaneous use of griseofulvin, the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid may be impaired.
A case of spontaneous hemorrhage into the iris was described when taking Ginkgo biloba extract during long-term use of acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 325 mg/day. It is believed that this may be due to an additive inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.
With simultaneous use of dipyridamole, an increase in Cmax of salicylate in blood plasma and AUC is possible.
When used simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid, the concentrations of digoxin, barbiturates and lithium salts in the blood plasma increase.
With the simultaneous use of salicylates in high doses with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, salicylate intoxication is possible
Acetylsalicylic acid in doses less than 300 mg/day has a minor effect on the effectiveness of captopril and enalapril. When using acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, the effectiveness of captopril and enalapril may be reduced.
With simultaneous use, caffeine increases the rate of absorption, plasma concentration and bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid.
With simultaneous use, metoprolol may increase the Cmax of salicylate in the blood plasma.
When using pentazocine against the background of long-term use of acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, there is a risk of developing severe adverse reactions from the kidneys.
With simultaneous use, phenylbutazone reduces uricosuria caused by acetylsalicylic acid.
With simultaneous use, ethanol may enhance the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the gastrointestinal tract.

Use with caution in patients with liver and kidney diseases, bronchial asthma, erosive and ulcerative lesions and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract in history, with increased bleeding or while carrying out anticoagulant therapy, decompensated chronic heart failure.

Acetylsalicylic acid, even in small doses, reduces excretion uric acid from the body, which can cause an acute attack of gout in predisposed patients. When carrying out long-term therapy and/or using acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, medical supervision and regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels are required.

The use of acetylsalicylic acid as an anti-inflammatory agent in a daily dose of 5-8 g is limited due to the high likelihood of developing side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.

Before surgical intervention, to reduce bleeding during surgery and in postoperative period you should stop taking salicylates 5-7 days before.

During long-term therapy it is necessary to carry out general analysis blood and stool examination for occult blood.

The use of acetylsalicylic acid in pediatrics is contraindicated, since in the case of viral infection in children under the influence of acetylsalicylic acid, the risk of developing Reye's syndrome increases. Symptoms of Reye's syndrome are prolonged vomiting, acute encephalopathy, and liver enlargement.

The duration of treatment (without consulting a doctor) should not exceed 7 days when prescribed as an analgesic and more than 3 days as an antipyretic.

During the treatment period, the patient must abstain from drinking alcohol.

Conditions and shelf life

According to the instructions, acetylsalicylic acid should not be stored in a place where the air temperature can rise above 25°C. In a dry place and at room temperature The drug will be valid for 4 years.

Acetylsalicylic acid may not evoke any emotional response in the average person who is not privy to the mysteries of pharmaceutical terminology. But this is nothing more than the well-known aspirin. Or rather, on the contrary: aspirin is the trade name of acetylsalicylic acid, which, however, is available on pharmacy shelves not only under a “pseudonym”, but also under its original chemical name.

Acetylsalicylic acid is used as an analgesic, antipyretic, antithrombic and anti-inflammatory agent. At the biochemical level, the mechanism of action of this drug is based on inhibition of the synthesis of pain mediators and inflammatory reactions of prostaglandins (this occurs due to inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase) and thromboxane aggregates. Acetylsalicylic acid reduces blood flow to the site of inflammation, reduces permeability blood vessels, and, consequently, exudation, limits the amount of ATP used to maintain energy costs inflammatory process. The drug reduces the concentration of prostaglandins in the brain centers of pain and thermoregulation, which leads, accordingly, to a decrease in pain sensitivity and a decrease in body temperature.

The antiplatelet effect is associated with a decrease in the amount of thromboxane.

A drug called “acetylsalicylic acid” in Russia is available only in tablets. The drug should be taken after meals with a sufficient amount of liquid (water, milk, mineral water). Depending on the patient’s age, the recommended single and maximum daily doses of acetylsalicylic acid are respectively: 0.25-0.5 g and 3.0 g for adults and adolescents over 15 years of age; 0.25 g and 0.5 g for children from 6 to 15 years old. It is necessary to maintain an interval between doses of the drug of at least 4 hours when taking 3-4 times a day. In terms of using acetylsalicylic acid, the patient is given a certain amount of independence: 3 days as an antipyretic and 5 days as an analgesic, after which, if there is no improvement in the condition, it is necessary to consult a doctor. In case of accidental overdose of the drug, vomiting should be artificially induced and taken Activated carbon along with any strong laxative. Minor overdoses occur without significant consequences for the body.

Pharmacology

NSAIDs. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects, and also inhibits platelet aggregation. The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of the activity of COX, the main enzyme in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, which is a precursor of prostaglandins, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, pain and fever. A decrease in the content of prostaglandins (mainly E 1) in the thermoregulation center leads to a decrease in body temperature due to dilation of skin vessels and increased sweating. The analgesic effect is due to both central and peripheral effects. Reduces platelet aggregation, adhesion and thrombus formation by suppressing the synthesis of thromboxane A 2 in platelets.

Reduces mortality and the risk of developing myocardial infarction in unstable angina. Effective in the primary prevention of diseases of cardio-vascular system and in secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. In a daily dose of 6 g or more, it suppresses prothrombin synthesis in the liver and increases prothrombin time. Increases fibrinolytic activity of plasma and reduces the concentration of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X). Increases the incidence of hemorrhagic complications during surgical interventions and increases the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant therapy. Stimulates the excretion of uric acid (impairs its reabsorption in the renal tubules), but in high doses. Blockade of COX-1 in the gastric mucosa leads to inhibition of gastroprotective prostaglandins, which can cause ulceration of the mucous membrane and subsequent bleeding.

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, it is rapidly absorbed mainly from the proximal small intestine and to a lesser extent from the stomach. The presence of food in the stomach significantly changes the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid.

Metabolized in the liver by hydrolysis to form salicylic acid, followed by conjugation with glycine or glucuronide. The concentration of salicylates in blood plasma is variable.

About 80% of salicylic acid binds to blood plasma proteins. Salicylates easily penetrate many tissues and body fluids, incl. into the cerebrospinal, peritoneal and synovial fluids. Salicylates are found in small quantities in brain tissue, traces in bile, sweat, and feces. It quickly penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted in small quantities in breast milk.

In newborns, salicylates can displace bilirubin from its binding to albumin and contribute to the development of bilirubin encephalopathy.

Penetration into the joint cavity accelerates in the presence of hyperemia and edema and slows down in the proliferative phase of inflammation.

When acidosis occurs, most of the salicylate is converted into non-ionized acid, which penetrates well into tissues, incl. into the brain.

It is excreted primarily by active secretion in the renal tubules unchanged (60%) and in the form of metabolites. The excretion of unchanged salicylate depends on the pH of the urine (with alkalinization of the urine, the ionization of salicylates increases, their reabsorption worsens and excretion increases significantly). T 1/2 of acetylsalicylic acid is approximately 15 minutes. T1/2 of salicylate when taken in low doses is 2-3 hours, with increasing doses it can increase to 15-30 hours. In newborns, the elimination of salicylate is much slower than in adults.

Release form

10 pieces. - contour cellular packaging (1) - cardboard packs.
20 pcs. - contour cellular packaging (1) - cardboard packs.
30 pcs. - contour cellular packaging (1) - cardboard packs.
40 pcs. - polymer jars (1) - cardboard packs.

Dosage

Individual. For adults, a single dose varies from 40 mg to 1 g, daily - from 150 mg to 8 g; frequency of use - 2-6 times/day.

Interaction

When used simultaneously, antacids containing magnesium and/or aluminum hydroxide slow down and reduce the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid.

With the simultaneous use of calcium channel blockers, drugs that limit the intake of calcium or increase the excretion of calcium from the body, the risk of bleeding increases.

When used simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid, the effect of heparin and indirect anticoagulants, hypoglycemic agents, sulfonylurea derivatives, insulins, methotrexate, phenytoin, and valproic acid is enhanced.

When used simultaneously with GCS, the risk of ulcerogenic effects and gastrointestinal bleeding increases.

With simultaneous use, the effectiveness of diuretics (spironolactone, furosemide) decreases.

With the simultaneous use of other NSAIDs, the risk of side effects increases. Acetylsalicylic acid may reduce plasma concentrations of indomethacin and piroxicam.

When used simultaneously with gold preparations, acetylsalicylic acid can induce liver damage.

With simultaneous use, the effectiveness of uricosuric drugs (including probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, benzbromarone) is reduced.

With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium alendronate, severe esophagitis may develop.

With simultaneous use of griseofulvin, the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid may be impaired.

A case of spontaneous hemorrhage into the iris was described when taking Ginkgo biloba extract during long-term use of acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 325 mg/day. It is believed that this may be due to an additive inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.

With simultaneous use of dipyridamole, an increase in salicylate C max in blood plasma and AUC is possible.

When used simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid, the concentrations of digoxin, barbiturates and lithium salts in the blood plasma increase.

With the simultaneous use of salicylates in high doses with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, salicylate intoxication is possible.

Acetylsalicylic acid in doses less than 300 mg/day has a minor effect on the effectiveness of captopril and enalapril. When using acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, the effectiveness of captopril and enalapril may be reduced.

With simultaneous use, caffeine increases the rate of absorption, plasma concentration and bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid.

With simultaneous use, metoprolol may increase the Cmax of salicylate in the blood plasma.

When using pentazocine against the background of long-term use of acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, there is a risk of developing severe adverse reactions from the kidneys.

With simultaneous use, phenylbutazone reduces uricosuria caused by acetylsalicylic acid.

With simultaneous use, ethanol may enhance the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the gastrointestinal tract.

Side effects

From the side of the central nervous system: with prolonged use, dizziness, headache, reversible visual impairment, tinnitus, and aseptic meningitis are possible.

From the hematopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, anemia.

From the blood coagulation system: rarely - hemorrhagic syndrome, prolongation of bleeding time.

From the urinary system: rarely - impaired renal function; with long-term use - acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome.

Other: in some cases - Reye's syndrome; with long-term use - increased symptoms of chronic heart failure.

Indications

Rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious-allergic myocarditis; fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases; pain syndrome of weak and moderate intensity of various origins (including neuralgia, myalgia, headache); prevention of thrombosis and embolism; primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction; prevention of ischemic cerebrovascular accidents.

In clinical immunology and allergology: in gradually increasing doses for long-term “aspirin” desensitization and the formation of stable tolerance to NSAIDs in patients with “aspirin” asthma and the “aspirin triad”.

Contraindications

Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase, gastrointestinal bleeding, “aspirin triad”, a history of indications of urticaria, rhinitis caused by taking acetylsalicylic acid and other NSAIDs, hemophilia, hemorrhagic diathesis, hypoprothrombinemia, dissecting aortic aneurysm, portal hypertension, vitamin K deficiency, liver and/or kidney failure, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Reye's syndrome, childhood(under 15 years of age - the risk of developing Reye's syndrome in children with hyperthermia due to viral diseases), I and III trimesters of pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates.

Features of application

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Contraindicated for use in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. In the second trimester of pregnancy, a one-time dose is possible according to strict indications.

It has a teratogenic effect: when used in the first trimester it leads to the development of cleft palate, in the third trimester it causes inhibition of labor (inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis), premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus, hyperplasia of the pulmonary vessels and hypertension in the pulmonary circulation.

Acetylsalicylic acid is excreted in breast milk, which increases the risk of bleeding in the baby due to impaired platelet function, so acetylsalicylic acid should not be used by the mother during lactation.

Use for liver dysfunction

Contraindication: liver failure.

Use with caution in patients with liver disease.

Use for renal impairment

Contraindication: renal failure.

Use with caution in patients with kidney disease.

Use in children

Contraindication: childhood (under 15 years of age - the risk of developing Reye's syndrome in children with hyperthermia due to viral diseases).

special instructions

Acetylsalicylic acid, even in small doses, reduces the excretion of uric acid from the body, which can cause an acute attack of gout in predisposed patients. When carrying out long-term therapy and/or using acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, medical supervision and regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels are required.

The use of acetylsalicylic acid as an anti-inflammatory agent in a daily dose of 5-8 g is limited due to the high likelihood of developing side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.

Before surgery, to reduce bleeding during surgery and in the postoperative period, you should stop taking salicylates for 5-7 days.

During long-term therapy, it is necessary to conduct a complete blood count and stool examination for occult blood.

The use of acetylsalicylic acid in pediatrics is contraindicated, since in the case of a viral infection in children under the influence of acetylsalicylic acid, the risk of developing Reye's syndrome increases. Symptoms of Reye's syndrome are prolonged vomiting, acute encephalopathy, and liver enlargement.

The duration of treatment (without consulting a doctor) should not exceed 7 days when prescribed as an analgesic and more than 3 days as an antipyretic.

During the treatment period, the patient must abstain from drinking alcohol.

Universal help in the shortest possible time for a low price is acetylsalicylic acid.

It helps against many ailments and pressing problems. In addition to the well-known useful properties, acetylsalicylic acid for headaches is used by almost all people in a variety of situations.

On this page you will find all the information about Acetylsalicylic acid: full instructions on application to this drug, average prices in pharmacies, complete and incomplete analogues of the drug, as well as reviews of people who have already used Acetylsalicylic acid. Would you like to leave your opinion? Please write in the comments.

Clinical and pharmacological group

NSAIDs. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects, and also inhibits platelet aggregation.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

Available without a prescription.

Prices

How much does Acetylsalicylic acid cost? average price in pharmacies it is at the level of 15 rubles.

Release form and composition

Acetylsalicylic acid is available in tablets. The composition is represented by different amounts of active substance - 100, 250, 50 mg, supplemented citric acid and potato starch.

Pharmacological effect

After taking acetylsalicylic acid into the body, hyperemia decreases, capillary permeability at the site of inflammation decreases - all this leads to a noticeable analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. The drug quickly penetrates into all tissues and fluids, absorption occurs in the intestines and liver.

Action of acetylsalicylic acid:

Reduces elevated body temperature without affecting normal parameters;
Eliminates pain of mild to moderate intensity;
Acetylsalicylic acid thins the blood, disrupts platelet aggregation - the load on the heart muscle is reduced, and the risk of a heart attack is reduced;
Provides a lasting anti-inflammatory effect 24–48 hours after starting the medication.

The drug can be taken to prevent thrombosis, strokes, and reduce the risk of developing circulatory disorders in the brain.

Indications for use

What do these tablets help with? Indications for Acetylsalicylic acid are:

Fever syndrome;
Coronary heart disease, thromboembolism, and (as a prophylactic agent);
Acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic chorea, Dressler's syndrome, ;
Spinal diseases that are accompanied by pain syndromes(lumbago, );
Migraine, as well as headaches, joint, muscle, menstrual and toothaches, neuralgia, osteoarthritis;
Acute, pulmonary infarction.

Contraindications

Tablets should not be taken if:

"Aspirin triad";
Hemophilia;
Hypoprothrombinemia;
Vitamin K deficiency;
Renal and/or liver failure;
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency;
Children under 15 years of age;
Reye's syndrome;
Portal hypertension;
Hemorrhagic diathesis;
Dissecting aortic aneurysm;
I and III trimesters of pregnancy, as well as lactation;
Hypersensitivity to salicylates, including acetylsalicylic acid;
Presence in the anamnesis of information about urticaria, rhinitis caused by taking this drug medicine and/or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
Exacerbation of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
Gastrointestinal bleeding;

With caution, under careful medical supervision the medication is used for liver and kidney diseases, a history of gastrointestinal problems, bronchial asthma, increased bleeding, decompensated chronic heart failure, in the second trimester of pregnancy and during anticoagulant therapy.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Contraindicated for use in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. In the second trimester of pregnancy, a one-time dose is possible according to strict indications.

Instructions for use

The instructions for use indicate that acetylsalicylic acid tablets are intended for oral use, preferably after meals, washed down with milk, ordinary or alkaline mineral water.

The instructions recommend using acetylsalicylic acid for adults 3-4 times a day, 1-2 tablets (500-1000 mg), with the maximum daily dose being 6 tablets (3 g). The maximum duration of use of acetylsalicylic acid is 14 days.
In order to improve the rheological properties of blood, as well as as an inhibitor of platelet adhesion, ½ tablet of acetylsalicylic acid per day is prescribed for several months. In case of myocardial infarction and for the prevention of secondary myocardial infarction, the instructions for acetylsalicylic acid recommend taking 250 mg per day. Dynamic cerebrovascular accidents and cerebral thromboembolism require taking ½ tablet of acetylsalicylic acid with a gradual increase in the dose to 2 tablets per day.
The duration of treatment (without consulting a doctor) should not exceed 7 days when prescribed as an analgesic and more than 3 days as an antipyretic.

Under the supervision of a doctor acetylsalicylic acid is prescribed to children in the following single doses: over 2 years of age - 100 mg, 3 years of age - 150 mg, four years of age - 200 mg, over 5 years of age - 250 mg.

Side effects

Before starting to use acetylsalicylic acid tablets, the patient should consult a doctor. If the dose is exceeded or uncontrolled and prolonged use this drug the following side effects may develop:

Impaired visual acuity;
Bleeding – intestinal, nasal, gingival, stomach;
Pain in the epigastric region, nausea, vomiting;
Diarrhea;
Dizziness and weakness;
Loss of appetite;
Development of acute renal failure;
Bronchospasm, in severe cases development angioedema and anaphylactic shock;
Change clinical picture blood – decrease in the amount of hemoglobin and platelets;
Disorders of the liver and kidneys

Overdose

When using the drug in large quantities, not corresponding to the recommended doses, negative reactions of the body are possible. Overdose leads to the following problems:

dehydration of the body;
hearing and vision problems;
tremor;
disturbances of acid-base balance and electrolyte;
confusion;
nausea accompanied by vomiting, presence pain in a stomach;
drowsy state.

In rare cases, drug abuse leads to metabolic acidosis and coma.

special instructions

Acetylsalicylic acid, even in small doses, reduces the excretion of uric acid from the body, which can cause an acute attack of gout in predisposed patients. When carrying out long-term therapy and/or using acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, medical supervision and regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels are required.
Before surgery, to reduce bleeding during surgery and in the postoperative period, you should stop taking salicylates for 5-7 days.
The use of acetylsalicylic acid in pediatrics is contraindicated, since in the case of a viral infection in children under the influence of acetylsalicylic acid, the risk of developing Reye's syndrome increases. Symptoms of Reye's syndrome are prolonged vomiting, acute encephalopathy, and liver enlargement.

Alcohol compatibility

Alcohol during the period of ASA is contraindicated. This combination can cause gastric and intestinal bleeding, as well as severe hypersensitivity reactions.

Drug interactions

When used simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid:

Antidiabetic agents – lowering blood sugar levels;
Antacids containing magnesium and/or aluminum hydroxide slow down and reduce the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid;
Calcium channel blockers, drugs that limit the intake of calcium or increase the excretion of calcium from the body - increases the risk of bleeding;
The effect of heparin and indirect anticoagulants, methotrexate, phenytoin, valproic acid is enhanced;
Acetylsalicylic acid may reduce plasma concentrations of indomethacin, iroxicam;
The effectiveness of uricosuric drugs decreases;
Griseofulvin – possible disruption of absorption of acetylsalicylic acid;
GCS – increases the risk of ulcerogenic effects and gastrointestinal bleeding;
The effectiveness of diuretics (spirolactone, furosemide) decreases;
Other NSAIDs – increases the risk of side effects;
Alcohol – increased risk of developing gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding;
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors – increases the risk of developing gastrointestinal bleeding;
The concentrations of digosin, barbiturates and lithium salts in the blood plasma increase;
Reduced effectiveness of captopril and enalapril (when using acetylsalicylic acid in high doses);
Caffeine – increases the rate of absorption, plasma concentration and bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid, the risk of adverse reactions;
Platelet aggregation inhibitors – increased risk of bleeding.