Metal crowns. Solid crown: photos, reviews Coated steel crown

In appearance, a metal dental crown resembles a cap that is put on a damaged tooth or fixed to an implant if the first one is completely missing. The thickness of the metal crown is 0.2 – 0.3 mm. Its main advantages are the ability to withstand maximum chewing loads, affordable price and durability.

The disadvantage of a metal crown is its aesthetic imperfection - metal is much inferior in this sense to all other materials for making crowns. Therefore, such structures are installed mainly on the back teeth, where they are securely hidden from prying eyes.

Are metal crowns harmful?

It is fair to note that there is a possibility of galvanic reactions and allergies to metal crowns after their installation. To avoid such complications, clinics carry out thorough diagnostics, which makes it possible to identify the presence of allergies before a permanent structure is placed.

Contraindications for metal crowns

There are a number of restrictions under which it is not recommended to place metal crowns on a patient’s teeth. Among them:

• bruxism;
• allergy to metals;
• malocclusion;
• tooth root resorption (dentin destruction and bone tissue around the root);
• prosthetics of anterior teeth.

The last contraindication for metal crowns is included in the list of restrictions solely for reasons of aesthetics.

What metal are dental crowns made of?

Modern dentistry offers a fairly wide range of materials for metal crowns:

• steel
• alloy of chromium and cobalt
• silver and palladium alloy
• titanium
• gold
• platinum

There was a period in Russia when dentists preferred gold among all types of metal for dental crowns, because due to its softness, the structures fit tightly to the teeth and have a gentle effect on neighboring ones. But today they are increasingly preferred to alloys containing platinum or titanium. These materials provide even greater durability and biocompatibility with human tissues.

Metal crowns with coating are very popular today in prosthetics. They allow you to recreate the anatomical shape of a tooth with minimal grinding of healthy tissue. The coating can be gold, palladium or platinum - at the request of the patient - respectively, resulting in white coated metal crowns or yellow ones. For example, metal dental crowns coated with gold allow you to get long-lasting results without much damage to your wallet.

Types of metal crowns for teeth

According to manufacturing technology, metal crowns for teeth can be stamped or solid.

Stamped

This a budget option. To make a stamped metal crown, standard sleeves are used, which are given the required shape, resembling a case. Tooth preparation for a stamped metal crown requires the bare minimum, since it has very thin walls. Depulpation is not necessary for installation. For fixation, you need at least a third of the dental crown and a healthy root. Among the disadvantages of the design: incomplete restoration of chewing function, rapid wear, loose fit to hard tissue.

Cast

The production of a cast metal crown is made from individual impressions by casting. These are very durable structures, resistant to corrosion, they are very durable. Since solid crowns are manufactured exclusively, the risk of incomplete fit, and therefore the penetration of bacteria under the crown, is eliminated. The downside is that the preparation of teeth for a metal crown in this case requires quite significant preparation.

Types of solid metal crowns:

• simple;
• with spraying;
• with ceramic lining.

*Metal crowns on teeth with a white ceramic coating are practically indistinguishable from natural teeth, but their service life is much shorter than those made entirely of metal.

You should consult with your doctor about which metal crowns are best for a particular patient and how much it costs to install a metal crown from the selected material.

Installation of a metal crown

Before the procedure for installing a metal crown, the patient will first undergo a diagnosis of the condition of the oral cavity, professional teeth cleaning, caries treatment and canal filling, if necessary. Only after this can you begin to fix the metal crown on the tooth. The installation of all structures takes place in several stages:

1. The damaged tooth is ground down or, if the crown is destroyed almost to the base, a special inlay is installed on it, onto which the structure is then fixed.


2. An impression of the tooth under the crown is taken, as well as the teeth adjacent to it.


3. A temporary onlay is placed on the tooth; it will protect it from destruction while the permanent structure is being manufactured.


4. A three-dimensional model is made from wax, and a permanent crown is cast on it.


5. The temporary structure is removed and a permanent metal crown is installed on the tooth.

To install a metal crown on a tooth, the patient, as a rule, needs to come to the dental clinic twice: to prepare for prosthetics and only then to fix the microprosthesis.

Service life of a metal crown

Metal crowns have high wear resistance and, in principle, break very rarely. Steel structures can serve a person for 12–15 years, titanium crowns - more than 20 years. If the patient has crowns with ceramic lining, their service life will be 7–8 years. In this case, structures do not require additional care and allow you not to change your usual diet, since they can withstand solid food. But we don’t recommend experimenting with biting wires or opening bottles with your teeth - everything has a limit. Treat crowns like your natural teeth.

Is it possible to remove a metal crown?

Sometimes during operation it may be necessary to remove the metal crown. This is required in cases where:

• the crown decemented, as a result of which it became mobile;
• the tooth under the crown began to hurt due to the development of caries;
• there was a need for prosthetic replacement of the adjacent tooth. In this case, it is easier to install a bridge that will solve the problems of several damaged teeth at once;
• The crown is worn out and requires replacement.

To remove a metal crown from a tooth, dentistry uses two main methods: sawing and using a Kopp apparatus.

If the crown is removed due to the development of caries, then it is first treated, and only after that a microprosthesis is installed. If it falls off the patient during use, then the doctor will conduct an examination and find out why this happened. After the cause is found and eliminated, the metal crown will be put back.

To avoid having to resort to repeated prosthetics with metal dental crowns, you should take a responsible approach to choosing a specialist and, of course, monitor your oral health - both at home and under the regular supervision of professionals.

Everyone wants to have a snow-white smile. But not everyone can boast of naturally white teeth. In addition, with age, the enamel darkens from external factors.

Most often, lovers of strong tea and coffee, as well as those who abuse smoking, suffer from yellowing of the enamel. How can you achieve a whiter smile?

During treatment, the doctor applies a whitening composition to the treated part of the tooth. The application is carried out using a laser or any other dental light device. The result becomes noticeable immediately after the procedure.

The color of the enamel primarily depends on its thickness. The thinner it is in a person, the darker the teeth will look. Spraying will give it a thicker layer.

Cracks often appear on the surface of the enamel, into which food or drinks get caught. This is what gives teeth a dark color; at the same time, such plaque is very difficult to clean with a toothbrush. No whitening paste can restore a snow-white appearance to a smile. Coating teeth with artificial white enamel smoothes the surface of teeth and removes chips and cracks.

The spraying procedure not only makes the enamel whiter, but also strengthens the teeth. They become stronger and less susceptible to caries. That is why this procedure is carried out not only for aesthetic purposes, but also in the process of treatment and prosthetics.

What goals are being pursued?

Spraying is not very popular. A person who has a completely healthy mouth most often uses other whitening methods. Spraying is primarily suitable for people with damaged enamel or those who need to install dentures.

This modern method of cleaning teeth is suitable not only for restoring color, but also for renewing the enamel layer. The applied preparation does not contain the optimal amount of calcium. In addition, in the process of applying layers of one or another composition, the surface is polished, which gives the effect of a “Hollywood smile”.

After all the manipulations are completed, the person receives:

• a charming snow-white smile;
• strong, healthy crowns;
• increased sensitivity threshold due to an increase in the enamel layer;
• reliable protection against caries.

The procedure is considered absolutely safe and is recommended for ongoing preventive care.

What does modern dentistry offer?

The spraying technique is very often used during prosthetics. The application of a special composition to metal crowns is very popular. By imparting a certain color, it is possible to imitate the natural color of the crowns.

One of the most common spraying methods is coating with fluorine-containing elements, fluoridation. This is the most affordable procedure in terms of cost. The only inconvenience is that it needs to be done several times.

Fluorides create a protective film on enamel. Application is carried out very carefully, since contact of the drug with the mucous membrane can cause complications.

One of the most successful and practiced techniques is the application of zirconium. It is applied to the metal surface of the crown.

The zirconium layer has characteristics similar to the appearance of enamel. Through such a layer the metal is not visible at all.

An impeccable appearance can be achieved with the help of veneers. This is the covering of teeth with plates that are made individually for each client.

For children's teeth, one of the most common coating methods is silvering of baby teeth. During the procedure, a special composition is applied to areas of enamel that are affected by caries, which protects the teeth from further destruction.

This is ensured by a special composition. The procedure is not expensive, so it is very popular. But there is important point, it can only be carried out if the child still has milk.

Price issue

As stated above, silvering children's teeth does not belong to the class of expensive procedures. The cost of manipulations varies from 600 to 1200 rubles. It is due to its availability that this type of spraying is very popular.

But the procedure for adults is already expensive. Cleaning and whitening in a dental office will cost the patient from 12,000 to 16,000 rubles. Installing one coated metal crown will cost 1,500 rubles. A cast metal tooth with a special compound applied costs the same amount.

The spraying technique is safe and effective. But the main problem is its high cost. This is what becomes an obstacle for most clients of dental clinics.

Spraying enamel on teeth is a full-fledged independent segment in the aesthetic dentistry industry. The method is widely used in dental prosthetics, as well as in restoring the visual attractiveness of a smile after aggressive treatment. Spraying refers to the uniform application of a special specific paint to the surface of the teeth, after which it firmly “sticks” to them and creates the effect of a natural snow-white smile.

I must say, the procedure is not so popular in itself. A person with a completely healthy oral cavity resorts to completely different methods of whitening, ranging from laser to medication.

But if the enamel is destroyed on its own, or a person needs unattractive dentures, spraying creates the greatest demand among dental patients. Some prefer even exotic techniques of spraying enamel on their teeth to make them platinum or gold. But first things first.

The process of destruction of enamel leads not only to numerous diseases of the oral cavity, but also to a significant decrease in the aesthetics of a smile. And alas, banal teeth cleaning cannot cope with this destructive process, even if it is performed by a professional on an outpatient basis.

However, there is a new hygienic procedure that involves not only effective sanitation of the oral cavity, but also medicinal spraying of concentrated calcium onto the surface of the teeth. Previous cleaning techniques, for example, ultrasonic, were aimed only at eliminating the stone and subsequent application of fluoride-containing paste to the surface of the bone tissue.

This method really helped to avoid the formation carious cavities, however, it only protected dentin, without affecting the deep structures.

Modern cleaning technologies are suitable not only for whitening, but also for deep restoration of tooth enamel. During the procedure, the dentist applies a special solution containing calcium in the optimal amount.

In luxury segment blades, exclusive products are used for this procedure, for example, pearl powder. As a result, the tooth is saturated with calcium and becomes much less susceptible to various diseases.

In addition, the surface is polished, which creates the effect of a real Hollywood smile. The powder granules have a specific structure and do not contain hard abrasives, which eliminates an increase in sensitivity after using the method.

As a result of cleaning with calcined coating, the patient receives:

• A charming snow-white smile;
• Healthy shine and ideal density;
• Minimum sensitivity threshold after applying the method;
• Strengthening teeth and prolonging their healthy state;
• Reliable protection against caries, pulpitis and other destructive processes.

It must be said that not every average patient can afford such a procedure. It, like standard professional cleaning, is recommended to be performed regularly, at a certain time interval.

However, it is she who provides high-quality oral care, therefore, for fans Hollywood smiles it's still worth the investment to get it done.

Each clinic uses different compositions when sprayed on teeth for whiteness. If you decide to resort to such a procedure, specify which particular remedy will be used in your case.

The composition itself is applied sequentially, mainly using a laser. This procedure is completely painless and safe, and therefore arouses genuine interest among numerous clients of aesthetic dental offices.

Sprayed crowns are standardly used for dental prosthetics. However, standard implants may not be suitable for everyone, because the color of the “native” enamel is as unique as everything else in the human form.

Agree, a snow-white crown will contrast with nearby teeth of a grayish or yellowish tint. It is for this reason that spraying is used simultaneously on all teeth, at least those that are exposed when smiling.

Spraying tooth enamel with zirconium is now extremely popular. The fact is that zirconium dioxide crowns themselves are quite expensive.

However, with a limited budget, it is possible to use the same material on already installed metal crowns. Crowns on teeth coated with high-quality zirconium are absolutely no different from the “healthy” part of the mouth.

In addition to the aesthetic part, this method ensures the creation of a dense zirconium layer on the pins themselves, thereby helping to protect against metal penetration into the oral cavity. But the installation of metal prostheses often leads to rejection foreign bodies and the development of allergic reactions.

If it happens that you have lost your teeth and you need to restore them without compromising your beauty, the best option for you is dental prosthetics with spraying. Metal crowns and bridges do not look very attractive, and this is no secret. And if you cover them with a dense substance that imitates healthy, polished enamel, appearance will not only be restored, but also significantly transformed.

Remember the first prosthetics that we all saw in the 90s? They were gold teeth, i.e. crowns with gold plating. This is not to say that this method was cheap, but it was used by everyone who had lost teeth.

Despite the real gold sparkling in the mouth, this method was not visually acceptable. Although, to be honest, some outrageous people deliberately resort to it today, when dentistry, in particular aesthetic dentistry, has been developed, it would seem, to its evolutionary limit.

There were also steel prostheses. They were cheaper, but much stronger. In addition, they caused almost no allergic reactions and problems with gum inflammation.

Modern metal simulators of teeth with coating are in no way different from their healthy and intact “neighbors”. Prosthetics takes place in several stages: a pin is created, then an impression is made, and only after that a special composition is applied to the frame, creating the effect of a full-fledged tooth.

Titanium nitride is often applied to coated iron dental prostheses. This procedure is carried out using the vacuum-plasma method. As a result, the tooth looks as if it was molded from gold. Some patients contact clinics with a request to cover only part of the tooth with gold. This is impossible, since the entire prosthesis is sprayed on both sides.

Spraying enamel can be useful to you in several situations. If there was prosthetics, this procedure will become the most relevant. You can also safely resort to it to strengthen natural enamel or safely whiten teeth. Whatever your whim or need, we strongly recommend that you contact an experienced and competent specialist.

Due to the high demand for dental services, many private clinics and dental offices have appeared where newcomers and trainees work.

If you want to get a decent, high-quality result, seek help only from highly qualified specialists. Take care of your oral health and let your smile always shine with health!

Video: Snow-white smile using spraying: health risk or active protection?

The adverse effects of external factors lead to a weakening of the crystal lattice of tooth enamel and the formation of microcracks on its surface.

As a result of this, it develops increased sensitivity(hyperesthesia) of teeth, their color changes, and the risk of caries increases. To coat teeth with enamel, dentists use pharmaceutical gels and varnishes that contain various mineral compounds.

In what cases is it recommended to coat teeth with varnish?

The protective properties of enamel are due to the strength of the bonds in its crystal lattice formed by calcium mineral compounds (hydroxyapatites).

In addition to performing a barrier function, this layer of crowns ensures the transparency and shine of healthy teeth when exposed to sunlight.

If the chemical bonds in hydroxyapatite prisms are weakened, mineral substances are gradually washed out from the hard tissues of the tooth (demineralization) and the enamel becomes thinner. At the same time, the affected tooth loses its shine and becomes darker.

After the completion of the physiological processes of mineralization, active proteins of the enamel matrix and stem cells disappear in the hard tissues of teeth. Lack of these structural components explains the impossibility of producing a replacement mineral coating in mature tooth enamel and the formation of new hydroxyapatite prisms in the crystal lattice.

At the initial stages of demineralization of hard tooth tissues, it is possible to slow down the rate of development of destructive processes and partially restore the damaged enamel surface artificially. For this purpose, the following treatment methods have been developed in dentistry:

1. Coating the surface of teeth with gels and varnishes containing simple fluorides (NaF).
2. Deep fluoridation is the saturation of hard tooth tissues with mineral compounds by treating damaged surfaces with preparations that contain complex fluorine compounds (CaF2). Thanks to this, the therapeutic effect in comparison with the use of fluoride-containing varnishes is enhanced 100 times.
3. Physiotherapeutic treatment - strengthening the structure of tooth enamel by introducing fluoride and calcium ions into it using low-frequency discharges electric current(electrophoresis).
4. Enamel implantation is an innovative technique developed by American scientists. Only this one healing method allows you to restore fairly large damaged areas of tooth enamel. Along with the therapeutic effect, after enamel implantation, the appearance of teeth improves - the use of this technology helps to lighten their surface by up to 10 tones.

• treatment of hyperesthesia;
• protecting teeth from the aggressive effects of acids, for example, if there is a history of gastroesophageal reflux;
• temporary anesthesia of dental units ground before installing artificial crowns;
• protection and restoration of the enamel surface after removal of braces or cosmetic teeth whitening;
• slowing down the processes of destruction in the hard tissues of the tooth in the presence of the first signs of caries formation (stain stage). The most effective results in reducing the caries process are observed when treating baby teeth.

Latest Developments pharmaceutical industry made it possible to create a fluoride varnish that not only helps strengthen tooth enamel, but also acts as a paint. After applying such products, a short-term cosmetic effect is achieved - the surface of the teeth is instantly evened out in color, lightened by several tones, and the painted edges of the fillings are masked.

Composition and properties of artificial enamel

Coating teeth with artificial enamel is not a completely correct description medical procedure. Its correct name is remineralizing therapy.

For each patient, the dentist individually selects a method of remineralization of hard dental tissues, taking into account, first of all, the severity of the identified destructive processes.

Clinical studies have shown that fluoride compounds are a potential protective factor against dental caries. In most cases, to achieve positive results enough simple fluoridation tooth enamel. To this end, in dental practice pharmaceutical varnishes are used, the active component of which is sodium fluoride (the drug “Ftorlak” from domestic manufacturers). The therapeutic effect of using fluoride-containing varnishes is achieved in two ways:

1. penetration of fluoride ions into the structure of tooth enamel and an increase in the size of hydroxyapatite crystals;
2. suppression of the vital processes of opportunistic microflora contained in soft plaque on the teeth.

For deep fluoridation drugs are used such as:

• "Gluftored" (manufacturer "VladMiva");
• enamel-sealing liquid (manufacturer HUMANHEMIE).

They simultaneously contain several fluorides (sodium, magnesium, copper, calcium, etc.), and the diameter of the ions active substances 2 times smaller than the pore diameter of loosened enamel. This promotes their better penetration into the structure of the crystal lattice and guarantees maximum therapeutic effect.

Enamel sealing liquid (5ml+5ml)

After applying the drug, a protective film is formed, from which fluoride ions gradually penetrate into the hard tissues of the tooth. Fluoride microcrystals in these medicinal products protected from mechanical stress, as a result of which they provide long-term remineralization of the damaged enamel surface.

The enamel implantation procedure is carried out using Lumibrite nanocomposite material. This pharmaceutical product is a varnish that hardens under the influence of rays of a certain length.

When a nanocomposite is used, a protective coating is formed on the surface of the teeth, which helps to seal and protect damaged areas of enamel from aggressive external influence.

Due to the proximity of the structures, the nanocoating at the molecular level connects with hard tissues tooth, as a result of which it performs the functions of healthy enamel for 1.5-2 years.

Features of the procedure in dentistry

In dental offices, fluoride-containing preparations are applied to the surface of teeth in two ways:

1. brush or spatula-shaped stick;
2. using special trays made individually for each patient based on impressions of his dentition.

Before applying the drug, the dentist cleans the surface of the enamel from soft plaque, slightly dries it with a stream of air and, using gauze swabs, isolates the teeth from saliva.

Features of the use of fluoride composition depend on its type and are determined by the manufacturer. The number of procedures required to achieve a therapeutic effect is prescribed by the attending physician.

How to varnish your teeth at home

At home, only fluoride-containing varnishes can be used. To apply them, use brushes that are sold complete with the drug. Rules for the varnish application procedure:

1. Thoroughly clean your teeth from soft plaque and food debris using regular toothpaste and a medium-hard brush.
2. Isolate teeth from saliva using gauze swabs.
3. Breathe a little open mouth to remove excess moisture from the enamel surface (strong drying is not required).
4. To prevent saliva from accumulating in the oral cavity, the procedure should begin with the lower jaw. During this procedure, it is necessary to ensure that the varnish does not get on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity.
5. Using a brush, apply the varnish evenly to the surface of damaged teeth. The product is distributed on the enamel in a thin layer in the direction from the gums to the cutting edge of the tooth.
6. After applying the medicinal composition, do not close your mouth for 3-5 minutes so that the varnish has time to harden. After the procedure, it is forbidden to brush your teeth or eat solid food for 12-24 hours.

Before using fluoride-containing varnishes yourself, you should consult your dentist.

The price of covering teeth with white enamel in dentistry

The cost of tooth remineralization in dental clinics is determined, first of all, by the severity of enamel damage and the type of fluoride-containing drug used.

The average cost of processing 1 tooth is 150-200 rubles.

If a patient is indicated for deep fluoridation, the cost of the procedure increases to 700-800 rubles.

The most expensive is enamel implantation - the cost of covering 1 tooth, on average, is 4,500 rubles.

How much does the drug cost at the pharmacy?

Fluoride varnishes, which can be used at home, can be purchased in stores and pharmacies specializing in the sale of dental materials.

The price of these products depends on their composition and manufacturer:

• Fluoride varnish (25 g bottle) – 230-250 rubles;
• Dental Paint varnish (10 ml bottle) – from 2000 rubles;
• White Enamel enamel (6 ml bottle) – from RUB 2,300;
• Color Professional enamel (pack of 6 ml) – from 2000 rubles;
• Celebrity white flash polish (pen bottle 3 ml) – 500 rub.

All of the above products, except for the drug "Fluorovarnish", allow you to temporarily whiten the surface of your teeth.

The cosmetic effect lasts for 12-24 hours and disappears when drinking carbonated drinks, solid foods, or after brushing your teeth.

Reviews

Feedback from all patients, without exception, about remineralization therapy carried out in the dental office is positive - tooth sensitivity noticeably decreases after the first procedure. The effect of enamel remineralization at home may be less pronounced if the patient does not follow the rules for its implementation.

Reviews about the use of varnishes and enamels for teeth that have a whitening effect at home are not so clear. Many consumers who have used these products on their own report a negative result - the drug is difficult to distribute evenly over the entire surface of the teeth.

Only a dentist can guarantee the high efficiency and safety of covering teeth with artificial enamel. When performing this procedure in medical institution not only is the algorithm of necessary actions followed, but all possible risks for the patient are taken into account.

Metal crowns are an eternal classic, and they are in demand even despite the emergence of ceramic crowns, which look more attractive. What are their advantages?

Crowns are the best help for the most seemingly hopeless teeth. Even if the natural crown is almost destroyed, there is no need to remove the healthy root. Of course, a titanium pin can be inserted in its place, but there is no need for unnecessary interventions in the body.

Some consider metal crowns to be a kind of “relic of the past” - they have been replaced by snow-white ceramic products. However, the quality of the “classics” is not questioned, and some are better replaced with “hardware”. In addition, there is an excellent alternative - metal crowns with a smooth white coating.

What are they needed for

Using metal attachments, you can restore teeth that have lost a large amount of hard tissue. The reason for the destruction does not matter, the main thing is a healthy root that can still be saved. In rare cases, problems with abnormal positioning or diastemas are solved with the help of metal crowns on teeth.

Similar products are also needed to create a prosthesis; they are installed on a pin - an artificial root. With their help, you can completely restore natural functionality; crowns cope with chewing loads no worse than real teeth.

Before installation, it is necessary to completely cure the problem tooth - remove caries, periodontitis or pulpitis, fill one root canals. Products take root better on non-pulpless multi-rooted chewing teeth, so during preparation, dentists try to preserve the pulp.

If the coronal part is severely damaged, treatment alone is not enough - iron pins must be inserted into the root canals; some of the hard tissues can be restored using a composite (filling) material. Afterwards, you can begin grinding the tooth for installation of crowns.

Advantages and disadvantages

One of the main advantages is durability. Roughly, iron chewing teeth can last for several decades. It is almost impossible to damage them during operation; the risk of chips or cracks is reduced to zero. Crowns made of gold metals are processed very easily; when installed, they are adjusted with maximum precision and perfectly imitate the required tooth shape. Another advantage is that during chewing activity they do not have a negative effect on the opposing natural tooth.

Titanium crowns are not inferior in quality to gold prostheses - they do not have side effects, are non-toxic and are even used to treat children's teeth. The quality and reliability of the materials allow the products to be placed on chewing teeth, which, unlike the front teeth, face serious chewing loads every day.

The most expensive option is gold dentures; the price of conventional metal dentures hits the wallet less painfully.

The main disadvantage is the appearance: metal dental crowns look very different from natural ones, which is why they are practically not placed on the front teeth, so as not to disturb the aesthetics of the smile. Their visibility will depend on the structure of the jaw; in some people, chewing teeth are visible when talking. Coated metal crowns can solve the problem.

Products made from conventional alloy are affordable, but if you are hypersensitive to certain types of metals, they can cause an allergic reaction.

In this case, her crown will have to be removed and another prosthetic option will be sought. Patients prone to allergies will have to choose more expensive, cheaper and safer metals that will not cause harm to the body.

Stamped dentures can be somewhat dangerous: there is a small gap between the tooth and the gum, because of this there is a high probability of inflammation of the soft tissues, an unpleasant odor and the development of caries. The thin walls of the “stamps” gradually wear out and can significantly worsen the condition of the tooth, which will eventually have to be removed.

Types of metal crowns

Metal dental crowns can be divided into two types: stamped and solid.

Stamped products are easier to manufacture and their cost is lower than cast ones. The design is a cap that is put on the tooth like a case. With this method of prosthetics, minimal grinding is necessary - the walls of stamped dental crowns are very thin, and can be used on living teeth.

There are also disadvantages: lost chewing functions are not fully restored, with long-term use the material may wear off, and if the fit is not tight, there is a high risk of developing caries.

Solid dentures are made using the one-piece casting method. The patient can choose from several product options - with or without spraying, with veneering or in the form of a combined bridge prosthesis. The advantages include strength and high wear resistance.

To make one-piece crowns, it is necessary to first make an individual impression of the jaw, so that the shape of the product will be as similar as possible to natural teeth. Thanks to this, you can eliminate the risk of cracks through which bacteria can penetrate under the crown.

In addition, such dentures can be made more aesthetically pleasing by spraying onto dental crowns. Another option is a veneer made of plastic or ceramic, which will make the tooth look as natural as possible. However, there is a small risk: the facing coating may crack, and small chips cannot be ruled out.

Metal dental crowns

Metal crowns are made from a mixture of gold, copper, titanium and other metals that provide strength and resistance to corrosion. One example of a classic metal crown is a gold crown, or more precisely, a gold alloy. Over the decades, many different metal alloys have been used in the creation of dental crowns. Some of these metals may be silver in color and may contain various mixtures of different metals such as titanium, vitalium (cobalt-chromium alloy), silver, etc. Next, we will take a closer look at the types of metal crowns.

Metal dental crowns

A gold crown is an excellent choice and is recommended for back teeth. Gold is a very workable metal - it helps to achieve a very precise fit to the crown. Gold crowns can withstand strong bites and clenching well. Of all types of dental crowns, gold ones have the greatest potential for long-term wear. Additionally, the wear rate of a gold crown is about the same as tooth enamel. This means that the gold on the dental crown will not create excessive wear on the opposing teeth. The only problem with gold crowns nowadays is the high cost of gold.

Metal crowns coated in white and yellow

In cases where a metal crown is removed, you may have a preference as to whether a yellow crown (like gold) or a silver crown (like white) should be placed. The composition of the alloy determines its color. Noble metals for teeth: gold, platinum and palladium. In most cases, the overall cost between using a noble or base metal alloy can be small, so if you have a large crown, it may be the deciding factor in this matter.

Allergic harm and service life of metal crowns

You should also be aware that some people are allergic to metals. Studies have reported that about 10% of the female population and 5% of the male population have an allergic reaction to nickel, chromium and/or beryllium, (these metals are often found in base alloy crowns).

Solid metal crowns and bridges

As their name indicates, these prostheses are made entirely of one piece of alloy. The metals used in crowns and bridges consist of gold alloys, other noble alloys (eg palladium) or a base metal alloy (eg nickel, chromium, titanium). Stainless steel or aluminum are used as temporary crowns.

Photo of metal crowns on teeth

Compared to other types of crowns, metal crowns minimize the removal of tooth structure and wear on opposing teeth. Metal crowns and metal bridges can withstand strong bites, break less often, and last longer. The main disadvantage of solid metal crowns during restoration is their non-aesthetic appearance - the metallic color is the main disadvantage. Indications

1. Metal crowns and bridges are a good choice for back teeth.
2. To replace acrylic or composite veneers, a solid metal crown may be a better choice.
3. Although porcelain fused with metal seems the best solution, solid gold and titanium crowns are still widely used on posterior teeth.

Solid gold crowns and bridges

Gold is an excellent dental alloy, used for various types indirect restorations such as:

• Crowns and bridges made of porcelain fused with gold.
• Solid gold crowns and bridges.
• Removable partial dentures or inserts.

Gold alloy is made up of many different types of elements: Noble metals, such as: gold, platinum, palladium, silver; Non-ferrous metals: copper, tin and others. A proper gold alloy must contain at least 60% precious metals.

Advantages of gold alloys 1. Gold alloy will not corrode. Some metal alloys, under the influence of saliva, can undergo the so-called phenomenon of corrosion. This can result in an unsightly gray discoloration on the top of the dental crown. 2. Gold alloy has superior strength and resistance. The main advantage is that gold alloys can be manufactured to very thin thicknesses and still retain strength and stability. The advantage of this is that less tooth structure will be removed during the restoration. 3. Gold alloys are much lighter than non-ferrous alloys (with the exception of titanium). 4. Gold alloys are very well tolerated by the body and do not cause allergic reactions.

Cast metal crowns and titanium bridges

The use of titanium alloys for medical and dental work has increased dramatically in last years. Due to its many physical and mechanical properties, titanium is used as a material for dental implants and dentures. The strength and rigidity of titanium are comparable to other noble or highly noble alloys used in dentistry.

In dentistry, titanium is used for many purposes: mainly for dental implants. This is the main material for the manufacture of porcelain crowns, solid metal crowns, etc. Although the cost of titanium prostheses is high, as a rule, it does not reach the price of gold crowns.

Dental crowns made of base metal alloys

Solid metal dentures are less expensive. They have good strength and durability, although they are inferior to gold or titanium alloys. For manufacturing, various metal alloys are used: nickel, chromium, iron and other stainless steels. As already mentioned, aluminum is used mainly for temporary crowns. He is good choice when patients cannot afford more expensive crowns.

What types of crowns are there for teeth?

IN modern dentistry Teeth crowns are divided into types depending on the material from which they are made. They come in metal, metal-ceramic and all-ceramic. When choosing a particular prosthesis, one proceeds from clinical indications, the wishes of the patient himself and, of course, the cost.

Types of crowns for teeth

Metal. The first type of crown to appear, however it is still used today. They are made from various metal alloys - titanium, stainless or cobalt chrome steel. Metal dental crowns made of gold or platinum are also popular. They can be either made entirely of precious metals, or only coated. Metal dental crowns provide complete restoration of the chewing function of the tooth, but in appearance they are the most unaesthetic. The price of metal dental crowns is one of the most affordable.

Gold dental crowns. About 20 years ago, the most popular material for making crowns was gold. Today, the “gold tooth” is more kitsch than fashion, but in the outback, gold dental crowns are sometimes still popular. As you know, gold, as well as the “medical” alloy based on it, are considered one of the most acceptable metals for the body, therefore it is advised, for example, to wear only gold earrings for the first six months after a piercing. However, what is beautiful in the ears is not so beautiful in the mouth. However, as mentioned above, such prostheses perform the chewing function quite adequately, which cannot be said about the aesthetic one.

Metal-ceramic dental crowns. The middle option combines strength and, judging by patient reviews of metal-ceramic dental crowns, a relatively natural appearance. The internal part of the structure is made of metal, and the external part is made of ceramics. Despite all the advantages, metal-ceramic prosthetics is inferior to all-ceramic prosthetics, since even with a slight decrease in the gums, the metal rim becomes noticeable. But this problem is eliminated if you install a crown with a shoulder or use zirconium dioxide (white metal) instead of traditional alloys.

Ceramic. The most expensive and most aesthetic look. In addition to the fact that ceramics allows you to create structures with the same transparency and color as natural teeth, it is also the most biocompatible material of all those described above. Ceramic crowns without metal impurities are an ideal option for prosthetics in the smile area, but unfortunately, they are not always suitable for chewing teeth due to some problems with strength.

Metal-plastic. One of the types of temporary dental prosthetics is the installation of dental crowns made of metal-plastic; most often they are used for prosthetics on implants, but in some cases they are also installed on ground teeth - as a single crown or bridge. However, their short service life (from one to three years) makes metal-plastic dental crowns a temporary measure. Among the advantages of such designs, only one can be named - affordable cost, but there are many disadvantages: rapid loss of the original color, short service life, poor fit of the plastic crown to the metal frame, metal showing through the plastic, and much more.

Plastic. A plastic dental crown, like the previous type of prosthetics - a metal-plastic crown, is an orthopedic structure used for temporary prosthetics. Affordable cost, fast production time and lightness of the material compared to the same ceramics make temporary dental crowns made of plastic ideal structures for installation on implants during the healing period, as well as on ground teeth during the manufacture of permanent structures.

Zirconium. Zirconium dioxide or oxide is the most reliable material for creating dentures, which appeared relatively recently. In terms of strength, it is not inferior to metals, but has high aesthetic properties. Crowns made of zirconium dioxide are lighter than structures made from other materials, do not cause allergies and are durable. They are used for both front and chewing teeth. The only disadvantage of prostheses is the high cost.

Dental crowns on implants

When using implant prosthetics, the best option for restoring the front teeth, for which aesthetics is important, would be dental crowns made of metal-free ceramics. This is due to the fact that the metal can be seen through the ceramic, which imitates the transparency characteristic of natural dental tissue. Therefore, to achieve a high aesthetic result, the use of a zirconium abutment is recommended. When it comes to chewing teeth, aesthetics are not as important as functionality, so metal-ceramic dental crowns on implants may also be acceptable. For those patients who do not compromise between aesthetics and function, it is recommended to install zirconium dioxide crowns on the implant.

Installing a crown on a tooth

A dental crown is installed on one tooth in several stages.

Diagnostics. To find out whether it is possible to put a crown on a tooth, the doctor examines the oral cavity visually and necessarily sends it for an x-ray.

Treatment. Then the necessary treatment is carried out. Most likely, you will have to remove the nerve under the crown and fill the canals.

Grinding of teeth for crowns. If the dental tissue is slightly damaged, then the remaining walls are ground down. In the case where the “top” of the tooth is completely missing, a dental inlay is additionally installed under the crown, which will ensure its reliable fixation. Previously, instead of an inlay, a pin was installed; today, a dental crown on a pin is considered an outdated technique, which has a number of complications leading to tooth loss.

Making dental crowns. After all the preparatory procedures have been completed, impressions are taken from the patient and sent to a dental laboratory.

Installation of dental crowns. This is followed by fitting of the finished product in the oral cavity and installation. Many people are concerned with the question “What are dental crowns glued to?” Orthopedic structures are placed on special cement, which allows the prosthesis to stay in place for a long time and reliably.

All manipulations are carried out over several visits. Making dental crowns is possible in a few hours, provided the necessary equipment is available in dentistry.

How to place a crown on a tooth

Crown on a living tooth without pulp removal

If we are talking about grinding down healthy teeth to fix a dental bridge, then important question about the need for tooth depulpation. Everything here is very individual. But, as a rule, doctors prefer not to take risks and in most cases remove the nerve.

Color of dental crowns

Modern technologies make it possible to produce orthopedic structures indistinguishable from natural teeth. Naturally, we are talking about ceramic, metal-ceramic and plastic crowns, and not metal ones. Ceramics used in modern dentistry are able to completely imitate the color and transparency of the enamel of the teeth adjacent to the prosthetic. The same applies to the plastic used to make temporary crowns. But if we are talking about metal-ceramics, then crowns with a zirconium frame can “get into color,” and in the case of other metals, the frame can show through the artificial enamel. In modern dental laboratories, the color and shade of enamel for crowns is selected according to the Vita scale, which represents the majority of natural tooth shades.

How are dental crowns removed?

There are 3 main ways.

1. Kopp apparatus. Using a special drill, the doctor breaks the cement at the base of the prosthesis, then removes the structure with forceps.
2. Sawing. The structure is cut in the center and removed.
3. Coronaflex. The crown is removed carefully and without damage using compressed air. The method is expensive, but after the procedure it is possible to re-install an artificial tooth.

Dental crowns are removed if the following problems occur:

Toothache under a crown

Modern materials make it possible to make dental crowns that fit as closely as possible to the tissues of the prepared tooth, however, sadly, the patient sometimes has the feeling that his dental crown hurts. Of course, it’s not the crown that hurts, but the tooth underneath it. Toothache under the crown can mean several different problems, but the most common is the formation of secondary caries in the area where the crown adheres to the tooth tissue. If this happens, be prepared to remove dental crowns, re-prepare the teeth and install new orthopedic structures. If this is not done, the tooth under the crown may completely collapse, leading to its loss.

Caries under the crown

Sometimes this is due to an error by a doctor or dental technician, when the procedures for making or installing a crown were violated: if it does not fit tightly to the tooth, if saliva got under it during installation, if caries was not completely treated, the formation of secondary caries under the crown is more than likely .

Unpleasant odor from under the crown

The smell from under the dental crown occurs when food debris or saliva gets under the denture. Bacteria multiply faster in this environment, causing an unpleasant odor. Inflammatory processes in dental tissues under the denture also lead to an unpleasant odor.

Important! Removing dental crowns and installing new ones must be done approximately every 10 years, otherwise you risk becoming one of those users who frantically write in the search bar in their browser: “I swallowed a dental crown, what should I do?!” By the way, modern materials for making crowns are absolutely non-toxic; sharp edges and chips pose a danger if swallowed. Therefore, if it was not a small piece of a fallen-off crown that was swallowed, but the entire structure or a substantial part of it, you should consult a doctor - a surgeon, a gastroenterologist, or the nearest emergency room.

Can a tooth crown be inexpensive?

The cost of a dental crown per tooth will directly depend on the type of material used, the method of its manufacture, the category of the clinic and its location, as well as the qualifications of the orthopedic doctor. For example, in Moscow, prices for metal crowns can vary from 3,000 to 16,000 rubles, for metal-ceramic crowns - from 7,000 to 40,000 rubles, and the average cost of a ceramic crown is about 21,000 rubles. You can find out in more detail how much a particular dental crown will cost for one tooth during an in-person consultation at a dental clinic.

The best dental crowns

Perhaps every patient who is thinking about prosthetics asks the question: “Which dental crowns are better?” We remind you once again that any decision, including the choice of crown material, should be made jointly by the doctor and the patient. A conscientious dentist will always tell you about the best crowns for the front teeth, all the options for prosthetics, as well as the pros and cons of one or another option specifically in your case. Thus, the best dental crowns are those that your doctor recommends. If we are talking about the advantages of materials, then the leaders here, without a doubt, are all-ceramic crowns made by pressing or by manufacturing using refractory models. They are ideal for anterior teeth from an aesthetic point of view, as they accurately reproduce the color and transparency of natural enamel, and are also strong enough to withstand the same chewing load that the patient's natural teeth can withstand.

Restoration of dental crowns

Dentures, like natural teeth, require care - careful oral hygiene and restoration of dental crowns. Service life and repair requirements depend on the material. Structures made of ceramics and metal-ceramics are susceptible to the formation of defects. Zirconium dioxide is more durable and cannot be broken or scratched. A zirconium prosthesis lasts about twenty years and does not require repair. As a rule, indications for tooth crown restoration are chips, cracks and discoloration of the structure. The procedure should only be carried out by a specialist; experiments at home often lead to breakage of the prosthesis or damage to healthy teeth.

What to do if the crown of a tooth falls off?

The prosthesis may fall out if installed on low-quality cement or the manufacturing technology of the structure itself is violated. If a dental crown has come off, you need to make an appointment with your dentist as soon as possible. The specialist will conduct a diagnosis, find out the cause and offer options for further action.

While waiting for a visit to the doctor, you should wash and disinfect the prosthesis and clean the insert. You can try to install the structure in place if the process does not cause discomfort or pain. Temporarily secure artificial tooth Dental cement sold at the pharmacy will help. This measure is necessary to prevent food and bacteria from entering dental cavity before consulting a specialist. If the crown of a tooth falls out along with the inlay, it is recommended to seal the damaged area with cement gel - the resulting “filling” will also protect against infection.

If the crown of the tooth breaks and does not fly off, you must carefully remove a piece of the prosthesis and treat the sharp edge with pharmaceutical glue to avoid injury.

Important! It happens that a dental crown falls out and the patient swallows it. Then you should immediately contact the dentist. The material of the prosthesis is non-toxic, but sharp edges can damage the esophageal mucosa.

When choosing a clinic and a doctor to install a crown, it is important to understand that a quality product cannot be cheap and cannot be done in one day. An incorrectly manufactured and installed orthopedic structure can cause various complications in the form of periodontitis, malocclusion, damage to contact teeth and other unpleasant problems. If after installing a crown you feel discomfort or your tooth begins to hurt, you should immediately seek help from a dentist.

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Types of metal crowns

If you contact a specialist to install a metal crown, you will be offered two options depending on the method of its manufacture:

• Stamped. A standard sleeve, which is processed with a special apparatus to give it the desired shape.
• Solid cast. It is made from individual casts by firing in a kiln. It has thicker walls, which has a positive effect on service life.

They are made from noble (gold, palladium, silver, platinum) and base metals (steel, nickel and chromium alloys). Because of their metallic color, they are used only for prosthetic teeth on the side teeth, which are not visible when speaking. Ideal for prosthetics of chewing teeth, as they can withstand heavy loads.

Stamped crowns

These are prosthetics that are made from factory sockets, which are given the desired shape. They have thin walls, so there is no need for sanding. large quantity tooth tissues. They are installed if there is no destruction of the roots and at least a third of the tooth crown is preserved.

To create them, stainless steel or gold is used.

The ease of manufacture resulted not only in low cost, but also in the short service life of the product. Gold stamped crowns are made from an alloy that is 90% gold. For the chewing surface, gold of a lower standard is used to increase its resistance to mechanical stress.

Manufacturing stages:

1. The patient takes impressions of both jaws to model the crown, which must be done over the next 15 minutes until shrinkage of the material begins.
2. The boundaries of the prosthesis are marked on the plaster so that it does not turn out to be too narrow or wide.
3. Modeling with wax. Wax is applied to the surface of the plaster to give the crown an anatomical shape.
4. Based on the cut out model, a metal stamp is made, which is hammered into the sleeve.
5. External stamping is carried out using a screw press.
6. The die is removed and the edges are trimmed with crown scissors.

During manufacturing, firing is carried out several times to make the metal more dense and unyielding. The prosthesis should not have cracks or irregularities.

Indications for installation of a stamped crown

Stamped crowns are installed:

• For temporary prosthetics baby tooth before replacing it with a permanent one.
• As a supporting element when installing a bridge prosthesis.
• When a tooth is damaged by caries or injured so much that it cannot be restored with a filling.
• For guard healthy tooth, if a clasp prosthesis will be installed on it.

Modeling a solid crown

A more durable prosthetic option is to install a solid crown made of cobalt-chrome alloy. As the name implies, they are cast completely, and not in parts, like stamped ones. An undeniable advantage of a cast crown is the absence of solder joints, which makes it especially durable. It fits tightly to the ground tooth, preventing the cement from dissolving and reducing the risk of food getting under it. Wearing period is 15-20 years.

Modeling a solid crown includes several stages:

1. Tooth preparation. From 0.3 to 0.5 mm of tissue is sanded off.
2. Making impressions, including adjacent and opposing teeth.
3. Creating a wax cap using the stretching method.
4. Casting the prosthesis.
5. Metal surface treatment. Fitting, finishing, polishing.

Types of solid crown

Nowadays, several types of solid crowns are installed in the dentist’s office:

• Without spraying, these are ordinary crowns of a metallic color.
• Sprayed. If the patient is not satisfied low level aesthetics, at his request, the crowns can be coated with a coating that imitates gold.
• With cladding. Crowns lined with ceramics are even more aesthetically pleasing. Their front part is covered with a ceramic lining. If you have just such a prosthesis installed, be careful when eating, as ceramics tend to chip.
• Combined. With combined prosthetics, some of the crowns are veneered with ceramics, and the rest, which are not visible when smiling, are installed without veneering.

How to install metal crowns

Installation is carried out in two stages:

• First, the crown is placed temporarily so that the dentist can observe the tooth’s reaction.
• If the patient does not experience painful sensations, at the next appointment it is removed, the temporary cement is cleaned and installed again, but using glass ionomer or zinc phosphate cement.

If after the first installation it turns out that it causes discomfort in the patient, it is removed and processed again.

A correctly manufactured and installed metal crown:

• Has a smooth, polished surface.
• Contacts the opposite and adjacent teeth.
• Imitates the anatomical shape of a real tooth.
• Fits tightly to the neck of the tooth.
• Immerses into the periodontal groove by 0.2 mm.

Contraindications

In some cases, the installation of a metal crown is contraindicated or not recommended:

• Due to low aesthetics, they are not installed when replacing anterior teeth.
• Availability allergic reaction for alloys.
• Significant damage to a living tooth.
• Bruxism.
• Impaired occlusion of the dentition.

Damage to a metal crown

In some cases, a metal crown can cause harm:

• After its installation, galvanic syndrome may develop. This is caused by the use of several alloys to make the orthopedic structure. The combination of differently charged metals leads to the generation of galvanic current. A metallic taste, swelling and burning in the mouth, headaches, sleep disturbances, and malaise appear.
• A stamped crown is not made from individual impressions, so it is not suitable for fully recreating the functions of a living tooth.
• It does not fit tightly to the tooth, forming a gap between the walls into which food debris gets trapped. Therefore, healthy tissue can begin to rot underneath it.
• A one-piece prosthesis has high thermal conductivity. Therefore, if it was installed on a non-pulpless tooth, unpleasant sensations may occur when eating hot food.

Price

A regular solid crown costs 3,500 – 4,000 rubles; with spraying - 4,500 - 5,000, but the cost can reach 9,000 rubles. Stamped from base metal - about 2,000 rubles; made of stamped gold - about 6,000 rubles.

If you want to know which crown is better to install - solid or stamped, contact a prosthetics specialist in one of local dentists. A list of the best dentists in your city is presented on our portal.

When to use

The coating is used not only in prosthetics, but also in dental treatment. If the enamel is severely damaged, a special paint is applied to the teeth, which protects the enamel from further destruction and provides excellent aesthetic results.

During prosthetics, metal structures are covered on top with a white substance. This allows them to be used for the front group. Designs with zirconium coating are also used. In this case, the material is a zirconium mass, which is evenly distributed onto a metal base. This material acts as a barrier to the penetration of metal particles into the oral cavity, thereby minimizing the risk of an allergic reaction to metal.

Types of alloys

The following alloys are used to create the coating: gold-containing, titanium, chromium-cobalt, silver-palladium, steel. The disadvantage of many products is the lack of naturalness, since in accordance with the color of the base metal, the products acquire a silver, gold or steel tint. The most attractive are devices with gold cladding. They have a smooth surface and do not accumulate pathogens and food particles. Gold is considered an antiseptic material.

The disadvantage of such designs is that they are too expensive and are not available to all patients. Currently, titanium nitride coatings are increasingly used in dental practice. It looks as natural as possible; such models can be placed not only on the chewing group of the dentition, but also on the frontal group, since they have high aesthetic indicators.

The advantages of devices with cladding include:

• long period of operation;
• maximum naturalness, their shade does not differ from real elements;
• imitation of the anatomical shape of a real element;
• no allergic reactions to metal;
• tight grip around the neck of the tooth, so that the patient does not feel a foreign object in the mouth.

An undeniable advantage of such dental devices is also the fact that during their use the taste sensations do not deteriorate, since there is no metallic taste in the mouth, which cannot be said about traditional designs made of dental steel. The doctor decides which device to choose for dental restoration based on the condition of the oral cavity and his own tooth. An important factor in choosing models is the patient’s budget, since crowns with different coatings differ significantly in cost and are not available to every person.

Long used in dentistry, metal crowns are considered obsolete by some patients. But this is a wrong opinion. Metal crowns continue to be used and are quite popular. Thanks to their improvement, bimetallic (made of chromium or titanium), stamped and cast crowns appeared. Each patient can choose the most suitable design for himself.

Application

Metal crowns, often coated, are used to restore chewing teeth. They can withstand chewing stress very well. And its location in an area invisible to others does not require increased aesthetics.

Before installing such a structure, the tooth is prepared so that the prosthesis does not protrude from the dentition.

Crowns have the following advantages:

• low cost;
• reliability;
• high strength;
• the ability to protect the remaining tooth from external influences and strengthen it.

One of the disadvantages of metal products is insufficient aesthetics. But today this problem is being combated with the help of gold or white coating, which makes teeth more attractive.

And cast products made using modern technology are of the highest quality.

How is it made?

To install a metal crown, the patient needs to visit the dentist at least twice. At the first visit, the teeth are prepared for prosthetics, and at the second, the prosthesis is already installed.

Stages of the dentist’s work at the first visit:

1. An x-ray is taken to examine the tooth canals and surrounding tissues.
2. The tooth is prepared for installation and prepared. Before this, if necessary, the nerve is removed.
3. Grinding the tooth. For a living tooth, anesthesia is used. The extent to which the tooth tissue will be ground depends on what type of crown will be used. For a metal crown, the tooth is ground down minimally.
4. Next, impressions are taken and sent to the laboratory for fabrication of the structure.
5. A temporary plastic crown is made and placed on the prepared tooth.

During the second dental visit, the doctor tries on and adjusts the structure to size, and then attaches it using cement.

Types of metal crowns

Metal crowns are either solid or stamped.

Stamped ones are much easier to make, and therefore their price is lower. Such structures are made from standard blanks. This prosthesis resembles a cap that is put on the teeth like a case.

This design requires minimal grinding of teeth. After all, the walls of stamped products are very thin. They can be used without tooth depulpation.

The disadvantages of such structures include incomplete restoration of chewing functions, as well as abrasion of the material during prolonged use. Also, these crowns often do not fit tightly to the tooth, provoking the development of caries.

Solid products are made through one-piece casting. The patient can choose designs with or without spraying, as well as with or without cladding. A crown can be made for one tooth or an entire bridge. Such structures are very durable and wear-resistant.

An impression of the jaw allows us to produce cast products according to individual tooth sizes. This fact eliminates the possibility of cracks appearing on the structure, and hence the penetration of bacteria.

The aesthetics of such prostheses is enhanced by using spraying or lining of ceramic or plastic. But it is worth noting here that the cladding coating may crack.

Samples of such products

Let's consider the main types of solid metal structures:

1. Simple crowns without spraying.
2. With gold or other plating.
3. Coated with facing material. Ceramics are used more often. So the outer side of the prosthesis is covered with a ceramic overlay. Such teeth require careful use, as the ceramic may crack when eating.
4. A combination of crowns lined with ceramics (in the smile area) and simple, unveneered (in invisible areas of the dentition).

Cast dental structures

To make a cast structure, you need to cast individual blanks from wax, which will subsequently be used to cast the main products.

Such dentures are as close as possible to the patient’s living teeth and replicate it anatomical features. Their service life is quite long, however, before stopping, the supporting tooth should be sharpened sufficiently.

In order to improve aesthetics, such dentures are coated with coating or veneering.

Gold teeth

The advantage of gold dentures is that gold is biologically compatible with oral tissues. This is the main difference between this material and other metals, which in most cases cause an allergic reaction.

The material is soft enough, which allows you to give it the desired shape for maximum fit to the dental organ.

Such a prosthesis is also protected from damage in the form of cracks and chips, because gold is quite durable. This material is also close in its hardness to the hardness of tooth enamel, which protects the product from abrasion.

Today, gold is often replaced in prosthetics with titanium, gold-platinum alloys, as well as an alloy of gold and palladium.

Stamped crowns

These prostheses are made from factory sleeves, giving them the desired shape. Their shell is thin enough that it does not require much grinding of the tooth. like this metal structure can be installed if there is a living root and a third of the tooth. They are made from stainless steel or gold.

The ease of manufacture determines the low price, but also the short service life of such prostheses. I make gold products from alloys containing 90 percent gold.

Manufacturing stages

The manufacturing process of a stamped product includes the following steps:

• The product is modeled using the casts, which must be done within 15 minutes until the raw material shrinks;
• using plaster, the lines of the prosthesis are marked so that it is not too narrow or wide;
• modeling is carried out with wax, it is applied to plaster to set the anatomical shape;
• using a drawn model, a spike strain is created from steel, it is driven into the sleeve;
• External stamping is done using a screw press;
• the stamp is removed, the edges of the crown are cut off with special scissors.

During production, they are fired several times. This makes the metal stronger and more resilient. After all, the prosthesis should not contain cracks or irregularities.

Installation process

Crowns are usually installed in 2 stages:

1. First, the structure is placed temporarily, which allows you to monitor the reaction of the tooth.
2. If the patient does not complain of pain, the crown is removed at the next visit to the dental office, the cement is cleaned, and it is placed again using stronger cement (zinc phosphate or glass ionomer).

If the design causes discomfort to the patient, it is removed after temporary installation and sent for revision.

What should a properly installed crown look like?

A product that has been manufactured and installed correctly meets the following criteria:

• fits well to the tooth;
• has a smooth, polished surface;
• the crown should sink into the periodontal cavity by no more than 0.2 millimeters;
• repeats the anatomical shape of a living tooth;
• correctly contacts the teeth of the opposite jaw, as well as the neighboring ones.

Requirements for the stump

For proper fixation, the doctor must adhere to the following rules:

• prevent overhanging edges and ledges, eliminate the presence of the equator;
• the axis of the tooth and the surface of the stump must be strictly parallel;
• grind the tooth in the range from 0.25 to 0.3 millimeters, maintaining the natural shape of the dental organ.

By following the listed rules, the specialist minimizes the possibility of problems arising when using prosthetics with metal products.

Contraindications for installation

Patients often ask questions: when can metal crowns be installed, and whether they are harmful in certain cases.

• presence of bruxism;
• presence of allergic reactions to steel;
• dental malocclusion;
• severe tooth damage;
• the presence of a complex in the patient due to poor aesthetics (when teeth are prosthetized in the smile area).

Benefits of crowns

1. Low cost.
2. Reliability.
3. High strength.
4. Carrying out a strengthening function for the remaining part of the tooth.

One of the unpleasant moments is insufficient aesthetics. But gold teeth and white-coated organs improve her enough.

Also, new technologies make it possible to produce solid structures of higher quality.

Disadvantages of metal crowns

1. Possibility of galvanic reactions when different alloys are used to make a structure.
2. Risk of an allergic reaction to metal.
3. Low aesthetics and high unnaturalness due to metallic shine. The best option This involves installing metal crowns on chewing teeth that are not visible to others.
4. Stamped crowns have a disadvantage, characterized by the presence of a gap between the gum and the tooth, which contributes to the clogging of food debris and, as a result, to caries, gum inflammation, and bad breath. They also wear out quickly due to the thin walls of the structure.

Timeless technology

The use of metal crowns implies an “eternally young” technology for their production. Having appeared in the last century, it has hardly been modernized in recent years.

She does not lose her popularity along with modern methods methods of prosthetics. This is understandable, because the design is as durable as possible and is inexpensive.

How much do crowns cost?

Approximate prices for metal crowns are as follows:

1. Aesthetic - 8.5 thousand rubles.
2. Milled - 12 thousand rubles.
3. Articular - 15 thousand rubles.

Metal crowns and bridges do not look very attractive, so they began to be coated with a dense substance that imitates enamel. This makes the product more aesthetically pleasing. What other metal crowns with spraying are available?

Hardware

The first coated dentures were, which looked, let’s say, not very aesthetically pleasing. This method was the only salvation for those who had lost teeth. There were also steel structures that were more durable and did not have a negative impact on the condition of the oral cavity.

Metal dentures are used for prosthetics of chewing teeth, as they can withstand high loads when chewing food. Basic readings for installation of metal crowns:

• protection from the carious process and further destruction,
• a decayed tooth that was replaced with a filling,
• prosthetics on implants,
• for support ,
• prosthetics of chewing elements.

Expert opinion. Dentist Volokh E.E.: “One-piece products are cast according to individual impressions, so they tightly fit the tooth and are highly durable and for a long time services. The production technology eliminates the occurrence of chips and cracks through which plaque and infection can enter.”

Kinds solid crowns:

In most cases, solid-cast structures are used in conjunction with metal-ceramics: when it is necessary to make a bridge-like structure, part of the teeth of which falls into the smile line. In this case, the front teeth are made of metal ceramics, and the side teeth are made of solid dentures.

Read also:

What is spraying?

They are coated with a special material – titanium nitride using a vacuum-plasma method. Dentists borrowed this technology from industry, where it was used to protect instruments and certain parts from corrosion.

That is why, until such specialized equipment appeared in dentistry, dentures were sent to the nearest plant for coating in a metalworking shop.

The spray coating process is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at high temperature and electric current voltage. From the electrode, which is made of titanium nitride, the ions move to the second electrode - the crown itself. The prosthesis is first degreased and polished, this promotes a stronger bond between the metals.

The structure is sprayed on absolutely all sides; it cannot be partially coated. But if a bridge or crown is made with plastic elements, this must be taken into account when spraying. In recent years, such products have caused serious controversy among doctors, as there is an assumption that they have a negative effect on the oral cavity and the patient’s body.

How much does the design cost? Several factors influence price formation:

• status, pricing policy of the clinic,
• specialist qualification,
• materials used for manufacturing,
• quality of materials,
• accompanying manipulations and procedures,
• the amount of work performed by the doctor.