Spica on the shoulder joint. Spica bandage on the shoulder Bandage on the left shoulder joint

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The shoulder joint is the most mobile part of the body, which is most often subject to various injuries. How to treat bruises, dislocations and fractures in this area?

First of all, it is necessary to immobilize the injured limb. Limit physical activity on the shoulder is also necessary for inflammatory diseases of the joint.

You can fix the joint in the desired position using a spica bandage. Outwardly, it resembles a spikelet due to its characteristic coils.

It is applied to multi-axial joints: hip, thumb joint, but most often this bandage is used for.

Indications for use

The main task of a spica bandage is to protect the wound surface from external influences, as well as to hold or secure dressing.

It is used to immobilize a limb in case of a fracture or dislocation. It is also used to create pressure on the damaged surface and stop bleeding.

Thus, a bandage is applied in the following cases:

Purulent and inflammatory diseases in the armpit area and on the shoulder joint;
Wounds in the axillary (axillary) cavity and on the shoulder;
Open and closed fractures;
Limb immobilization for arthrosis and arthritis.

The bandage has a fairly wide spectrum of action, and therefore it is important to master the skills of applying it to the shoulder.

Technique for applying a spica bandage to the shoulder

Before bandaging, it is necessary to establish contact with the victim, briefly describe the procedure and obtain consent for it. It is necessary to turn the injured person to face you, sit him on a chair, he must relax the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle.

If necessary, place a cushion in the axillary cavity. Before bandaging the wound, cotton wool soaked in medicine.

To avoid complications, the following rules must be observed during the procedure:

Before bandaging, it is necessary to remove clothing from the torso so that access to the shoulder joint is free;
It is strictly forbidden to move the injured limb or shoulder during the procedure;
It is necessary to completely close the damaged shoulder joint;
If the applied bandage compresses the shoulder girdle or injured limb and pain occurs, then it must be removed and bandaged;
The dressing material must be securely fixed.

Before the procedure, you need to stock up on 2 wide bandages (width at least 14 cm), a roller, a pin for fastening and a scarf to immobilize the shoulder.

During the procedure, the arm and shoulder girdle are bandaged so that the upper strip of the bandage covers 2/3 of the lower one. A correctly applied bandage resembles the coils of a spike, which do not allow the bandage to move.

Depending on the direction, the application of a spica bandage to the shoulder joint can be of 2 types:

Descending spica bandage on the shoulder joint, to apply which you need to perform the following steps:

Rising spica bandage on the shoulder, which is performed as follows:

To apply an ascending bandage, you need to perform 3 fixing moves around the shoulder, and to create a descending bandage, 2 moves around the torso.

A correctly applied bandage should look neat and not cause discomfort to the victim.

Care of the bandage

The bandage needs to be changed from time to time, especially if it covers a wound. The procedure must be performed extremely carefully. If purulent or bloody fluid comes out of the wound, then the bandage is most likely stuck. Ripping off or abruptly tearing off the bandage is strictly prohibited! Soak the bandage with hydrogen peroxide (3%) and carefully remove.

The bandage can be removed in layers. However, this is not the best solution. In most cases, doctors carefully cut the bandages with surgical scissors so that the layers do not twist.

After medical worker cleanses the skin around the wound, treats the damaged area antiseptics and applies a new bandage.

The victim must handle the bandage carefully and ensure that it does not slip, if necessary, bandage it without removing it.

Make sure that the bandage does not become dirty, otherwise there is a risk of infection entering the damaged area.

Hygienic treatment should be carried out once a week.

Terms of use

The period of wearing a spica bandage on the shoulder joint is determined by the doctor individually for each patient. The timing of use depends on the nature of the damage, the age of the victim, the presence or absence of serious diseases (heart and vascular disease, diabetes, etc.).

Equipment: bandage 20 cm wide.

Sequencing:

2. Take the beginning of the bandage at left hand, the head of the bandage is on the right.

3. Lower the limb along the body.

4. Apply the bandage to the upper third of the shoulder ( right hand bandages from left to right, left - from right to left).

5. Make two securing rounds of bandage around the upper third of the shoulder.

6. Place the bandage from the shoulder to the back, into the healthy armpit, to the chest and again to the shoulder.

7. Place the bandage around the shoulder, covering each previous round by 2/3 of the width of the bandage.

8. Repeat the moves of the bandage, rising from the shoulder to the shoulder joint, until the entire wound surface is covered.

9. Secure the bandage.

"Turtle" bandage (converging) on elbow joint .

Indication: injuries above or below the elbow joint.

Equipment: bandage 20 cm wide.

Sequencing:

1. Make the patient sit facing you, calm him down, and explain the course of the upcoming manipulation.

2. Bend the limbs at the elbow joint at an angle of 20°.

3. Take the beginning of the bandage in your left hand, the head of the bandage in your right. Bandage from left to right.

4. Apply the bandage to the upper third of the forearm.

5. Make two securing rounds of bandage around the forearm.

6. Cross the flexor surface of the elbow and move to the lower third of the shoulder.

7. Apply the strokes of the bandage on the shoulder and forearm to each other, gradually approaching after figure-of-eight intersections above the flexor surface of the elbow joint.

8. Close the elbow joint, lowering to the forearm area, to the place where the bandage begins.

9. Secure the bandage, cut the end of the bandage and tie the ends into a knot.

“Returning” bandage for one finger

Indication: finger injury.

Equipment: bandage 3 - 5 cm wide.

Sequencing:

1. Make the patient sit facing you, calm him down, and explain the course of the upcoming manipulation.

2. Make two securing rounds of bandage around the wrist joint.

3. Move the bandage from the wrist joint along the back of the hand along the injured finger.

4. Go around the tip of the finger, bring the bandage with palmar surface to the base of the finger, then from the palmar surface through the tip of the finger to the base on the dorsum of the hand (i.e., return to its original position). With a hand free from the bandage, hold the bandage on the palmar surface of the patient’s hand.

5. Bandage with a creeping type from the base to the tip of the finger, then in a spiral manner - from the tip of the finger to the base.

6. Transfer the bandage through the back of the hand to the wrist joint (at the base of the finger - transfer to the hand in a crosswise manner).

7. Secure the bandage on the wrist joint with two fastening rounds.

7. Cut the end of the bandage and tie it in a knot.

Spica bandage for one finger

Indications: wound, burn of a finger.

Equipment: bandage 3 - 5 cm wide.

Sequencing:

1. Make the patient sit facing you, calm him down, and explain the course of the upcoming manipulation.

2. Apply two securing rounds of bandage to the wrist joint.

3. Guide the bandage through the dorsum of the hand and thumb to the nail phalanx,

4. Go around the finger along the palmar and dorsal surfaces and again bring the bandage to the wrist joint (when moving from the palmar to the dorsal surface, bandage in a cross-shaped manner).

5. Apply a securing bandage around the wrist joint.

6. Repeat rounds of the bandage, moving to the back surface of the hand and securing it to the wrist joint.

7. Cover the previous round by 1/2 the width of the bandage until the entire finger is bandaged.

8. Attach the bandage to the wrist joint.

9. Cut the end of the bandage and tie it in a knot.

The shoulder girdle is often subjected to various diseases and injuries, for example, bruises, fractures, dislocations, etc. In most cases, these conditions require fixation of the damaged joint in a certain position, which can be successfully accomplished with a spica bandage on the shoulder joint. If the manipulation is performed correctly, the shoulder joint will be securely fixed, which significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment, accelerating the healing process.

Indications for use

The main purpose of a spica bandage is to protect wound surface from external influence, as well as immobilization of the limb in case of injury and damage. In addition, it can be used to stop bleeding.

In addition, bandaging is recommended for purulent-inflammatory processes in the shoulder joint and armpit area, open and closed fractures, as well as in case of wounds in the armpit area and for immobilization of the damaged limb with arthritis and arthrosis. The spica bandage has enough wide range actions and it is extremely important to know the technique of applying it.

Bandage technique

Before starting bandaging, it is necessary to establish psychological contact with the patient, briefly explaining the need for the procedure. First of all, the victim is seated on a chair, facing him, after which the medical worker performing the dressing asks the patient to relax the shoulder girdle and arm muscles as much as possible.

Step-by-step bandaging scheme

If necessary, a gauze or cotton pad is placed in the armpit, and if there is a wound, it is treated with an antiseptic and covered with a sterile napkin soaked in medicine.

In order to avoid various kinds of complications, it is necessary to follow the rules of the dressing technique, which include:

Before bandaging begins, the torso should be freed from clothing, providing access to the shoulder joint;
left shoulder bandages from right to left, and the right, vice versa;
the patient should not move the shoulder or injured limb during the procedure, and the injured shoulder should be completely covered with a bandage;
if there is strong compression of the injured limb with a bandage and pain symptoms, it is necessary to bandage the shoulder joint;
to apply a bandage, you need 2 wide bandages, at least 14 centimeters, as well as a roller, a pin for fastening and a scarf, for maximum immobilization of the joint;
bandaging should be done so that the next turn covers the previous one by at least 2/3, resembling a spike, which gives the name to the bandage itself;
two hands are involved in bandaging (one rolls out the bandage, and the other smoothes it out to remove all irregularities), while the first turn of the bandage should be applied evenly, without excessive tension, and on the 2nd turn the pressure should be slightly increased for a tighter fit of the dressing to the body.

Bandaging the shoulder area is quite difficult, since the anatomical structure of the joint does not allow the bandage to be applied smoothly and without folds, so the bandage can be slightly trimmed or bent (180 degrees). At the end of the manipulation, the end of the bandage can be secured with a pin.

Depending on the direction, the shoulder bandage comes in 2 types:

1. Descending spica

When performing such a bandage, the first round of bandaging is applied at the level of the armpit, with the bandage secured along the chest to the level of the uninjured arm, and then through its armpit (front part) the bandage is brought out to the opposite shoulder. Next, the bandage is brought from the armpit to the back in the forward and upward direction, then the bandage is again passed through the armpit of the healthy arm.

Bandaging continues until a full descending bandage is obtained, the turns of which are directed from above and below

Visually, the bandaging resembles the number 8, with a cross in the front of the sore shoulder. At the end of the procedure, the bandage is secured with a pin.

2. Ascending spica

During this manipulation, the first round of the bandage is secured under the area of the damaged shoulder joint, and then through the armpit the bandage is brought out to the outside of the shoulder joint and the back.

Next, the bandage is removed through the back, the armpit of the healthy limb towards the injured shoulder. Next, the bandage is wrapped around the sore shoulder, and then back again through the armpit area. Typically, a figure-of-eight coil is visible on the outside of the injured shoulder joint.

To apply an ascending bandage, 3 initial rounds are required around the shoulder area, and for a descending bandage, 2 rounds are required around the torso

Properly performed bandaging looks neat and does not cause discomfort to the patient.

Care of the bandage

Any dressing should be changed periodically. It is especially important if there is an open wound underneath. The speed of healing depends on how carefully and correctly the bandage is replaced.

Under no circumstances should you suddenly tear off a stuck bandage - you need to soak the stuck bandage using 3% hydrogen peroxide, wait for 1-2 minutes, and only after that the bandage is removed layer by layer or using scissors.

Next, the area around the wound surface is cleaned, treated with an antiseptic, a sterile napkin with medication is applied to it, and a new bandage is performed. If there are no wounds under the bandage, hygienic treatment of the skin is performed 1-2 times within 7 days.

The spica bandage on the shoulder should not be loosened, as this can lead to disruption of the vascular blood supply, or it should be too tight, which may result in a lack of necessary fixation.

Possible errors when bandaging

If the spica dressing is performed incorrectly, a number of the following complications are possible:

the appearance of swelling, loss of sensitivity and painful sensations in the area of the shoulder joint, which is caused by the bandaging being too tight. In this case, tissue compression occurs, blood vessels are compressed and local blood flow is disrupted, which requires immediate removal of the bandage and re-bandaging;
if the tension of the bandage is sufficiently weak, the shoulder and forearm are not fixed in the position required for immobilization, and the bandage slips, which also requires removal of the incorrect bandage and its replacement;
A rather serious consequence of improper bandaging of a spica bandage is the formation of contractures, when, after removing the bandage, the patient is not able to fully straighten or bend the arm at the shoulder joint. To prevent the formation of contractures, it is mandatory to prescribe therapeutic exercises to restore mobility in the joint;
after applying a spica bandage as a result of a wound injury to the shoulder joint, the doctor examines it (6–7 days after bandaging), assessing the tightness of the bandage and the condition of the wound surface. If an unpleasant odor, itching, or hyperemia appears, the dressing should be changed earlier.

Bandages to immobilize the joint are applied for a fairly long period, until the bone fragments heal (from 14 days to 2-3 months). Correctly performed bandaging ensures reliable protection shoulder joint from wound infection, and also temporarily immobilizes the damaged area when transporting the patient to medical institution to further provide the necessary assistance.

It must be remembered that any health care has a number of contraindications and indications. A spica bandage is no exception, so its application should be done by a specialist, since if the manipulation is performed incorrectly, there is a possibility of serious complications for the patient.

The duration of wearing the bandage is determined by the attending physician, based on the patient’s condition, the presence of chronic and severe diseases, the individual characteristics of the body and the goal being pursued. The further course of treatment and the reduction of the rehabilitation period depend on how timely and professionally first aid is provided to the injured person.

A spica bandage on the shoulder joint protects the wound surface from the effects of external negative factors. It immobilizes the injured limb, prevents bleeding and infection. This method of bandaging the shoulder joint reliably immobilizes the arm, ensuring tissue regeneration in case of dislocations, bruises, and progressive destructive and degenerative changes in the joints. Its application requires certain skills and is therefore carried out only by qualified medical personnel. Excessively tight or weak bandaging can cause complications and slow regeneration of damaged tissue.

Rewinding in “turns”

To properly apply such a bandage to the shoulder joint, you must first make a couple of securing rounds using a bandage.
A sterile napkin is applied to the damaged area.
The third round is applied obliquely from above after the securing rounds have been performed from the armpit. It should pass through the surface of the shoulder and should be applied to the back.
The following movements are performed on the back with a smooth transition to the armpit area. Then the bandage is brought to the sternum and finally fixed on the shoulder.
The fifth round consists of wrapping the shoulder in a bandage on all sides.
The last steps consist of alternately performing rotations around the arm and back. In this case, the entire surface of the shoulder joint must be captured.

The described steps for applying a spica bandage to the shoulder joint are simple. There are no difficulties in performing it, the main thing is to adhere to the basic rules when applying a bandage to the damaged area.

How to properly bandage the shoulder joint

The psychological state of the patient is important for the correct procedure. The person needs to be seated, calmed down, and told about the basic principles of the upcoming bandaging. This will help him relax, and the doctor will quickly fix the injured shoulder. Before bandaging, a roller supporting the arm is placed in the armpit, and a sterile dressing material is applied to the wound. Immobilization of the shoulder joint is carried out according to the following algorithm:

during the first rotation, the bandage is applied loosely, and during subsequent rotations its tension should be tighter, with a tight fit to the body;
The bandage will be tight and secure if you move the bandage by a third of its width with each turn. The basic principle of spica bandaging is based on the uniform weave of the dressing material covering the wound surface;
During the application process, the surface of the bandage is constantly leveled by hand to ensure a tight fit and to avoid the formation of folds and bends. The area of the shoulder joint is uneven, so when fixing it, cutting the dressing material is allowed. After application is completed, the remaining part of the bandage is located under the last layers. It is secured with a safety pin or straps obtained by cutting the bandage.

The main requirements for a spica bandage are comfort, tight fit of the bandage layers and the absence of excessive compression. It should not reduce the range of motion of healthy joints and cause discomfort even when worn for a long time. It should only be applied by a qualified physician. Bandaging too tightly will cause pinching blood vessels, nerves and muscles. This will cause the development of necrosis. And weak fixation will significantly slow down tissue regeneration or provoke a relapse of the pathology, for example, with dislocation of the abdominal end of the clavicle.

Signs of improper application include decreased sensitivity upper limb, swelling of the free part of the arm, pain in the shoulder joint.

Fixation with a bandage

To properly apply this type of dressing, you need to follow the basic requirements:

The first round consists of making a loop with a bandage around a limb or body.
A bandage can be applied only after a roll of gauze or cotton wool has been placed under the patient’s armpits.
Then the injured arm is bent at an angle, pressed against the chest and bent at the elbow.
Now comes the second round. To do this, the bandage is brought from behind the back and axillary area from the side that is not injured to the damaged area.
The third round logically continues the previous one. Along the back of the shoulder, the bandage should be directed from the forearm. It should be placed below the area where the limb is injured. This must be done to direct the bandage to the axillary part from the side of the uninjured shoulder joint.
Afterwards the bandage is directed to the injured area along the back.
Round 4 involves lowering the bandage down the front of the shoulder. In this case, it is worth grasping the elbow of the injured limb and moving the bandage along the back to the armpit area.
The following actions are repeated 3 times except for the 1st round. Rounds 2 should be repeated 3 times, then rounds 3 and 4. The main thing is to follow this sequence.

To ensure that the Deso bandage holds firmly for a long time, it can be carefully stitched with thread. Everything should be consolidated with a final circular stage. You can use a pin to secure the edge of the bandage, cutting off the excess part.

Descending bandage

A descending spica bandage is obtained by applying the dressing in the opposite direction. First, the bandage is placed in several turns around the body at the level of the armpits. Next, it is carried out from the armpit of the healthy arm along the front part of the torso to the other shoulder joint as follows:

starts behind the front area of the shoulder girdle;
carried out along its back side;
is brought to the front of the joint through the armpit.

Now the bandage near the neck is placed behind the back and lowered into the opposite armpit. In this way, the application continues, crossing the layers of the bandage by a third or half of its width. At the end of the procedure, the dressing material is wrapped around the forearm on the injured side a couple of times for reliability. The bandage is secured with a pin or a bandage cut into 2 parts. The result of this bandaging method is a “spike” located on the shoulder girdle.

During the procedure, it is not advisable to use a large amount of dressing material to ensure reliable immobilization of the limb and shoulder joint. Excessive turns of the bandage will increase the thickness of the spica bandage and cause discomfort when wearing it.

Bandaging with a scarf

To properly apply a scarf to the shoulder joint, cover the injured area with sterile gauze.
Unfold the bandage and place it on top of the shoulder joint. Fold the top of the scarf so that it looks like a bandage.
The long section of the scarf should be placed on the back. When the top is fixed, it is necessary to tie the ends of the second part of the scarf into knots on all sides.

The main advantage is ease of application and comfort of wearing. Therefore, it is often used in emergency situations.

The good thing about the dressing method is that you can quickly provide help. a large number injured. This reduces the time required to treat wounds.

The scarf can be used as a tourniquet by twisting it first. So it can be used instead of a hemostatic tourniquet.

When the victim will be transported to medical institution, the scarf bandage can simply be loosened without removing it. It can be applied to yourself due to its simplicity.

Types of fixation

Common method

One of the most mobile parts in the body is the shoulder joint.
That is why it is so often injured by people who regularly play sports. Careless movements lead to dislocations and fractures.

In case of dislocation, a fixing bandage ensures the correct location of the injured area.

I do it immediately after the patient’s plaster is removed.

The fixing bandage performs a number of functions:

Reduces the load on the injured shoulder joint;
Eliminates unnecessary activity of the injured limb;
Keeps the shoulder in a natural position;
Acts on the injured area as compression;
Helps restore lymph flow;
Provides nutrients to the tissues of the shoulder joint.

If the doctor recommended it to the patient, then additionally you can perform physical therapy. It has a positive effect during the rehabilitation period.

Indications for use

for various wounds;
for burns;

bruises;
sprains;
dislocations;
fractures.

When I sprained my arm

Once the arm is straightened after a dislocation, it is necessary to apply a bandage. In this case, the arm should be moved away from the body.
A cotton or gauze roll should be placed in the armpit.

Instead of a bandage, you can use a Turner splint.

The average wearing time is approximately 4 weeks in adults. For older people and children, the time is reduced to 3 weeks.

Once the bandage is removed, you need to do exercises. With their help you can strengthen your muscles and joints. They perform a preventive function to prevent this injury in the future.

Preparation for the procedure

Universal variety

This type of bandage is used to fix the shoulder joint with a moderate degree of injury. They are good because they are able to retain heat for a long time, having an excellent warming effect.
Orthopedic shoulder bandages are characterized by high degree stretchability in all directions. Therefore, they have quality compression properties.

They are often preferred due to the fact that they are able to effectively combat swelling of the damaged area, reducing pain.

Orthopedic bandages on the joint are used for habitual dislocation and damage to the capsular-ligamentous apparatus of the shoulder. They are effective during the rehabilitation process after surgery. They are used after fractures of the surgical and anatomical necks of the humerus.

The orthopedic bandage for the shoulder joint is made of neoprene. It consists of a hydroscopic polymer material.

You can attach it to the chest using Velcro. The orthopedic bandage should be worn on the body.

Until the exacerbation stops inflammatory process and during acute period injuries, the bandage should be worn at all times. It should only be removed at night and during rest. In case of habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint, it is not removed even at night.

Bandage covering the axillary area

Reliable closure of the armpit area is carried out with a modified ascending spica bandage. When applying it, additional turns of the bandage are used through the healthy shoulder girdle. Reliable fixation is ensured by a wide cotton roll, which is placed not only in the armpit, but also outside it so that part of the chest is covered.

At the beginning of the procedure, the lower third of the shoulder is wrapped 2-3 times with a bandage to securely fix it. The dressing is carried along the back around the healthy shoulder girdle and passes along the chest towards the damaged muscle cavity. After completing a circular turn covering the back and chest area, the material is fixed with a layer of sterile cotton wool. Several additional circles passing along the shoulder girdle and around the torso help ensure the necessary tightness of the bandage and secure the roller in the armpit. At the end of the procedure, the bandage is wrapped twice around the sternum. The dressing material is secured with a pin.

How to choose

The type of bandage depends on the type of injury received.

The device primarily fixes the shoulder girdle and upper limb; it is prescribed for:

Various traumatic injuries of the upper limb in the form of a fracture;
Sprained or sprained arms;
Treatment of arthritis and other inflammatory diseases;
Damage to the nerve trunk of the hands due to injury;
Patient recovery after shoulder surgery;
Treatment of neuritis;
Cut hands;
Paralysis of the upper limbs;
Injury to the shoulder joint, forearm, collarbone, wrist joints; Arthrosis of the upper extremities.

Before purchasing a fixation bandage, you must consult with your doctor, who will recommend which device is suitable for the patient and will not cause harm to health.

In the tables located on the product packaging, you can get information about the sizes and choose a bandage according to your size. If necessary, orthopedic store consultants will help you select a product based on the type of limb injury and the individual characteristics of the patient.

The fixing bandage is worn on cotton underwear. It is not allowed to use various gels and ointments under it. A special adjuster allows you to select the desired and comfortable length of the straps.

The usual fixation bandage is not worn in case of open fracture upper limbs. It is also not allowed to be used for certain skin diseases.

Some patients may have an individual intolerance to the material.

Basic rules for caring for a bandage

A spica bandage on the shoulder can be used for different times depending on the degree of injury or the stage of chronic articular pathology. The duration of wearing is influenced by the patient’s age and the rate of restoration of damaged tissue. The presence of a person’s medical history is also important cardiovascular diseases, in which any excessive loads are harmful. The wearing period is limited in case of pathologies accompanied by metabolic disorders. For example, when diabetes mellitus tight bandaging can cause injury skin.

The material is replaced a week after its application. Before the procedure, the doctor assesses the condition of the wound surface, treats it with antiseptics and anti-inflammatory drugs. In some cases, the bandages are removed without waiting for 7 days to pass. What could be the reason for this:

unbearable skin itching;
the appearance of a putrid odor;
constant or periodic painful sensations at rest or during movement;
redness and (or) swelling of the skin below or above the bandages.

To immobilize the shoulder joint after a fracture, a spica bandage is applied for a period of several weeks to 2.5-3 months. Bandaging is carried out not only for the gradual restoration of damaged tissues. This is part of first aid for victims and is used to safely transport a person to a hospital facility for further treatment.

A spica bandage is as important in the treatment of fractures or dislocations as timely administration pharmacological drugs. It prevents displacement of articular structures relative to each other, which can cause inflammation. The duration and effectiveness of treatment depends on its correct application.

Types of injuries to the upper shoulder girdle and limbs

Injuries to the arms, shoulders and forearms can vary.

But, in general, this term refers to a violation of the normal condition and integrity of bones, soft tissues and skin, which causes pain and significantly limits the mobility of the limbs and torso as a whole.

When examining the victim at the scene of the incident, it is necessary, first of all, to determine the main visible deformations and damage.

If the victim is conscious, he must be interviewed to clarify the nature and location of the pain. In addition, the damaged areas are palpated, but this must be done very carefully and without sudden movements, since any damage may be accompanied by injuries. internal organs. The main division of injuries to the upper shoulder girdle implies the presence of two large groups of injuries - open and closed.

Open injuries are injuries associated with a violation of the integrity of the skin at the site of injury, therefore, upon visual inspection, internal ruptures, fractures and other wounds can be seen.

Closed injuries more dangerous - they hide under the skin and subcutaneous fat, which remain intact in this case. To identify such injuries, a simple examination is not enough, which significantly complicates the provision of adequate first aid. This classification is the most general, and each type of injury should be considered separately. Common injuries are:

bruises;
dislocation;
sprains and ligament tears;
cracks and fractures of bones.

Differences between a bandage and an orthosis

IN medical practice The term “orethoses” often refers to one or another type of fixation. However, minor differences still exist.

Almost all bandages are easy to use. Orthoses, on the contrary, have a more complex design and are designed to provide rigid fixation of the joint.

As a rule, they consist not only of elastic fabric, but also of metal and plastic. Their design may contain plates, pins, bolts, spokes, springs, and guides.

Attention! Using a bandage of a simple design, such as a Deso bandage, it is impossible to correct the angle of fixation of the shoulder girdle and upper limb. But the orthosis copes with this task perfectly. And due to the equipment with an inflatable roller located in the armpit area, this angle can be easily changed.

Shoulder braces, orthoses for adults

Shoulder bandage Orlet AS – 105

Elastic model for easy fixation, size is determined by chest circumference: m - up to 80 cm, l - up to 99 cm, xl - up to 105 cm, xxl.

sports and industrial loads
prevention of arthritis, plexitis, and other diseases
rehabilitation after bruises and habitual dislocations

Manufacturer: Germany, estimated price: from 2200 rubles

Shoulder girdle clamp Fosta F3601 (left, right)

Model for moderate fixation with micromassage and compression effect. The size is selected according to the circumference of the shoulder, from 42 to 54 cm.

habitual dislocation
increased loads
prevention

Country of origin: Russia, estimated price from 1000 rubles

Shoulder brace Omo Neurexa (right, left)

Model for moderate fixation of the shoulder and forearm with slight supination and extension of the arm. The size is determined by chest circumference: xs – up to 86 cm, s – 94 cm, m – 102 cm, l – 110 cm, xl – 118 cm.

post-stroke rehabilitation
peripheral nerve damage

Manufacturer: Germany (Otto Bock), estimated price from 9200 rubles

Shoulder bandage Acro KomforT5055

Model for moderate hold with a warming effect. The size is determined by the circumference of the shoulder in the middle third: xs – up to 28 cm, s – up to 32 cm, m – up to 35 cm, l – up to 38 cm, xl – up to 42 cm.

rehabilitation measures after injuries and operations
habitual dislocation
osteoporosis

Shoulder and arm brace Orlet SA -209

The model is designed for complete fixation of the upper limb in an abducted position at an angle of up to 60 degrees. The size is determined by the waist circumference: s / m - up to 80 cm, l / xl from 80 cm to 120 cm. Universal, for left and right side, light, despite the external volume.

habitual dislocation
damage to the ligamentous apparatus
treatment of shoulder neck diseases
rehabilitation after injury to the collarbone, scapula, shoulder

Manufacturer: Germany, estimated price from 8,000 rubles.

Abduction orthosis Omo Immobil 50A10

This brace for the shoulder joint is intended for strong fixation in the abducted state; according to indications, the angle can be set from 0 to 90 degrees. The size is determined by the patient’s height: s – up to 165 cm, m – up to 175 cm, l – from 175 cm.

recovery after rotator cuff repair

joint endoplasty
supraspinatus syndrome
recovery from ligamentous injuries

Manufacturer: Germany (Otto Bock), estimated price from 11,000 rubles.

All orthopedic products are made from modern materials, provide patient comfort, and are easily sanitized. To extend the service life, follow the instructions for caring for the product. If a brace for the shoulder joint is made of materials that cause allergies, then it is not difficult to choose a product from other derivatives.

A brace on the shoulder joint improves the patient’s quality of life during treatment and rehabilitation. Significantly reduces or eliminates completely pain syndrome. Significantly reduces treatment time.

Select orthopedic braces for the shoulder joint by size, purchase only certified products in specialized stores or pharmacies, or via the Internet.

It is better to prevent any disease than to treat it, follow the exercise regime, stick to proper nutrition, take care of the health of your joints.

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How to care and how much to wear

The scarf is fixed on the injured shoulder joint of the injured person until examined by a traumatologist. Then the specialist will bandage according to all the rules. In case of soft tissue damage, bandaging is allowed only with preliminary antiseptic treatment of the wound surface. A sterile napkin or bandage soaked, for example, in hydrogen peroxide is first applied to the wound.

This bandage needs to be changed regularly yourself. The bandage is removed layer by layer or carefully cut with small scissors. The wound is treated with an antiseptic and a clean sterile bandage is applied to it. When using the bandage, you need to make sure that it does not slip and the wound does not open.

Important! Antiseptic treatment should be done several times a week, for severe injuries once every five days.

For an open wound, spica bandaging is applied every 5-7 days, while the doctor assesses the condition of the damaged soft tissues. If itching, burning, or a feeling of tightness appear in the bandaged area, then the bandage is changed earlier. To prevent complications, when applying any bandage, you need to make the first round weak and gradually increase the tension. When wearing a bandage fixation without damaging the skin in the event of a bruise or fracture, you must ensure that the bandage securely fixes the injured upper limb.

Rules for applying a spica bandage to various parts of the body

A spica bandage is a type of cross-shaped or figure-of-eight bandage. Its advantage is the ability to provide reliable fixation in areas of the body complex shape, in the area of various joints - hip, shoulder, wrist and others. The application technique is simple, anyone can master it in order to be able to provide first aid to victims of various injuries.

The indications for the use of spica bandages are quite broad; they are divided into 2 groups:

Fixation of protective aseptic material:

for various wounds;
for burns;
for applying a compress to the joint.

Immobilization of a joint or limb in case of injury:

bruises;
sprains;
dislocations;
fractures.

This type of fixation is also used for acute inflammation of the joints, exacerbation of chronic arthrosis, and arthritis with severe pain.

A spica bandage is applied using a regular gauze or elastic bandage. The first type of fixation is suitable for dressing wounds - holding sterile material. An elastic bandage is convenient for immobilization for various joint injuries and diseases; it is quite reliable, puts less pressure on tissues and does not interfere with blood circulation. For wounds, this type of fixation is not recommended, because the elastic bandage makes it difficult for air to reach the wound, which can create increased humidity and suppuration.

The bandage is applicable on a wide variety of areas of the body: in the area of various joints, in the groin and buttock areas, forearm, thumb and other areas of the body that are inconvenient for conventional bandaging.

First of all, you need to give the patient a position that will be comfortable both for him and for the one who will bandage. If the bandage is applied to the area of the shoulder and shoulder joint, the patient is seated so that he relaxes, and when applied to the hip joint or lower limb, the patient must be laid down.

You need to prepare materials: wide (20 cm) gauze or elastic bandage, fastening pins, adhesive tape (plaster), sterile wound wipes, cotton-gauze roller.

In most cases, a spica bandage is used in the area of the shoulder joint, where injuries and diseases are most common. There are 2 methods of overlay: ascending and descending.

The algorithm for applying an ascending bandage is as follows:

The patient is seated facing the bandage, with his arms down. Around the shoulder, make 2 securing initial rounds in a clockwise direction.
They move to the back, and through the opposite armpit they exit to the anterior surface of the chest.
The bandage is led to the front surface of the shoulder, crosses the initial rounds, circles around the shoulder and again leads to the back, overlapping the previous round by ½-2/3 of the width.
The bandage is again passed through the armpit to chest, but this round is placed ½-2/3 higher.
They go around the shoulder again at a level higher, go back, and everything is repeated, with each move of the bandage being located higher than the previous one. The last turn is wrapped around the shoulder and the bandage is secured with a pin.

The result is a fairly reliable fixation, and on the outside of the shoulder, the placement of crossed rounds resembles an inverted ear.

It is applied according to the same principle as an ascending bandage. The difference is that the first 2 rounds are secured not on the shoulder, but around the chest, then they move high to the shoulder, go around it, and bring the bandage to the back, armpit and chest. Everything is repeated, only each subsequent round moves not up, but down. A “spike” also forms on the outer surface of the shoulder, only turned in the opposite direction – upward. The technology is presented in the video:

The use of a bandage in the hip joint area is used to close wounds after surgery, for injuries, for the treatment of coxarthrosis, bursitis. With its help, you can fix the dressing material in the groin area, the upper third of the thigh.

In this area, the bandage can be applied in 3 options, depending on the location of the intersection of the bandage rounds:

Applied with the bandage rounds crossing in front, it is used to fix the joint, groin area, and thigh. There are 2 options for the bandage: ascending, when the first fixation round is applied around the thigh, and each subsequent one is shifted upward, going around the lower back, and downward, when fixation begins from the lower back, and the next rounds are shifted down by 1/3-½ of the width.

Bandage technique

Step-by-step bandaging scheme

If necessary, a gauze or cotton pad is placed in the armpit, and if there is a wound, it is treated with an antiseptic and covered with a sterile napkin soaked in medicine.

In order to avoid various kinds of complications, it is necessary to follow the rules of the dressing technique, which include:

Before bandaging begins, the torso should be freed from clothing, providing access to the shoulder joint;
the left shoulder is bandaged from right to left, and the right, vice versa;
the patient should not move the shoulder or injured limb during the procedure, and the injured shoulder should be completely covered with a bandage;
if there is strong compression of the injured limb with a bandage and pain symptoms, it is necessary to bandage the shoulder joint;
to apply a bandage, you need 2 wide bandages, at least 14 centimeters, as well as a roller, a pin for fastening and a scarf, for maximum immobilization of the joint;
bandaging should be done so that the next turn covers the previous one by at least 2/3, resembling a spike, which gives the name to the bandage itself;
two hands are involved in bandaging (one rolls out the bandage, and the other smoothes it out to remove all irregularities), while the first turn of the bandage should be applied evenly, without excessive tension, and on the 2nd turn the pressure should be slightly increased for a tighter fit of the dressing to the body.

Depending on the direction, the shoulder bandage comes in 2 types:

Descending spica

Bandaging continues until a full descending bandage is obtained, the turns of which are directed from above and below

Visually, the bandaging resembles the number 8, with a cross in the front of the sore shoulder. At the end of the procedure, the bandage is secured with a pin.

Ascending spica

To apply an ascending bandage, 3 initial rounds are required around the shoulder area, and for a descending bandage, 2 rounds are required around the torso

Properly performed bandaging looks neat and does not cause discomfort to the patient.

What it is and indications for use

The bandage looks like a spikelet, hence its name. Thanks to the characteristic coils, the hip joint and thumb joint are immobilized. However, most often the bandage is used for the shoulder joint. This is a rather complex design that requires skill to apply the coils correctly.
Orthopedic spica bandage - effective method fixation of joints. Immobilization allows for complete functional rest of the area, excluding even minimal accidental movements. A fixing bandage is applied to the shoulder in case of dislocation, bruise, or any damage to the area.

Possible errors when bandaging

If the spica dressing is performed incorrectly, a number of the following complications are possible:

the appearance of swelling, loss of sensitivity and pain in the shoulder joint, which is caused by too tight bandaging. In this case, tissue compression occurs, blood vessels are compressed and local blood flow is disrupted, which requires immediate removal of the bandage and re-bandaging;
if the tension of the bandage is sufficiently weak, the shoulder and forearm are not fixed in the position required for immobilization, and the bandage slips, which also requires removal of the incorrect bandage and its replacement;
A rather serious consequence of improper bandaging of a spica bandage is the formation of contractures, when, after removing the bandage, the patient is not able to fully straighten or bend the arm at the shoulder joint. To prevent the formation of contractures, therapeutic exercises are mandatory to restore mobility in the joint;
after applying a spica bandage as a result of a wound injury to the shoulder joint, the doctor examines it (6–7 days after bandaging), assessing the tightness of the bandage and the condition of the wound surface. If an unpleasant odor, itching, or hyperemia appears, the dressing should be changed earlier.

Bandages to immobilize the joint are applied for a fairly long period, until the bone fragments heal (from 14 days to 2-3 months). Properly performed bandaging provides reliable protection of the shoulder joint from wound infection, and also temporarily immobilizes the damaged area when transporting the patient to a medical facility for further provision of the necessary assistance.

It must be remembered that any medical care has a number of contraindications and indications. A spica bandage is no exception, so its application should be done by a specialist, since if the manipulation is performed incorrectly, there is a possibility of serious complications for the patient.

Technique for fixing a diseased joint

Proper bandaging is a good orthopedic remedy during the rehabilitation period after injury. While applying the bandage, the patient must remove clothing from the body and remain motionless. During bandaging, you should not put too much pressure on the tissue, but the fixation of the injured shoulder should be reliable. An important condition is to maintain mobility of the remaining joints of the upper limb when applying a bandage to the shoulder.

An eight-shaped or cross-shaped bandage involves applying bandages to damaged areas of a complex surface configuration - the chest, hand, head. It is indicated during the treatment of wounds and inflammation for fixing a napkin with a medicinal product in the area of damage. Has a complex bandaging technique.

Cross-shaped and spica-shaped technique

To apply a spica bandage you will need two bandages, a pin, a soft roller (preferably) and a scarf for control fixation. To immobilize a limb before a medical examination using a scarf fixation, you can use not only a bandage, but also any available fabric or clothing items.

Technique for applying a primary scarf bandage:

Sterile gauze is placed at the site of injury.
The scarf is placed over the joint.
The upper end of the bandage should be above the collarbone on the side of the sore arm.
The lower end is folded up and placed on the healthy side of the neck.
The top is wrapped around the elbow and secured with a pin.

The advantage of this fixation option is the ease of application. Anyone can immobilize a limb, even without special skills. One of the disadvantages is that the fixation is not strong enough, which is why it is often a temporary measure.

Spica bandaging

Spica bandaging can also be used as a first aid treatment or used for regular application medicinal product. Descending, ascending, bilateral bandaging is used. It is fixed only on the naked torso; the bandages cover both the damaged area and part of the chest. The muscles should be as relaxed as possible during the procedure. In the event of a fracture, the arm is fixed in the position that remained after the injury.

Spica bandaging sequence

Overlay algorithm:

The first rounds are done under the damaged shoulder joint.
The bandage is brought out through the armpit to the shoulder and then to the back.
It is carried out through the axillary region of the healthy shoulder to the patient.
Wraps around the damaged joint.
It is sent back through the back and axillary area.

If applied correctly, the person feels comfortable, movement will be limited only in the area of the damaged area.

Fixative

A support bandage is a device that helps maintain the anatomically correct position of the shoulder joint after its reduction.

Wearing the bandage should begin immediately after cessation of immobilization and removal of the cast.

Such a fixing agent performs several functions simultaneously:

reduces the load on the injured joint;
prevents unwanted activity;
maintains natural shoulder position;
has a compression effect;
helps restore lymph flow;
helps improve nutrition of shoulder tissue.

A bandage for a dislocated shoulder is a necessary measure that speeds up the process of restoring functionality after an injury.

Wearing a fixation device does not interfere with the performance of physical therapy exercises And therapeutic exercises indicated during the rehabilitation period. Patients can fully carry out movements in three planes, developing the joint.

Purpose of the latch

Peculiarity anatomical structure The shoulder consists of active mobility of the joints. Damage restoration occurs after repositioning of the fragments and further immobilization of the shoulder for the period of fusion bone tissue. The bandage ensures the correct position of the fragments through partial or complete fixation of the damaged shoulder.

Selection is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the injury and the stage of treatment. Wearing a brace helps:

reduce the load on muscles and ligaments;
reduce pain;
activate the restoration process in tissues;
prevent new injuries to the sore shoulder.

The fixator is adjusted by an orthopedic traumatologist who knows the specifics of treatment in accordance with the type of fracture.

Every person should be able to apply simple temporary bandages. Rendering first aid includes fixation of the injured shoulder. Prompt immobilization helps prevent worsening of the injury.

Deso bandage: indications for application, how to wear the finished product and its price

People who have experienced injuries to the shoulder or collarbone are often prescribed a treatment method such as the Deso bandage. The method is quite effective if used correctly, following all the instructions.

You can apply the bandage yourself or with the help of a specialist, using regular gauze, or you can buy a ready-made Deso bandage at a pharmacy or other specialized outlet.

Historical background and application

The Frenchman Pierre Joseph Desault was the first to apply bandages in this way back in the second half of the eighteenth century. This doctor was known as the best surgeon in his country at that time, and his brainchild is successfully used to this day all over the world. It is in honor of its creator that this type of dressing is called, the main purpose of which is to rigidly fix the hand during the treatment of the consequences of injuries.

Indications and contraindications

Contraindication for this method there is only one. These are various injuries and pathologies (including allergic ones) of the skin at the potential point of contact with the bandage.

The spica bandage is made using a special bandaging technique; visually the cross of the bandages resembles a spike. It is effective in cases where the use of other dressings cannot provide the necessary fixation of the damaged area. Let's consider the technique of its implementation, different application options.

Shoulder spica bandage

The spica bandage is a type of figure-eight bandage. Its peculiarity is that the intersection of layers of bandage material occurs along one line, which looks like a spike.

Applying a spica bandage is considered if the patient has wounds in the area:

upper third of the shoulder;
shoulder joint;
shoulder girdle areas;
hip joint.

Injuries to these areas are united by the fact that it is almost impossible to ensure uniform and tight application of other bandages in them. So, any other bandage on the injured shoulder will constantly slide down and will not provide the necessary fixation.

The spica bandage for the shoulder joint differs from other types of bandages in the bandaging technique. For other bandages, the healthcare provider will bandage the affected area clockwise from left to right. The exceptions are Deso bandages and spica bandages.

The spica shoulder bandage got its name because of the characteristic plexus that forms at the intersection of the bandage rounds. This is shown in the picture below.

This is a modified figure-eight bandage. Its tours, fitting downwards or upwards, form a descending or ascending spica bandage.

The list of indications for the use of spica can be divided into two large groups, depending on the purpose of its application:

1. Immobilization for injuries of limbs and joints:

fractures;
dislocations;
sprains;
bruises.

2. Fixation of aseptic protective material:

when applying a compress to the joint;
for burns;
in the treatment of wound surfaces.

In addition, a spica bandage is indicated for the treatment of arthritis with severe pain syndrome, exacerbation of arthrosis, as well as acute inflammation of the joints.

Overlay technique

The spica bandage allows you to hold the dressing material in the area of the shoulder or hip joints, as well as areas adjacent to them - the groin and gluteal region, shoulder girdle, scapular region, upper third of the shoulder, etc.

General rules for applying a spica bandage:

the patient's arm should be located along the body;
the bandage is placed on the lower third of the shoulder;
The bandage is always applied in the direction from the healthy side to the sick side;
the bandage is secured around the upper third of the shoulder.

Equipment: to apply a bandage, you need a pin and a 20 cm wide bandage. A regular elastic or gauze bandage is suitable for the bandage. A gauze bandage helps hold the sterile material in place. An elastic bandage provides effective immobilization for various injuries - it does not interfere with blood circulation, puts less pressure on tissues and is quite durable. An elastic bandage is not suitable for isolating the wound surface - in this case, air access to the wound will be impaired, which can cause suppuration.

Before applying the bandage, the patient is placed in a position that will be comfortable for both him and the health care worker. Yes, when bandaging lower limb The patient should be laid down and, when applying a bandage to the shoulder, should be seated in a comfortable position.

The spica bandage on the shoulder joint can be ascending or descending. The techniques for applying them are somewhat different.

1. Algorithm for applying an ascending bandage:

the patient is in a comfortable position, facing the healthcare worker. His hands are down. Two securing initial rounds of bandages pass around the shoulder clockwise;
then the bandage is thrown onto the back, through the armpit opposite to the injured side, the bandage is brought to the front surface of the chest;
Next, the healthcare worker places the bandage on the front surface of the shoulder. The initial rounds are crossed, the bandage is wrapped around the shoulder and again brought to the back. The previous round should be overlapped by 1/2-2/3 of its width;
then, through the armpit, the bandage is again brought out onto the chest, however, this round should be 1/2-2/3 higher than the previous one;
The shoulder is again wrapped around the bandage to a higher level, they go back and the procedure is repeated. In this case, each round of the bandage should be located higher than the previous one. At the last turn, the shoulder is wrapped in a bandage and secured with a pin.

The spica bandage provides reliable fixation, and the crossed rounds of the bandage resemble an inverted spike.

Descending spica bandage

2. A descending spica bandage on the arm is performed using the same technique as an ascending one. The difference is that the first two turns of the bandage must be secured not on the shoulder, but around the chest, then the bandage goes high up on the shoulder and goes around it.

As a result, the pattern of the bandage also resembles a spike, only it is turned in the opposite direction - up.

The scope of application of the spica bandage is not limited to application to the shoulder joint. In many other cases, healthcare workers also use its fixing functions, and it is possible to combine several bandaging techniques.

Let's consider other options for its use .

1. Bandage on the pelvis or abdomen.

A spiral bandage is usually applied to these areas. In order to strengthen the bandage, some elements of the spica bandage are also used. In this case, the bandage will cover the buttock, the upper third of the thigh, and the lower abdomen.

Depending on where the intersection of the layers of the bandage will take place, inguinal, lateral and posterior spica bandages are distinguished.

A strengthening bandage is applied around the waist in circular rounds, then along the side it is passed from back to front, after that it is led to the front and inner surface of the thigh. Next, the bandage goes around the back semicircle of the thigh, is brought out from the outside, and passes obliquely through the groin to the back semicircle of the thigh. The direction of the bandage can also be ascending or descending.

2. Double-sided spica bandage to cover the upper thirds of the thighs and buttocks.

3. Spica bandage for injuries of the thumb or index finger. The technique is similar to the previous ones. The bandage is strengthened in a circular motion around the wrist joint. It then passes along the back of the hand between the thumb and index finger to the nail phalanx of the thumb. The bandage goes around the thumb and returns to the wrist joint, making a turn around it. Then they make a new turn, with the new round of the bandage covering the previous one by one third or half.

Errors

When applying a spica bandage, the following errors are possible, which boil down to two points - the bandage is applied too tightly or too loosely.

1. When bandaging tightly soft fabrics excessively compressed by initial or reinforcing tours.

This can lead to the following complications:

tissue swelling downwards from the bandage;
numbness of the skin of the extremities;
pale or bluish color of the skin of the extremities;
pain in bandaged limbs.

In this case, the bandage becomes a tourniquet and leads to such serious consequences as trophic disorders and gangrene.

2. Weak bandaging. If the spica bandage on the shoulder joint is not applied tightly enough, it does not perform the functions for which it is intended:

infection may enter the wound;
the dressing material does not stay on the wound;
the dressing material falls out and becomes dislodged;
the joint is not fixed properly.

Also, the effectiveness of the dressing depends on proper care for her. The spica bandage must be sterile, for this it must be replaced regularly.

Attention! the information on the site does not constitute a medical diagnosis or a guide to action and is intended for informational purposes only.