How to determine the normal pulse. Know - what is the normal pulse of a person at what age should be. General characteristics of heart rate

Pulse is a fluctuation of the walls of blood vessels associated with a change in their blood supply during the cardiac cycle. There are arterial, venous and capillary pulses. The study of the arterial pulse provides important information about the work of the heart, the state of blood circulation and the properties of the arteries. The main method of studying the pulse is probing the arteries. For the radial artery, the hand of the subject is freely clasped with a hand in the area so that the thumb is located on the back, and the rest of the fingers are on the front surface. radius where the pulsating radial artery is palpable under the skin. The pulse is felt simultaneously on both hands, since sometimes it is expressed differently on the right and left hands (due to vascular anomalies, compression or blockage of the subclavian or brachial artery). In addition to the radial artery, the pulse is examined on the carotid, femoral, temporal arteries, arteries of the feet, etc. (Fig. 1). An objective characteristic of the pulse is given by its graphic registration (see). At healthy person the pulse wave rises relatively steeply and slowly falls off (Fig. 2, 1); in some diseases, the shape of the pulse wave changes. When examining the pulse, its frequency, rhythm, filling, tension and speed are determined.

How to measure your heart rate correctly

Rice. 1. Method for measuring the pulse on various arteries: 1 - temporal; 2 - shoulder; 3 - dorsal artery of the foot; 4 - beam; 5 - posterior tibial; 6 - femoral; 7 - popliteal.

In healthy adults, the pulse rate corresponds to the heart rate and is 60-80 per 1 minute. With an increase in heart rate (see) or a slowdown (see), the pulse rate changes accordingly, and the pulse is called frequent or rare. With an increase in body temperature by 1 °, the pulse rate increases by 8-10 beats per 1 minute. Sometimes the number of pulse beats is less than the heart rate (HR), the so-called pulse deficit. This is due to the fact that during very weak or premature contractions of the heart, so little blood enters the aorta that its pulse wave does not reach the peripheral arteries. The higher the pulse deficit, the more adversely it affects blood circulation. To determine the pulse rate, consider it for 30 seconds. and the result is multiplied by two. If the heart rhythm is disturbed, the pulse is counted for 1 minute.

In a healthy person, the pulse is rhythmic, i.e., pulse waves follow one after another at regular intervals. With heart rhythm disorders (see), pulse waves usually follow at irregular intervals, the pulse becomes arrhythmic (Fig. 2, 2).

The filling of the pulse depends on the amount of blood ejected during systole into the arterial system, and on the extensibility of the arterial wall. Normal - pulse wave is well felt - full pulse. If less than normal blood enters the arterial system, the pulse wave decreases, the pulse becomes small. With severe blood loss, shock, collapse, pulse waves can barely be felt, such a pulse is called filiform. A decrease in the filling of the pulse is also noted in diseases that lead to thickening of the walls of the arteries or narrowing of their lumen (atherosclerosis). In severe damage to the heart muscle, an alternation of a large and small pulse wave is observed (Fig. 2, 3) - an intermittent pulse.

Pulse tension is related to altitude blood pressure. With hypertension, a certain effort is required to squeeze the artery and stop its pulsation - a hard, or tense, pulse. With low blood pressure, the artery is compressed easily, the pulse disappears with little effort and is called soft.

The pulse rate depends on the pressure fluctuations in the arterial system during systole and diastole. If during systole the pressure in the aorta increases rapidly, and during diastole falls rapidly, then there will be a rapid expansion and collapse of the arterial wall. Such a pulse is called fast, at the same time it can be large (Fig. 2, 4). Most often, a fast and large pulse is observed with insufficiency of the aortic valve. A slow increase in pressure in the aorta during systole and a slow decrease in diastole causes a slow expansion and slow collapse of the arterial wall - a slow pulse; at the same time it is small. Such a pulse appears when the aortic orifice narrows due to the difficulty in expelling blood from the left ventricle. Sometimes, after the main pulse wave, a second, smaller wave appears. This phenomenon is called dicrotia pulse (Fig. 2.5). It is associated with a change in the tension of the arterial wall. Dicrotia of the pulse occurs with fever, some infectious diseases. When probing the arteries, not only the properties of the pulse are examined, but also the state of the vascular wall. So, with a significant deposition of calcium salts in the vessel wall, the artery is probed in the form of a dense, twisted, rough tube.

The pulse in children is more frequent than in adults. This is due not only to the lesser influence of the vagus nerve, but also to a more intense metabolism.

With age, the heart rate gradually decreases. Girls of all ages have a higher heart rate than boys. Cry, anxiety, muscle movements cause a significant increase in heart rate in children. Besides, in childhood there is a known unevenness of pulse periods associated with breathing (respiratory arrhythmia).

Pulse (from Latin pulsus - push) is rhythmic, jerky vibrations of the walls of blood vessels that occur as a result of the ejection of blood from the heart into the arterial system.

Doctors of antiquity (India, Greece, the Arab East) paid great attention to the study of the pulse, giving it a decisive diagnostic value. The scientific basis of the doctrine of the pulse received after the discovery by Harvey (W. Harwey) of blood circulation. The invention of the sphygmograph and especially the introduction of modern methods of pulse recording (arteriopiezography, high-speed electrosphygmography, etc.) have significantly deepened knowledge in this area.

With each systole of the heart, a certain amount of blood is rapidly ejected into the aorta, stretching the initial part of the elastic aorta and increasing pressure in it. This change in pressure propagates in the form of a wave along the aorta and its branches to the arterioles, where normally, due to their muscular resistance, the pulse wave stops. The propagation of the pulse wave occurs at a speed of 4 to 15 m/s, and the resulting stretching and elongation of the arterial wall constitutes the arterial pulse. There are central arterial pulse (of the aorta, carotid and subclavian arteries) and peripheral (femoral, radial, temporal, dorsal artery of the foot, etc.). Difference of these two forms of pulse comes to light at its graphic registration by a method of a sphygmography (see). On the pulse curve - sphygmogram - there are ascending (anacrota), descending (katacrota) parts and a dicrotic wave (dicrota).

Rice. 2. Graphic registration of the pulse: 1 - normal; 2 - arrhythmic (a-b- different kinds); 3 - intermittent; 4 - large and fast (a), small and slow (b); 5 - dicrotic.

Most often, the pulse is examined on the radial artery (a. radialis), which is located superficially under the fascia and skin between the styloid process of the radius and the tendon of the internal radial muscle. With anomalies in the location of the artery, the presence of bandages on the hands or massive edema, the pulse is examined on other arteries accessible to palpation. The pulse on the radial artery is delayed compared to the systole of the heart by approximately 0.2 seconds. The study of the pulse on the radial artery must be carried out on both hands; only in the absence of a difference in the properties of the pulse can one confine oneself to further research on one arm. Usually, the subject's hand is freely grasped with the right hand in the area of ​​the wrist joint and placed at the level of the subject's heart. In this case, the thumb should be placed on the ulnar side, and the index, middle and ring fingers - on the radial, directly on the radial artery. Normally, you get a feeling of a soft, thin, even and elastic tube, pulsating under your fingers.

If when comparing the pulse on the left and right hands if its value is different or the pulse is delayed on one hand compared to the other, then such a pulse is called different (pulsus differens). It is observed most often with unilateral anomalies in the location of blood vessels, their compression by tumors or enlarged lymph nodes. An aneurysm of the aortic arch, if it is located between the innominate and left subclavian arteries, causes a delay and a decrease in the pulse wave on the left radial artery. Increased in mitral stenosis left atrium can compress the left subclavian artery, which reduces the pulse wave on the left radial artery, especially in the position on the left side (Popov-Saveliev sign).

The qualitative characteristic of the pulse depends on the activity of the heart and the state of the vascular system. When examining the pulse, pay attention to the following properties.

Pulse rate. The counting of pulse beats should be done in at least 1/2 min., while the resulting figure is multiplied by 2. If the pulse is incorrect, the counting should be done within 1 min.; with a sharp excitation of the patient at the beginning of the study, it is desirable to repeat the count. Normally, the number of pulse beats in an adult man is on average 70, in women - 80 in 1 min. Photoelectric heart rate monitors are currently used to automatically calculate the pulse rate, which is very important, for example, to monitor the patient's condition during surgery. Like body temperature, the pulse rate gives two daily rises - the first around 11 o'clock in the afternoon, the second between 6 and 8 o'clock in the evening. With an increase in the pulse rate of more than 90 in 1 minute, they speak of tachycardia (see); such a frequent pulse is called pulsus frequens. At a pulse rate of less than 60 per minute, they speak of bradycardia (see), and the pulse is called pulsus rarus. In cases where individual contractions of the left ventricle are so weak that pulse waves do not reach the periphery, the number of pulse beats becomes less than the number of heart contractions. This phenomenon is called bradysphygmia, the difference between the number of heartbeats and pulse beats in 1 minute is called a pulse deficit, and the pulse itself is called pulsus deficiens. With an increase in body temperature, each degree above 37 usually corresponds to an increase in heart rate by an average of 8 beats per 1 minute. The exception is fever typhoid fever and peritonitis: in the first case, a relative slowing of the pulse is often observed, in the second - its relative increase. With a drop in body temperature, the pulse rate usually decreases, but (for example, during collapse) this is accompanied by a significant increase in the pulse.

Pulse Rhythm. If pulse beats follow one after another at regular intervals, then they speak of a regular, rhythmic pulse (pulsus regularis), otherwise an irregular, irregular pulse (pulsus irregularis) is observed. In healthy people, an increase in the pulse on inhalation and its decrease on exhalation are often noted - respiratory arrhythmia (Fig. 1); holding the breath eliminates this type of arrhythmia. On changes of pulse it is possible to diagnose many types of arrhythmia of heart (see); more precisely, they are all determined by electrocardiography.

Rice. 1. Respiratory arrhythmia.

Pulse rate is determined by the nature of the rise and fall of pressure in the artery during the passage of the pulse wave.

A fast, jumping pulse (pulsus celer) is accompanied by a feeling of a very rapid rise and the same rapid decrease in the pulse wave, which is directly proportional at this moment to the rate of pressure change in the radial artery (Fig. 2). As a rule, such a pulse is both large, high (pulsus magnus, s. altus) and is most pronounced in aortic insufficiency. At the same time, the researcher's finger feels not only fast, but also large rises and falls of the pulse wave. AT pure form a large, high pulse is sometimes observed with physical exertion and often with complete atrioventricular blockade. A sluggish, slow pulse (pulsus tardus), accompanied by a feeling of a slow rise and a slow decrease in the pulse wave (Fig. 3), occurs when the aortic orifice narrows, when the arterial system is filled slowly. Such a pulse, as a rule, is small in size (height) - pulsus parvus, which depends on a small increase in pressure in the aorta during left ventricular systole. This type of pulse is typical for mitral stenosis, severe weakness of the myocardium of the left ventricle, fainting, collapse.

Rice. 2. Pulsus celer.

Rice. 3. Pulsus tardus.

Pulse voltage is determined by the force necessary to completely stop the propagation of the pulse wave. When examining the distally located index finger, the vessel is completely squeezed to prevent the penetration of reverse waves, and the most proximal lying ring finger produces gradually increasing pressure until the “groping” third finger ceases to feel the pulse. There is a tense, hard pulse (pulsus durum) and a relaxed, soft pulse (pulsus mollis). According to the degree of pulse tension, one can approximately judge the magnitude of the maximum arterial pressure; the higher it is, the more intense the pulse.

Filling the pulse consists of the magnitude (height) of the pulse and partly its voltage. The filling of the pulse depends on the amount of blood in the artery and on the total volume of circulating blood. Distinguish pulse full (pulsus plenus), as a rule, large, high, and empty (pulsus vaccuus), as a rule, small. With massive bleeding, collapse, shock, the pulse can be barely palpable, threadlike (pulsus filiformis). If the pulse waves are not the same in size and degree of filling, then they speak of an uneven pulse (pulsus inaequalis), as opposed to a uniform pulse (pulsus aequalis). An uneven pulse is observed almost always with an arrhythmic pulse in cases atrial fibrillation, early extrasystoles. A kind of uneven pulse is an alternating pulse (pulsus alternans), when the correct alternation of pulse beats of different sizes and filling is felt. Such a pulse is one of the early signs of severe heart failure; it is best detected sphygmographically with slight compression of the shoulder with a sphygmomanometer cuff. In cases of a drop in peripheral vascular tone, a second, smaller, dicrotic wave can be palpated. This phenomenon is called dicrotia, and the pulse is called dicrotic (pulsus dicroticus). Such a pulse is often observed in fever (the relaxing effect of heat on the muscles of the arteries), hypotension, sometimes during the recovery period after severe infections. At the same time, there is almost always a decrease in the minimum arterial pressure.

Pulsus paradoxus - decrease in pulse waves on inspiration (Fig. 4). And in healthy people at the height of inspiration due to negative pressure in chest cavity the blood filling of the left parts of the heart decreases and the systole of the heart is somewhat difficult, which leads to a decrease in the size and filling of the pulse. When narrowing the upper respiratory tract or weakness of the myocardium, this phenomenon is more pronounced. With adhesive pericarditis on inspiration, the heart is strongly stretched by adhesions to the chest, spine and diaphragm, which leads to difficulty in systolic contraction, a decrease in the ejection of blood into the aorta, and often to the complete disappearance of the pulse at the height of inspiration. Adhesive pericarditis is characterized, in addition to this phenomenon, by a pronounced swelling of the cervical veins due to compression by adhesions of the superior vena cava and innominate veins.

Rice. 4. Pulsus paradoxus.

Capillary, more precisely pseudocapillary, pulse, or Quincke's pulse, is the rhythmic expansion of small arterioles (not capillaries) as a result of a rapid and significant increase in pressure in the arterial system during systole. In this case, a large pulse wave reaches the smallest arterioles, but in the capillaries themselves, the blood flow remains continuous. Pseudocapillary pulse is most pronounced in aortic insufficiency. True, in some cases, capillaries and even venules (the “true” capillary pulse) are involved in pulsatory oscillations, which sometimes happens in severe thyrotoxicosis, fever, or in healthy young people during thermal procedures. It is believed that in these cases, from venous stasis, the arterial knee of the capillaries expands. The capillary pulse is best detected by lightly pressing the lip with a glass slide, when alternating, corresponding to the pulse, redness and blanching of its mucous membrane is detected.

Venous pulse reflects fluctuations in the volume of the veins as a result of systole and diastole of the right atrium and ventricle, which cause either a slowdown or an acceleration of the outflow of blood from the veins into the right atrium (swelling and collapse of the veins, respectively). The study of the venous pulse is carried out on the veins of the neck, necessarily simultaneously examining the pulse of the external carotid artery. Normally, there is a very little noticeable and almost imperceptible pulsation with the fingers, when the swelling jugular vein precedes the pulse wave on the carotid artery - right atrial, or "negative", venous pulse. With insufficiency of the tricuspid valve, the venous pulse becomes right ventricular, "positive", since due to a defect in the tricuspid valve there is a reverse (centrifugal) blood flow - from the right ventricle to the right atrium and veins. Such a venous pulse is characterized by pronounced swelling of the jugular veins simultaneously with the rise of the pulse wave on the carotid artery. If at the same time the neck vein is pressed in the middle, then its lower segment continues to pulsate. A similar picture can occur with severe right ventricular failure and without damage to the tricuspid valve. A more accurate idea of ​​the venous pulse can be obtained using graphic registration methods (see Phlebogram).

hepatic pulse is determined by inspection and palpation, but much more accurately its nature is revealed by graphic registration of the pulsation of the liver and especially by X-ray electrokymography. Normally, the hepatic pulse is determined with great difficulty and depends on the dynamic "stagnation" in the hepatic veins as a result of the activity of the right ventricle. With malformations of the tricuspid valve, systolic (with valve insufficiency) or presystolic pulsation (with stenosis of the orifice) of the liver may increase as a result of the “hydraulic lock” of its outflow tracts.

Pulse in children. In children, the pulse is much faster than in adults, which is explained by a more intense metabolism, rapid contractility of the heart muscle and less influence of the vagus nerve. The highest heart rate in newborns (120-140 beats per 1 minute), but on the 2nd-3rd day of life, their pulse may slow down to 70-80 beats per 1 minute. (A. F. Tur). With age, the pulse rate decreases (table 2.).

In children, the pulse is most conveniently examined on the radial or temporal artery. In the smallest and most restless children, auscultation of heart sounds can be used to calculate the pulse. The most accurate pulse rate is determined at rest, during sleep. A child has 3.5-4 heart beats per breath.

The pulse rate in children is subject to large fluctuations.

Increased heart rate easily occurs with anxiety, screaming, muscle exercises, eating. The ambient temperature and barometric pressure also influence the pulse rate (A. L. Sakhnovsky, M. G. Kulieva, E. V. Tkachenko). With an increase in the child's body temperature by 1 °, the pulse quickens by 15-20 beats (A. F. Tour). In girls, the pulse is more frequent than in boys, by 2-6 beats. This difference is especially pronounced in the period of sexual development.

When assessing the pulse in children, it is necessary to pay attention not only to its frequency, but also to the rhythm, the degree of filling of the vessels, their tension. A sharp increase in heart rate (tachycardia) is observed with endo- and myocarditis, with heart defects, infectious diseases. Paroxysmal tachycardia up to 170-300 beats per 1 min. may be seen in children early age. Decrease in heart rate (bradycardia) is observed with an increase in intracranial pressure, with severe forms malnutrition, with uremia, epidemic hepatitis, typhoid fever, with an overdose of digitalis. Deceleration of the pulse to more than 50-60 beats per 1 min. leads to suspect the presence of a heart block.

In children, the same types of cardiac arrhythmias are observed as in adults. In children with an unbalanced nervous system during puberty, as well as against the background of bradycardia during the period of recovery from acute infections sinus respiratory arrhythmia is common: an increase in the pulse during inhalation and a slowdown during exhalation. Extrasystoles in children, more often ventricular, occur with myocardial damage, but can also be functional.

A weak pulse of poor filling, often with tachycardia, indicates the phenomena of cardiac weakness, a decrease in blood pressure. A tense pulse, indicating an increase in blood pressure, is observed in children most often with nephritis.

One of the important indicators of the state of the body is the heart rate. Not to be missed pathological changes in the work of the myocardium in adults and children, it is necessary to know the norms of the heart rhythm.

Physiological changes in the number of contractions of the organ responsible for blood circulation is called heart rate. The indicator of myocardial pulsation frequency is widely used by medical specialists and coaches-athletes to determine deviations in the work of the vascular system and the body as a whole.

Heart rate is the contractile movement of the heart muscle per unit of time, which is a natural indicator of the processes taking place in the body. Unlike the frequency of myocardial contractions, the pulse is a jerky rhythmic oscillation of the walls of blood vessels that conduct blood from the heart to all parts of the body.

When the heart rate changes

Heart rate (the norm in adults differs from children) can change during the day. In a person’s sleep, the physiological rhythm of the myocardium decreases, and vice versa - during working hours, cardiac activity accelerates. Natural changes in the function of the heart muscle include:

Acceleration:

• elevated nervous tension in the body;
• muscle fatigue;
• painful condition, accompanied by fever and chills;
• hyperthermia;
• being on high level from the surface of the earth;
• the period of gestation;
• consumption of caffeinated liquids and drinks.

Slowdown:

• increased content of water molecules in the air;
• trained heart muscle;
• physiological state of rest and rest;
• usage medicinal substances causing a decrease in emotional stress.

But you should be aware that changes in the number of compressions of the hollow organ responsible for blood circulation can be triggered by painful conditions in the body.

Accelerated heartbeat:

• pathological changes in the integrity of the nervous structures;
• increased production thyroid gland thyroid-stimulating hormones;
• reduced number of red blood cells that carry oxygen;
• damage to the vessels of the heart and valvular apparatus;
• changes in the functioning of the respiratory system;
• inflammation of the muscle layer of the myocardium;

Slow Rhythm:

• structural damage to the sinoatrial node;
• an overabundance of drugs used for violations of heart rate;
• intoxication of the body;
• defects of the stomach cavity;
• damage to the outer and inner parts of the skull;
• acute violation of cerebral circulation;
• neoplasms in the brain;
• insufficient production of thyroid-stimulating hormones by the thyroid gland.

Heart rate norm

According to scientific research, the average heart rate for a healthy adult is approximately 60-90 beats / min. This indicator is average, since many people without pathologies in the body live with a heart rate of less than 50 beats and more than 90, which is a feature of the body. Indicator of heart rate values:

Men

In the strong half, the number of heart beats is lower than in women by about 10 units. When measuring the myocardial rhythm parameter, each factor that can provoke an increase or decrease in the rate of contractions of a hollow organ should be taken into account.

For an absolutely healthy man, the heart rate should correspond to:

• norm - 70-74 beats / min;
• minimum - 66-69 beats / min;
• maximum - 75-82 beats / min.

Women

The body of representatives fair half has a number physiological characteristics.

Women are characterized by a higher heart rate, which differs from the male myocardial rhythm by 10-15 beats / min. and matches:

• average: 80-84 units;
• minimum: 76-79 units;
• maximum: 85-93 units

Pregnancy

During the period of an “interesting” situation, hormonal changes occur in women, which entails an increase in the pulsation of a hollow organ that pumps liquid connective tissue through the vessels. This state of the circulatory system is physiological norm.

The main indicators of heart rate during pregnancy:

• norm - 90-94 beats / min;
• minimum - 86-89 beats / min;
• maximum - 95-103 beats / min.

Childhood

For a child's body, it is common for constant and intense changes due to rapid growth, which greatly affects the heart rhythm. Also, children are characterized by changes in myocardial contraction with an increase in physiological parameters.

To normal indicators the work of the heart muscle in a young organism, the following values ​​\u200b\u200bshould be attributed:

• average: 95-100 units;
• minimum: 60-70 units;
• maximum: 130-150 units

Hypobiosis

The state of reduced functional activity of the human body is the most optimal for determining the correct functioning of the myocardium.

For hypobiosis is a characteristic heart rate:

• norm - 65-70 beats / min;
• minimum - 55-60 beats / min;
• maximum - 75-80 beats / min.

muscle work

In order to find out the heart rate during exercise, you must first measure myocardial contractions at rest, and then calculate the correct number of contractions of the hollow organ.

As a rule, heart rate during muscular work should be calculated based on the characteristics of the body of an individual, but for a faster determination of the pulse, there are norms:

• average: 170-175 units;
• minimum: 155-160 units;
• maximum: 176-186 units

Accelerated mode of travel

Running is the biggest load for the work of the myocardium. To calculate the normal values ​​of heart rate, it is necessary to subtract the value of age from 200 tons.

But there is an average indicator of the work of the heart:

• norm - 142-147 beats / min;
• minimum - 132-140 beats / min;
• maximum - 148-151 beats / min.

Burning calories

Weight change is directly related to calories. The more contractions the heart muscle makes, the harder it works. vascular system, delivering necessary substances in all systems and organs. This process is associated with the loss of calories and burning subcutaneous fat.

The optimal numbers of myocardial pulsation are:

• average: 123-129 units;
• minimum: 113-122 units;
• maximum: 123-134 units

After eating

While eating, the cardiovascular system begins to work hard, increasing the flow of fluid. connective tissue to the stomach cavity, which accelerates the heart rate.

Natural heart rate numbers for this condition are:

• norm - 70-75 beats / min;
• minimum - 60-65 beats / min;
• maximum - 80-85 beats / min.

Heart rate norm by age

Heart rate (normal in adults in different periods life is different) - an inconsistent value due to physiological changes inherent in the human body.

How to measure heart rate?

Heart rate in adults and children can be measured by a medical specialist at a face-to-face appointment.

To independently determine the number of myocardial shocks, you should know the norms of heart contraction and the features of the procedure:

• in a state of complete rest;
• after eating food after a few hours;
• should be in good health;
• under normal temperature conditions;
• sober;
• The person must be in a sitting or lying position.

To measure the number of myocardial contractions yourself or with the help of an assistant, you must apply the following technique:

• put your palm to the part of the body bounded by the ribs just below the armpit;
• take a device capable of measuring time intervals with an accuracy of fractions of a second;
• count blows in 60 seconds;
• in case of rhythm disturbances, the procedure should be done for 3 minutes and the resulting value divided by 3.

To additional methods determining the frequency of myocardial contractions should include:

• calculation of heart rate on the part of the leg from the pelvis to the knee bend, the cervical artery, the place of the skull from the ear to the forehead;
• the use of modern watches with a heart rate monitor, a mobile phone.

Causes of palpitations

Rapid heartbeats are called tachycardia. Such changes in the work of the myocardium can have a functional and organic nature of disorders in the body.

Attention should be paid to the main causes of elevated level heart rate:

• sudden feeling of fear;
• inexplicable, painful attack of anxiety for the patient;
• strong muscle tension;
• sudden fluctuations in blood pressure numbers;
• exit of blood outside the vascular bed;
• inflammatory process different localization and character, provoked by pyogenic microbial flora;
• accumulation of excess heat in the body with an increase in temperature indicators;
• a disorder of life that arose as a result of the ingestion of toxins that provoked a painful condition;
• disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine gland, which produces iodine-containing hormones and is involved in metabolic processes;
• discomfort and pain behind the sternum, due to circulatory failure of the heart muscle;
• changes in myocardial structures that disrupt the movement of liquid connective tissue inside a hollow organ or through the circulatory system;
• mental anxiety;
• anemia;
• accumulation of fat in the body, leading to the appearance of excess body weight;
• the use of drinks containing wine alcohol;
• ovulation suppression based on use synthetic analogues female sex hormones;
• excessive passion for biologically active additives and their compositions;
• pathological change in the totality of the processes of water and electrolytes entering the body;
• the use of drugs to combat excess weight.

Causes of a low heart rate

The heart rate (the norm for adult men and women is different) may be reduced.

The main causes of bradycardia are:

• pathological changes in the heart muscle responsible for pumping blood, characterized by the growth of connective scar tissue;
• long stay in the cold;
• increased pressure in the ventricles of the brain;
• malignant neoplasms;
• bleeding inside the skull;
• damage to the autonomic system of the body;
• the use of drugs that block beta-adrenergic receptors;
• improper use of drugs for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias;
• slowdown of metabolic processes due to insufficient production of thyroxine;
• inflammatory pathologies of the brain;
• chemical poisoning;
• long-term lack of intake of substances necessary to maintain homeostasis;
• penetration into the body of pathogenic microbes and prions;
• hypotension;
• pathological changes in the ninth pair of cranial nerves;
• insufficient supply of oxygenated liquid connective tissue to the cells of the body;
• inflammatory liver disease.

How to normalize indicators

Heart rate (the norm in adults directly depends on the degree of fitness of the body) is a sequential process, the disruption of which affects the state of the whole organism. Changes in cardiac contractions require correction, for this it is necessary to know certain methods, procedures, and sometimes drugs that help with this pathological condition.

Any abnormalities in myocardial contractions require examination by a specialist doctor who can correctly diagnose and prescribe treatment. To help raise your heart rate:

Pharmacological preparations:

• Anticholinergic drugs are substances that block the organic compound responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses: Atropine-Darnitsa; Besalol; Sanapuz.
• Means that are competitive blockers of receptors for the neurotransmitter imidazolyl-ethylamine, which disrupts the heart rhythm: Pipolfen; Lvovdialik-Promethazine; Kalmaben.
• Antiparkinsonian drugs that increase the level of the hormone dopamine, which improves motor activity: Akineton; Parkopan; Tryfen.
• Drugs of the group of nitrogen-containing organic compounds of natural origin, which have a stimulating effect on the main part nervous system: Peyon; Theotard; Unicontin.
• Drugs that provide the process of impulse transmission in adrenergic synapses - act on the peripheral nervous system: Adrenor; Dobutel; Epinen.

Ways:

• The use of physical influence for a therapeutic purpose: sharko shower; rubbing the body; hydrotherapy method, which consists in using a warm freshwater bath with the addition of mustard powder.
• Physical training: swimming lessons; walks in the open air; jogging; cycling trips.
• Food: spicy food; dark chocolate; caffeinated drinks.
• Folk methods: inhalation of vapors with the addition of Chinese magnolia vine essential oil; tea with ginseng; decoction of cut grass; hot drink with the addition of heduosmon; the use of a mixture of lemon peel, chopped nuts and bee thick sweet substance; tinctures from the fruits of forest shrubs.

Procedures:

• Use of a mustard plaster on the chest area on the right;
• wet bandages with essential oils on the back of the head;
• active stimulation of the soft edge of the auricle.

Help to lower your heart rate medicines a:

• Beta-adrenergic inhibitors that slow down the heart rate: Bicard; Biprolol; Azoprol.
• Drugs that prevent thrombosis: Curantil; Avix; Diloxol.
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors that normalize heart rate by lowering blood pressure: Invornil; Renitek; Ednit.
• Derivatives of barbituric acid, which have a depressing effect on the central nervous system: Velecard-Health; Corvalcaps; Menovalen.
• Psychotropic drugs that eliminate various excitations that provoke increased myocardial work: Alprazolam; Zolomax; Neurol.
• A heterogeneous group of drugs that block calcium channels that affect the heart rate: Veratard; Tarka; Lekoptin.
• Means that increase the duration of the action potential - have an antiarrhythmic effect on the myocardium: Amidaron; Aritmil; Myorhythmil.

Ways:

• with high heart rate, vomiting should be induced;
• inhale deeply and exhale sharply;
• make rubbing with your fingertips of the inner corner of the eyeballs;
• massage the neck in the area of ​​​​rhythmic pulsation of the large carotid arterial vessel;
• sit down several times;
• with a deep breath, close the nasal openings and lower your face into a container with a cool liquid;
• sit on the toilet and pout.

Food needed to lower heart rate:

• green tea with milk;
• boiled potatoes in their skins;
• curdled milk;
• soft-boiled chicken eggs;
• asparagus;
• beet juice;
• sesame oil.

Folk methods:

• eat 1 tsp. sweet viscous product produced by bees;
• use an infusion of cat grass;
• before eating for half an hour to drink a decoction of lemon balm.

Procedures:

• meditation;
• acupuncture;
• light massage of the collar zone without effort.

The heart rate in adults changes over the course of life, which may indicate normal age-related changes in the body or a pathological process in the body. It should be remembered that such a state cannot be ignored.

Interesting videos about heart rate and how to normalize it

Pulse rate by age:

How to lower high heart rate:

15. Method for determining the pulse. Name the main characteristics of the pulse in normal and pathological conditions.

The pulse is a periodic expansion and contraction of the arteries, synchronous with cardiac activity.

The pulsation of the carotid, temporal, brachial, ulnar, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsal arteries of the feet is available for palpation.

The study of the pulse on the common carotid arteries should begin with the simultaneous palpation of it on both sides of the neck. The index finger of the palpating hand is placed over the top of the lung, parallel to the clavicle, and gently pressed with the pulp of the nail phalanx carotid artery posteriorly to the outer edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Also, the common carotid arteries are palpated at the inner edges of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the cricoid cartilage. Palpation of the carotid arteries must be done carefully.

Study of the pulse on the temporal arteries - you can palpate both temporal arteries at the same time; the pulp of the nail phalanges of the second-fourth fingers of both hands gently presses the temporal arteries to the front of the skull at the front edges and slightly above the auricles.

Examination of the pulsation of the aortic arch through the jugular fossa - the index finger of the right hand is lowered deep to the bottom of the jugular notch; with the expansion of the aortic arch or its lengthening, the finger feels pulse beats.

Examination of the pulse on the brachial artery - palpate with the pulp of the nail phalanges of the second-fourth fingers of one hand as deep as possible in the lower third of the shoulder at the inner edge of the biceps muscle of the shoulder, the second hand holds the patient's hand.

Examination of the pulse on the ulnar artery - palpate with the pulp of the nail phalanges of the second-fourth fingers of one hand in the region of the middle of the cubital fossa, the second hand - hold the patient's extended arm by the forearm.

The pulsation of the femoral artery is determined by the pulp of the nail phalanges of the second to fourth fingers below the pupart ligament 2-3 cm outward from the midline.

The study of the pulse on the popliteal artery is best done with the patient in the supine or prone position with the patient bent at an angle of 120-140º knee joint; performed with the pulp of the nail phalanges of the second or fourth fingers, installed in the middle of the knee fossa.

Examination of the pulse on the dorsal artery of the foot - is performed by the pulp of the nail phalanges of the second to fourth fingers on the dorsum of the foot between the first and second metatarsal bones, less often - lateral to this area or directly on the bend of the ankle joint.

The pulsation of the posterior tibial artery is determined by the pulp of the nail phalanges of the second to fourth fingers in the gap between the posterior edge of the medial malleolus and the inner edge of the Achilles tendon.

It is customary to evaluate the properties of the pulse only on radial artery.

Technique for probing the pulse on the radial artery:

The radial artery is located under the skin between the styloid process of the radius and the tendon of the internal radial muscle. The thumb is placed on the back of the forearm, and the remaining fingers are placed on the passage of the radial artery. You can not strongly squeeze the patient's hand, since the pulse wave will not be felt in the pinched artery. You should not feel the pulse with one finger, because. it is more difficult to find the artery and determine the nature of the pulse.

If the artery does not immediately fall under the fingers, they need to be moved along the radius and across the forearm, since the artery can pass outwards or closer to the middle of the forearm. In some cases, the main branch of the radial artery passes from the outside of the radius.

The study of the pulse begins with the simultaneous probing of it on both hands. If there is no difference in the properties of the pulse, they proceed to the study of the pulse on one arm. If there is a difference in the properties of the pulse, then it is studied in turn on each hand.

It is necessary to evaluate the following characteristics of the pulse:

1) the presence of a pulse;

2) the sameness and simultaneity of pulse waves on both radial arteries;

3) pulse rhythm;

4) pulse rate in 1 minute;

6) filling the pulse;

7) the value of the pulse;

8) speed (shape) of the pulse;

9) the uniformity of the pulse;

10) correspondence of the number of pulse waves to the number of heartbeats per unit of time (in 1 minute);

11) elasticity of the vascular wall.

The presence of a pulse.

Normally, pulse shocks are palpable on both radial arteries.

The absence of a pulse in both upper limbs occurs with Takayasu's disease (aortoarteritis obliterans).

The absence of a pulse on the artery of one of the limbs occurs with obliterating atherosclerosis, thrombosis or embolism of the artery proximal to the artery with no pulsation.

The sameness and simultaneity of pulsewaves on both radial arteries.

Normally, pulse shocks are the same and appear simultaneously on both radial arteries.

The pulse on the left radial artery may be smaller (pulsus differens) - observed in patients with severe mitral stenosis or aneurysm of the aortic arch (Popov-Saveliev symptom).

Pulse rhythm.

Normally, pulse shocks follow at regular intervals (correct rhythm, pulsus regularis).

1. Arrhythmic pulse (pulsus inaecqualis) - a pulse in which the intervals between pulse waves are not the same. It may be due to dysfunction of the heart:

a) excitability (extrasystole, atrial fibrillation);

b) conduction (atrioventricular block II degree);

c) automatism (sinus arrhythmia).

2. Alternating pulse (pulsus alternans)) - a rhythmic pulse, in which the pulse waves are uneven: large and small pulse waves alternate. Such a pulse occurs in diseases accompanied by a significant weakening of the contractile function of the left ventricular myocardium (myocardial infarction, cardiosclerosis, myocarditis).

3. Paradoxical pulse (pulsus panadoxus) - a pulse when the pulse waves in the inspiratory phase decrease or disappear altogether, and are clearly palpated in the expiratory phase. This symptom occurs with constrictive and exudative pericarditis.

Pulse rate in 1 minute.

The number of pulse shocks is counted in 15 or 30 s and the result is multiplied by 4 or 2, respectively. With a rare pulse, it is necessary to count at least 1 minute (sometimes 2 minutes). In healthy adults, the pulse rate ranges from 60 to 90 per minute.

Frequent pulse (pulsus frequens) - a pulse whose frequency is more than 90 per minute (tachycardia).

Rare pulse (pulsusrarus) - a pulse whose frequency is less than 60 per minute (bradycardia).

Pulse tension.

Pulse tension is the tension of the arterial wall, which corresponds to the strength of its resistance when pressed with fingers until the pulse waves stop. The intensity of the pulse is due to the tone of the arterial wall and the lateral pressure of the blood wave (i.e. blood pressure). To determine the voltage of the pulse, the 3rd finger gradually presses on the artery until the 2nd finger ceases to feel the pulsating blood flow. Normal pulse of good tension.

Intense (hard) pulse (pulsus durus) - occurs with increased systolic blood pressure, sclerotic thickening of the artery wall, aortic insufficiency.

A soft pulse (pulsusmollis) is a symptom of low systolic blood pressure.

Pulse filling.

Pulse filling is the amount (volume) of blood that forms a pulse wave. By pressing on the radial artery with different force, they get a feeling of the volume of its filling. Healthy people have a good filling pulse.

Full pulse (pulsus plenus) is a symptom of conditions accompanied by an increase in the stroke volume of the left ventricle and an increase in the mass of circulating blood.

Empty pulse (pulsus vacuus) is a symptom of conditions accompanied by a decrease in stroke volume, a decrease in the amount of circulating blood (acute heart failure, acute vascular insufficiency, acute post-hemorrhagic anemia).

Pulse value.

The pulse value is the amplitude of the oscillations of the arterial wall during the passage of a blood wave. The value of the pulse is determined on the basis of an assessment of its filling and tension. A large pulse is characterized by good tension and filling, a small pulse is a soft and empty pulse. Healthy people have an adequate heart rate.

Large pulse (pulsus magnus) - occurs in conditions accompanied by an increase in the stroke volume of the heart in combination with normal or reduced arterial tone (pulse pressure is increased).

Small pulse (pulsusparvus) - occurs in conditions accompanied by an increase in the stroke volume of the heart or normal stroke volume in combination with an increase in arterial tone (pulse pressure is reduced).

The speed (shape) of the pulse.

The speed (shape) of the pulse is determined by the rate of contraction and relaxation of the radial artery. Normally, the shape of the pulse is characterized by a smooth and steep rise and the same descent (normal pulse shape).

Fast or jumping pulse (pulsus celer at attus) - a pulse with a rapid rise and fall of the pulse wave, occurs with insufficiency of the aortic valves and in conditions accompanied by an increased stroke volume of the heart in combination with a normal or reduced arterial tone.

Slow pulse (pulsustardus) - a pulse with a slow rise and fall of the pulse wave, occurs with stenosis of the aortic orifice and in conditions accompanied by arterial hypertension due to increased arterial tone (diastolic blood pressure is increased).

Correspondence of the number of pulse waves to the number of heartbeats per unit of time (per 1 minute).

Normally, the number of pulse waves corresponds to the number of heartbeats per unit time (per 1 minute).

Pulse deficiency (pulsusdeficiens) - the number of pulse waves per unit time is less than the number of heartbeats, characteristic of extrasystole and atrial fibrillation.

Elasticity of the vascular wall.

Two methods are used to assess the condition of the wall of the radial artery.

1. First, with the 2nd or 3rd finger of one hand, the radial artery is pressed down so that its pulsation stops below the place of clamping. Then, with the 2nd or 3rd finger of the other hand, several careful movements are made along the artery distally (below) the place of its clamping and the state of its wall is assessed. The radial artery with an unchanged wall in a state of bleeding is not palpable (elastic).

2. With the second and fourth fingers of the palpating hand, they squeeze the radial artery, and with the 3 (middle) finger, they study the properties of its wall with sliding movements along and across it.

Characteristics of the pulse is normal:

1) pulse waves are clearly palpable;

2) pulse waves on both radial arteries are the same and simultaneous;

3) rhythmic pulse (pulsus regularis);

4) frequency 60-90 per minute;

5) average in voltage, content, size and speed (shape);

The pulse rate is one of the main indicators by which it is possible to draw a conclusion about the level of health and fitness of the body without prior diagnosis. To find out for yourself whether you are at risk, you should look at the table of a person’s normal pulse by year and age.

At its core, the pulse represents slight fluctuations in the vascular walls, which are set in motion by the work of the heart (i.e., rhythmic contractions of the myocardial muscles).

Ideally, the intervals between pulsations are equal, and the average indicators at the moment of rest do not reach the upper limits. In the case when the heart rate (HR) is disturbed, this gives reason to think about problems in the body and the presence of a serious illness.

finger way

It is customary to measure the fluctuations of the heart muscle by the method of palpation according to the beats of the arteries. Basically, they use the beam, which is located on the inside of the wrist. It is at this place that the vessel is better palpable, as it is located as close as possible to the surface of the skin.

• If no rhythm disturbances are detected, then the pulse is measured for half a minute, and the result is multiplied by 2.
• If fluctuations or irregularity are observed, then the beats are counted for one minute.
• To obtain the most accurate indicator, the pulse is measured on both hands at the same time.

In some cases, heartbeats are counted in places where other arteries are located. For example, on the chest, neck, thigh, upper arm. In young children, the pulse is measured mainly on the temporal part, since it is not always possible to feel the blows on the arm.

Hardware Methods

• In addition to the finger method, you can also use special devices, for example, a heart rate monitor (chest, wrist) or an automatic tonometer. Although the latter device is more suitable for determining blood pressure.
• If a person suspects any disturbances in the work of the heart, then the pulse is measured using special methods and medical equipment(ECG or daily (Holter) monitoring).
• In particularly difficult cases, a treadmill test is used. A person's heart rate is measured using an electrocardiograph during exercise. This method helps to see hidden problems at the earliest stages of the disease, as well as to make a prognosis about the condition. of cardio-vascular system in future.

But even the most advanced methods will not be able to give an accurate result if the pulse is measured incorrectly.

So, you can not measure after the following actions:

• a sharp change in body position (get up, lie down);
• physical activity, as well as after sexual intercourse;
• emotional tension, stress;
• psychological experiences, including fear or anxiety;
• reception medicines, alcohol;
• visiting saunas, baths, taking a bath;
• hypothermia.

Table: normal human pulse by year and age

It is customary to distinguish the upper and lower limits of the pulse. If the heart rate exceeds the first indicator, this condition is called tachycardia. It may be short-term and not cause concern, as with intense physical activity or a feeling of fear. Prolonged tachycardia occurs when a person has disorders of the cardiovascular or endocrine systems.

If the pulse is below normal, this is also considered a deviation. This condition is called bradycardia. It can be caused by congenital heart problems, medications, reactions to infectious diseases and even malnutrition. Fortunately, all these conditions are amenable to complete treatment or corrections.

To determine your own indicators of contraction of the heart muscle, you need to use the table below.

What should be the heart rate of a healthy adult?

Heart rate depends on many factors and circumstances: age, level of physical activity, hormonal levels, air temperature around, body position, overwork, pain etc.

At rest

Those numbers that are called the norm are the pulse in a relaxed, calm state. For adults who do not have serious illness, this number is in the range from 60 to 85 beats / min. In exceptional situations, a deviation from the "golden mean" is allowed, which is also considered the norm. For example, athletes or highly trained people may have a heart rate of only 50, while young energetic women will have this figure as high as 90.

Heart rate during training

Because the physical exercises have different degrees of intensity, then calculate normal pulse in an adult during training, it is necessary, taking into account individual characteristics and the type of load.

With little physical activity, the calculation of heart rate will look like this.

1. The maximum heart rate is calculated using the formula 220 minus age (i.e. for a 32-year-old person, this figure is 220 - 32 \u003d 188).
2. The minimum heart rate is half of the previous number (188/2=94)
3. The average rate during exercise is 70% of the maximum heart rate (188 * 0.7 = 132).

With intense or high activity (running, cardio, outdoor group games), the calculation will be slightly different. The upper limit of the pulse is calculated in the same way, but the next two indicators are different.

1. The lower limit is 70% of the maximum rate (132 beats per minute).
2. The average heart rate should not exceed 85% of the upper limit (188*0.85=160).

If we summarize all the calculations, then the normal pulse of a healthy person during adequate physical activity should not go beyond 50-85% of the upper limit of heart rate.

When walking

The average heart rate at a normal pace of movement is 110-120 beats per minute for women, and in the region of 100-105 beats for men. This statement is true for people of the middle age category, that is, from 25 to 50 years old.

However, if the pace is quite mobile (more than 4 km per hour), walking is carried out with weight, on an uneven surface or in the ascent, then the heart rate will increase.

In any case, if during movement a person does not show signs of shortness of breath, dizziness, blurred consciousness, great weakness, ringing in the ears and other unpleasant symptoms, then any pulse, even 140 beats, will be considered normal.

Normal heart rate during sleep

During the rest period, the heart rate of a person can decrease by 8 - 12% of the norm during wakefulness. For this reason, for men, the average heart rate is 60 - 70 beats, and for women - 65 - 75.

It also happens that the heartbeat, on the contrary, rises. This happens when the body is in active sleep. It is during this interval that a person can have dreams and nightmares.

By the way, an emotional experience in a dream can affect the heart. This increases not only the pulse, but also the pressure. If a person is abruptly awakened, then he is likely to feel discomfort. This condition resolves on its own within 1 to 5 minutes.

Normal heart rate during pregnancy

In expectant mothers, the pulse rises slightly. This is due to the fact that the vessels and heart of a pregnant woman distill blood not only for themselves, but also for the fetus. At the same time, the pressure of the baby on the surrounding tissues causes vasospasm, and this also leads to a large load on the heart muscle.

Do not discount the hormonal changes that are inherent in all women during this period. Therefore, the rate of heart rate during gestation is considered to be 100 - 115 beats per minute. Moreover, in late pregnancy, especially before childbirth, even severe tachycardia can be observed, which does not require treatment.

The heart pulse is one of the main clinical indicators that make up complex diagnostics human health. It shows how many shocks and vibrations the walls perform blood vessels during the cardiac cycle. The cardiac cycle is understood as the cumulative sequence of processes that occur in the heart muscle during its contraction and relaxation. The pulse rate in a person is determined not only by age, but also by the degree physical training: A well-trained person needs fewer heartbeats to pump a given volume of blood than a sedentary person.

What pulse is considered normal?

The ideal rate of heart beats per minute, in which the human pulse is measured, is the interval from 60 to 90. If the heart rate (heart rate) is less than 60 beats per minute, and such clinical picture persists for three consecutive measurements with an interval of 3-7 days, the patient is diagnosed with bradycardia. This is one of the pathologies of sinus rhythm, in which the pulse can decrease to 30 beats per minute and below. The patient at the same time experiences constant weakness, drowsiness. His performance decreases, headaches appear, and dizziness often occurs. With a significant slowing of the heart rate (less than 30-35 beats per minute), loss of consciousness and cessation of respiratory function are possible.

Causes of bradycardia can be:
• elevated intracranial pressure;
• atherosclerosis of myocardial vessels (inner muscle layer of the heart);
• taking certain medications, such as quinine derivatives;
• decreased production of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism);
• heavy metal poisoning (lead, mercury, etc.);
• starvation;
• gastrointestinal infections.

In most people, a decrease in heart rate to 40-50 beats per minute is asymptomatic, but in the event of pathological signs (asthenic syndrome, flies before the eyes, pressure in chest), it is necessary to apply for medical care.

If the pulse is over 90 beats

This condition is called tachycardia. Tachycardia may be temporary or take chronic course. Most often, deviations from the norm of the heartbeat are due to attacks of sinus or paroxysmal tachycardia observed in women. The causes may be disorders in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, diseases of the endocrine system and hemodynamic disorders.

If the heart rate is normal in adults is about 70-90 beats per minute, then with any form of tachycardia (including ventricular fibrillation), this figure reaches 100-110 beats. At the same time, the patient's condition worsens, he has shortness of breath, insomnia, dull or stabbing pains in the sternum may occur. With a long course, tachycardia is dangerous to health, as the blood supply to the heart muscle is disturbed and its work worsens. If medical correction is not carried out in a timely manner, the development of coronary disease and heart failure is possible.

Pulse rate by age (table)

The rate of heart rate by age in women and men differs slightly, although in women this figure may be slightly higher due to physiological characteristics (for example, unstable hormonal balance). Below is a table showing the normal pulse of a person by year and age. It can be roughly guided by an independent assessment of the functioning of the cardiovascular system, but only a doctor can accurately analyze possible deviations and identify their nature.

Age-specific heart rate (no load)

Heart rate is measured in beats per minute. The heart rate is calculated as the average of the minimum and maximum values.

In women (features)

The normal heart rate for adult women may be slightly higher than for men in the same age group. This is due to the instability of the hormonal background, which changes every month during menstruation. Significant fluctuations in hormones and associated changes in heart rate can occur during pregnancy and lactation: during this period, the hormones necessary for the maintenance and development of pregnancy and the production of breast milk - prostaglandin, prolactin and progesterone - are intensively synthesized in the woman's body.

An increase in heart rate in female patients can also be associated with gynecological hormone-dependent diseases, for example, endometriosis, endometritis, endometrial hyperplasia, uterine fibroids. With these pathologies, female body the level of estrogen decreases, which leads to a violation of the normal hormonal balance and changes in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels. During menopause (45-50 years), the average heart rate in women is approximately compared with men.

In men (features)

In men, changes in heart rate in most cases occur as a result of a sedentary lifestyle, alcohol abuse, and smoking. Errors in nutrition (increased consumption of salt, spices, fatty foods) can also affect the heart rate, therefore, with significant deviations in heart rate from the norm, the priority is to correct the lifestyle and get rid of bad habits.

The heart rate in men involved in sports is always higher than in women of the same age measured image life, and can reach 100 beats per minute, which is not considered a pathology in the absence of other signs and symptoms.

In children (table)

The baby's pulse at birth is always high and ranges from 100 to 150 beats per minute. The heart during this period is intensively reduced, so these values ​​​​are considered a physiological norm and do not require any treatment.

A higher heart rate may be the result of intrauterine or postpartum hypoxia, so these children need careful observation and examination of narrow specialists: a pulmonologist, a cardiologist, an infectious disease specialist, an endocrinologist. Signs of postpartum hypoxia may be unnatural pallor of the skin, bad dream, lack of sucking and other innate reflexes. By 3-6 months, the child's pulse can approach values ​​of 90-120 beats per minute and remain within these limits until the age of ten.

Pulse in children: normal

In children over 10 years old and adolescents, the pulse rate is the same as in adults, and is 70-90 beats per minute.

The pulse is one of the most important indicators of the functioning of the cardiovascular system. The pulse rate may slow or increase depending on the influence of various factors ( exercise stress, stress, nutrition), but in the absence of pathologies, heart contractions should quickly return to normal.

If this does not happen, you should consult a doctor, since such a clinical picture may be a manifestation of chronic heart failure, coronary artery disease and other heart diseases that increase the risk of myocardial infarction.

How our heart works:

Author of the article: Sergey Vladimirovich, an adherent of reasonable biohacking and an opponent of modern diets and rapid weight loss. I will tell you how a man aged 50+ to remain fashionable, handsome and healthy, how to feel 30 at his fifty. about the author.