Instructions for use of BCG-m. Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG) (Vaccinum tuberculosis (BCG)) How BCG can help

BCG M is a lightweight version of the BCG anti-tuberculosis vaccine. It is used as a replacement for the usual one, in unusual situations when vaccination may harm the baby’s health. Let us consider in more detail when the BCG M vaccine is used and how it differs from the standard vaccination.

Explanation: BCG and BCG M - a Russified version of the Latin abbreviation BCG, named after the developers of the vaccine bacillus Gelmette-Guerin - bacillus Calmette-Guerin. M - modified drug.

Composition and release

Composition of the vaccine: Active ingredient: anti-tuberculosis vaccine - live microbial bodies of the bovine tuberculosis bacillus BCG-1.

Additionally included - 0.9 percentage solution sodium chloride.

Release: vacuum ampoules with dry anthophyllite (powder, tablets) - 0.5 milligrams (twenty doses), dissolving liquid - 2 milliliters.
Pack: five sets.
Shelf life: one year.
Storage conditions: at a temperature of five to eight degrees Celsius.

Properties and purpose

The lightweight vaccine contains live mycobacteria, which, when they enter the child’s body, multiply, allowing him to be immunized against tuberculosis.

Prescribed as a gentle anti-tuberculosis vaccination.

Instructions for use

Administration technique: The vaccine is administered inside the skin, in no case under the skin or intramuscularly, at the attachment point of the deltoid muscle of the left shoulder. Before this, you need to treat the skin with 70% alcohol.

Dose: 0.025 milligrams active substance, dissolved in 0.1 milliliter of sodium chloride.

The vaccine is prepared before use, in a container protected from sun rays, in a diluted state, is stored for one hour, at a temperature of two to eight degrees Celsius.

Reaction: A small nodule-papule appears at the injection site, healing for quite a long time (up to three months), then a scar remains there, which is used to determine whether the vaccine was given or not.

Application

A light form of vaccination is used in the following situations:

in premature babies;

low birth weight newborns;
when there is a Rh conflict with the mother;
there are minor neurological disorders in the baby;
after discharge home;
in a favorable situation with tuberculosis spread.

Instructions for use require:

Children under two months old who were not vaccinated in the maternity hospital are vaccinated in clinics or other medical clinics without undergoing diagnostic procedures.
Children over two months old must undergo a Mantoux test before vaccination. Vaccination is carried out no earlier than three days and no later than two weeks, after diagnosis, with a negative tuberculin test.

Contraindications

The contraindications for the BCG and BCG M vaccines are not very different, but there is still a difference.

As for the modified vaccine, it cannot be used for:

the child weighs less than two kilograms;
the presence of an acute form of an infectious disease;
exacerbation of chronic diseases;
immunodeficiency;
HIV-infected mother;
allergic reactions to vaccine components;
presence of a relative who has had a generalized BCG infection;
the presence of a severe form of neurological diseases;
detection of various neoplasms;
therapeutic actions that weaken the immune system.

Unlike BCG, BCG M can be used later, after eliminating some contraindications.

For example:

after the baby gains weight (two kilograms or more);
when the child recovers after infectious diseases(a month later);
when not acute form chronic disease, which does not affect the child’s immunity;
possible at 18 months, with an HIV-infected mother, if the child himself does not have HIV;
if therapeutic actions that reduce immunity are stopped and the child is healthy (after six months).

Complications

Administration of the vaccine in a lighter form can also cause complications. Your child may exhibit the following symptoms:

temperature increase;
signs of a cold, such as cough, runny nose;
decreased activity, manifestation of weakness.

It is necessary to immediately consult a doctor. So, these may be the first signs of complications.

Reaction, causing complications after BCG m (light vaccine), and the reaction after a regular vaccination are similar, they manifest themselves in the form of:

Cold abscess;
Formations of lymphadenitis;
Keloid scar;
Lesions of the skeletal system;
BCG infections.

Cold abscess

Parents, having heard about complications, often refuse vaccination, thus exposing their child to the risk of contracting a fatal disease.

Adults just need to know that complications occur very rarely and only with violations:

the vaccination was given to a child with contraindications;
the baby has a severely reduced immune system;
the technique of administering the vaccine is violated.

Therefore, it is so important that parents insist on diagnostic actions in relation to the child and choose qualified specialists for vaccination. And also, we followed all preventive actions during the post-vaccination period.

comparison table

Let’s summarize how BCG differs from BCG M.

Manufacturers of tuberculosis vaccines

Currently, there are about forty manufacturers of tuberculosis vaccines. IN Russian Federation and CIS countries, as a rule, use domestic and Danish production.

According to WHO, the best are:

BCG vaccine produced by Microgen, Russian Federation.
BCG M produced by Microgen, Russian Federation.
BCG SSI made in Denmark.
Inoculum Merrier - France.
Lyophilized glutamate - Japan.

What is the composition of the BCG anti-tuberculosis vaccine, instructions for use and contraindications.

In the Soviet Union, back in 1962, a decree on universal vaccination against tuberculosis was adopted. Vaccination is performed with the BCG or BCG-M vaccine for all newborns who do not have developmental pathologies or infectious diseases. In order to avoid any complaints about the vaccine, the instructions must be strictly followed.

The vaccine is live mycobacterium tuberculosis strain BCG-1 in monosodium glutamate. Their reproduction in the body leads to tuberculosis immunity.

Available in sealed vacuum ampoules in the form of:

porous mass;
powdery mass;
tablets.

The color of the substance is white, sometimes with a creamy tint. It is used for vaccination of newborns and revaccination of children aged 7 and 14 years.

Available in sealed ampoules of various sizes:

The ampoule volume is 0.5 mg, contains 10 doses.
The ampoule volume is 1 mg, contains 20 doses.

The ampoules come complete with a solvent. When the solution is prepared correctly, a dose of BCG vaccine is 0.05 mg in 1 ml of NaCl (sodium chloride). It is administered to children without pathologies in the first week of life. If the situation with tuberculosis is normal in the area, children are vaccinated with BCG-M. If there are outbreaks of infection, then BCG.

The BCG-M vaccine is called gentle. It contains 0.025 ml dose of BCG. Available in ampoules of 0.5 mg, which corresponds to 20 doses of BCG-M. Complete with 2 ml solvent. It is used to vaccinate all children whose vaccination was delayed in the maternity hospital. The BCG and BCG M vaccines differ only in the number of active components (mycobacteria). In the gentle version there are 2 times less.

The instructions for use require recording the time of preparation of the BCG solution in order to monitor its suitability. Unused BCG solution is destroyed along with the ampoule, taking the necessary precautions. It is enough to put the open ampoule in a disinfectant solution for 1 hour.

Doses and method of administration

The vaccine is prepared before injection. To obtain the required concentration, add 1 ml of solvent to a 10-dose ampoule, and 2 ml to a 20-dose ampoule. A high-quality vaccine dissolves within 1 minute. The required dosage is 0.05 mg per 1 ml. The finished vaccine looks like a white suspension with a gray tint without any inclusions. If insoluble flakes are observed in the ampoule, then the vaccine is unsuitable for vaccination.

The injection is given only subcutaneously, it is carried out in the area with the thickest skin:

shoulder;
hip.

It is customary to give BCG injections to the left side of the child’s body. This then helps to easily find a specific graft scar.

If the baby is not vaccinated in the maternity hospital, then it is given at the clinic at the place of registration. This is done only after the pathologies that caused it to be postponed have been eliminated. In such cases, the vaccination dose is taken less than the standard dose, only BCG-M. It is advisable for the baby to be vaccinated before 2 months. After this period, vaccination is carried out only after the Mantoux test. Babies infected with mycobacteria are not vaccinated.

The procedure must be carried out medical worker, proficient in subcutaneous injection techniques. It is carried out in the morning in a special room after the baby has been examined by a pediatrician. For injection, special disposable syringes with a capacity of 1 ml with short beveled needles for intradermal injections are used. The vaccine is diluted before vaccination.

Then vaccination is carried out according to a clearly established scheme:

Draw up 0.2 ml of solution with a syringe.
The solution along with air is released onto a sterile swab to the 0.1 ml mark.
Treat the injection surface with a sterile swab soaked in 70% ethyl alcohol.
The skin is punctured, the needle should be cut side up.
The vaccine is injected into the skin layer.
A small tubercle is formed, whitish in color. Disappears 20 minutes after injection.

Used syringes, needles, ampoules, cotton swabs after injections are soaked in disinfectant solutions. They are then centrally disposed of.

All that remains is to wait for the baby’s body’s reaction to the drug. The BCG instructions say that a normal reaction to the vaccine in a baby will appear no earlier than a month later.

Contraindications

Not all children are eligible for BCG vaccination; there is a category of children with pathologies in which it is postponed:

premature;
weighing less than 2500 grams;
with skin diseases;
with acute infection;
after difficult childbirth with injuries to the central nervous system.

After eliminating these pathologies, the vaccine can be safely administered.

But there are children for whom BCG is contraindicated:

With immunodeficient parents.
There were cases of severe reaction to BCG in the family.

Such children are not vaccinated.

Revaccination is not carried out:

infected with tuberculosis;
positive Mantoux reaction;
allergic diseases;
oncological diseases;
immunodeficiency.

If the process is carried out correctly using a high-quality vaccine, almost no complications are observed:

A month later, an infiltrate (papule) measuring up to 10 mm appears at the injection site.
Gradually becomes crusty.
After 3 months, and sometimes longer, it scars.
The injection site must not be disinfected or bandaged. Such procedures prevent the formation of immunity.

According to statistics, complications occur in 0.02% of vaccinated children. Most often these are subcutaneous abscesses associated with improper injection. Sometimes increases occur lymph nodes. Colloidal scars may form. They appear against the background of allergic skin reactions.

Storage conditions must be strictly observed; it is their violation that more often than other factors leads to complications after vaccination:

The vaccine is stored in the vaccination cabinet, in the refrigerator. Storage temperature should not exceed 4 °C. Ampoules are also transported in a refrigeration unit.
The finished solution must be protected from daylight and sunlight, so it is placed in a black cylinder.
The solution ready for injection is not stored for long, only an hour at a temperature not exceeding 4 °C.

If post-vaccination complications are observed, it is necessary to inform the manufacturer and the Ministry of Health.

Today, the problem of tuberculosis is acute. It is an infectious bacterial disease that affects the lungs and is scary largely because it is spread through airborne droplets. One infected person with an active open form can infect 10–15 people per year. The disease has already taken many lives.

The well-known BCG vaccination, which we receive in the maternity hospital, helps us develop protective functions and strengthen the body’s reactions when fighting the disease. The name of the vaccine comes from the Latin letters BCG, which in turn means bacillus Calmette–Guerin and is translated as “bacillus Calmette-Guerin.”

The vaccine is given to prevent deadly tuberculosis. The vaccine is administered to children and ensures the development of local tuberculosis, which is not dangerous for general condition body. As a result, antibodies are produced that actively fight the disease.

The vaccine contains Bovis microbacteria, which specialists obtain by growing cells in a nutrient medium for a week. Then it is well filtered, purified, concentrated and turned into a homogeneous mass, which is diluted with clean water. The resulting vaccine contains dead and live bacteria that provide protection against tuberculosis. Thanks to them, the body can cope with the disease much faster and easier and prevent its development into more complex forms.

Types of vaccines and their differences

There are two types of vaccinations:

BCG-m.

The regular BCG vaccine is intended for full-term newborns. BCG-m is intended for vaccination of premature babies and for those newborns who are vaccinated after discharge from the hospital. The only difference between these two vaccines is that BCG-m contains only half the dose of microbacteria that are included in the regular BCG vaccine.

Vaccination schedule. Method and place of administration

In Russia, BCG vaccination is carried out 3 times in the following order:

On the 3rd – 7th day of life of newborns in the maternity hospital.
At the age of 7 years.
At the age of 14 years.

In Russia it is given to all newborn children. It is believed that BCG vaccination is mandatory for all newborns only in those countries where the situation with tuberculosis is most acute. But, if the child’s parents are against it, then you can refuse vaccination. In developed countries, only high-risk newborns are vaccinated.

The first vaccination is usually administered in the maternity hospital, approximately on the third day of the little man’s life, when he is under the close attention of doctors and any negative reaction is monitored and eliminated.

Children 7 and 14 years old are vaccinated selectively. To determine whether a child should be vaccinated, children are given a Mantoux injection into the hand. The reaction is used to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Mantoux results are usually available after 72 hours. Doctors measure the diameter of the papule and only then determine when to vaccinate against tuberculosis. BCG vaccination at 7 and 14 years of age is administered only to those children who have a negative Mantoux test.

The BCG vaccine is administered intradermally to the outer side of the left shoulder. The injection must not be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. If there are contraindications for administering the vaccine into the shoulder, then choose another place where the skin is thickest. Usually this place is the thigh.

What should you do before and after BCG vaccination in order to minimize the risk of complications?

Before vaccination, you should decide what you can and cannot do before and after the administration of the BCG vaccine:

Before administering the vaccine, you should conduct an allergy test to determine the compatibility of the drug with the body and see what kind of reaction occurs to the vaccine.
After vaccination, it is forbidden to wet or lubricate the wound with ointments or antiseptics.
During the period when a crust breaks through, if it forms, and pus flows out, you should not apply an iodine mesh, squeeze out the pus, rinse it off, etc.
Parents should ensure that the child does not scratch the area where the vaccination was given.
During vaccination, a few days before and after, you should not change the child’s diet, because if allergic reaction it will be difficult to determine what caused it - the BCG vaccination or some new product.

Contraindications

There are a number of contraindications in the presence of which vaccination is not given:

The regular BCG vaccine is prohibited, as noted above, for premature babies. Babies born weighing up to 2.5 kg are considered premature.
Another contraindication is immunodeficiency.
Also, you should not get the BCG vaccine if your child has hemolytic disease, intrauterine infections, purulent-septic diseases.
Vaccination is not allowed if there are skin infections, malignant neoplasms, violations nervous system, that is, the child must be healthy.
The child is also not vaccinated if the mother is infected with HIV.
A second vaccination at 7 years of age is not given if the first vaccination was accompanied by serious complications.

It is important to know that on the day of BCG vaccination, the newborn does not receive any other vaccination. This is contraindicated. In the maternity hospital, of course, doctors know about this, but parents also need to know. The BCG vaccine is most compatible with the hepatitis B vaccine, but they also cannot be done on the same day. The difference should be about three days. All other vaccinations are administered only one month after vaccination with the BCG vaccine.

Normal reaction to vaccination

After the BCG vaccination, which is done in the maternity hospital, a round scar with a diameter of about one centimeter is formed. It should be white in color and after just a few months, with proper care, it should disappear, leaving behind a small scar. If a child experiences such a reaction to a vaccine, it is considered normal.

The following sensations and visible processes are also considered normal:

the BCG vaccination turns red or the area around it becomes inflamed;
a slight suppuration or abscess has begun - do not rush to worry, this is a normal reaction;
shoulder itches or itch;
swelling that does not extend beyond the graft and does not spread over the entire shoulder;
in some cases, it is possible to increase body temperature, but when the thermometer shows more than 38 degrees, you should consult a doctor.

All of the above symptoms are normal. They are due to the fact that the vaccination site is healing, and the body wages a natural fight against foreign bodies, which make it stronger.

After vaccination, some newborns have no trace of the vaccine at all - this means that immunity to tuberculosis has not developed and the vaccine was not effective. In such a situation, vaccination is repeated if the Mantoux test is negative, or they wait until the next vaccination at 7 years of age.

According to some data, the body’s reaction to the first BCG vaccination is absent in approximately 5–10% of children. 2% of people generally have congenital resistance to microbacteria, that is, their risk of getting tuberculosis is almost zero. In this category, the trace of BCG vaccinations is also completely absent.

Possible complications and actions of parents if they occur

Complications after BCG can be of a different nature. The most common ones that occur are:

Cold abscess - can develop when the vaccine was administered subcutaneously rather than intradermally. The complication occurs approximately a month and a half after vaccination. Requires surgery.
Extensive ulcer at the vaccine injection site, which is 10 mm in diameter. This means that the child is particularly sensitive to the components of the drug. Held local treatment and the data is entered into the child’s medical record.
Inflammation of the lymph node. It can occur when microbacteria from the skin enter the lymph nodes. The complication requires emergency treatment if the lymph node has increased in diameter by more than 1 cm.
A keloid is a skin reaction to the vaccine itself. A scar is red and swollen skin at the injection site. This indicates that BCG cannot be re-administered, that is, vaccinations are not given at 7 and 14 years of age.
Generalized BCG infection is the most severe complication, which is caused by the presence of severe immune disorders in the child. The disease is rare. Among a million vaccinated people, one gets sick.
Osteitis is bone tuberculosis, which develops only 0.5 - 2 years after administration of the drug. Osteitis shows that in immune system the child suffered serious violations. Complications occur in one child out of two hundred thousand vaccinated.

In the maternity hospital, these complications are practically impossible to identify, since they develop much later. Parents should themselves monitor the reaction to the vaccine and care for the child. With proper care, complications occur quite rarely. Take care of your children.

BCG vaccination. Phthisiatrician Sergei Sterlikov tells

Tuberculosis is a potentially fatal disease that is common in all countries and on all continents to varying degrees. But this problem is especially relevant in the post-Soviet space.

IN last years TB doctors continuously sound the alarm, urging people every year undergo tuberculosis diagnosis.

But it is not adults who are most susceptible to this disease. healthy people, A newborns and children under 4 years of age. It is for this reason that in our country mandatory vaccination against tuberculosis is carried out in the maternity hospital.

What is the BCG-M vaccination?

BZhTS-M - tuberculosis vaccine intended for primary immunization and revaccination of younger people childhood. The name of the vaccine is a complete copy of in English. BCG - abbreviation of the phrase bacillus Calmette-Guerin, which is translated into Russian as bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The letter M is also a tracing paper, the first letter of the word mild, which is translated as weakened.

BCG vaccine and BCG-M: what is the difference? The difference in composition

One dose of the BCG vaccine contains 0.05 mg live mycobacteria bovine tuberculosis (M.bovis). As excipient stabilizer monosodium glutamate is used in an amount 0.3 mg.

The BCG-M vaccine also contains mycobacterium bovine tuberculosis, but, unlike from BCG, in a halved amount: the content of mycobacteria in BCG-M total 0.025 mg per dose for a single dose. Monosodium glutamate is also used as a stabilizer, but in an amount 0.1 mg.

Important! The BCG-M vaccine appeared much later than it was invented and introduced widely medical practice at the beginning of the 20th century BCG, when it became clear that the use of BCG is not possible in all cases and not in all conditions of the vaccinated child, and also in some situations the introduction of such large quantity live bacteria is not necessary.

Indications for instructions and contraindications

How are the two vaccines different? The main purpose of the BCG-M vaccine, like regular BCG, is to protect the baby from tuberculosis infection.

But even a correctly administered BCG-M vaccination and obtaining a sufficient immune response does not provide any guarantee against infection with Koch’s bacillus and other mycobacteria.

It only significantly reduces the likelihood of a child developing such severe and poorly treatable generalized forms of tuberculosis as tuberculous meningitis and disseminated tuberculosis.

The main indications, according to the instructions, for the use of BCG-M instead of BCG are:

prematurity of a newborn baby(in this case, a prerequisite for vaccination is the baby’s body weight is more than 2 kg);
primary immunization not performed for any reason in the first days of life within the walls of the maternity hospital or during the nursing stage (in this case, a preliminary staging of the Mantoux reaction is required);
secondary vaccination of previously vaccinated children aged 7 and 14 years after performing the Mantoux reaction;
the child's tendency to the occurrence of allergic and other immune reactions;
the baby has neurological pathologies, history of seizures, birth trauma;
weakness, immaturity of the newborn;
favorable epidemiological situation in the child’s country of residence.

Important! Despite the fact that the BCG-M vaccine is as gentle as possible, it has contraindications.

In the following situations, BCG-M is strictly contraindicated:

extreme prematurity of the newborn (body weight does not exceed 2 kg);
intrauterine infection;
any acute disease at the time of proposed vaccination;
Moderate or severe blood type or Rh factor conflict(level of bilirubin in blood plasma above 300 units);
severe neurological disorders, intractable seizures;
purulent infections;
reliably diagnosed primary immunodeficiency;
oncological diseases of the organs and hematopoietic system;
recently completed chemotherapy or radiation therapy;
proven active tuberculosis process;
HIV infection in mother(medical withdrawal is given until the child is deregistered at the AIDS center) and HIV infection in the child.

Because of such an impressive list of contraindications, before receiving the BLC-M vaccine, the child is carefully examined by the treating neonatologists or pediatricians to identify all kinds of pathologies.

Decoding the reaction

Most children tolerate BCG-M well or satisfactorily and do not show any unusual reactions. But in some cases, changes occur in the child’s condition and behavior. They usually do not require seeing a doctor, medical intervention and pass within a few hours or days on their own.

Photo 1. The appearance of hyperemia and slight swelling after BCG-M vaccinations usually not a cause for concern.

Most often, there is a slight increase in temperature to subfebrile and febrile numbers ( no higher than 38°C), unexpressed lethargy and apathy, short-term loss of interest in the outside world, drowsiness, lack of appetite. Often and local reactions: slight hyperemia and swelling appear at the injection site.

All of the above reactions are the absolute norm and are not a reason for worry or worry. But in a number of situations, it is still worth being wary and showing the baby to a specialist if the decoding gives rise to concern. Such situations are already called complications.

Complications: Recognize and Take Action

Compared to BCG, BCG-M causes complications much less frequently, but the occurrence of complications cannot be completely excluded. Experts highlight 4 main categories of complications.

To the first category include non-severe and moderate local complications. They represent subcutaneous infiltration, the appearance of purulent abscesses, necrosis and ulceration. In almost 100% of cases, local complications develop due to violation of the vaccine administration technique, violation of the rules of septic and asepsis, and violation of the methods and terms of storage of BCG-M.

The only local complication not related to errors in vaccination is regional enlargement of the lymph nodes. It occurs due to the individual immune reaction of the child.

Photo 2. A purulent abscess at the vaccination site appears due to improper administration of the vaccine.

To the second category include the so-called BCGit. This is an extremely rare complication for healthy child. It represents the dissemination of the tubercle bacilli contained in the vaccine throughout the body and the development of an active tuberculosis process. This type of BCG responds well to antibiotic therapy and always results in complete recovery.

To the third category include BCGitis, which developed in immunocompromised children. In its pathogenesis and symptoms, it is similar to the complication of the second category, but almost always ends in the death of the patient, since even combined anti-tuberculosis therapy in loading doses does not provide a sufficient therapeutic effect.

And to the fourth, the last category includes allergic and immune complications. The most common types are erythema, granuloma, urticaria and epidermal necrolysis.

Important! When the first signs of complications from any category appear, it is imperative to immediately contact your treating pediatrician, and if symptoms rapidly increase and are severe, call an ambulance. Without providing due medical care disability or even death of the patient cannot be ruled out. Self-medication of complications is fraught with deterioration of the patient’s condition.

Where to get vaccinated and how does the price differ in different institutions?

The location of vaccination is not important. BCG-M is performed both in public clinics and in private medical centers. The choice of location is determined by the personal preferences of the parents, their financial capabilities, as well as the requirements for comfort and attentiveness of the staff.

Only experienced nurses who have undergone special training and have the appropriate certificate are allowed to carry out vaccinations, so the quality of services is approximately the same in all medical institutions. However, in order to receive a high-quality and safe service, it is recommended to choose trusted and licensed clinics and vaccination centers.

Collapse

To warn one of the most dangerous diseases humanity - tuberculosis, it is customary to vaccinate all children. If the usual one cannot be done, the doctor cancels it altogether or prescribes BCG-M, instructions for use are attached to the vaccine. In what cases is such a vaccination done, what is it and what is the difference? Usually the doctor gives all the information of interest, but there are exceptions: the parents did not ask or the pediatrician did not consider it necessary to inform them. In any case, the information below will be useful to all young parents. This will make it possible to protect the life of your child and will not allow you to do rash things.

What is BCG-M?

BCG M is a vaccine against tuberculosis, which comes in a lightweight form. In some cases, a regular vaccination can harm a small organism, and this is where BCG-M comes to the rescue. It contains half a dose of the drug. Recommended use for children:

with low body weight;
who have a Rhesus conflict with their mother;
with neurological disorders.

Also, such a vaccine can be administered in countries where tuberculosis is not widespread.

Even this kind of vaccination can only be prescribed by a doctor after a preliminary examination of the baby. It also contains weakened living microorganisms, which, if contraindicated, can harm the child’s body.

Indicated for:

body weight less than 2500 g;
gaining weight to the appropriate figure the day before discharge from the maternity ward;
existing contraindications in the maternity hospital and their disappearance after (the procedure is carried out in a clinic at the place of residence);
charitable epidemiological situation regarding tuberculosis in the country;
availability different groups blood (conflicting) between mother and child;
minor neurological abnormalities.

You can also offer BCG-M if parents are categorically against the regular vaccine. Only a doctor can make such a replacement.

Release form

Available in ampoule. One contains 0.5 mg. Only twenty doses. In addition, the kit includes a solvent – saline solution, each ampoule contains 2 ml. The pack contains 5 sets.

Contraindications

BCG M is not used if there are diseases in the form of:

hemolytic disease (severe and moderate form);
purulent-septic manifestations;
intrauterine infection;
severe damage to the nervous system;
generalized skin lesions;
immunodeficiency;
the presence of a malignant tumor.

Vaccination is not advisable if:

the weight of the newborn is less than 2 kg;
parents or relatives have tuberculosis or have had complications after BCG;
Mom is HIV positive.

If BCG-M is repeated, then the following are contraindications:

acute pathology of any nature;
acute chronic diseases;
presence of allergies at the time of vaccination;
immunodeficiency;
blood diseases;
the presence of any formations;
taking immunomodulating drugs;
positive Mantoux test;
presence of complications in previous vaccination;
the presence of tuberculosis patients among close relatives and people who constantly have contact with the child.

If the listed contraindications are neglected, negative symptoms may occur. Even half a dose of the vaccine can harm the baby, so do not think that BCG-M has no contraindications.

Side effects and complications

BCG vaccination M can cause the same complications as regular BCG, but they appear half as often.

Among them:

Attachment of infection. The body becomes more susceptible to viruses and bacteria, so a cold or any other disease may appear.
Increased body temperature.
Appearance of weakness, inactivity.

If we talk about more serious consequences, these include:

damage to bones and skin;

Such a number of complications is not a reason to refuse vaccination. They usually appear due to incorrect manipulation technique, if the child has a weak immune system and the administration of BCG M with existing contraindications. Everything can be prevented if you choose good clinic and qualified specialists.

Of no small importance is given proper care for vaccination, which the doctor will tell you about after immunization.

Method of administration and dosage of the drug

BCG M, like regular BCG, is injected into the skin. For 0.025 mg, you need 0.1 ml of sodium chloride.

Keep in mind that throughout the entire period of immunity formation (4-6 months), the vaccination area should not be touched.

Cauterization of the wound, peeling off crusts, squeezing out purulent exudate, rubbing with a washcloth and soaping are not allowed. If swelling or signs of suppuration appear, heating and other manipulations are prohibited. All this will lead to a disrupted post-vaccination process.

Interactions of the drug with other drugs

Vaccinations cannot be carried out at the same time. Other preventive vaccinations can be carried out 1 month after immunization with BCG M. An exception is preventive vaccination viral hepatitis B, if this is the first vaccination. If you neglect these rules, then there is a risk of lymphadenitis.

Keep in mind that before revaccination (at 7 and 14 years old), no other vaccination is allowed for a month.

Storage conditions

Should be stored at temperature conditions no more than +8 degrees. If the vaccine is transported, an important condition is storage in a thermal container at an appropriate temperature. In health care settings, the vaccine is usually kept in a refrigerator and taken out as needed.

Revaccination with BCG-M

The BCG vaccine is administered to healthy children for immunization purposes. If there were adverse consequences after it, then revaccination with the BCG-M vaccine is possible. It is also given to those children who live in a country where there is no widespread incidence of tuberculosis.

It is also produced for children who have weakened immune systems.

It should be noted that the post-vaccination period is the same as during the first vaccination. Any thoughtless action by parents can lead to useless manipulation.

Conclusion

The main difference between the BCG vaccine and BCG-M is the dosage. Due to the fact that the vaccine in question contains half a dose of the drug, it is approved for a larger audience of children with minor health problems. Complications after this type of vaccination are minimal, but they also exist. Rash actions of parents, namely immunization without prior examination by a pediatrician and vaccination, despite having absolute contraindications This is a terrible mistake that can have serious consequences. Complications occur as in mild form, and in more severe ones. If any abnormalities occur, you should immediately seek medical help.

If there are absolute contraindications, then no doctor will dare administer even such a gentle vaccine. Remember that complete refusal of immunization is big risk infection with tuberculosis, especially if the area of residence is unfavorable. If the baby is healthy, the relatives have had no complications after BCG and there is no tuberculosis patient nearby, then it is not recommended to refuse such a preventive procedure. This is a big risk that can lead to irreparable consequences.