How to clean water. Purification of tap water. Water purification by freezing

The importance of clean drinking water for human body proven a long time ago, since then various filtration systems have become increasingly in demand. In addition, many people are interested in how to purify water using improvised means. This is especially true in case of insurance, if for some reason special devices do not inspire confidence or have become unusable. And such methods also allow you to significantly save money spent on all kinds of installations and cartridges.

All you need to do is choose a suitable liquid treatment option, or even several, and debug its operating system to cover the needs of the whole family.

Advantages and disadvantages of boiling, settling and freezing

First of all, it is necessary to evaluate the simplest and most accessible methods by which tap water is purified. These are physical options for exposure without the use of any filter, which have both obvious advantages and serious disadvantages:

• Boiling. During exposure to tap water high temperature The liquid is sterilized. The main advantage of the approach is the fact that pathogenic microorganisms die. True, for cleansing to actually occur, the product must be boiled for at least 15 minutes with the lid open. Only then will the harmful components evaporate. It is worth considering that the water becomes “dead”, i.e. useless for the body, and nothing can be done about it. In addition, chlorine does not disappear anywhere, but only changes, turning into an even more dangerous compound for humans.

• Advocacy. Another simple approach, the use of which is convenient only if there are no time restrictions. You need to pour the liquid into the bowl and leave for at least 8 hours. This type of water purification at home allows you to get rid of chlorine and a number of other volatile chemical compounds. True, heavy metals remain in the liquid, although they settle to the bottom. To get rid of them, the water should not be stirred or stirred, and after steeping it must be carefully poured into another container, leaving at least a quarter of the product at the bottom.

• Freezing. Today, water purification by freezing is considered one of the most effective among primitive physical techniques. You need to do the following: pour water into a saucepan or plastic container and put it in the freezer. Next comes the most difficult part - making sure that only half of the liquid freezes. Then we drain the liquid part (all the salts and harmful components remain in it), and melt the frozen part, and it becomes drinkable. It is recommended to drink this product immediately, because... it is considered healing. Therefore, you need to set a schedule for when it is best to freeze water.

Advice: Today, highly chlorinated water flows from the tap, which is considered safe for humans and supposedly can be used in everyday life. In fact, if it is consumed in its “pure” form, you may encounter digestive disorders, allergic reactions, the penetration of worms into the body and, paradoxically, dehydration.

When choosing between boiling, settling and freezing, you need to take into account that you can control the quality of the product only in the latter case, because water rich mineral salts, freezes very slowly. Therefore, the use of this approach in the absence of a high-quality filter is considered by experts to be the most logical solution.

Rules for using cleaning components

A number of chemical compounds can be used as a cleaning filter. Most often, water is purified at home with silicon, table salt, shungite, activated carbon and silver. Methods for preparing drinking liquid in these cases are as follows:

• Use of table salt. For 2 liters of tap water, take a heaped tablespoon of salt and dissolve it. Let the product sit for 20 minutes, after which it can be consumed. With the help of such a unique filter, the liquid can be made free of heavy metal salts and pathogenic microorganisms. Unfortunately, such purification of tap water cannot be used too often, because...

• Cleansing with pharmaceutical silicon. It is best to purchase the product at the pharmacy, so as not to encounter additional problems later. First, the ingredient must be thoroughly rinsed under lukewarm running water. Then we place it in a container with water at the rate of 3 g of stone per 1 liter of liquid. The container with silicon should be covered with gauze and put in a bright place, but away from direct sunlight. This filter will purify water in about 2-3 days. To get the maximum benefit from the product, you need to pour it into a new container, leaving at least 3 cm of sediment in the old one.

• Shungite. Another stone with which people are increasingly purifying water. To make tap liquid drinkable, you need to place a stone weighing 100 g in a liter of water and leave it for three days, then drain it, leaving a little product at the bottom. From time to time, such a natural filter needs to be cleaned with a hard sponge or replaced.

• Activated carbon. Natural product not only purifies water, but also eliminates unpleasant odors and absorbs harmful substances that have entered the liquid from the surface of the pipes. You just need to wrap a few tablets of the drug in gauze (1 piece per liter of liquid) and place in water for 8 hours.

• Silver. Its properties are still used today, because the component is much more effective than carbolic acid and bleach. In order to start water purification, you need to place a silver coin or spoon in a container with tap liquid and leave for at least 10 hours.

At home, if you wish, you can make a real filter, but in terms of quality of work it still cannot surpass the described methods or industrial products.

Simple and safe folk remedies

Before you purify water at home using one of folk remedies, you need to take into account that their effectiveness will directly depend on the quality and environmental friendliness of the components used.

• Rowan. Just put a bunch of berries in a container of water and wait a couple of hours. Such a natural filter purifies water no worse than Activated carbon and silver.
• Wine, vinegar. People knew how to purify water with wine thousands of years ago. You just need to take 300 ml of white wine (dry, young) per liter of water, mix and leave for at least 4 hours. In the absence of this ingredient, you can use vinegar. Only you need to take no more than a teaspoon for the same volume.

Experts warn that you should not try to quench your thirst with distilled water. Even though this product does not contain harmful components, there is no benefit from it. But regular consumption of such liquid accelerates the process of removing vitamins and minerals from tissues, which is dangerous for the body. Well, the easiest way is to buy at least a simple jug with a filter that will not take up much space, will not cause trouble, and at the same time will provide your family with clean water. drinking water.

Today, the problem of drinking water quality worries many people around the world. Due to the lack of clean drinking water and regular consumption of poor quality water, more than five hundred million people in the world suffer from various diseases. For megacities, the problem of cleanliness and quality of drinking water is especially pressing.

There are many causes of drinking water contamination. All these reasons are directly or indirectly related to water sources. Often tap water is not of artesian origin, but is taken from accessible open surface sources. Each type of water source has its own characteristic causes which cause water pollution.

Many methods have been invented for the preliminary preparation of drinking water, as well as methods for its purification, which make it possible to obtain high-quality drinking water from almost any source.

Water purification is a special set of measures to remove various contaminants contained in it. Water purification is carried out at special water treatment plants, as well as at home.

Before reaching the end consumer’s tap, water undergoes disinfection (most often with chlorine, less often ultraviolet irradiation units are used) and comprehensive purification at water treatment plants.

Let's look at the most common methods and methods of drinking water purification.

Drinking water purification methods

Common methods of water preparation and purification:
— sedimentation;
— clarification;
— membrane methods;
— chemical reagents for oxidation;
— adsorption;
— deferrization;
- softening;
— desalting;
— air conditioning;
— disinfection;
— removal of organic contaminants;
— dechlorination;
- removal of nitrates.

The main methods of water purification can be divided into:

• mechanical,
• biological,
• chemical,
• physico-chemical,
• disinfection.

Towards mechanical methods relate different kinds filtering or filtering water, straining water, settling water. All these methods are relatively inexpensive and accessible; their main use is to separate various suspensions from water.

Membrane method of drinking water purification consists in passing water through a semi-permeable partition, the openings of which are smaller than the size of the contaminant particles.

At the core biological methods of water purification lies the ability of microorganisms to decompose organic compounds. These methods are usually used to neutralize organic compounds dissolved in water.

By using chemical water treatment methods neutralize various inorganic impurities. Wastewater is usually disinfected, decolorized, and neutralized compounds dissolved in it using chemical reagents.

Physico-chemical methods of water purification used to neutralize colloidal impurities, dissolved compounds, and remove coarse and finely dispersed particles. These methods are highly productive.

Adsorption– one of the physical and chemical methods of water purification. This is the process of the so-called selective absorption by solid absorbers having a large specific surface area of ​​one or more components from a liquid medium. Various artificial or natural porous materials are used as adsorbents: active clays, peat, ash, coke breeze, silica gel, activated carbons, etc.

For final purification and disinfection of water, the following are mainly used:

• Ultrafiltration;
• Chlorination;
• Ultraviolet radiation;
• Ozonation;
• Reagent-free methods of deferrization.

is the process of removing various mechanical and chemical impurities from water. Cleaning using this method is based on chemical and physical composition water, which is determined by special tests. Chemical substances, dissolved in water in quantities exceeding established standards, are precipitated using special processes, after which the water is driven through filters of varying degrees of filtration, which retain certain impurities.

Softening is the process of extracting hardness salts (calcium and magnesium) from water. Selective removal of hardness salts is carried out by several methods: reagent softening, ion exchange, in which the ions of the contaminated solution exchange places with the ions of the ion-exchange material, which uses various ion-exchange resins. Water softening reduces the risk of deposits of poorly soluble compounds on walls and leading elements industrial equipment. Reverse osmosis installations at enterprises allow for deep water purification with maximum quality in most respects.

Chlorination does not allow water to be purified properly and contributes to the formation of impurities harmful to the human body. On the one hand, chlorinated water protects us from a number of dangerous viruses and pathogenic bacteria, on the other hand, chlorine destroys the protein structures of our body, affects the condition of the mucous membranes, kills beneficial bacteria in the intestines, which contributes to the deterioration of microflora and can provoke the appearance allergic reactions. In addition, chlorine does not kill pinworm eggs and Giardia cysts.

In the USA and Europe in the 1970s, economical and effective methods using ultraviolet light were developed, which allowed to a greater extent stop chlorinating drinking water.

UV cleaning- the most popular method of water purification. The degree of water disinfection during ultraviolet treatment reaches 99%. This allows the method to be used in the food industry and in production that has particularly high requirements for water purity. The effectiveness of this method directly depends on the characteristics of the water - its transparency - turbidity, color, iron content. Therefore, this method is usually used in combination with other methods at the final stage of processing.

Water purification using ozonation based on the use of ozone gas. In the process of interaction with harmful chemical elements, ozone turns into oxygen. It has been proven that ozonation has a strong positive influence on the human body. Ozonation has an advantage over treating water with chlorine because it does not produce toxins.

Deferrization is the process of removing iron from water. Several types of water deferrization are used, choosing them depending on what kind of iron is contained in the water being treated: divalent, trivalent, organic or bacterial. Reagent-free deferrization methods are used to eliminate excess iron, nitrates and other contaminants in water, which give water an unpleasant taste, smell, color and rust. Often manganese is also removed from the water, a process called demanganization.

Nowadays, the level of pollution is quite high, so the process of purifying drinking water is very important. To select the most suitable and effective way purification of drinking water should be analyzed.

Water purification methods

There are many ways to purify drinking water at home. Let's look at the most popular ones.

I.Purification of drinking water without the use of filters.

Methods such as boiling, freezing or settling have been used since ancient times.

1. Boiling.

Boiling water is the simplest and most famous way to purify water. Boiling is used to destroy viruses, bacteria, microorganisms and other organics, remove chlorine and other low-temperature gases (radon, ammonia, etc.). The boiling process helps to purify the water to some extent, but has a number of side effects:

- when boiling, the structure of water changes, it becomes “dead”. The more we boil water, the more pathogenic organisms die in it, but at the same time the water becomes less useful for the human body.

— when boiling, water evaporates, which leads to an increase in the concentration of salts. They settle on the walls of the kettle in the form of scale and enter the human body. Accumulating in the human body, salts lead to various diseases- ranging from joint diseases, the formation of kidney stones and liver fossilization (cirrhosis), and ending with arteriosclerosis, heart attack and much more. etc.

- Many types of viruses can survive boiling water, since higher temperatures are required to destroy them.

- Boiling water removes only chlorine gas. IN laboratory research It was confirmed that after boiling tap water, additional chloroform is formed, even if the water was freed of chloroform by purging with an inert gas before boiling. This hazardous carcinogenic substance can cause cancer.

Thus, after boiling, we get “dead” water, which contains fine suspension and mechanical particles, salts of heavy metals, chlorine and organochlorines, viruses, etc.

2. Advocacy.

Sedimentation is mainly used to remove chlorine from water. To settle, tap water is poured into a large bucket or jar and left for 8-12 hours. Without additional mixing of the water, removal of chlorine gas occurs from approximately 1/3 of the depth from the surface of the water, therefore, to obtain a noticeable effect, it is necessary to follow the developed settling methods.

It is important to remember that heavy metal salts will not disappear from settled water on their own - in best case scenario they will settle to the bottom. Therefore, you should use only 2/3 of the contents of the jar, trying not to shake it while pouring water, so that the sediment at the bottom does not mix with more or less purified water.

The efficiency of water settling usually leaves much to be desired. To enhance the effect, water is also infused with silicon and/or shungite. After settling, the water is usually boiled.

3. Freezing or freezing.

This method is used for effective water purification using its recrystallization. Freezing is much more effective than boiling and distillation, since phenol, chlorophenols and light organochlorines are distilled along with water vapor.

Most people understand the following actions by the freezing process:

1. pour water into the bowl and place it in the refrigerator until frozen
2. Remove the ice container from the refrigerator and defrost it for drinking.

The effect of water purification in this way is close to zero, although the water obtained is slightly better than tap water.

Proper freezing is based on a chemical law, according to which when a liquid freezes, first of all, in the coldest place, the main substance (water) crystallizes, and then in the least cold place everything that was dissolved in the main substance (impurities) solidifies. That is, pure fresh water will freeze faster than water with salt impurities. All liquid substances obey this law. The most important thing is to ensure slow freezing of water, and to do it so that there is more of it in one place of the vessel than in another. (for more details, see the book: “Caution! Tap water! Its chemical pollution and methods of post-treatment at home.”, authors: Skorobogatov G.A., Kalinin A.I. – St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Publishing House, 2003).

Monitor the freezing process, and when the water is half frozen, pour out the unfrozen water (all harmful impurities remain in it), and the frozen water can be melted and used for drinking and cooking.

Thawed (melt) water, drunk immediately after thawing, is extremely useful and healing; it can speed up recovery processes in the body, increase efficiency, and alleviate various diseases.

4. Purifying water using table salt. Fill a two-liter container with tap water, then dissolve one full tablespoon of salt in it. After 20-25 minutes, the water will be free of harmful microorganisms and heavy metal salts, however, such water is not recommended for daily use.

5. Water purification using silicon helps clean water from impurities. This method combines water sedimentation and silicon purification. The silicon must first be rinsed well in warm running water. Then put the silicon in a two liter jar, fill it cold water, cover the top with gauze and place in the light away from direct sunlight. After two to three days, the purified water will be ready for use. The size of the silicon stone is selected at the rate of 3-10 grams of silicon per 1-5 liters of water. Carefully pour the purified water into another container, leaving 3-5 centimeters of water with sediment. Then the sediment is poured out, the silicon and the jar are washed and filled with a new portion of water.

6. Water purification using shungite. IN Lately Water purification using shungite is becoming increasingly popular. It is recommended to use large stones for cleaning, then they will less often need to be replaced with new ones. The cleaning algorithm is as follows: For each liter of water, take 100 grams of shungite stone. Water is poured into a container with stones for three days (no more!), after which the water is drained in the same way as when preparing silicon water.
Water infused with shungite has contraindications: a tendency to oncological diseases, thrombosis, increased acidity and the presence of diseases in the acute stage.

7. Water purification with activated carbon. To purify water, you can use activated carbon - it forms the basis of most filters. Coal is an excellent neutralizer of unpleasant odors (for example, old rusty pipes, chlorine). In addition, coal absorbs harmful substances from tap water.
Place activated carbon tablets (at the rate of 1 tablet per 1 liter of water) in gauze, wrap and place in a container with water. In just 8 hours, clean water will be ready.

8. Water purification with silver. Silver can purify water, freeing it from chemical compounds, viruses and pathogenic microorganisms. In terms of antibactericidal effect, silver surpassed carbolic acid and bleach.
Place a silver spoon, coin or other object in a container of water overnight. After 10-12 hours, the purified water will be ready for use. Beneficial features Such water retains for a long time.

9. Others traditional methods water purification:

- water purification with a bunch of rowan - a bunch of rowan should be immersed in water for two to three hours.

- cleaning with willow bark, onion skins, juniper branches and bird cherry leaves - the cleansing process lasts 12 hours.

- cleaning with vinegar, iodine, wine. The substance is placed in water for 2-6 hours at the rate of: 1 teaspoon of vinegar, or 3 drops of 5% iodine, or 300 grams of young dry white wine per 1 liter of water. At the same time, chlorine and some microbes still remain in the water.

II. Purification of drinking water using filters.

To remove harmful impurities from water, various filters are used in industry, public utilities and everyday life. The cleaning technologies used in industrial and household filters may be the same, but the performance of household and industrial filters differs markedly.

Let's consider the classification of filters.

Based on the types of impurities being filtered, filters for purifying water from iron, from mechanical impurities, from organic compounds, etc. are distinguished.

There are filters intended for industrial water and filters used for drinking water. To filter drinking water, filter jugs and faucet filters are usually used, as well as complex multi-component filter systems. They are also distinguished by the degree of purification - the simplest degree of purification, medium degree and highest degree of purification.

Household filters also differ in the installation method: filters installed under the sink, tabletop filters, filters attached to the faucet.

Based on the filtration method, home filters for drinking water purification can be divided into two main types: storage and flow.

Storage filters usually consist of storage capacity for water and filter cartridge for water purification. Most often these are filter jugs (Aquaphor, Brita, Barrier and others). The resource of effective operation of the filter cartridge directly depends on the quality of the water used. Replacement cartridges of this class of filters tend to accumulate contaminants, so they must be promptly replaced with new ones.

Flow filters are used for more thorough water purification. The degree of cleaning directly depends on the task at hand.

If you only need to purify water from odor, taste or chlorine, then you can limit yourself to using a carbon filter. A filter attachment on the faucet, which contains a water-filtering cartridge inside (polypropylene, carbon or ion-exchange resins), does this perfectly.

If the goal is to obtain good drinking water, then it is advisable to use step-by-step flow-through water filtration systems. For this purpose, multi-stage filters of medium purity are used. Depending on the model, such a system is installed under the sink or on the table.

Two-stage filters are designed for mechanical cleaning at the first stage, the second stage of cleaning is carried out using activated carbon. Three-stage filters, in addition to these two stages, have a third stage of purification - ion exchange resin or pressed activated carbon for fine purification, enriched with one or more additives: silver, ion exchange agent, hexametaphosphate crystals, etc.

If you need to obtain high-quality drinking water, then it is advisable to use staged water filtration systems of the highest degree of purification with membrane filtration - reverse osmosis systems, filters with an ultrafiltration membrane, nano-filters.

In the reverse osmosis method, the main filter element is a reverse osmosis membrane, which deeply purifies water from various types of contaminants: heavy metal salts, pesticides, herbicides, nitrates, viruses and bacteria. The membrane constantly cleans itself with part of the filtered water, discharging all debris into the sewer. This increases water consumption. Such purification removes all salts and minerals from the water, and regular use of such water flushes calcium, fluoride and other necessary substances from the body.

Water purification stages commonly used in reverse osmosis filters:

1st stage - a cartridge consisting of twisted or foamed polypropylene, which carries out pre-cleaning from mechanical impurities and suspensions (15-30 microns)

Stage 2 - purification with activated carbon from chlorine and organochlorine compounds, gases.

Stage 3 - fine cleaning from mechanical impurities (1-5 microns) or additional cleaning with compressed activated carbon (CBC-CarbonBlock), increasing the service life of the thin-film membrane.

Stage 4 - purification with a thin-film reverse osmosis membrane (pore size 0.3-1 nanometer)

Stage 5 - carbon post-filter

Sometimes an additional step is used - a purified water mineralizer.

Flow filters with an ultrafiltration membrane also belong to membrane water purification methods. The material for the ultrafiltration membrane is a tubular composite.

Externally, the filtration system is very similar to the reverse osmosis system, however, cleaning by reverse osmosis is carried out more efficiently compared to cleaning with an ultrafiltration membrane. All filtered contaminants remain in the pores of the membrane, gradually clogging it. These filters usually do not change the water hardness.

Filters with an ultrafiltration membrane also have a five-stage water purification system. It includes the following filtration stages:

At the first stage of purification, the water passes through a mechanical preliminary cleaning cartridge. It removes mechanical particles and suspended matter up to 10 microns (microns) in size. The material for it is foamed or twisted polypropylene.

At the second stage of purification, water passes through a cartridge with activated granular carbon. At this stage, the water is purified from chlorine and its compounds, gases, and organic substances. At the same time, the taste of the water improves.

At the third stage of purification, water is passed through a cartridge containing compressed activated carbon. At the same time, mechanical impurities with a diameter of up to 0.5 microns (microns) and organochlorine compounds are additionally removed from the water.

At the fourth stage of purification, water passes through an ultrafiltration membrane having holes with a diameter of 0.1-0.01 microns, made of a tubular composite. The membrane removes almost all impurities dissolved in water, organic pollutants, viruses, bacteria, salts of heavy metals such as mercury, iron, manganese, arsenic. The water then passes through an in-line cartridge made from activated coconut carbon. At this stage, final purification of the water occurs, its taste improves, and odors are removed.

Nanofilters are the latest development of Japanese scientists in the field of nano and biotechnology. This is a flow-through seven-stage complex of high-quality water purification, which allows you to remove all harmful impurities from it and make the water as beneficial as possible for the human body.

At the output, the system produces purified and structured drinking water, whose properties are similar to melt water. At the same time, the system allows you to regulate the pH level.

The quantity of hydrogen ions in water often affects physicochemical characteristics and the biological activity of proteins and nucleic acids, therefore, for the normal functioning of the body, maintaining acid-base balance is a task of exceptional importance. The fourth stage, consisting of bioceramic balls, performs the function of adjusting the pH level of the water to the pH level of human blood.

Anions emitted by tourmaline, which is part of the fifth cartridge, have a positive effect on the immune system, the endocrine system, cleanse blood vessels, and charge the blood plasma.

It is worth noting that a system with nanofilters has a fairly high cost.

Thus to modern man There are many ways to obtain tasty, safe and high-quality water. Manufacturers of filters and water purification systems offer to select and use the most effective ones. The price range and wide assortment allows people with different levels income, choose the right device for yourself, and enjoy the benefits of clean and healthy water.

What methods and methods of water purification do you use?

Write about it in the comments!

Regardless of the method and method of purification you choose, the water you receive as a result of treatment should become the right water. Only then will your body be able to get the maximum benefit from it.

And one more important point: the right water should be available to you wherever you are - at home, at work, on vacation, on the road...

How to make the right water from your water– .

There are a lot of completely reliable household filters for water purification that will solve the problem. These filters for drinking water, which are built into the sink, faucet attachments, filter jugs, installations for pre-purification of water throughout the apartment. But when the filter fails, and the problem needs to be solved at least for a while, we remember simpler ways to purify tap water.

Advocacy

Chlorinated tap water tastes and smells unpleasant. But chlorination is necessary to neutralize microorganisms present in the water. To neutralize microorganisms present in water, it is chlorinated. Drinking chlorinated water is not recommended; chlorine has the ability to accumulate in the body and, during boiling, forms very harmful chemical compounds. The effect of chlorine can be neutralized by settling the water. Simply pour tap water into a large container and leave for 7-8 hours. Impurities of heavy metals and chlorine compounds will evaporate during this time. Important! Use ¾ of the settled water for drinking and food, discard the rest.

ICE FILTER

A simple method of preparing melt water at home is suitable for those who have a spacious freezer. Cold water in plastic bottles you need to place it in the freezer and wait until about half of it is frozen. In the middle of the volume there remains unfrozen water, which is poured out. Ice is thawed and used for drinking. The idea behind this method of water purification is that pure water freezes first, leaving most of the impurities in solution. Even sea ice is mostly composed of fresh water, despite the fact that it forms on the surface of a salty body of water. It is important to know: you can only use water that produces clear ice for food. If the ice looks cloudy, the water from it is saturated with harmful substances. Therefore, doctors recommend only clear, clean ice to defrost and drink. Melt water from it is very beneficial for the skin, so you can actively use it for washing.

Silicon enrichment

Silicon has strong bactericidal properties, in fact it is the best natural water filter, but the question is - where to get it? Silicon can be purchased at some pharmacies or ordered from an online store. Its cost is not high - 230−250 rubles for 150 g. In addition, silicon also has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal properties, helps improve metabolism, and has a beneficial effect on the functioning of organs gastrointestinal tract, preventing the occurrence of pathologies, promotes the rapid removal of waste, toxins, carcinogens and other harmful substances from the body. Before using silicon for the first time, you must rinse it thoroughly with running water, then add water and leave for 2-3 days. You need to drink in small portions, at least 2-3 glasses per day. Periodically (once a week) the crystals must be washed to remove any deposits that have formed.

Activated carbon cleansing

Activated carbon is included in household bulk filters for water purification. This is an effective water purifier, after which tap water tastes and smells better. since coal absorbs almost all harmful substances found in tap water. To purify water using activated carbon, you need to place a homemade filter on a container of water in the form of a fabric or gauze bag filled with activated carbon - powder, granular or in tablets (the tablets must first be crushed). True, such an improvised filter cannot be used for a long time; it requires replacement after a few days.

Cleansing with silver

The ions contained in silver actively purify water. Silver has bactericidal properties, so you can pour water into a large glass container, place a silver object (with 999 purity) inside and let the water sit for 8-10 hours. The only thing is that it is not recommended to drink only such water as silver - silver toxins can accumulate, creating an excess of silver in the body, which can lead to metabolic disorders.

Photo: seasons. agency / Jalag / Wrage, Götz, fotoimedia/Ingram.

Types of cleaning methods

Conventionally, all methods of water purification can be divided into the following groups:

1. Cleansing using traditional methods.
2. Purification by boiling, settling, freezing.
3. Filtration using cleaning materials.

Let's look at each of them in detail. Let's outline the pros and cons.

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Secondly, after boiling, the chlorine in the water does not disappear at all, but is modified into an even more dangerous compound for human health. The concentration of salts in boiled water increases, as evidenced by the presence of a white precipitate. And the water itself becomes useless, empty. This is why many people cannot drink boiled water.

Freezing

The most advantageous method of water purification compared to boiling is freezing. Fill the container with water, do not fill it to the brim (water expands when frozen), leave some empty space in the container. Place it in the freezer. Watch how the water freezes. When it turns 2/3 into ice, take out your container. Only clean water freezes first. Drain the liquid that has not had time to freeze; it is in it that all the harmful impurities and salts have settled. Feel free to defrost the frozen piece and drink the resulting water. This liquid cannot be stored for a long time; it is better to consume it immediately. If you have a freezer at home, you can organize the process of freezing and thawing water by setting a schedule. And your family and friends will always be provided with clean drinking water. This method has received the approval of doctors.

Advocacy

A fairly effective, but time-consuming method. So, collect water from the tap into a container. There is no need to cover it with a lid. Leave the vessel for at least 8 hours, or overnight. In this case, the water should not be shaken or stirred. Harmful impurities will settle to the bottom, and the chlorine will evaporate. Then drain the water, leaving about a quarter in the container. We remember that metals and salts did not go anywhere, they just settled to the bottom.

b"> Cleaning components

1. Salt. A method of water purification accessible to everyone. For 2 liters of liquid, take 2 tablespoons of table salt and dissolve them in water. Leave the resulting solution for 20 minutes. Salt will make our water free of heavy metals and harmful microorganisms.
2. Activated carbon. Another budget method obtaining clean water. Activated carbon is an excellent absorbent; it perfectly, like a sponge, absorbs all harmful impurities and unpleasant odors. Wrap 5 tablets of activated carbon in gauze and place it at the bottom of a container of water. The coal will start to work. After 5-6 hours, remove the gauze from the container and safely drink the resulting water. This method can be used not only at home, but also in camping conditions.
3. Silver. Our ancestors also noticed that those people who consumed food from silver cutlery got sick less often. As before, not everyone can afford to buy a table set made of pure silver today. This is quite an expensive purchase. But anyone can purify water with silver. Silver not only disinfects water, but also has a beneficial effect on human immunity and metabolic processes in the body. Place any silver item in a container of water. It could be jewelry, a spoon, manufacturers have now even begun to produce special ionizers made of silver (it can be made in the form of a fish on a chain, for example). After 2-3 days, the water becomes completely ionized.
4. Shungite. This is a natural mineral that is capable of conditioning water, making it drinkable from tap water. First, wash the stone thoroughly, then fill it with two liters of water. Leave for 3 days. Pour the resulting water into clean vessel, and wash the shungite itself with a hard sponge. Periodically the stone will need to be replaced with a new one.
5. Pharmacy silicon. Like shungite, first we thoroughly wash the silicon under warm running water. Then we place the pebble in a container of water, let it be a three-liter jar. Cover the neck with gauze and place the vessel in a bright place, but not under straight lines. Sun rays. After 3 days, we drain our water into a clean container, also leaving 3 cm of water at the bottom.

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Let's say a few words about distilled water. Experts say that regularly quenching thirst with such water is dangerous for humans. Yes, such water does not contain harmful impurities and pathogens, it tastes similar to bottled water from the store, but it is capable of removing vitamins and minerals from our tissues. Therefore, it is better to use distilled water for its intended purpose: in medicine, cosmetology, and for technical purposes.

If none of the above methods suits you, we recommend purchasing a simple jug with a replaceable cartridge. It does not require installation (like stationary filters), does not take up much space (will fit even in the smallest kitchen), and copes with its function perfectly. All you have to do is change the replacement cartridge on time. And this replacement must be made at least once every 3-4 weeks. Otherwise, the cartridge itself will turn into a source of danger for the whole family. It will absorb a huge amount of harmful impurities accumulated over a month of work. And the water passing through it will be dirtier and more dangerous than tap water.

It just so happens that tap water is often the only source of water for a modern city dweller. At the same time, such water in our country almost never meets the quality criteria, either for drinking or for cooking.

Not everyone can afford special filters, devices, and their components. What can be done in this case, how to purify water at home yourself?

Homemade water purification methods

These methods are simple and do not require any costs, or these costs are insignificant. The most famous of them are boiling, freezing, settling, as well as cleansing with activated carbon, silver, and shungite.

Boiling

The main advantage of boiling is the guaranteed total destruction of bacteria. When boiled, these disintegrate chemical elements, like chlorine, ammonia, radon and some other heavy compounds.

Boiled water is safe for consumption. A certain cleaning method by boiling exists, but has its disadvantages:

Firstly, this is a change in the structure of water. Boiling “deadens” water, since in this process, along with the destruction of harmful substances, oxygen is removed.

Secondly, in the process of evaporating some of the water, the concentration of salts in the remaining liquid increases. Salts in the form of scale and limescale are deposited on the walls of the dishes. Particles of this sediment fall into our stomach every day.

It is not difficult to imagine the consequences of such processes: these include kidney stones, arthrosis, and liver dysfunction.

Important! Several years ago, scientists proved that during the boiling process one unsafe substance is formed - chloroform. It is a derivative of ordinary chlorine and, when ingested for a long time, promotes the formation of cancer cells. Conclusion - the boiling method should not be the main and only method of water purification.

Freezing

The essence of the method is to filter the liquid by crystallizing it. Freezing gives the best cleaning results. But in order to get truly purified water, it is not enough to simply freeze and defrost it. To achieve high-quality cleaning, you need to ensure that the freezing process occurs smoothly.

After freezing, you need to remove the frozen water located in the middle of the container; it is this that should not be consumed. When a liquid freezes, the main component crystallizes in the coldest place. That is, only clean water freezes first, and if it is separated from impurities and heavy metals, the purification is a success.

You can remove frozen liquid from the middle like this:

• take out and place the central part under warm water, leaving it like this until a thawed patch forms in the center. After all, it is there that all the heavy metals and pollution that are undesirable for us will accumulate.
• The ice that remains is the most valuable. This will be the most purified water.

Advocacy

This method is based on the fact that heavy metals will settle and the upper layers of water will become cleaner.

Most often, settling is used to remove chlorine from tap water.

The method is suitable if nothing else can be done. The water should stand for at least 2-3 hours and not be stirred.

After settling, the percentage of chlorine in the upper third of the tank will decrease significantly.

But settling does not in any way solve the problem of cleaning from dirt, bacteria, and pathogens. Therefore, after settling, the water still cannot be consumed without boiling.

Water purification with activated carbon

Activated carbon is part of many coagulants (lat. coagulatio coagulation), so we can assume that this method really works. Activated carbon is able to cope with unpleasant and specific odors, if any, and also, like a sorbent, it will “pull out” all harmful impurities from the liquid.

The cleaning process is as follows:

• Five tablets of activated carbon are tightly wrapped in gauze and placed at the bottom of a container of water.
• Cleaning time is five to six hours. Next, activated carbon begins to act.
• After this, the water can be safely consumed. The method is simply irreplaceable in extreme conditions: on a hike, during military operations, and even on a desert island.

Silver

No less interesting is the method of purifying water with silver, which came to the world from Ancient India. The ancient inhabitants noticed amazing properties silver and copper dishes, the effect of water was especially strong if the contents of the vessel were exposed to the sun. Water that has received a charge of silver ions is not only completely disinfected, but also improves metabolic processes and has a beneficial effect on the immune system.

“Silver water” has long won many adherents of this method around the world. Hundreds of scientific treatises have been written on the topic of water positively charged with silver ions. The whole “salt” is this: water enters chemical reaction with silver molecules, enriching it with positively charged ions.

Important! A concentration of 20-40 mcg makes silver water healthy and safe to drink.

For external use - masks, lotions, cleaning dishes - doctors recommend a concentrate - 10,000 mcg, which in its effect can be compared to a powerful antiseptic.

Carefully! It is absolutely forbidden to drink such a solution - this will lead to poisoning. Like everything useful, silver water has a downside, so the main thing is not to overdo it.

To purify water using homemade silver, simply immerse a silver spoon, bracelet or other silver jewelry in a decanter.

Water interacts with silver for 2-3 days and only after that it becomes ionized. With such an ionization period, there is no risk of obtaining a concentrate - this would require much more time.

Water purification with shungite

Another method that has gained wide popularity recently is water purification with shungite.

Shungite is a natural mineral. The uniqueness of the stone is explained by the rare form of carbon molecules called fullerenes. Shungite is used to condition water. When interacting with a liquid, the globular carbon of shungite shares its miraculous qualities with it. Possessing bipolar properties, it is able to mix with components of living and inanimate nature.

Shungite water is prepared as follows:

• Rinse the shungite thoroughly.
• Pour at the rate of 150 g per 2-3 liters of water.
• Infusion for 3 days.
• Can be used for bathing, drinking, cooking.

“Water” and “life” are related and complementary concepts. No water - no life.

The human body consists of two-thirds water and everyone, on average, drinks neither more nor less throughout life - about 75 tons of water. That is why it is very important to monitor the purity of this vital product.

How to purify water at home is up to you. The main thing is to make the right choice and enjoy the taste - after all, there is nothing more amazing than real clean water.