Presentation on biology - general overview of the human body. Biology presentation on the topic “General overview of the human body” free download

Organism- this is a certain complex or system that reacts as a whole to various changes in the external environment.

1. Integumentary system

Integumentary system – consists of the skin and mucous membranes lining the cavities of the internal organs, respiratory tract, and digestive tract. The function of this system is to protect the body from mechanical damage, drying out, temperature fluctuations, and penetration of pathogenic bacteria.

2. Musculoskeletal system

Musculoskeletal system consists of a skeleton and muscles attached to it. It allows a person to stand, move, perform complex work, protects internal organs from damage.

3. Digestive system

Digestive system consists of the digestive tract (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines) and digestive glands: salivary glands, glands of the stomach and intestines, pancreas, liver. Functions digestive system– food digestion and absorption nutrients into the blood.

4. Circulatory system

Circulatory system consists of heart and blood vessels. This system supplies the organs of our body with nutrients and oxygen, removes carbon dioxide and other unnecessary waste products from them, and performs a protective function by participating in the immune system.

5. Lymphatic system

Lymphatic system educated lymph nodes And lymphatic vessels. Takes part in the formation of immunity and maintaining the constancy of the internal environment of the body.

6. Respiratory system

System organs breathing consists of the respiratory tract (nasal cavity, nasopharynx, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi) and the respiratory part - the lungs. Function respiratory system ensuring gas exchange between the external environment and the body.

7. Excretory system

Excretory system formed by the kidneys, which produce urine containing harmful products metabolism, and urinary organs - ureters, bladder and the urethra.

8. Reproductive system

Reproductive system consists of the gonads, internal and external genitalia. The function of the reproductive system is to ensure the process of childbirth.

9. Nervous system

Nervous system consists of the head and spinal cord and the nerves and nerve ganglia extending from them. It regulates the functioning of organs, ensures their coordinated activity and adaptation to environmental conditions. Through the senses it communicates with environment. Thanks to nervous system a person’s mental activity is carried out and his behavior is determined.

10. Endocrine system

Similar functions are performed by endocrine system , formed by glands internal secretion such as the pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands and some other glands. They release hormones.

Department of Education and Science of the Bryansk Region, State Budgetary Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Surazh Pedagogical College named after A.S. Pushkin" Open lesson on age-related anatomy, physiology and hygiene Lesson topic: General overview of the human skeleton. for 2nd year students, specialty 050146 Teaching in primary classes Prepared by Teacher of Chemistry, Biology Vityugova Natalya Nikolaevna Surazh, 2013 To draw a full cup of Labor, happiness, pleasure, The key to our life is movement! V.V. Rosenblatt TOPIC: General overview of the human skeleton?

• structural features of the human skeleton;
• structure and functions of the human skeleton: head, torso, upper and lower limbs.

The human skeleton consists of bones (there are more than 200 of them) and their joints. In addition to the main functions (support, protection, movement), the bones of the skeleton are involved in mineral metabolism, and also contain red Bone marrow- hematopoietic organ

Diagram of the structure of the human skeleton Skeleton of the head (skull) The skeleton of the head (skull) has a cavity in which the brain is located. In addition, there are cavities of the mouth, nose and receptacles for the organs of vision and hearing. Usually isolated cerebral And facial sections of the skull. In humans, the brain region predominates. All bones of the skull, with the exception of the lower jaw, are connected seams Skeleton of the torso The rib cage is formed thoracic vertebrae, twelve pairs of ribs and the chest bone - the sternum Spine The spine consists of 33-34 vertebrae and five sections: cervical - 7 vertebrae, thoracic - 12, lumbar - 5, sacral - 5; coccygeal - 4-5 vertebrae Spine The spinal column of a newborn is almost straight, and when further development curves of the spine are formed. The spine has two forward bends - lordosis (cervical and lumbar) and two backward bends - kyphosis (thoracic and sacral) Sternum and ribs Skeleton of the upper limb girdle

Skeleton upper limbs consists of the shoulder girdle and the skeleton of the free upper limbs. The shoulder girdle consists of a pair of clavicles and shoulder blades

Skeleton of the free upper limb

The upper limb (arm) is made up of humerus, bones of the forearm and bones of the hand (bones of the wrist, metacarpus and phalanges of the fingers)

Hand bones

• The joints of the hand are significantly different in the variety of movements and mobility, which is associated with the transformation of the forelimb in the process of evolution into an organ of labor

• 1. The spine has curves.
• 2. The chest is expanded to the sides.
• 3. The pelvic girdle is wide and has the shape of a bowl.
• 4. The massive bones of the lower extremities are thicker and stronger than the bones of the arms.
• 5. The foot is arched.
B) Changes related to work activity:
• 1. Thumb hands opposed to the rest
• 2. The cerebral part of the skull predominates over the facial part.

• Fill out the table “Human Skeleton”

• Kurepina M.M., Vokken G.G. Human anatomy (atlas), - M.: Education, 2010.
• Nazarova E.N., Zhilov Yu.D. “Age-related anatomy and physiology”, Academy, M. - 2010.

Slide presentation

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Slide text: Sciences that study the human body and the conditions for maintaining its health Anatomy Cytology Human ecology Genetics Hygiene Embryology Anthropology Psychology Physiology

Slide text: The cell is an elementary living system, the main structural and functional unit organism, capable of self-renewal, self-regulation and self-reproduction Biosynthesis Metabolism Reproduction Excretion Irritability Nutrition Respiration Growth

Slide text: Chemical substances in the cell Organic Mineral Proteins Fats Carbohydrates DNA, RNA Water Miner. salt

Slide text: Comparison of plant and animal cells

Slide text: 1. There are levels of organization of living matter: Molecular Cellular Tissue Organic Organismic Population-species Biogenetic Biosphere

Slide text: 2. There are 4 types of tissues: Epithelial (single-layer, stratified, glandular epithelium) Connective (bone, cartilage, fibrous, fat, blood and lymph) Muscular (smooth, striated skeletal, striated cardiac) Nervous

Slide text: 3. Organs and organ systems are formed from tissues Integumentary Musculoskeletal Circulatory Respiratory Digestive Reproductive Excretory Nervous Endocrine

Slide text: 4. The position of man in the classification of the animal world

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Slide text: 5. Man is a biosocial being

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Slide text: 1. Formulate the functions of organ systems: Integumentary Musculoskeletal Circulatory Respiratory Digestive Nervous Reproductive Endocrine Excretory

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Slide text: 2. Highlight general signs and differences between humans and animals General Various Parts of the body and skeleton Vertical position of the body Structure nervous system S - shaped curvature of the spine Organ systems The brain region predominates in the skull Functions of organ systems Arched shape of the foot

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Slide text: 3. Prove the need theoretical knowledge to maintain health

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Slide text: Ancient Greek physician and naturalist, one of the founders of ancient medicine. He collected in his books the available information about the structure of the human body. Proclaimed the principle: the doctor is obliged not to harm the patient. Hippocrates (460-377 BC)

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Slide text: He even tried to systematize living beings, creating a hierarchical ladder of life. He was especially interested in the differences between living and inanimate nature, as well as the kinship between plants and animals. Formally, Aristotle did not leave a classification of animals. Aristotle explained the expediency of the structure and life of organisms. For my scientific activity Aristotle was accused of “atheism” in the same way as the Greek philosopher Socrates (469-399 BC), who had previously been sentenced to death. All of the above gives us the right to rightfully call Aristotle “the father of modern natural science” and consider him the world’s first biologist, although about twenty-three centuries have passed since his death. Aristotle Stagirite (384-322 BC)

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Slide text: Galen Claudius (130 – 200 BC) Roman physician, the last of the famous students of Aristotle’s school. The scientist quite correctly and accurately described the functions of individual organs, the nervous system, blood circulation, digestive tract, Airways, methods of preventing and treating diseases; published his own theory about the characteristics of the pulse. Doctors used Galen's works on the functions of nerves until the 18th century. In his description of the activity of the nervous system, Galen included the idea that its source is the brain and spinal column, and not the heart, as representatives of the Aristotelian school argued. However, there were many erroneous things in Galen’s works and views, which was explained by his poor knowledge of anatomy and physiology.

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Slide text: 1. Give facts proving that a person belongs to: a chordate type; to the vertebrate subphylum; to the class of mammals; to the order of primates; to the family of hominids (humans); to the human race; looks like a reasonable person.

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Slide text: 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2. List the numbers that indicate organs chest cavity. Name the organs abdominal cavity and the numbers indicating them. List the main organ systems and the organs that belong to them. Using the numbers in the figure, fill out the following table in your notebook: Respiratory. Food system. system ... Larynx (5) Trachea (7) Lungs (8)

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Slide text: 3 1 2 4 5 6 3. Look at the electron microscopic diagram of the cell structure in the figure, find its parts and organelles. Fill out the table in your notebook: Cell organelles (with corresponding numbers) Functions of organelles

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Slide text: 4. Name the processes that ensure the life of a cell. Think about what processes make up the metabolism in a cell. Fill out the table in your notebook, giving answers to the questions in the right column. Metabolism in the cell Questions Answers Where do organic nutrients enter the cell? What happens to these substances during biosynthesis? Are all nutrients used in its processes? Why do some nutrients break down and oxidize to inorganic? What is the released energy spent on?

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Slide text: 5. Look at the picture for the different types of epithelial tissue. Indicate the location of the listed types of epithelium in the body and their functions. * Based on what characteristics are these tissues classified as epithelial?

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Slide text: 6. Look at the picture different kinds connective tissue. Indicate where in the body these types of connective tissue are located and what functions they perform. * Answer the question: what is common in the structure of all types of connective tissue?

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Slide text: Here we offer testing in the Test program

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Slide text: Human anatomy (gr. anatomy - dissection) is the science of the structure, shape of the human body and its organs.

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Slide text: Human physiology (gr. physis - nature + gr. logos - teaching) is the science of life processes and the mechanisms of their regulation in cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and the whole organism.

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Slide text: Psychology (gr. psycho - soul + gr. logos - teaching) is a science that studies the processes and patterns of mental activity.

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Slide text: Human hygiene is the science of creating conditions favorable for maintaining human health, the proper organization of work and rest, and the prevention of diseases.

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Slide text: Genetics (gr. genesis - origin) is a science that studies the mechanisms of the laws of heredity and variability of organisms, methods of controlling these processes.

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Slide text: Cytology (gr. kitos - vessel) is a science that studies the structure, chemical composition, functions, individual development and the evolution of living cells.

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Slide text: Human ecology (gr. oikos - house, dwelling + gr. logos - science) is a complex science that studies the relationship of man and humanity as a whole with the natural and social environment.

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Slide text: Anthropology (gr. anthropos - man + gr. logos - doctrine) is a science that studies the origin and evolution of man as a special sociobiological species.

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Slide text: Human embryology (gr. embryo - embryo + gr. logos - teaching) is a science that studies the intrauterine development of the human body.

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Slide text: Levels of life organization are the functional place of a biological structure of a certain degree of complexity in the overall “system of systems.”

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Slide text: An organ system is a collection of several organs involved in performing the same functions.

Results and conclusions Result of the experiment: Students hold their breath for different times, therefore, the sensitivity to the lack of oxygen is not the same. Most participants in the experiment had a reddened face and noticeable throbbing carotid arteries. Conclusion: changes in the functions of the respiratory system lead to changes in functions circulatory system. Consequently, there is a connection between organs and organ systems.

Internal environment of the body The interaction of all subsystems of the body is aimed mainly at maintaining the constancy of the internal environment of the body, the basis of which is blood. For the normal functioning of all organs, a certain amount of circulating blood and a constant level of blood pressure. Our body is a self-regulating system.

Patterns in the structure and location of organs human body 1. The length of the palm is equal to the length of the face (from the chin to the beginning of the hairline), i.e. You can cover your face with your palm. 2. The length of the forearm is equal to the length of the foot, and the length of the foot is equal to the circumference of the fist (you can determine whether the sock fits if you wrap its footprint around the hand clenched into a fist).

3. The distance between the hands of the arms spread to the side is equal to the sum of the lengths of both legs (you can determine whether the trousers are the right length by stretching them with the arms spread). 4. The length of the nose is approximately equal to the length of the ear, and the width of the ear is half its length. Patterns in the structure and location of organs of the human body

Lesson conclusions An organism is a biological system that responds as a whole to various changes in the external environment. Human body consists of cells, cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, and they form the body as a whole. Nervous and humoral mechanisms ensure self-regulation of the physiological functions of the body.

An organ is a part of the body that has a certain shape, structure, and performs a certain function. Functions are reactions of the body aimed at satisfying the needs that arise in it, protecting against the harmful effects of the environment and adapting to it. There is a close relationship between the structure and functions of organs. Lesson conclusions