Features of the development and treatment of diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy. Breast mastopathy Nodular form of the disease

1. The drugs that you listed are all drugs of the same group (gestagens). And they are absolutely not contraindicated for mastopathy, even if relatives had malignant tumors. Caution requires the use of estradiol, and gestagens, on the contrary, are indicated for mastopathy.

"diffuse mastopathy" is a disease in which normal breast tissue is replaced either connective tissue(fibrosis), either cysts, or has a mixed character. Fibroadenoma - benign tumor consisting of glandular and connective tissue. Diseases of the mammary glands require consultation and observation of a mammologist. The periodic frequency depends on the form of mastopathy and an X-ray or ultrasound examination of the mammary glands. Based on the results of these studies, appropriate therapy is prescribed and such patients are monitored.

1. It is necessary to confirm the diagnosis using ultrasound and then do ultrasound every six months for control.
2. If nothing bothers you, you don’t have to take anything. Have a beneficial effect on mastopathy birth control pills, if you do not plan to become pregnant in the coming months, you can consult a doctor and choose one. If there are complaints, treatment is needed.

For 3 months I treated endometriosis with Nemestran. After a course of treatment, I had the following problem: before menstruation, my breasts hurt and swell, the lower part of the breast is tight and hurts a little when pressed. The gynecologist said that this was mastopathy that developed due to taking Nemestran. I heard that mastopathy can go away on its own, especially since the “blow” to hormones lasted only 3 months. Is this really true? Or is it better to contact a mammologist? If yes, is there a mammologist at your institute? Or maybe you can recommend me some treatment? Just not hormonal.

Mastopathy occurs due to various reasons, so you need to be examined by a mammologist, have an ultrasound and X-ray of the mammary glands. Mastodinon is often used among homeopathic and phytotherapeutic remedies.

Eremenko Maxim AlexandrovichKotsubanov Konstantin ViktorovichMandrika Kristina MikhailovnaClinic "Good Forecast"

About the disease

Mastopathy- This is a pathological change in the tissue of the mammary glands. This term actually has a collective meaning and if translated literally, it sounds like breast disease. This pathology due to the variety of symptoms and manifestations of these symptoms, it is quite common in women. About 70% of women, sooner or later, when visiting a doctor, this diagnosis can be established.

Classification of mastopathy

What should a woman do after hearing this diagnosis? Firstly, it is necessary to clearly understand the form of mastopathy, and depending on the form of mastopathy, treatment can be completely different. If we talk about the classification of mastopathy, then all forms are usually divided into:

1. Diffuse mastopathy characterized by painful sensations, heaviness in the mammary glands in women, especially in the premenstrual period, with the onset of which the pain quickly changes its intensity. Clinically, this form of mastopathy manifests itself in the form of severe pain on palpation of the mammary gland, especially in the outer quadrants. Often painful sensations occur in both mammary glands. Palpation also reveals a fairly pronounced glandular component; sometimes the lobules of the mammary gland are contoured quite clearly. An ultrasound examination reveals a clearly visible glandular pattern with clearly defined interlobular spaces, which is determined by the etiology of this process.
2. Fibrocystic mastopathy is also often accompanied by pain in the mammary glands, however, in addition to this, patients, even during self-examination, can detect glands in the tissue round formations with clear, even contours, often painful. Ultrasound, in addition to the previously described changes in the gland tissue, visualizes single or multiple anechoic formations surrounded by a hyperechoic capsule.
3. Nodular mastopathy may be accompanied by the same symptoms as previous forms of the disease, but in some cases the disease may be asymptomatic. Sometimes the nodular form of mastopathy is detected accidentally during ultrasound and aspiration biopsy. Characteristic feature Ultrasound of the mammary glands reveals the presence in the tissue of a hyperechoic node with unclear contours, echographically similar to the picture of breast cancer. Differential diagnosis in this case, a biopsy is used nodular formation.

Mastopathy. Causes

Hormones are responsible for the development and growth of the mammary glands - estrogens, prolactin, progesterone, growth hormone, the ratio of which determines the possible risk of developing mastopathy.

The main cause of lumps in the mammary gland is hormonal imbalance.

Causes of mastopathy:

• increased levels of estrogen in the blood
• genetic predisposition
• gynecological diseases
• reproductive dysfunction: complete absence pregnancy and childbirth throughout life
• termination of pregnancy, followed by a sharp hormonal decline and complete hormonal changes
• refusal breastfeeding or short lactation period
• irregularities in work endocrine system(thyroid disease, diabetes)
• chest injuries
• psychological factors: chronic stress, overwork, nervous tension, depression
• chronic diseases liver
• late onset of menopause
• previously puberty
• iodine deficiency in the body
• bad habits
• overweight
• tumors of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Mastopathy. Signs and symptoms

The first signs of mastopathy- This painful sensations in the mammary glands before the onset of menstruation. Pain occurs due to stagnation of blood in the veins and swelling of the surrounding tissues. After the end of menstruation, the pain disappears. Most women do not attach any importance to this. However, over time, the pain becomes constant, increasing before the next period, radiating to the arm, shoulder or armpit area.

As the disease progresses, other symptoms of mastopathy (8):

• stupid and aching pain in the mammary glands
• sensations of heaviness and fullness in the mammary glands
• nipple discharge
• the appearance of compactions and hardenings in the mammary gland
• cracked nipples, retraction of the skin or nipple
• appearance of nodes
• enlarged axillary lymph nodes

Diagnosis of mastopathy

Early mastopathy diagnosis is important in the sense that it is also a prevention of breast cancer.

Diagnosis begins with a clinical examination. The doctor examines the patient, asks about the nature of menstruation, the number of births and abortions, the presence genetic predisposition, other risk factors, clarifies complaints and causes of mastopathy. Using palpation, the doctor examines the condition of the breasts and nipples, checks for the presence of nodules and lumps, and the condition of the lymph nodes.

To diagnose fibrocystic disease, the following are used:

Mammography- X-ray examination, which allows you to identify diseases on early stage. Mammography is a non-invasive method, but very informative. Mammography is performed in two projections and determines the size, shape and number of cystic formations.

Ultrasound diagnosis of mastopathy makes it possible to examine the mammary glands in detail, helps to determine the nature of the pathology revealed by palpation or mammography, and also to distinguish a malignant tumor from other neoplasms.

Pneumocystography– a method for examining the mammary gland if cystic formations are suspected. A safe and painless procedure, with high information content, allows you to examine even the smallest tumors.

Biopsy breast tissue with further cytological examination is carried out to study the cellular structure and determine the nature of the neoplasm (malignant or not). Discharge from the nipples is also sent for examination.

Hormone tests for mastopathy, where the level of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, estradiol, testosterone is determined. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe additional examinations.

Advantages of diagnostics at the Good Forecast clinic

1. Complete examination in one to two days.
2. Determination of treatment tactics at a multidisciplinary council consisting of an oncologist, radiation therapist, and chemotherapist.
3. All types surgical treatment to the required extent.
4. Possibility of undergoing radiation and chemotherapy in comfortable conditions.
5. Friendliness and support of medical staff.

– pathological fibrocystic changes in breast tissue, characterized by the appearance of dense, often painful, fine-grained formations. Concerned about engorgement, soreness of the gland, more pronounced before menstruation, serous, sometimes bloody issues from the nipple. Has a tendency to relapse and is a cancer risk factor. Diagnosis of mastopathy requires mammography, ultrasound of the mammary glands, and, if necessary, diaphanoscopy, MRI of the mammary glands, pneumocystography, and puncture biopsy. Treatment of mastopathy is carried out using conservative methods. If there is a risk of malignancy of nodular mastopathy, surgical removal node.

General information

– a concept that combines a group of diseases of the mammary glands, characterized by the development of pathological changes in the gland tissue with a violation of the ratio of epithelial and connective tissue components. According to the WHO nosological classification of 1984, mastopathy is understood as fibrocystic disease of the mammary glands. The incidence of mastopathy of various etiologies in young women ranges from 30-45% and increases noticeably after 40-45 years.

Mastopathy is a benign change in gland tissue that is directly dependent on neurohumoral regulation. This means that the factors for the development of mastopathy are both pathologies associated with disturbances in the state of nervous regulation (stress, neuroses, depression), and a disorder of hormonal balance and internal homeostasis of the body.

Reasons for the development of mastopathy

There is currently no complete understanding of the causes and mechanisms of development of mastopathy, but there is every reason to assert that hormonal status plays a significant role in the occurrence of this disease. Factors contributing to the development of mastopathy: early menopause, menstrual irregularities (hormonal dysfunctions, polycystic ovary syndrome, improper use of hormonal contraceptives), prolonged absence of childbirth, numerous (more than three) abortions, irregular sex life (or lack thereof), diseases of the genital organs , lactation less than three months, endocrine pathologies(hypo- and hyperthyroidism, dysfunction of hypothalamic and pituitary regulation, functioning of the adrenal glands, liver, pancreas), hereditary predisposition.

There is an assumption that the most significant pathogenetic factor in the development of mastopathy is progesterone deficiency with an excess of estrogen. In this case, there is an increase in proliferation (reproduction) of epithelial cells and connective tissue cellular elements. In addition, the production of prolactin plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of mastopathy. Prolactinemia increases the sensitivity of breast tissue to estrogen.

Classification of mastopathy

Most common in clinical practice the classification of mastopathy distinguishes three forms: mastalgia (mastoplasia or mastodynia), diffuse fibroadenomatosis and localized fibroadenomatosis. Mastalgia is characterized by a predominance of severe pain and is an indication for the prescription of analgesics.

Diffuse adenomatosis is the development of diffuse compactions and cysts in the gland tissue. It is divided into two types: fibrous mastopathy, when connective tissue seals are predominantly formed in the gland tissue, and fibrocystic mastopathy, when in the gland, in addition to foci of fibrosis, cysts (cavities filled with liquid) are formed in the gland.

With localized fibroadenomatosis, pathological changes are detected in a limited area of ​​the gland (segment, quadrant) and do not spread throughout the parenchyma of the organ. Detection of a localized formation in the mammary gland is an indication for a biopsy to exclude malignant tumor.

Symptoms of mastopathy

Most characteristic symptom mastopathy – detection of a lump in the mammary gland upon palpation. Often this lump can be painful, the pain usually intensifies in the second phase menstrual cycle and immediately before menstruation. The compaction may be single, several nodules may be detected, and the entire gland may feel compacted. Mastopathy is characterized by damage to both glands, mainly their upper parts.

The predominance of the fibrous component is detected by touch as a compaction; cystic changes in the first stages may not be detected at all by palpation (duct microcysts). Pain in the mammary glands, as a rule, is dull, aching or pulling. Its occurrence is associated with compression nerve endings in glandular tissue with fibrous growths, as well as their partial sclerosis. The intensity of the pain syndrome depends on the severity of the pathology; most often, the occurrence and intensification of pain is associated with the menstrual cycle (before menstruation, at the peak of estrogen production, the pain intensifies). Sometimes there is irradiation of pain into the shoulder blade or arm.

In 10-15% of women, there are no complaints of pain, although upon examination pathological changes of a significant degree are detected. This is associated with different levels pain sensitivity in women and individual branching nervous system mammary glands. About 10% of mastopathy is accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes in the armpits. Sometimes palpation of the lymph nodes is moderately painful.

An increase in the volume of the mammary gland, their periodic engorgement (in the second period of the menstrual cycle) is associated with the formation of venous stagnation in the vascular network of the glands and swelling of the connective tissue. The glands can increase by 15%. This is characterized by a feeling of discomfort and pain during palpation (increased breast sensitivity). The combination of these symptoms is called premenstrual syndrome.

You also need to be careful about detecting a node (or several). Palpation of a dense, limited nodular formation may be a sign of localized nodular mastopathy, or it may turn out to be developing breast cancer. When nodes in the mammary gland that are suspicious from the point of view of malignancy are identified, a biopsy is always prescribed.

Diagnosis of mastopathy

One of the most significant elements of timely detection of pathologies and neoplasms in the mammary glands is self-examination (self-palpation of the mammary glands). To identify formations, determine their shape, size, quantity, as well as to identify diffuse pathological changes in the gland tissue, instrumental diagnostic methods are used.

Biocontrast mammography is an X-ray examination of the mammary glands. Mammography is optimally performed in the first phase of the menstrual cycle. A chest photograph is taken in two projections: frontal and lateral. This study is one of the most informative and specific.

In addition, breast ultrasound is currently used. As a rule, fibrocystic changes in glandular tissue affect the echogenicity of its structures and can be identified and studied quite qualitatively using this technique.

MRI of the breast marks areas of increased and decreased temperature of the gland tissue. The diaphanoscopy technique involves transilluminating the mammary gland using a light source. In this case, the neoplasm in its thickness will be noted as more dark spot. Using ductography, the system of the milk ducts is examined. A contrast agent is injected into the mammary gland through the nipple, after which an x-ray is taken. The image visualizes the ductal system; areas of deficient filling with contrast agent may be signs of neoplasms. Pneumocystography is performed under ultrasound control. Air is injected into the cyst cavity using a thin needle, which allows the walls to be straightened and carefully examined for wall formations.

When a nodular formation is detected, a breast biopsy is performed - a tissue sample is extracted using puncture with a thin needle for histological examination. To identify etiological factors mastopathy uses methods to study hormonal status. Colposcopy and cytological examination of vaginal epithelial cells allows us to draw a conclusion about the total hormonal background, since the shape and structure of the cells directly depend on the action of sex hormones.

They directly determine the content of hormones in the blood: progesterone and estrogens, follicle-stimulating, luteinizing hormones, as well as thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenal hormones. Sometimes a test is performed for the presence of autoantibodies to thyroid cells to identify autoimmune thyroiditis. These specialists jointly perform a thorough analysis of the endocrine system and prescribe medications appropriate to the identified pathologies.

In cases of severe estrogenism (and significant pain), medications that reduce the effect of these hormones on the mammary gland (tamoxifen, toremifene citrate) may be prescribed. To normalize the menstrual cycle, oral contraceptives are used (chosen according to hormonal status). For treatment functional disorders The thyroid gland uses drugs that regulate the production of thyroid hormones. Vitamin complexes help improve liver function and normalize metabolic processes.

Among other things, topical progesterone preparations are used (act directly on the gland tissue, helping to reduce the proliferation of connective tissue and epithelial cells, relieving swelling), and homeopathic remedies. Patients suffering from mastopathy are advised to limit the consumption of coffee and strong tea, stop smoking, and enrich their diet with fruits, vegetables, and foods high in fiber and vitamins. If a malignant tumor is suspected, surgical removal of the node is performed; in other cases, conservative treatment is limited.

As a rule, mastopathy is not prone to complications and malignancy. With proper correction of the hormonal state, the prognosis is positive, but hormonal imbalances can provoke relapses.

Prevention of mastopathy

Many factors contributing to the development of mastopathy make it difficult to develop a unified and consistent prevention scheme. However, you should avoid the most significant factors: stressful situations (as preventive measure It is recommended to take medicinal sedatives of natural origin - valerian, motherwort - for stress), creating a psychologically comfortable environment, a positive way of thinking.

Proper balanced nutrition without excess calories, prevention excess weight and obesity, however, without indulging in mono-diets and dubious methods of losing weight, they help maintain internal homeostasis and the proper functioning of the neurohumoral regulatory system. One of the dietary components that negatively affects the hormonal status of women is caffeine. Women should limit and, if possible, completely eliminate caffeine from their diet and in no case abuse strong coffee on an empty stomach.

Older women using oral contraceptives should stop smoking. Limiting the consumption of alcoholic beverages will also be useful in terms of preventing breast pathologies. A significant factor in maintaining a woman’s health is regular sex life and physical activity.

To date, there are no treatment standards for patients with FCD (fibrocystic disease). Most doctors rely on their own experience when caring for such patients.

When identifying signs of FCD and excluding a malignant tumor, the doctor’s tactics consist of dynamic observation and the use of drugs that reduce the severity clinical symptoms.

Thus, drug treatment in most cases is rather symptomatic.

In the presence of clinical signs FCB patients are most often prescribed:

• diet;
• non-hormonal agents: drugs plant origin, vitamins;
• main hormonal agents: natural or synthetic histagenes.

• coffee;
• cocoa;
• chocolate;
• cola

Vitamins

Most often, vitamins A, E, C and group B are prescribed to correct disorders in mastopathy.

Herbal remedies

Herbal preparations used in the treatment of mastopathy for a long time. The most common are preparations made from prudnyak. In Russia it is combination drug"Mastodinon".

Attention! There is no need to self-medicate! All necessary treatment must be prescribed by the doctor to each patient individually.

Treatment of nodular forms of mastopathy is only surgical.

When treating breast cysts, the tactics are chosen by the doctor individually depending on the clinic and the results of the puncture biopsy. It can be either surgical or medical.

The prognosis for the treatment of mastopathy is favorable. The main thing is to see a doctor in time and make the correct diagnosis.

Be healthy!

Olga SEMISAZHENOVA, oncologist-mammologist

Cystic mastopathy is a disease characterized by excessive growth of connective tissue of the mammary gland with subsequent formation of cysts. The disease, which occurs against the background of hormonal imbalance, is most often diagnosed in women aged 30 to 45 years. is a benign formation, however, untimely treatment of cystic mastopathy can lead to the development dangerous disease- breast cancer.

General information

Growth and development mammary glands regulated by hormones - progesterone, prolactin and estrogens. With excess production of hormones and hormonal imbalance, cystic mastopathy develops.

Cystic mastopathy (fibrocystic) is accompanied by benign changes in breast tissue, is characterized by the proliferation of connective tissue and a decrease in the epithelial component.

One or more cysts form in the breast - tumors filled with liquid contents. The formations have clear boundaries and are separated from the glandular tissue of the breast by connective tissue. Unlike a cancerous tumor, a cyst is mobile and has a smooth, clear contour.

Varieties

The disease manifests itself as local or general damage to breast tissue, depending on this it is classified into several forms:

• diffuse - small neoplasms are found in all parts of the breast;
• nodular - on one side a node is palpable, which is a cyst;
• mixed.

Cystic mastopathy also occurs:

• multiple (two-sided) - several;
• solitary (one-sided) - a single benign formation in one of the glands.

Based on the severity of symptoms, cystic mastopathy is classified into mild, moderate and severe.

Causes

The main cause of the disease is hormonal imbalance, in which there is a lack of progesterone, excess production of estrogens, prolactin and prostaglandins. On hormonal background Women, in turn, are influenced by a combination of various factors - heredity, nutrition, environmental conditions, diseases of internal organs.

The main causes of hormonal imbalance and the development of cystic mastopathy include:

• impaired reproductive function (cystic mastopathy is often diagnosed in women suffering from infertility);
• menstrual irregularities, early puberty, late menopause;
• ovarian dysfunction caused by irregular sex life;
• frequent abortions;
• first pregnancy over 40 years of age;
• refusal to breastfeed after childbirth or a short period of lactation;
• chest injuries, wearing uncomfortable, tight underwear;
• endocrine pathologies (hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, tumors of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland);
• liver and kidney diseases (accompanied by impaired hormone production and insufficient removal of fluid from the body, which leads to the development of mastopathy);
• metabolic disorders, obesity;
• long-term diseases of the reproductive system (endometritis, adnexal cyst, salpingoophoritis, fibroids);
• genetic predisposition (diseases in women on the maternal side).

The development of the disease also contributes to:

• nervous disorders, stress;
• chronic fatigue, lack of sleep;
• Not proper nutrition, following a strict diet;
• bad habits.

The main symptom of cystic mastopathy is the presence of one or more nodular lumps in the breast. The neoplasm has a round shape and clear boundaries and remains mobile. But the formation cannot always be felt by palpation - a cyst localized in the deep tissues of the mammary gland can only be identified instrumental methods diagnostics

The following signs may indicate the development of cystic mastopathy.

1. Dull, aching or sharp pain(can spread to the shoulders, armpits), a feeling of heaviness and discomfort in the mammary gland. The pain may occur several days before the start of menstruation, or it may be a constant concern. When touched or pressed, the pain intensifies.
2. Edema is an enlargement of one or two glands.
3. Periodic itching in the nipple area.
4. Light, dark or purulent (the nature of the discharge depends on the severity of the pathological process, and the appearance of brown or bloody impurities indicates the development of a malignant tumor).
5. Enlarged axillary lymph nodes.

The disease can manifest itself with only 1-2 or all symptoms at the same time. In addition, a woman may experience a psycho-emotional disorder (nervousness, irritability, tearfulness), headaches, and dyspeptic disorders. As a rule, unpleasant phenomena disappear in the first days monthly cycle.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of cystic mastopathy includes:

• external examination (shape of glands, presence of asymmetry, size, color of skin);
• palpation of the mammary glands, sub- and supraclavicular, axillary lymph nodes;
• (allows you to study the condition of the epithelial tissue of the breast and nearby lymph nodes) and pelvic organs (to identify diseases of the uterus and ovaries);
• - X-ray examination of the breast (can detect a tumor, is not performed on women under 40 years of age, pregnant or lactating women);
• analysis for the content of progesterone, estrogens, prolactin, and, if necessary, thyroid and adrenal hormones;
• needle biopsy and subsequent histological examination taken material (to identify malignant cells);
• discharge from the milk ducts;
• biochemical blood test (liver enzymes, blood sugar levels and other indicators).

If necessary, carried out additional methods diagnostics:

• pneumocystography (study of cavity formation);
• ductography (study of milk ducts);
• thermography;

Diagnosis and treatment of mastopathy is carried out by a gynecologist and mammologist.

Breast examination is carried out from 4 to 12 days of the monthly cycle. On other days, there is a high risk of misdiagnosis, which is associated with the peculiarities of the physiological processes occurring in the female body.

Treatment

Treatment of mastopathy is carried out conservatively or surgically. The choice of treatment method is carried out taking into account the severity of the disease, age and individual characteristics of the patient.

A prerequisite for successful treatment is correction of diet and drinking regime. It is necessary to drink at least 1.5 liters of liquid daily and avoid foods that provoke the growth of fibrous tissue and the formation of liquid contents in the cyst (chocolate, tea and coffee, sweet carbonated drinks, fatty foods, alcohol).

Conservative therapy

Drug treatment of cystic cysts is aimed at eliminating the causes that caused the pathological process and providing relief. unpleasant symptoms- pain and swelling. Therapy is carried out comprehensively, including the prescription of several groups of drugs, including hormonal ones.

At the core hormone therapy lies the purpose:

1. Toremifene and Tamoxifen - suppress the production of estrogen, prevent significant changes in hormone levels, taken continuously for 3 months;
2. combined oral contraceptives (Zhanin, Marvelon, Rigevidon) - indicated for violations of the second phase of the cycle in women under 35 years of age;
3. progesterone preparations, otherwise gestagens (Duphaston, Utrozhestan, Pregnin) - suppress the synthesis of estrogen and normalize the content of progesterone, thereby slowing down the growth of the pussy, promoting its subsequent resorption, taken for 4 months;
4. Parlodela - suppresses prolactin synthesis;
5. Buserelin, Zoladex - inhibit the synthesis of gonadotropic hormone;
6. androgens (Methyltestosterone, Testobromlecid, Danazol) - suppress the synthesis of pituitary hormones, accordingly inhibit their effect on the ovaries, are used in the treatment of women over 45 years of age, prescribed in a continuous course for 4-6 months.

Hormones should be selected by the doctor, taking into account the results of the analysis of the woman’s hormonal status.

Besides hormonal drugs The following groups of drugs are prescribed.

1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Reduce inflammatory processes in the tissues of the mammary gland, eliminate swelling and pain syndrome. Prescribed in short courses, since long-term use can cause serious adverse reactions from the outside gastrointestinal tract and other systems.
2. Diuretics. They remove excess fluid, help eliminate swelling of the breast, as well as swelling of the arms and legs, which often accompany cystic mastopathy. Typically, light plant-based diuretics are prescribed (lingonberry tea, diuretic or renal tea). It is also recommended to limit your salt intake.
3. Vitamin complexes. To strengthen the immune system, normalize hormonal levels and liver function, vitamins A, E, C, and group B are especially useful. Vitamin A suppresses the production of estrogen, vitamin E enhances the effect of progesterone, vitamin B6 reduces the content of prolactin. Ascorbic acid, vitamins P and PP strengthen vascular walls, normalize microcirculation and reduce swelling of the mammary glands.
4. Sedatives. Soothing herbs and teas, remedies based on valerian and motherwort are prescribed in cases where psycho-emotional disorder is the cause or concomitant symptom of cystic mastopathy. The drugs normalize the state of the nervous system, increase resistance to stress, and normalize sleep.
5. Iodine preparations. Iodomarin, Mamoclam and other iodine preparations are prescribed if cystic mastopathy is caused by hypothyroidism (insufficient production of thyroid hormones). Mamoclam reduces the manifestations of mastalgia, premenstrual syndrome, leads to regression of cysts. Can be used during pregnancy and lactation if the amount of iodine does not exceed physiological doses: no more than 250 mg/day. However, in case of hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis, these drugs are contraindicated.
6. Homeopathic medicines. Herbal products (Cyclodinone, Mastodinon, Remens) normalize hormonal levels, while having virtually no side effects and contraindications.

Surgical intervention

Surgical treatment of cystic mastopathy is indicated for:

• absence positive results conservative therapy;
• suspected oncology (based on the results of histological examination);
• rapid increase in cyst size;
• recurrence of the cyst after a previous puncture.

There are three main methods of surgical intervention:

1. sectoral resection of the mammary gland - removal of the cyst with excision of nearby healthy breast tissue;
2. enucleation - exfoliation of pathological cyst tissue through a small incision (carried out to remove small formations);
3. laser ablation - burning of pathological tissues with laser beams without damaging nearby healthy tissues.

Alternative medicine

To treat mastopathy, various herbal preparations, infusions and tinctures are used, which are used internally or for compresses.

1. Corn oil, aloe and radish juice. Mix the ingredients in equal quantities, add 70% alcohol, leave for a week. Take a tablespoon three times a day half an hour before meals.
2. Peppermint tea with lemon balm. Drink daily an hour before bedtime.
3. Dill with milk. Brew 100 g of dill seeds in ½ liter of milk, leave for 2 hours in a warm place, strain. Divide the finished product into 3 equal parts and drink throughout the day half an hour before meals. The treatment course lasts three weeks, after week break repeats itself.

External means:

1. lightly beat off the cabbage leaves, grease with honey, apply to the chest at night for two weeks (after a twenty-day break, the course can be repeated);
2. Grind the cabbage leaves and pumpkin in a meat grinder, apply the resulting mixture to the chest, cover it with cling film and secure it with a bandage, wash off the mixture after two hours (course of treatment is a week);
3. crushed dry burdock leaves (100 g) pour in refined sunflower oil (300 ml), leave for 10 days, lubricate the chest with the resulting product, do not rinse.

It is important to understand that folk remedies should be used only as an auxiliary method to complement conservative therapy.

Prevention

To prevent mastopathy, as well as for women who have been diagnosed with the disease, it is important to adhere to the principles of proper nutrition:

• include foods rich in fiber in your daily menu - fresh fruits and vegetables, grains, dried fruits;
• enrich the diet with fermented milk and seafood (sources of calcium and iodine);
• ensure sufficient intake of vitamin E into the body (the main source is vegetable oils);
• give up fatty, smoked, salty foods and fast foods;
• exclude alcohol, sweet carbonated drinks, coffee and tea, chocolate, cocoa from the diet.

Not less important:

• adjust the drinking regime (drink at least 1.5-2 liters of liquid per day);
• observe the work and rest schedule, get enough sleep, avoid physical fatigue;
• avoid stress;
• fight excess weight (excess body weight can cause metabolic disorders);
• do not be in the open sun, refuse to visit the solarium, saunas and baths, and other thermal influences;
• to refuse from bad habits;
• choose the right underwear (due to the irregular shape, the breasts are compressed, which contributes to the development of the disease), give preference to natural fabrics;
• regularly (every six months) preventive examinations at the gynecologist.

The prognosis of the disease is favorable - cystic mastopathy with timely diagnosis is quite easy to treat drug treatment, and proper nutrition and healthy image life help prevent the recurrence of cysts.

But if mastopathy is not treated, pathological processes in the breast will intensify, which can lead to suppuration and rupture of the cyst, and tissue degeneration into malignant ones. That is why it is important to start treatment in a timely manner and follow all medical recommendations.