How important is it to lead a correct lifestyle with hemorrhoids? Hemorrhoids - description, types, causes, prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids Health topic hemorrhoids

This "shameful" from the generally accepted point of view, the disease is recognized as one of the most common in the world. About 70% of people sooner or later seek medical help with symptoms of hemorrhoids. If the work is directly related to sitting at the computer, there is not enough time for sports, and nutrition leaves much to be desired, the likelihood of developing this pathology increases several times.

general information

Hemorrhoids is a very delicate disease that causes a lot of trouble for both men and the fair sex. Its symptoms are very painful, and the treatment is necessarily associated with physical discomfort. That is why it is so important to pay attention to the quality prevention of the disease. This disease is much easier to prevent than to cure. Even competent therapy in most cases eliminates only the symptoms, not the causes.

The latter are hidden in the wrong diet, sedentary lifestyle, non-compliance with basic hygiene rules. If you pay attention to these issues in a timely manner, you can forget about the disease forever and minimize the likelihood of its occurrence later.

In this article, we will describe in more detail what should be the prevention of hemorrhoids during sedentary work, how to prevent the development of the disease in pregnant women.

Pay attention to food

Some people with the appearance of primary symptoms of the disease are helped by a special pillow for the prevention of hemorrhoids. It allows you to alleviate the manifestations of the disease in those people who are forced to sit at the workplace for a long time. The pillow is designed in such a way that it protects the anal area from contact with the stool and prevents discomfort.

Keep a close eye on your health

How to prevent hemorrhoids? Disease prevention includes constant monitoring of the state of the whole organism, because all its systems are inextricably linked. Failure in any of them can lead to the development of pathology.

Growing body weight, thyroid problems, intestinal disorders - all these factors indirectly affect the appearance of hemorrhoids. If you seriously decide to avoid meeting this unpleasant disease, you should regularly undergo a complete diagnostic examination and treat all ailments in a timely manner.

Prevention of hemorrhoids in women during pregnancy

While waiting for a baby, many women experience this disease. The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy in the body provoke increased constipation and increased pressure on the pelvic vessels.

A woman in a position in the first place should carefully monitor the daily diet, the regularity of the stool, and also periodically perform very simple, but at the same time effective exercises. The best is the contraction and subsequent relaxation of the muscles of the so-called sphincter.

Prevention of hemorrhoids in women also involves walking. Starting around the second trimester, the uterus begins to grow in size, which puts even more pressure on the pelvic organs. That is why it is important to walk as much as possible to reduce pressure and improve blood circulation.

Are there special medications for the prevention of hemorrhoids?

It would seem that the above recommendations for the prevention of hemorrhoids are quite simple. It is only necessary to eat right and monitor personal hygiene. However, many people cannot deny themselves alcoholic drinks, spicy food and mouth-watering desserts. After a delicious dinner, they usually lie down on the sofa and completely forget about any physical activity. It is easier for them to take a miraculous pill than to radically change their already familiar lifestyle. Are there any medications or suppositories to prevent hemorrhoids?

The only thing that can be used to prevent the disease is venotonic drugs. Their action is aimed at increasing the tone of the venous network, which acts as a kind of barrier to its expansion. Doctors usually recommend Detralex, Troxevasin, Troxerutin. For the effect to be really noticeable, these funds should be taken in courses of three to six months.

As for local preparations, most often they are useless in such a matter as the prevention of hemorrhoids. Ointment, tablets or gels have an exclusively therapeutic effect. If the causes that caused the disease are not initially eliminated, their use will be ineffective. That is why in the prevention of hemorrhoids the first place still belongs to a change in habitual lifestyle.

Conclusion

If primary symptoms of hemorrhoids are found (itching and burning in the anus, blood on paper after defecation), it is necessary to visit a proctologist. The disease is easier to eliminate when it is at the initial stage of development.

We hope that the prevention tips presented in this article will be really useful for you. Be healthy!

In most cases, treatment for hemorrhoids involves steps you can take on your own, such as lifestyle changes. But in some cases, drugs or surgery necessary.

Medications
If hemorrhoids cause only mild discomfort, your doctor may prescribe over-the-counter creams, ointments, suppositories, or patches. These products contain ingredients (hazelnut, hydrocortisone) that can relieve pain and itching, at least temporarily.

Do not use creams and ointments sold in pharmacies for more than a week, without first being prescribed by your doctor. These medicines may cause side effects such as skin rash, inflammation or pruritus.

Minimally invasive procedures
If a clot has formed inside an external hemorrhoid, your doctor can remove it with a simple incision, which may provide prompt relief.

In cases of persistent bleeding or painful hemorrhoids, your doctor may recommend another minimally invasive procedure.

Ligation with a rubber band. Your doctor will place one or two tiny rubber bands around the base of the internal hemorrhoid to cut off circularly. The hemorrhoids will dry out and separate on their own in a week. This procedure, called rubber band ligation, is effective for most people.

Ligating hemorrhoids can be uncomfortable and cause bleeding, which can start on the second to fourth day after the procedure, but is rarely severe.

• Injections (sclerotherapy)- During this procedure, the doctor will inject a chemical solution into the tissue of the hemorrhoid to shrink it. Although injections cause little or no pain, they are less effective than bandaging.
• Coagulation (infrared, laser or bipolar). The coagulation technique involves the use of a laser, infrared beam, or heat. These methods cause small, bleeding internal hemorrhoids to harden and shrink.

Although coagulation has little side effects, its use is associated with more high risk recurrence of hemorrhoids than in the treatment with rubber band ligation.

Surgical methods treatment
If other procedures fail, or if your hemorrhoids are large enough, your doctor may recommend surgery. Surgical treatment may be performed on an outpatient basis, or an overnight hospitalization option may be used.

• Removal of hemorrhoids. During a hemorrhoidectomy, the surgeon removes the tissue that is causing the bleeding. Various techniques may be used. The operation can be performed under local anesthesia with sedation, under spinal anesthesia, or under general anesthesia.
• Hemorrhoidectomy- the most efficient and full way for the treatment of complicated or recurrent hemorrhoids. Complications may include temporary difficulty emptying Bladder and subsequent occurrence of urinary tract infections.

Most people experience pain after the procedure. Medicines can relieve pain. Warm baths after treatment can also help.

• Stitching hemorrhoids stapler. This procedure, called a stapler hemorrhoidectomy or stapler hemorrhoidopexy, blocks blood flow to the hemorrhoidal tissues. Stapling with a stapler in most cases causes less pain syndrome than hemorrhoidectomy and allows you to return to normal activities earlier.

When compared to hemorrhoidectomy, however, stapling is associated with multiple big risk development of recurrence or prolapse of the rectum, in which part of the rectum falls out through the anus. Discuss with your doctor which option might be best for you.

Every Tuesday, AiF Health explains what signs might indicate that you need to see a doctor. This week we will tell you what hemorrhoids are and what mistakes, myths and misconceptions hinder the timely treatment of the disease.

Our expert is Associate Professor of the Department of Coloproctology and Endoscopic Surgery of the First Moscow State Medical University. I. M. Sechenova, candidate of medical sciences Inna Tulina.

Myth: "The hallmark of hemorrhoids is severe pain"

Actually

This is only partly true. The fact is that in one word "hemorrhoids" patients call two different problems.

Each of us has two groups of hemorrhoids. The first is the external plexuses. They are under the skin, close to the anus. Most often, external hemorrhoidal plexuses either simply increase in size and do not cause any particular inconvenience to patients, or thrombosis of these nodes occurs - blood clots form inside the plexuses. This leads to swelling, the appearance of dense "bumps" and swelling around the anus. All this is accompanied by severe pain, and it is felt constantly, and not only during a trip to the toilet.

But there is a second group of hemorrhoids - they are located deeper in the anal canal, so they are called internal. Such plexuses are attached to the wall of the anal canal with special thin ligaments that hold them and prevent them from slipping out. As the knots grow in size, they become heavier, so that at some point the ligaments no longer provide them with full support. Because of this, the plexuses "protrude" into the lumen of the rectum and may fall out during bowel movements. And since the walls of the plexuses are quite fragile, they bleed during the passage of the stool, and sometimes heavily. But pain usually does not happen at the same time - it is not typical for internal hemorrhoids at all.

Of course, internal hemorrhoids can be observed simultaneously with external ones, and then pain and bleeding can be combined. But more often such a “combination” of symptoms is observed in other diseases, for example, with hemorrhoids and anal fissure. In any case, pain in this area is a reason to see a doctor. And bleeding is all the more reason to make an appointment with a specialist, because it can indicate not only hemorrhoids, but also polyps and even intestinal tumors.

Myth: "The main sign of hemorrhoids is the appearance of hemorrhoids"

Actually

In general, hemorrhoids themselves are important and necessary. However, under certain circumstances, they can increase in size - and it is in this case that the diagnosis of "hemorrhoids" is made. Chronic constipation, a sedentary lifestyle, or, conversely, excessive physical activity, against which intra-abdominal pressure rises, can lead to its occurrence. All this contributes to the violation of the outflow of blood from the nodes. It accumulates in them, their walls stretch, which in turn leads to the fact that there is even more blood inside. There is a vicious circle, which is difficult to break without treatment.

Myth: “There are many remedies for hemorrhoids that you can buy at the pharmacy without consulting a doctor.”

Actually

The situation when a person acquires a remedy for hemorrhoids, but it does not help or aggravates the condition even more, is not uncommon. It's easy to explain. Considering the disease delicate, the patient is in no hurry to see a doctor. But he is embarrassed to go into the details of his condition, asking a pharmacist for a remedy (especially since there are other buyers in the pharmacy). Therefore, it is not possible for the pharmacist to find out whether internal or external hemorrhoids are in question, and the patient himself, when faced with a problem for the first time, does not distinguish between them.

Meanwhile, the drugs in these two cases need different ones. With external hemorrhoids, the primary task is to eliminate the thrombus, for this, blood thinners are used. With the internal, on the contrary, it is necessary to stop the bleeding, and for this the blood must be made thicker. What will happen if the remedy is not used according to indications is not difficult to think out.

There are also combined means with a universal action that can be used for any hemorrhoids. But in this case, it is better to consult a doctor so that he chooses the best approach to treatment. For example, with thrombosis of external nodes, a fairly simple operation is often used - a blood clot is removed through a small incision. Such an intervention does not require serious preparation and rehabilitation, but after it it immediately gets better. Often this solution is more preferable than medication.

Myth: “When prolapsed hemorrhoids can not do without surgery”

Actually

If the nodes began to fall out, it is impossible to return them to their original healthy state by conservative methods.

The absolute indication for it is only severe bleeding of the nodes, if it was not possible to cope with it with the help of medicines. Such bleeding can lead to anemia, and sometimes even life-threatening, so it is better to immediately reduce the risk to nothing.

If bleeding is not observed, resorting to surgical intervention or not depends on the sensations of the patient himself. No one can better appreciate how much knot loss affects his quality of life. If the inconvenience is felt, the person himself will insist on the operation. By itself, an increase in hemorrhoidal plexuses is not an indication for it. Many manage with periodic courses of conservative therapy.

However, it is important to understand that without treatment at all, the situation will worsen. There are four stages of internal hemorrhoids, and if on the second nodes, falling out during bowel movements, they are reduced independently, then on the fourth they are not reduced at all. Of course, the sooner the operation is carried out, the more gentle it will be.

Last Tuesday AiF Health told,

Given the wide variety of causative factors this disease, in the treatment of hemorrhoids, lifestyle should be aimed at strengthening and maintaining the health of the body.

Balanced diet

Excessive content of coarse fiber in food and insufficient intake of food with natural soluble fibers leads to indigestion. In this case, the patient develops frequent prolonged constipation, which contributes to stagnation of blood in the rectum and damage to the vessels of the intestinal mucosa with solid feces. The disturbed outflow causes an increase in pressure in vascular system small pelvis and, as a result, to swelling of hemorrhoids.

The solution to this problem is to follow simple recommendations for rational nutrition, the essence of which boils down to the inclusion in the diet of foods rich in fiber. For sedentary people, for the prevention of hemorrhoids, it is useful to eat the following foods:

• Apples, pears;
• Bananas, apricots;
• Citrus;
• Raisin;
• legumes;
• Corn;
• Melon.

The benefit of melon is that, passing through the intestines, its fibrous structure absorbs moisture and swells, pushing through the accumulated masses and cleansing the intestines.

When changing your lifestyle, start small - pay attention to what you eat. Those wishing to get rid of hemorrhoids are not recommended to eat heavy foods, including fatty meats, high-fat dairy products, ice cream, pastries, fast food, spicy dishes, ketchup and other products containing vinegar.

Fight bad habits

Alcohol abuse is also not good for your intestines. Alcohol, getting into the body, causes dehydration, pulling out all the free water from it. This negatively affects the composition of the stool and leads to constipation. Also, alcohol leads to vasodilation, including in the pelvic area. Therefore, when drinking alcohol, there is a risk that your internal nodes will increase in size, fall out and become external. Smoking has a slightly different mechanism of action. Nicotine has a persistent vasoconstrictive effect, disrupting the outflow of blood from peripheral vessels to the central veins. If a smoker has digestive problems, then it is highly likely that he is in the group high risk for the development of hemorrhoids.

For effective treatment hemorrhoids our readers advise. This natural remedy, which quickly eliminates pain and itching, promotes the healing of anal fissures and hemorrhoids. The composition of the drug includes only natural ingredients with maximum efficiency. The tool has no contraindications, the effectiveness and safety of the drug has been proven by clinical studies at the Research Institute of Proctology.

If you plan to approach the problem of treating hemorrhoids in a complex way, then be sure to refuse bad habits. This will bring you a few more steps closer to your goal.

Active recreation and exercise

The main cause of hemorrhoids worldwide is a sedentary lifestyle. If your work activity does not involve active movement, then make a habit of taking small breaks for yourself, during which you can walk around the room, take a walk down the street, or do a set of simple exercises to strengthen the pelvic muscles.

One of effective ways treatment and prevention of hemorrhoids is physical activity. Find 10-15 minutes of free time a day to do a few simple exercises. effect from therapeutic gymnastics observed even with classes 2 times a week, but the best result is achieved with the systematic implementation of special exercises.

Stress resistance

The implementation of the above recommendations in itself can improve your response to stressful situations, but in some cases, the help of a psychologist may be needed. Do not hesitate to seek help from specialists, because your own health depends on it.

Sports

To improve the body's resistance and maintain normal muscle tone, it is recommended to lead an active lifestyle and start playing sports. An excellent strengthening effect is observed during athletics, skiing, swimming. Even an ordinary daily twenty-minute walk in the park is effective way prevention of hemorrhoids and weight control.

In contact with

classmates

Whatever you say, but the word hemorrhoids causes a nervous chuckle of many men. Most often it is used in a figurative sense, but more and more modern men face this disease personally. Moreover, the number of cases of the disease is steadily growing, so famously that soon it will be possible for almost everyone to predict to earn hemorrhoids in the literal sense.

Causes of hemorrhoids

It doesn't develop right away. It really needs to be earned. The underlying causes of hemorrhoids are biological features structures of the final section of the rectum. The outflow of blood from the anus, even under normal conditions, is difficult, and its deterioration due to the influence of any additional factors will be the cause of hemorrhoids.

The main reasons for the development of hemorrhoids include:

1. frequent weight lifting;
2. frequent constipation or diarrhea;
3. strong physical activity;
4. abuse of spicy food;
5. traumatic injuries;
6. oncological diseases.

As you can see, there are quite a few causes of hemorrhoids. The impact of any of these factors can lead to disruption of the outflow of blood, which will stagnate in the vessels. The vessels will increase and form hemorrhoids. Stretching of the blood vessels will lead to a thinning of their walls and it turns out to be very easy to damage it - just go to the toilet “by and large”. If the wall is damaged, then bleeding begins, which can be difficult to stop. A bunch of terribly unpleasant experiences are guaranteed.

Let's analyze the list of the main causes of hemorrhoids in more detail.

If you work sitting in an office, travel by car or public transport, then you are at risk. Not only is the outflow of blood disturbed during sitting, but also the temperature between the booty and the place of its application is increased, which brings additional harm.

If you stand a lot, lift weights all day and experience great physical exertion, then regular muscle tension will lead to impaired blood flow and cause hemorrhoids to develop.

Frequent constipation leads to congestion stool obstructs the outflow of blood, and straining further exacerbates this problem.

Important: you should remember about the liver, because it is the liver that is responsible for the production of bile, and bile is responsible for calorie formation.

Perhaps the root cause of your constipation is a malfunction of the liver.

The irritating effect of undigested spicy food or feces during diarrhea causes irritation of the mucous membrane. This cause of hemorrhoids is often underestimated, as a person associates discomfort with food, and not with the disease and waits for it to pass by itself.

Alcohol abuse leads to vasodilation, which exacerbates the situation with dilated veins in the anus.

Traumatic injuries, like oncological diseases, are again able to impede the outflow of blood and serve as the development of hemorrhoids.

The list of causes of hemorrhoids can be continued: overweight (and even obesity and even more so), stressful situations, inflammatory diseases and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and circulatory systems. We think that the above information is already enough to understand the main causes of hemorrhoids, so let's stop there and move on to the symptoms.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

The first symptoms of hemorrhoids will be itching and burning in the anus. In fact, at this moment there are no hemorrhoids yet - this is the first alarm bell its development. But if there is bleeding, then it is possible to make a diagnosis with confidence, although it is highly undesirable to bring it up to this point.

At first, bleeding with hemorrhoids is small. Toilet paper will get dirty, underwear will get a little dirty and that's it. “It will pass by itself,” most people think and let the disease take its course. Sometimes it does go away, but it often worsens to more active bleeding.

Another symptom of hemorrhoids that cannot be missed is nodules (swollen blood vessels) with accumulated blood can fall out during a bowel movement or even during normal physical activity. They can also cause a sensation of a foreign object, pain when going to the toilet. Moreover, pain may increase when pressed.

Treatment of hemorrhoids

Work on improving the methods of treatment of hemorrhoids is ongoing. Ointments and suppositories are being invented, methods of surgical treatment are being improved, physiotherapeutic procedures and massages are being carried out, but all this only helps to muffle the disease. Unfortunately, we can say that the treatment of hemorrhoids does not lead to complete relief.

The arsenal of doctors is really wide. They just turn to doctors usually with advanced cases of hemorrhoids, and until then they try to self-medicate. Treat hemorrhoids folk remedies is one of the dumbest things ever. Why waste time when you end up going to the doctor anyway?

Good if it can be used conservative treatment hemorrhoids. This is possible in the initial stages or to prevent possible exacerbations. Enemas, baths, massages, candles, ointments and much more allows you to quickly get rid of the symptoms of hemorrhoids.

At the first signs of the development of chronic hemorrhoids, when bleeding occurs periodically, one has to resort to surgical, but at the same time rather gentle procedures: sclerotherapy, doping (pulling), infrared photocoagulation.

Advanced cases of hemorrhoids require serious surgical treatment. Those who have brought themselves to such a state are to undergo: hemorrhoidectomy, cryodestruction, Long operation, doping with latex rings, sclerosis, etc.

The choice of the most optimal tactics and method of treatment of hemorrhoids depends on the stage and type of the disease, the severity of symptoms, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases and conditions.

Conservative (drug) Treatment of hemorrhoids is mainly aimed at combating exacerbations of hemorrhoids. Therefore, it should be understood that due to the chronic nature of the disease, any conservative treatment is exclusively temporary.

The successful treatment of most patients with hemorrhoids is facilitated by the use of modern minimally invasive methods of treatment and their combinations: infrared coagulation, sclerotherapy, ligation of hemorrhoids with latex rings, ligation of hemorrhoidal vessels under the control of ultrasonic Doppler and others. Low trauma, slight pain make these methods very attractive for both doctors and patients. However, despite the fact that minimally invasive methods are safer than traditional hemorrhoidectomy, it should be borne in mind that after these manipulations, the development of complications is sometimes noted. Therefore, their use necessarily implies the surgical skills of the doctor, the observance of the rules of asepsis and the observance of the basic principles of their use, namely:

On the late stages development of hemorrhoids is performed surgical intervention(hemoroidectomy), aimed at the radical removal of the cavernous tissue collectors, which are the basis of hemorrhoids. Modern surgical techniques performed in specialized hospitals, make it possible to reduce the number of complications, shorten the length of stay in the hospital and achieve good functional results.

Used at various stages of the disease different methods treatment:

• With hemorrhoids of the 1st stage, the following are indicated: conservative therapy, infrared photocoagulation, sclerotherapy, desarterization ("suture ligation").
• With hemorrhoids of the 2nd stage, the following are indicated: conservative therapy, ligation with latex rings, desarterization, Longo's operation, combined methods.
• With hemorrhoids of the 3rd stage, the following are indicated: ligation with latex rings, transanal resection of the mucosa according to the Longo method, combined methods, surgical treatment (hemorrhoidectomy).
• With hemorrhoids of the 4th stage, surgical treatment (hemorrhoidectomy) is indicated.

Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids (treatment of hemorrhoids with ointment, suppositories, tablets)

Conservative (drug) therapy for acute and chronic hemorrhoids has several specific goals:

1. Relief of symptoms of acute hemorrhoids.
2. Prevention of complications.
3. Prevention of exacerbations in chronic course.
4. Preoperative preparation.
5. Postoperative rehabilitation.

Appointing drug therapy, the doctor solves several problems:

1. Relief of inflammation.
2. Elimination of pain syndrome.
3. Improvement of blood flow and microcirculation of blood in cavernous formations.
4. Stop bleeding.

Sport

Start running short distances, gradually increasing your mileage. At the end of your run, smoothly move on to deep breathing and brisk walking, slowing down more and more.

Laxatives

Laxatives differ in the mode of action into several groups.

• Increasing the volume of intestinal contents. Vegetable fibers - bran, sea ​​kale, flaxseed, psyllium seed, agar-agar; saline agents - magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate. These drugs begin to act at the level small intestine(1-3 hours after ingestion), so they are prescribed in the morning. Flax seed - the best remedy against constipation. It is taken in unground form 2-3 times a day, 1 tbsp. l., drinking 250-300 ml of water each time, otherwise dense lumps of flaxseed may form in the intestines.
• softening content. Vaseline oil. Take 15-45 ml at night. Used in cases where you need to achieve a quick effect.
• Stimulating intestinal motility. Rhubarb, buckthorn, laxative joster, senna. Choose one of the herbs and take 1/2 cup in the morning and at night. The laxative effect occurs after 8-10 hours.

Diet for hemorrhoids

First of all, it is recommended to cleanse the entire digestive tract with a mild laxative, preferably Alexandrian leaf, as other remedies may aggravate the disease. It is advisable to starve for several days, following a fruit diet. Then, as the condition improves, switch to a sparing diet. Vegetables, fruits and berries, mostly raw, contribute to the proper release of the intestines. For optimal results, you should consume at least 200 g per day.

It is good to include in the daily diet: prunes or dried apricots (8-12 pieces); bananas and apples (2-3 pieces); vegetable oil - 1-2 tbsp. l. on an empty stomach (stir in yogurt or kefir and take at night); buckwheat, oatmeal, barley, barley porridge, honey (1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day); wheat bran(20-30 g per day should be added to almost any meal).

During the treatment of hemorrhoids, it is useful to eat cauliflower, meat, fish and especially honey. For therapeutic purposes, you should eat more fresh onion or juice from it (1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day); raw grated carrots; fresh ripe apples and grapes (relieves pain); it is useful to swallow whole pieces of peeled garlic (garlic is not digested and, leaving the rectum, burns it, promoting healing); drink on an empty stomach 1-2 glasses of whey.

Prevention of hemorrhoids

Guys, in the issue of hemorrhoids, it is better to “overdo it than not do it”. Why do you need to bring yourself to such a state when it will be almost impossible to completely get rid of hemorrhoids. Prevention of hemorrhoids is not something outstanding, it does not require feats. The recommendations are simple, banal and accessible to everyone.

Get rid of the habit of sitting in the toilet, reading newspapers in it or working with a laptop!

Watch what you eat and drink. As little as possible alcohol, spicy food. Beware of low-quality products that can cause stool disorders. Proper nutrition plays a significant role in the prevention of hemorrhoids.

Move as much as possible. Sitting all day? Walk home, stand in public transport. Go to the gym, swimming pool, go in for active sports.

It is clear that your work is important, but breaks should be used for movement, not browsing the Internet. Do not spare money for a good chair, and not soft, but hard.

As you can see, the prevention of hemorrhoids is clearly correlated with in a healthy way life. Recommendations are universal for many diseases. By taking care of your health today, you save a lot of money and time in the future. The choice is always yours.