ICD 10 ischemic heart disease. ICD stable angina. Clinical manifestations of the disease

Determining the IHD code according to ICD 10 is always a long and labor-intensive process. The disease is located in the class of pathologies of the circulatory system. At its core, IHD is a complex of pathologies that are characterized by impaired blood supply to the heart or its individual sections.

Accordingly, ischemia can be acute or chronic. When encoding coronary disease one should take into account the fact that ischemic heart disease is often combined with arterial hypertension, and this requires additional clarification of the diagnosis.

In addition, during the diagnosis of a particular disease in the PICS block according to ICD 10 the duration of the ischemic attack should be taken into account. At the same time, to maintain statistical records of morbidity, the period of time from the onset of ischemia to the patient’s admission to the hospital is taken into account. When assessing overall mortality, the time from the onset of an attack to death is assessed.

Encoding Features

The ICD 10 code for coronary heart disease ranges from I20 to I25. This includes the following nosological units:

• I20 – represented by angina pectoris, which is divided into stable angina and unstable form (tension), as well as unspecified forms of pathology;
• I21 – acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction, which is divided into points depending on the location of the lesion and the depth of necrotic phenomena;
• I22 – repeated infarction, which implies the appearance of signs of myocardial necrosis within 28 days from the development of the previous infarction;
• I23 – complications of infarction (for example, the formation of heart defects, hemopericardium, rupture of certain structures);
• I24 - so In ICD 10 IHD block other forms of nosology are coded (for example, Dressler's syndrome or coronary thrombosis without signs of infarction);
• I25 – chronic cardiac ischemia, which is also divided into many points (atherosclerosis, aneurysm, previous heart attack and other forms).

Coronary artery disease means that for some reason the heart does not receive enough blood to function properly.

In adults, IHD is much more common than in children, which is due to nutritional disorders, bad habits, accumulation of harmful substances in the body and other external factors. At the same time, such pathology coding is needed in order to adequately distribute the basic principles of treatment and diagnosis large quantity forms of ischemic heart disease.

Ischemic heart disease in an advanced state leads to such a life-threatening complication as myocardial infarction. A heart attack develops as a result of the fact that the muscle area does not receive enough blood, and therefore is deprived of the required amount of oxygen supply.

Initially, the development of a heart attack is characterized by acute ischemia. However, the stronger the lack of oxygen, the more products with toxic properties accumulate in the muscle fibers and the faster the muscle dies. If you do not react in time, ignoring the first symptoms, necrosis of muscle tissue will occur.

The part of the muscle in which necrotic changes have occurred becomes very sensitive to various external influences, which is why a person who has had a heart attack always runs the risk of dying from a heart attack in the first few months.

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As the scar tightens, dense strands grow around it connective tissue, which prevents heart rupture. As a result, when the infarction scar has already healed, the patient is diagnosed not with myocardial infarction, but with post-infarction cardiosclerosis (PICS). I25.1 – PICS code according to ICD-10.

Post-infarction cardiosclerosis refers to scar changes due to which the muscle cannot fully function.

Causes

As already mentioned, post-infarction cardiosclerosis develops at the site where scarring of the infarction scar occurred.

Sometimes, if coronary heart disease is chronic, replacement of muscle tissue with connective tissue is possible without a heart attack. In this case, cardiosclerosis is no longer called post-infarction, but diffuse. Often the diffuse variant of cardiosclerosis does not manifest itself in any way, but is discovered only at a post-mortem autopsy.

In rare cases, cardiosclerosis can form under the influence of various diseases hearts such as:

• myocarditis;
• processes of a dystrophic nature;
• pathology of coronary vessels, etc.

Classification

IHD and PICS are inextricably linked not only because the second usually follows from the first, but also because post-infarction cardiosclerosis is part of the classification of coronary disease.

The classification of coronary heart disease is as follows:

A subtype of angina is also added, which is called spontaneous, that is, its development has no connection with physical activity. Spontaneous angina includes:

• Prinzmetal's angina;
• myocardial infarction;

Myocardial infarction also has several classifications. Based on its origin, it is divided into primary and repeated and recurrent, and based on the depth of tissue damage into small-focal and large-focal.

Diagnostics

Before making a diagnosis of post-infarction cardiosclerosis, the doctor pays attention to:

• patient history;
• results obtained during a general examination;
• complaints;
• results of diagnostic studies.

Of the diagnostic studies, patients with suspected PICS are most often prescribed Echo-CG or, as it is also called, ultrasound of the heart muscle.

This type of study provides objective results about the condition of the heart, allowing the doctor to find out what condition the chambers are in, how much the muscle walls are changed, and whether there is an aneurysm anywhere.

Echo-CG also helps to understand how widespread cardiosclerosis is, since the study can roughly estimate how much tissue is not involved in muscle contraction.

Compulsory diagnostic study is an ECG. At the discretion of the doctor, the patient may undergo a one-time procedure, or may use 24-hour Holter monitoring (more informative method for ischemic heart disease), or they may suggest a stress test.

An ECG allows you to track a heart attack, changes in heart rhythm, and establish the presence and location of an aneurysm.

If post-infarction cardiosclerosis is suspected, radiography must be performed chest cavity. Using an x-ray, you can determine the configuration of the heart and understand whether there is a pathological increase in its size.

Another effective method– positron emission tomography (PET). The research today is very expensive, but one of the most informative. PET allows you to evaluate the processes occurring in the heart muscle.

If coronary artery disease is accompanied by atherosclerosis, then angiography is required, which will help determine how much the coronary vessels are affected by the pathological process

Symptoms of IHD and PICS

Symptoms of post-infarction cardiosclerosis are strongly tied to what part of the heart the scar is located in, as well as what area it occupies.

Heart failure, which develops due to sclerotic changes in muscle tissue, is the main indicator of the development of cardiosclerosis. The severity of the pathology depends on how large a volume of tissue is affected by pathological changes.

Heart failure is divided into left ventricular and right ventricular, which depends on which part of the heart is affected by sclerotic changes.

Characteristic:

• the appearance of a feeling of lack of air, shortness of breath when lying down (the patient is forced to half-sit all the time);
• the appearance of a cough, and the person may cough up foamy sputum, as well as a small amount of blood;
• inability to perform physical activity.

With this type of deficiency, cardiac asthma is formed: a person wakes up at night due to asthma attacks.

If we are talking about, then the following symptoms develop:

• swelling appears on the legs, the size of which gradually increases and can reach the groin;
• the skin on the arms and legs takes on a bluish tint;
• fluid accumulates not only in the extremities, but also in the abdominal, pleural and other cavities;
• pain appears on the right in the liver area due to an increase in its size;
• the veins in the neck become clearly visible and pulsate.

Damage to any part of the heart is accompanied by the development of arrhythmias, which most often lead to death.

An aneurysm may be attached to the PICS, which is dangerous due to the development of thromboembolic complications.

Treatment

Treatment of PICS and IHD begins with symptomatic therapy, that is, heart failure and arrhythmia are first eliminated. It is customary to begin treatment with symptomatic therapy, as this helps to alleviate the patient’s condition and does not waste time on restoring dead tissue, which is basically unrealistic.

At the same time, while relieving a person of symptoms, they try to prevent restructuring processes in the heart muscle.

The most commonly used drugs are:

Besides drug therapy patients are always advised to quit smoking, not drink alcohol, and go on a diet with minimal salt intake. Dramatic lifestyle changes are often required to slow the progression of the disease.

Cardiosclerosis is not used for the treatment of cardiosclerosis, but operations are resorted to in cases where PICS is combined with an aneurysm.

When treating PICS, it is necessary not to forget that it is necessary not only to reduce the severity of symptoms and eliminate signs of coronary heart disease, but also to prevent the development re-infarction myocardium.

Forecast

The prognosis for this pathology varies significantly. When assessing the prospects, the doctor relies on data on how severely the muscle wall is affected, and what signs of deficiency the patient already has.

If PICS affects mainly the left ventricle with the development of corresponding symptoms of failure, and the ejection fraction drops beyond 20%, then the prognosis is unfavorable.

In this case, the only way out is a heart transplant operation, since the patient will not last long on drug therapy.

Attacks of ischemic heart disease resulting from stressful situations and physical activity, which increases the heart's need for oxygen, is called angina pectoris. The disease manifests itself as pain, discomfort, a feeling of tightness and burning behind the sternum. Angina pectoris code according to ICD-10 mainly occurs in older people; children and young people under 30 years of age who are susceptible to attacks of angina pectoris make up less than a percentage.

FC 1 – loads are tolerated normally, often the latter is not even aware of his illness. Attacks of pain occur only with significant overexertion.

FC 2 – some limitation of activity, pain and shortness of breath occur when climbing an inclined plane and steps, in the cold, with a headwind, or emotional overexcitation.

FC 3 - an attack of angina occurs even with a slight load - normal walking, climbing one floor.

FC 4 - any load - simple movements cause an attack, which happens even at rest.

Angina pectoris code according to ICD-10 is divided into stable and unstable. The first is much more amenable to control and treatment, since the attack is predictable when certain factors occur. An attack of unstable angina pectoris code according to ICD-10 happens out of the blue; it is impossible to predict and prepare for it.

Causes of angina pectoris

The main reason is atherosclerosis, that is, the adhesion of atherosclerotic plaques to the walls of blood vessels, which gradually bury the lumen and cause insufficient blood supply to the heart, which means its oxygen starvation.

The following factors cause atherosclerosis:

Signs of an angina attack:

1. Pain.
2. Changes in heart rate and pulse.
3. Pallor or cyanosis of the skin.
4. Violent cold sweat.
5. Weakness.
6. Anxiety.
7. Dyspnea.

The duration of the attack is no more than a quarter of an hour.

How to stop an attack

1. Stop all movement, sit down if possible, but do not lie down.
2. Place a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue, if the attack is severe, then you can take two, but no more than five, and then only in exceptional cases when medical help is unavailable.

If taking nitroglycerin does not stop the attack and the symptoms continue to worsen, then an immediate call to the ambulance is required, as this indicates the occurrence of myocardial infarction.

Diagnosis of angina pectoris

The patient is interviewed, his heartbeat is listened to, and his medical history is reviewed.

Drug treatment of angina pectoris

In addition to medications, the complex also uses folk remedies, which include herbal infusions, useful vitamin-strengthening compounds.

Surgical treatment

If conservative therapy does not produce significant results, then the patient is prescribed surgical intervention:

• Coronary artery bypass surgery - an anastomosis is performed at the site of blockage of the artery, that is, a bypass path for blood is created, which improves the blood supply to the heart.
• Coronary angioplasty – dilation of the artery and installation of a stent, which will prevent re-stenosis.

Patients are also prescribed lifestyle changes: quitting smoking, physical therapy, eliminating junk food from the diet, normalizing weight, avoiding stress and nervous overstrain. All this allows the body to more easily tolerate stress, which will reduce the frequency of attacks.

Which manifests itself in the form of replacement of part of the myocardial muscle fibers with connective tissue.

If blood circulation in any part of the heart is impaired, this area dies. The necrotic area can be of different sizes and located anywhere. To compensate for lost muscle tissue, the heart has to produce even more connective tissue. Therefore, post-infarction cardiosclerosis - this is the only outcome after myocardial infarction, and it will take at least three weeks for the area with necrosis to completely heal and scar formation. The diagnosis is established automatically only after this period.

Cardiosclerosis often causes death, so you need to take the disease seriously and follow all the recommendations of your doctor. Before starting treatment, you need to establish the type of cardiosclerosis.

Types of post-infarction cardiosclerosis

Depending on the area of ​​scars, there are several types of disease:

• Large-focal. It forms after an extensive myocardial infarction.

• Scattered finely focal. A large number of small inclusions of connective tissue in the myocardium. Appears after several microinfarctions.

Large-focal post-infarction cardiosclerosis most often leads to death, and all because a large scar does not allow the heart to work fully. As for the localization of the disease, most often it forms on the left ventricle, on the anterior wall, as well as on the interventricular septum.

Causes of the disease

The main reason for the development of the disease is myocardial infarction. Doctors detect post-infarction cardiosclerosis only 2-4 months after the attack. This is how long it takes for the scarring process to be completely completed. The affected cells are replaced by scar-connective tissue. Depending on the location and degree of disturbances, various problems in the functioning of the heart appear.

Connective tissue is unable to contract and transmit electrical impulses, which ultimately leads to violations. As a result, the heart tissues are deformed and stretched, sometimes even affecting the heart valves, it all depends on the location.

There is another reason for the development of pathology - myocardial dystrophy. This deviation manifests itself in those patients who have problems with metabolic processes. As a result, malfunctions occur circulatory system, as the contractility of the heart muscles decreases. Trauma can trigger the development of this disease.

It can be quite difficult to establish the exact causes of the development of pathology, but this is important in order to correctly select the treatment for post-infarction cardiosclerosis. Only after eliminating the root cause can the development of the disease be stopped. But only a specialist should do this. Jokes with the heart are bad, so self-medication is not allowed.

Symptoms

If the disease develops gradually and slowly, then there are no obvious symptoms. With moderate growth of connective tissue, the walls of the heart do not lose their elasticity and muscle strength does not become weaker.

Also, symptoms may be absent if the lesion is located on the surface of the connective tissue and is small in size.

In other cases, disorders in the heart may be accompanied by the following manifestations:

• Dyspnea. This is one of the signs of chronic heart failure, which often accompanies severe cardiosclerosis. Faster this symptom appears after a heart attack or myocarditis. It manifests itself in the form of breathing disorders, in which a person is unable to normalize the rhythm himself. Shortness of breath is more often observed during exercise or stress. It is not possible to get rid of this disorder on your own, because irreversible processes occur in the heart.
• Cough. This symptom occurs due to stagnation of blood in the lungs. The walls of the bronchi fill with fluid and become thicker. This feature provokes irritation of cough receptors. When diagnosed with “post-infarction cardiosclerosis,” the cough is dry and manifests itself in the same cases as shortness of breath.
• Arrhythmia. This is a consequence of damage to the conduction system of the heart. The fibers that conduct impulses are damaged. As a result of this feature, the heart zones contract later. This provokes poor blood circulation. In addition, uneven contraction of the heart muscles leads to more blood moving in the heart chamber and increases the risk of blood clots. Arrhythmia is most often observed in patients with severe post-infarction cardiosclerosis of the heart.
• Cardiopalmus. It is observed due to rhythm disturbance and lack of synchrony. With this pathology, the patient feels the heartbeat in the neck or abdomen.
• Fatigue. If there are problems with the functioning of the heart, blood output decreases, weak contraction of the heart muscles does not allow maintaining normal blood pressure, which leads to rapid fatigue.

• Angina pectoris.
• Swelling of the veins in the neck, as well as their strong pulsation, which can be easily noticed just by looking at the patient.
• Edema. This symptom appears later than all and is a consequence of stagnation in big circle blood circulation In most cases, it is the legs that swell. Initially, the symptom appears in the morning, but as it develops it can persist throughout the day.
• Accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity or a heart shirt.
• Congestion in the liver or spleen, possible increase in organ size.
• Dizziness. This symptom manifests itself in the form of episodic fainting already at late stages diseases. These disorders are a consequence of acute cerebral hypoxia associated with heart rhythm disturbances and sharp decline pressure.

If at least a few of the described symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor and undergo a thorough examination to determine the causes of post-infarction cardiosclerosis and eliminate them.

Diagnostic methods

Doctors constantly monitor the health of patients who have suffered a heart attack. After all, as mentioned earlier, only after the scarring process can you put final diagnosis"post-infarction cardiosclerosis". The medical history of some patients who suffered only a microinfarction may not even contain records that they are at risk of cardiosclerosis. They most often seek help complaining of chest pain, shortness of breath and other symptoms indicating heart failure.

Already at the first examination, a patient may be suspected of cardiosclerosis. And it is identified by the following signs:

• heart murmurs;
• heart tone is dull;
• high blood pressure;
• disturbed rhythm.

All these manifestations may also indicate pathologies associated with cardiovascular system. Additionally, the patient may be prescribed the following procedures:

• An ECG allows you to study the conductivity and electrical activity of the heart and identify arrhythmia. It is she who indicates the manifestations of cardiosclerosis.

• EchoCG helps to detect an increase in the walls of the left ventricle (norm - no more than 11 mm), a decrease in the ejection fraction of blood from the left ventricle (norm - within 60%).
• is carried out using radioactive isotopes, thanks to which you can easily determine the location of healthy and damaged areas of the heart. In this method, the patient is injected with a radiopharmaceutical that only enters healthy cells. It is thanks to this drug that damaged ones can be easily detected.
• X-ray helps to identify the condition of the left ventricle: how stretched and deformed it is.

All of these methods are also used to monitor treatment. After confirming the diagnosis, it is selected complex therapy.

IHD and cardiosclerosis

Heart lesions such as ischemic heart disease and cardiosclerosis are common, especially in people who suffer from atherosclerosis. In such patients, coronary heart disease initially begins to develop, which provokes changes in the myocardium associated with proliferation and formation of connective tissue. Therefore, most often no symptoms indicate the development of post-infarction cardiosclerosis. Angina pectoris and other forms of coronary artery disease occupy the majority of manifestations. Today, there are several forms of IHD: exertional angina, Prinzmetal's angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and cardiosclerosis.

Therefore, it is important to undergo a thorough examination, find out an accurate diagnosis, find out the form of the pathology and begin timely treatment, which will allow the patient to feel like a full-fledged person in society. Therapy, depending on the form of pathology, may differ.

Today effective therapy there is no cardiosclerosis, and all because a drug has not yet been created that could create functional cardiomyocytes from connective tissue. That is why the patient will have to take medicines.

• remove the causes of the disease;
• eliminate all aggravating factors;
• prevent complications;
• improve the patient’s quality of life;
• eliminate manifestations of coronary artery disease and heart failure.

There are several areas of treatment, and they are selected individually for each patient.

Cardinal surgery

This method involves heart transplantation. Only by replacing the organ can you cope with the symptoms and completely restore the supply of oxygen to the heart.

But such an operation is performed only on patients in whom most of the heart is damaged. Today, transplantation is a simple procedure; it is successfully performed in many countries. The main indicators for its implementation are:

All these activities will help the patient live several more years of life and not feel disabled.

Drug treatment

The use of medications depends on the severity of the manifestation of post-infarction cardiosclerosis, the ICD-10 code of which is I25.1. The selection of medications is made by the doctor specifically for each patient after he has undergone an examination. Most medications used to normalize heart function are characterized by the presence of a large number of undesirable manifestations; such drugs are rarely combined with other drugs. This is why self-medication can be harmful to health or cost the patient’s life.

To eliminate chronic heart failure, doctors use the following drugs:

• Inhibitors that affect the enzyme and activate the production of angiotensin II, thanks to this it is possible to reduce the load on the heart and effectively cope with the symptoms of the disease.
• Aldosterone antagonists block the hormone aldosterone, which is involved in the normalization of blood pressure, and have an effect on heart function, but it is worth remembering that these drugs do not combine well with ACE inhibitors and beta blockers.
• Beta blockers normalize the heart rhythm and reduce the risk of complications associated with these symptoms; in addition, they reduce the heart's need for oxygen. They are taken at first in a minimal dose.
• Cardiac glycosides help strengthen the contractions of the heart, which has a beneficial effect on the pumping function, but these medications should be taken with extreme caution.
• Diuretics are recommended for patients experiencing edema to help modify kidney function and increase urine output.

As symptoms appear, the doctor may constantly change the treatment for post-infarction cardiosclerosis ICD.

To prevent the formation of blood clots, antiplatelet drugs may be prescribed to thin the blood and prevent platelets from sticking together.

In addition, there are a lot of antiarrhythmic drugs that can eliminate heart rhythm disturbances for initial stages.

Preventive measures

The diagnosis of coronary artery disease post-infarction cardiosclerosis is a serious entry in the patient’s medical history. To maintain health and prevent complications, you need to constantly follow several important rules:

• eat a balanced diet, the diet should contain many vitamins and microelements, it is especially important to include foods rich in magnesium and potassium; eat 5-6 times in small portions;
• monitor body weight;
• avoid serious physical activity;
• get a good night's sleep and rest fully;
• no stress;
• consult a doctor in a timely manner if you have heart problems, and especially with myocardial infarction;
• study physical therapy;
• undergo regular examinations;
• Take daily walks in the fresh air, ventilate the room as often as possible;
• visit a massage therapist.

It is also important to exclude coffee and alcohol from the diet; you should avoid eating foods that excite the nervous and cardiac systems. These include cocoa, strong tea, fatty meat and fish.

For effective treatment post-infarction cardiosclerosis, the ICD-10 code of which is indicated above, you should avoid taking foods that lead to increased gas formation. These products include:

• radish;
• radish;
• cabbage;
• legumes

Reduce or eliminate the consumption of offal products, which lead to increased cholesterol in the blood. You should not eat smoked and spicy foods.

Forecast

The prognosis of survival for post-infarction cardiosclerosis (according to the ICD-10 disease code is indicated above) directly depends on where the changes are located and on the severity of the pathology.

If the left ventricle is affected by the disease, and blood flow has decreased by more than 20%, then there is a serious threat to health.

In this case, taking medications helps maintain the patient’s condition, but it will not be possible to recover completely. If a heart transplant is not performed, the prognosis is 5 years, no more.

Complications

If you leave post-infarction cardiosclerosis (in ICD-10 the disease is in the group called “Ischemic Heart Disease”) without attention and do not take any measures, the disease can provoke the development of the following complications:

• atrial fibrillation;
• a left ventricular aneurysm may occur, which provokes the development chronic form illness;
• blockades of various types;
• threat of thrombosis and thromboembolic symptoms;
• sick sinus syndrome;
• paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia;
• ventricular extrasystole;
• complete atrioventricular block;
• tamponade of the pericardial cavity.

The cause of death in post-infarction cardiosclerosis, the ICD-10 code of which you already know, may be the rupture of an aneurysm. Death can also occur due to asystole or cardiogenic shock.

Ventricular fibrillation can cause death; it consists of scattered contractions of myocardial bundles.

Cardiosclerosis is a serious disorder that, without proper treatment and constant monitoring, can lead to the death of the patient.

To date, no method has yet been created that would allow the patient to completely recover from the disease, but if you follow all the doctor’s recommendations and constantly monitor the condition, you can live for many more years without denying yourself anything special.

Better lead healthy image life and pay attention to the slightest problems in the body, so as not to lead to serious complications. It is possible to prevent heart disease, but, unfortunately, we only begin to think about it when the disease knocks on the door.

ICD-10 - coronary heart disease (l20–l25)

Coronary heart disease is one of the pathologies that are being diagnosed more and more often. Just two decades ago, IHD occurred predominantly in people over 50 years of age. According to statistics, today about 30% of patients diagnosed with cardiac ischemia are people over 35 years of age. The widespread prevalence of the disease and the risk to human life contributed to the fact that IHD is included in the ICD list under code 10.

Features of the disease

With coronary heart disease, chronic or acute dysfunction of the heart muscles is observed. A pathological process develops due to a lack of nutrients(especially oxygen) in the blood. Illnesses can cause illness blood vessels characterized by the formation of plaques or blood clots.

In advanced cases there is big risk that the patient will experience an ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction. Both pathological conditions are dangerous to human life.

ICD 10 code

Add to list International diseases Revision 10 (ICD Code 10) includes diseases that are very common and can lead to disability or death of a person. All diseases have a separate code according to ICD 10: IHD code l20–l25. The interval between L20–L25 includes diseases that are a complication of ischemia:

• ischemic stroke;
• post-infarction cardiosclerosis (PICS);
• myocardial infarction;
• angina pectoris;
• VKS (sudden coronary death).

All these pathological processes are constantly studied by medical specialists from all countries. To reduce the likelihood of complications, newer diagnostic and treatment methods are being developed.

Classification of IHD

Cardiac ischemia is classified in medicine according to the consequences of the development of the disease and characteristic features its manifestations.

1. Primary cardiac arrest (sudden coronary death). The condition occurs suddenly due to myocardial instability. A similar diagnosis is made when, within the first six hours after the incident, heart attack the heart instantly stops.
2. Angina pectoris. Develops due to insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. The pathology is characterized by pristiformes painful sensations V chest. There are: angina pectoris and spontaneous.
3. Painless myocardial ischemia. With asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, the patient does not notice signs of a heart attack. In most cases, a transient ischemic attack is not felt due to the high pain threshold of the victim.
4. Myocardial infarction. It occurs against the background of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia with immediate necrotic tissue damage due to blockage of the arteries.
5. Post-infarction cardiosclerosis (PICS). Complication after myocardial infarction. It is the result of overload of the heart muscles, which cannot cope with their main function.

In addition to the listed forms of cardiac ischemia, there is also “acute coronary syndrome”, in which several pathologies can be combined at once.

Complications

Consequences ischemic stroke can be different: from chronic heart failure to myocardial infarction. The most unfavorable outcome of chronic or long-term progressive ischemia is death.

In addition to the listed diseases and pathological conditions, cardiac ischemia can lead to brain damage. Chronic cerebral ischemia is a pathology that occurs against the background of impaired blood circulation. The disease is also included in the ICD list with code 10, as it poses a risk to human life.

The consequences of ischemic stroke in 40% of cases have a positive prognosis. However, such cases are possible with timely first aid, preliminary control over the state of the circulatory system and heart function, and also depending on the age of the victim. For patients over 70 years of age, the prognosis is usually negative.

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