Social studies test, section “Economics. Factors of production Select the correct judgments about factor income

Factor income is the profit that results from the exploitation of various resources or factors of production. These factors include labor, the income received from it is called wages, land rent, interest on capital, as well as entrepreneurial skills, which result in entrepreneurial profit. Profits from personal labor activity and farming also serve as factor income. They directly depend on the factors that are used in production to make a profit.

Basic moments

Any economic resource has its owner. They either consume them, or, what happens more often, sell them in markets, receiving income for it. Buyers of these resources (mostly firms or enterprises) pay for them from the income that they also receive for the resources. It follows that income is income from sales of products and other economic resources.

Types of factor income

There is a separate classification of this economic concept. Factor income is income coming from received resources or from factors of production. Their owners receive the following income:

Firms in economic life do not always have the opportunity to separate the listed types of factor income, because they are often combined with income from product sales.

Factor production and factor income are the basis of the activities of any organization and personal economy. To release and then sell products, you need a full range of tools and conditions. In other words, a number of factors of production are needed. In addition to the listed types, they also include information. IN last years it is one of the main factors and is gaining more and more popularity, since only that company is competitive, which has the opportunity to own fresh, truthful, relevant and complete information about the market.

In general, production factors include those objects that determine the possibilities of economic activity, as well as its effectiveness. In other words, this is something that production and sales of products cannot do without.

Basic theories

The main approaches to studying factor production and factor income:

• Marxist theory. This is a doctrine that identifies the following factors of production: labor or labor, objects of labor (parts, raw materials, materials), personal (experience, skills and knowledge) and material (tools) means of labor activity.
• Marginalist theory, which identifies factors such as labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurial ability.

Factors of production

Marginalist (or Western, neoclassical) theory identifies four groups of production factors. These include:

IN modern world highlight the fifth factor - information. This means its timely receipt and further use. Scientific and technological progress, culture, politics and social environment play an important role.

Factor income

Factor markets and factor incomes are closely interrelated with each other.

In market conditions, each factor of production is freely sold and bought in order to bring factor income to its owners. These include:

• Rent is the income generated by the land factor. Regular payments for the use of the owner's property. The owner himself does not need to make any effort to generate income. For example, rent for a plot or housing. A person who lives off rent is called a rentier.
• Interest is income from the capital factor. In other words, the return on the use of capital funds.
• Wages are income from the labor factor. It is payment to a hired worker for work.
• Profit is the income from the factor of entrepreneurial ability. If you subtract all expenses from total income, you get profit. Obtaining it is the goal of any organization and commercial company.

Functional distribution of factor income

Great interest in economic theory causes the problem of distribution and formation of factor income. If for the owners some factors of production are income, then for the buyer they are costs. If for the owners of the workforce wages are income, then for the organization they are production costs.

In a broad sense, net factor income is cash that are received as a result of economic activity per unit of time. Income is the result of the work of a company or enterprise, individual or society, expressed in monetary terms.

Types of income

Factor incomes are classified according to various criteria. Based on the recipient, the following income options are distinguished:

• population;
• enterprises;
• states;
• the whole society (national income).

The totality of these incomes determines the highest demand of society. Based on the amount of income received and actually available, they distinguish:

Factor income that enterprises receive from sales of manufactured products is distributed based on a certain dependence of production factors. Wages are formed thanks to invested labor, rent - cost land plot, which is used, interest or profit - the amount of capital used, and entrepreneurial income with the help of entrepreneurial abilities. These forms of factor income in a market economy act as prices of production factors.

Entrepreneurial income

This factor is considered as the final result of the distribution of the organization’s profit, as well as as a reward for the manifestation of entrepreneurial abilities.

Business income is understood as that part of the profit that remains at disposal after paying interest on the capital borrowed. Since the credit system began to develop, profits have been divided into business income and interest.

Entrepreneurial income implies:

• good profit, that is, decent remuneration for the entrepreneur, which is necessary to attract and maintain activities in the right direction;
• income that is received on top of normal profit, in other words, it is economic profit.

Profit

Profit is the main motive, as well as the main indicator of the effectiveness of each organization. In other words, profit as factor income is the goal of all production, towards which all resources are directed. Its source is the creative activity of the entrepreneur.

The formation of factor income occurs due to many factors, which include natural resources, human labor, information Technology and individual characteristics of the entrepreneur.

Factors of production are resources that participate in
process of production of goods and
services.

Information

Work

The answers to tasks 1–20 are a number, or a sequence of numbers, or a word (phrase). Write your answers in the fields to the right of the assignment number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.

1.Write down the word missing in the table.

Subsystems of the political system

2. Find a concept that generalizes all other concepts in the series below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.

1) subject of activity; 2) the purpose of the activity; 3) structure of activity; 4) means of activity; 5) object of activity.

3. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to sources of law.

1) law; 2) legal relationship; 3) judicial precedent; 4) the constitution of the country; 5) legislative body; 6) legal custom.

4. Choose the correct judgments about human activity and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The components of the structure of any activity are means, motives, emotions.

2. Cognitive activity, unlike communicative activity, involves the use of concepts and terms.

3. Culture is the result of transformative human activity.

4. Human activity, unlike the behavior of animals, is of a conscious, purposeful nature.

5. Labor activity is leading throughout a person’s life.

5. Establish a correspondence between the spheres of society and social institutions: For each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

6. In country N, factory production is developed. What other signs indicate that a country is developing as an industrial society? Write down the numbers under which these distinctive features are indicated.

1. computer technologies are being introduced

2. a class of industrial workers is formed

3. religion has a significant influence on the development of society

4. there is a division of labor

5. Agriculture is developing at an accelerated pace

6. there is a concentration of production

7. Select the correct judgments about factors of production and factor income and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Factors of production include the organizational and legal form of the enterprise.

2. Income from capital is rent.

3. Entrepreneurial ability is one of the factors of production.

4. The importance of labor as a factor of production in modern conditions is decreasing.

5. Capital as a factor of production includes machinery and equipment.

8. Establish a correspondence between the forms of commercial enterprises and their characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

9. Citizen A. is the owner of a dacha. Every year he pays tax on this property. What else, besides property tax, refers to direct taxes? Select the required items from the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. inheritance tax

2. excise tax

3. personal income tax

4. customs duty

5. income tax

6. sales tax

10. The graph shows the situation in the hairdressing services market: the supply line S has moved to a new position - S 1 (P is the price of the product, Q is the quantity of the product).

Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. expansion of the network of hairdressing salons

2. new fashion trends in hairstyles

3. tax reduction for small businesses

4. using new hair care products

5. change in income tax rate

11. Choose the correct judgments about ethnic communities and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. A type of ethnic group is a nationality.

2. The emergence of nations preceded the emergence of the state.

3. The basis of an ethnic community is the unity of class interests.

4. Distinguish between ethnic and civil understanding of the nation.

5. People’s awareness of the commonality of their historical destinies helps to unite the people into a nation.

12. Scientists surveyed a group of 45-year-old residents of country Z. Women and men were asked the question: “Why is the educational potential of the family declining?” The survey results are presented in a histogram.

What conclusions can be drawn from the results obtained? Select the required items from the list and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Men and women are unanimous in identifying the main factor that reduces the educational potential of the family.

2. Men in to a greater extent than women, they feel a lack of knowledge necessary to raise children.

3. Poor relationships between parents as a reason for the decline in the educational potential of the family are underestimated by those surveyed.

4. Women evaluate the interference of relatives in raising children more negatively than men.

5. When assessing various factors influencing the upbringing of children, men attach importance to family composition to a lesser extent than women.

13. Choose the correct judgments about political regimes and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

2. A democratic political regime presupposes guarantees of human rights and freedoms.

3. Constitutions exist only in countries with a democratic system.

4. The establishment of parliamentarism began in modern times.

5. Characteristic feature totalitarianism is the merging of the state and the ruling party.

14. Establish a correspondence between the chambers of the Federal Assembly and their functions and powers: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

15.In state Z, the president is elected by members of both houses of parliament. Which Additional Information indicates that state Z is a parliamentary republic? Select the required items from the list and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Parliament is a permanent body.

2. Parliament can dismiss the government.

3. The government is responsible to the president.

4. The head of government becomes the leader of the party that wins the parliamentary elections.

5. Parliament is elected on the basis of universal and equal suffrage.

6. The main function of the government is to develop and pass laws.

16. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, judges are independent and subordinate only

2. federal law

3. To the President

4. To the government

5. Constitution of the Russian Federation

6. To the Prosecutor General

17. Establish a correspondence between law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation and the given functions

18. Who is a participant in criminal proceedings on the part of the defense? Choose the correct positions and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. investigator

2. prosecutor

3. lawyer

4. victim

5. suspect

6. body of inquiry

19. Read the text below, each position of which is indicated by a specific letter.

(A) Socialization is the process of a person’s assimilation of cultural values ​​and social norms. (B) Unfortunately, traditional institutions of socialization are reducing their importance in modern society. (B) Modern schoolchildren, according to sociologists, devote more and more time to virtual communication in social networks. (D) Research shows that a growing number of people have difficulty making real connections. (D) Efforts aimed at increasing the role of family and school as institutions of socialization will undoubtedly play a positive role.

Determine which text provisions have

1. factual nature

2. the nature of value judgments

3. the nature of theoretical statements

Write down the numbers under the corresponding letters.

20. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“Any society is a collection of elements. They can be individuals, ____ (A) and communities. A certain order of connections between elements of society is called social _____ (B). It is characterized by the inequality of positions that its elements occupy. This inequality is expressed in the concept of _____ (B). The combination of features that determine social status in the social hierarchy is called the social position index. It primarily includes: income, prestige, _____ (G), education. Each of these indicators can be measured. Thus, income is expressed by the amount of _____ (D) received by an individual or family in a certain period of time. The prestige of public _____ (E) depends on one or another status.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

2. profession

3. stratification

6. differentiation

8. structure

Subsystems of the political system

2. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts in the series presented below, and write down the number under which it is indicated.

1) subject of activity; 2) the purpose of the activity; 3) structure of activity; 4) means of activity; 5) object of activity.

3. Choose the correct judgments about human activity and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1) The components of the structure of any activity are means, motives, emotions.

2) Cognitive activity in contrast to

communicative involves the use of concepts and terms.

3) Culture is the result of human transformative activity.

4) Human activity, unlike the behavior of animals, is of a conscious, purposeful nature.

5) Labor activity is leading throughout a person’s life.

4. Establish a correspondence between the spheres of society’s life and social institutions: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

5. Factory production is developed in country H. What other signs indicate that a country is developing as an industrial society? Write down the numbers under which these distinctive features are indicated.

1) computer technologies are being introduced

2) a class of industrial workers is being formed

3) religion has a significant influence on the development of society

4) there is a division of labor

5) agriculture is developing at an accelerated pace

6) there is a concentration of production.

6. Select the correct judgments about factors of production and factor income and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1) Factors of production include the organizational and legal form of the enterprise.

2) Income from capital is rent.

3) Entrepreneurial ability is one of the factors of production.

4) The importance of labor as a factor of production in modern conditions is decreasing.

5) Capital as a factor of production includes machinery and equipment.

7. Establish a correspondence between the forms of commercial enterprises and their characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

8. Citizen A. is the owner of a dacha. Every year he pays tax on this property. What else, besides property tax, refers to direct taxes? Select the required items from the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) inheritance tax

2) excise tax

3) personal income tax

4) customs duty

5) income tax

6) sales tax

9. The graph shows the situation on the hairdressing services market: the supply line S has moved to a new position - Si (P - the price of the product, Q - quantity of goods).

Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1) expansion of the network of hairdressing salons

2) new fashion trends in hairstyles

3) reduction of taxes on small businesses

4) use of new hair care products

5) change in income tax rate

The answers to tasks 1–20 are a number, or a sequence of numbers, or a word (phrase). Write your answers in the fields to the right of the assignment number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.

1

Write down the word missing in the table.

Characteristics of human qualities

2

In the given series, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts presented. Write down this word (phrase).

Monarchy; republic; democracy; form of government; form of state.

3

Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, are methods scientific knowledge peace.

1) expressing an opinion, 2) direct observation, 3) conducting an experiment, 4) mental modeling, 5) retelling a text, 6) empirical description.

Find two terms that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

4

Select the correct judgments about cognition and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The sensory stage of cognition is characterized by the reproduction of external aspects and properties of objects.

2. Thanks to sensations, the general, essential information about the subject is highlighted.

3. Sensory cognition and rational cognition are interconnected.

4. Rational knowledge allows us to identify essential features, connections, patterns, laws.

5. Forms of rational knowledge are sensations, perceptions, and ideas.

5

Establish a correspondence between the facts, characteristics and types of societies: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

6

Rimma is preparing for a trip to Spain. She studies Spanish, reads books about the history and culture of Spain, and communicates with experts in Spanish art on online forums. She has already planned her travel route and purchased a ticket. Find in the list below examples of the means used by Rimma to achieve the goal, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. learning Spanish

2. purchase of a tourist package

3. interest in communicating on the Internet

4. reading books about Spain

5. experts in Spanish art

6. travel around Spain

7

Select the correct judgments about factor income and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Profit is the excess of all the company’s income over its costs.

2. Factor income includes supply and demand.

3. Factor incomes are the resources used by people to create the goods of life.

4. Factor income from labor is called wages.

5. Rent is factor income from the use of land.

8

Match the examples with the economic growth factors they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

9

Company Y provides cleaning services. Find examples of firm Y's short-run fixed costs in the list below and write down the numbers under which they appear.

1. acquisition costs detergents

2. rent for the company office

3. costs of paying salaries to administrative employees

4. costs of repaying interest on a previously taken loan

5. costs of paying piecework wages to workers

6. payment for consumed electricity

10

The graph shows the situation on the home furniture market. Which of the following could cause the supply curve S to shift to position S 1 ? (On the graph, P is the price of the product; Q is the quantity of the product).

1. Bad customer reviews

2. increase in the number of furniture manufacturers

3. shortage of wood for furniture production

4. Decrease in consumer income

5. increase in housing construction volumes

11

Choose the correct statements about social control and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Informal social control is carried out by applying only positive sanctions.

2. Social control is necessary to maintain the stability of social life.

3. Depending on the nature of the sanctions, it is customary to distinguish between progressive and regressive social control.

4. Social control includes a set of methods and techniques that guarantee the fulfillment of role requirements for an individual.

5. Social control ensures compliance with certain conditions, the violation of which harms the functioning of the social system. I

12

Scientists studied the consumer behavior of residents of countries Z and Y during the economic crisis. The histogram shows data (as a percentage of the number of respondents) on how consumer demand changed during the year.

Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn based on the diagram and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The share of those who began to buy cheaper products is greater in country Z than in country Y.

2. Equal shares of respondents in both countries noted that they refused to purchase some products.

3. Share of those who started buying fewer products, in country Z more than in country Y.

4. Among those surveyed in country Z, the share of those who refused to purchase some products is greater than the share of those who believed that the crisis did not affect consumer demand.

5. Among respondents in country Y, the share of those who began to buy fewer products is greater than the share of those who buy cheaper products.

13

Choose the correct statements about electoral systems and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The electoral system is a special political institution associated with the organization of elections of politicians, the method of conducting voting and determining its results, as well as the distribution of mandates between parties.

2. Only political parties.

3. Any electoral system requires universal direct open voting.

4. Scientists distinguish between proportional and majoritarian electoral systems.

5. Electoral systems In democratic states, elections must be held in two rounds.

14

Establish a correspondence between the powers and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation exercising these powers: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

15

Legislative power in state Z is exercised by parliament. Find in the list below the characteristics of the form of state (territorial) structure of state Z and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. the country has a Constitution

2. Parliament has a bicameral structure

3. territorial subjects of the state have the right to adopt their own Constitution

4. State Z is divided into territorial units with a certain political independence

5. Parliament at its meeting elects the head of state

6. citizens have full rights and freedoms

16

Which of the following belongs to the group of political rights of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. right of access to any public office

2. the right to vote and be elected

3. the right to protection of honor and good name

4. right to freedom and security of person

5. the right to contact government authorities

17

Choose the correct judgments about the legal system. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. A branch of law is a relatively independent division of the legal system, consisting of legal norms regulating a qualitatively specific type of social relations.

2. Legal norms are characterized by strict hierarchy and subordination.

3. Branches of procedural law establish the procedure for applying legal norms.

4. Administrative law regulates property, as well as related and unrelated non-property relations.

5. Civil law refers to the branches of public law.

18

Establish a correspondence between the examples and measures of legal liability in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

19

Irina claims to inherit according to the will of her deceased brother. Julia, the daughter of the deceased, refused to allocate the corresponding share to her aunt. Irina went to court. Find in the list the positions that correspond to the legal solution to the conflict described, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

2. defendant

3. labor law

4. internal affairs bodies

5. civil proceedings

6. Criminal Procedure Code

Read the text below, which contains a number of missing words. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

20

“Social ________ (A) reflects social difference, inequality and, in accordance with this, the position of people in society. In primitive society________(B) was insignificant. In modern societies, the social status of a social group depends on the size of ________ (B), level of education, access to power, ________ (D) position occupied. This is how castes arose, then estates, and later classes. In some societies, moving from one social________(D) to another is prohibited. There are societies where such a transition is limited, and there are societies where it is completely permitted. Freedom of social________(E) determines what kind of society is - closed or open.”

The words (phrases) in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can be used only once.

Select one word (phrase) after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words (phrases) in the list than you will need to fill in the gaps.

List of terms:

1. mobility

2. privileges

3. responsibilities

7. bundle

9. stratification

Part 2.

First write down the number of the task (28, 29, etc.), and then a detailed answer to it. Write down your answers clearly and legibly.

Read the text and complete tasks 21-24.

Legal awareness is the attitude of people towards the law...

The key point of legal consciousness is people’s awareness of the values ​​of law and, at the same time, the idea of ​​the current positive law, the extent to which it corresponds to the requirements of reason and justice, legal values ​​and ideals. There are different legal consciousnesses: scientific, professional, everyday, as well as mass, group, and individual. These varieties of legal consciousness influence differently - but they all influence! - on the perfection of legislation, the efficiency of the court, all law enforcement agencies, on the extent to which the country's citizens are law-abiding, voluntarily, strictly, accurately comply with the norms of positive law, what legal requirements they put forward.

Among the types and forms of legal consciousness, it is precisely legal ideology that stands out - an active part of legal consciousness that directly influences legislation, legal practice and therefore is part of the national legal system of the country...

In connection with legal consciousness and legal ideology - briefly about legal culture. Legal culture is general state"legal affairs" in society, i.e. the state of legislation, the regulations and work of the court, all law enforcement agencies, the legal consciousness of the entire population of the country, expressing the level of development of law and legal consciousness, their place in the life of society, the assimilation of legal values, their implementation in practice, the implementation of the requirements of the rule of law. One of the indicators of legal culture is the legal education of each person, i.e. proper, high level legal consciousness, manifested not only in obedience to the law, but also in legal activity, in the full and effective use of legal means in practical activities, in the desire to establish legal principles in any matter as highest values civilization. Legal culture is a broader and more capacious phenomenon than just the appropriate level of legal consciousness; the main thing in legal culture is the high development of the entire legal system, the worthy place of law in the life of society, the implementation of its supremacy and the corresponding state of affairs in the entire “legal economy” of the country (training and status of legal personnel, the role of legal services in all departments state system, position of the legal profession, development scientific institutions on legal issues, level of legal education, etc.).

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The correct answer should include the following elements:

1) answer to question, for example: this is the general state of “legal affairs” in society;

2) four manifestations of legal education, For example:

Law-abiding;

Legal activism;

Full and effective use of legal means in practical activities;

The desire in any matter to establish legal principles as the highest values ​​of civilization.

Elements of the answer can be given in other, similar in meaning formulations

Show answer

The correct answer must be given answers to three questions:

1) answer to the first question: legal consciousness is the attitude of people to the law;

2) answer to the second question: the key point of legal consciousness is people’s awareness of the values ​​of law and at the same time ideas about the current positive law, about how well it corresponds to the requirements of reason and justice, legal values ​​and ideals;

3) answer to the third question(varieties): mass, group, individual.

Elements of the answer can be given in other, similar in meaning formulations

Give three examples illustrating the influence of legal consciousness on the law-abiding behavior of citizens.

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The correct answer may include the following: examples.

1) Andrey learned about changes to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, got acquainted with the new edition of the articles that interested him, and now he complies with them when driving his car.

2) Makar is an entrepreneur; when making transactions and concluding contracts, he strictly follows the norms of civil law, since he believes that the law cannot be broken under any circumstances.

3) Ivan considered that he was illegally fired from his job and filed a lawsuit. Other examples may be given

How can the affirmation of the value of natural human rights in legal ideology affect the legal system of society? Using the text and social studies knowledge, make three guesses.

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The following can be said assumptions.

The affirmation in legal ideology of the value of natural human rights can affect the legal system of society in the following way:

1) laws will be adopted to protect human rights;

2) conditions will be created for the development of mutual responsibility of the citizen and the state;

3) conditions will be created for the implementation of the principle of the rule of law, for compliance with laws by all subjects of law.

Other relevant assumptions may be made

What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “power”? Using knowledge from a social science course, make up two sentences: one sentence containing information about the legitimacy of government, and one sentence revealing the features of government power.

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The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) meaning of the concept, for example: power is the opportunity and ability to impose one’s will, to influence the activities and behavior of other people, even despite their resistance;

(Another, similar definition or explanation of the meaning of the concept may be given.)

2) one sentence with information about the legitimacy of power, based on knowledge of the course, for example: The legitimacy of power is manifested in the willingness of citizens to obey it.;

(Another sentence may be composed containing information about the legitimacy of the government.)

3) one sentence, which, based on course knowledge, reveals the features of state power, for example: State power addresses the entire society and has the most wide range resources.

(Another sentence may be drawn up that reveals the features of government power.)

Name and illustrate with specific examples any three ways to combat unemployment.

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The following can be named and illustrated by examples: ways:

1) retraining and requalification of specialists (for example, when public service employment, retraining courses in civilian specialties have been opened for officers dismissed due to a reduction in the number of armed forces);

2) creating conditions for self-employment (for example, special lending programs for citizens who want to start their own business);

3) implementation of programs to support young workers and workers with disabilities (for example, providing firms in which these categories of workers make up a certain proportion, tax benefits);

4) creating conditions for reducing labor supply (for example, some expansion of categories of the population eligible for early retirement).

Other examples can be given, other methods named and illustrated with examples

When applying for a job, Elena Alekseevna filled out a form in which she indicated that she was a specialist with an average vocational education, comes from a working-class family, divorced, has three children. Name one prescribed and two achieved statuses of Elena Alekseevna, which she noted in the questionnaire. Using the example of one of the named achieved statuses, indicate the status rights and responsibilities.

One of the options for covering this topic

1. Religion as one of the forms of culture.

2. Functions of religion:

a) regulatory;

b) ideological;

c) compensatory;

d) educational;

e) integration;

f) cultural, etc.

3. Diversity of religions in the modern world:

a) archaic religions;

b) national religions;

c) world religions.

4. Features of world religions.

5. The principle of freedom of conscience.

6. Changing attitudes towards religion in modern society.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominative, question or mixed forms

By completing task 29, you can demonstrate your knowledge and skills on the content that is more attractive to you. For this purpose, select only ONE of the statements below (29.1-29.5).

Choose one of the statements suggested below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).

When expressing your thoughts about the raised problem (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use the knowledge gained from studying the social studies course, relevant concepts, as well as facts of social life and your own life experience. (Give at least two examples from different sources for factual argumentation.)

29.1. Philosophy“The completeness of knowledge always means some lack of understanding of the depth of our ignorance.” (R. Milliken)

29.2. Economy“Inflation is a form of taxation that does not require legislative approval.” (M. Friedman)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology“There are many ways to make a career, but the surest one is to be born into the right family.” (D. Trump)

29.4. Political science“A person’s freedom begins from the moment when the laws adopted in the state in which he lives come into force.” (K. Jaspers)

29.5. Jurisprudence“It is impossible to take a single step on this earth without coming into contact with a responsibility and a duty that must be fulfilled.” (T. Carlyle)