Average life expectancy as an object of statistical research. Average life expectancy. Life expectancy statistics in Russia Average life expectancy

The most different means The media systematically report a constant decrease in average life expectancy. The indicators, I must say, are not encouraging. A particularly low figure is cited for men - 57-59 years old. After becoming acquainted with such indicators, older people should feel that their life span has already been exhausted.

First of all, it should be noted that the given values ​​​​relate to a demographic indicator, the full and correct name of which is average life expectancy. Expected or implied, but in no way limited to a specified number of years for each person, nor is it guaranteed. Statistics do not predict or promise a certain life expectancy. The calculation of the indicator is based on probability theory, the construction of mortality tables and is calculated as the ratio between the number of deaths at certain ages at a certain moment. This point is usually the year preceding the year in which the count is made. The published indicators do not refer to the life expectancy of people who have already lived some part of their lives, but only to newborns or those born in a given year, and then provided that the mortality rates in their future life will remain the same as in the accounting year.

Each age has its own indicators. For example, the demographic directory “World Population” reports that the average life expectancy of men in the 80s. was 64-65 years old, but for those who reached this age, the expected lifespan was another 12.5 years (that is, until 76-78 years old), while those over 75 years old were likely to live another 7-10 years . Even 100-year-olds have no hope of living at least one or two more years.

For newborns, the given figure for the expected life expectancy (for brevity - average life expectancy) is not mandatory, because during the life of the new generation it will undergo significant changes, either increasing under favorable circumstances, or, on the contrary, decreasing. This indicator characterizes expected, the probable lifespan not of an individual, but of the entire generation as a whole. This is not the average age of those living, nor is it the average age of those who died in a given year. So statements like: “Men now live with us for only 57 years” are absolutely incorrect.

It should be noted that since this indicator is probabilistic in nature, there may be differences in the numerical expression of the value among different authors, which is explained by differences in the calculation methods they chose. About twenty years ago, a lot of forecasts appeared for the year 2000, including regarding life expectancy, and on this problem, perhaps, more judgments were made than on all other parameters of society.

If you compare the numbers that sounded then with today, they are strikingly different from each other. At the same time, the adjustment was always going downward. Yes, gerontologist V. V. Frolkis in the book “Aging and Longevity,” published in 1988, he wrote: “Demographers are not unanimous in their forecasts. B. Ts. Urlanis believes that the average life expectancy in our country by the year 2000 will reach 76 years. Other data is provided by M. S. Bedny. According to his “optimistic version”, the average life expectancy of men in 2000 will be equal to 77.4, women - 80.3 years. A.V. Boyarsky at the International Congress of Demographers determined the average life expectancy in 2000 to be 85 years.” Now, when there is very little left until the year 2000, the unreality of such predictions has become visible, life has made negative adjustments. Not only domestic researchers were mistaken, but also UN experts who predicted the average life expectancy in the USSR by 2000 would be 74.6 years.

To finally clarify and try to dispel the fears fueled by the thoughtless use of scientific information, here is a strict definition of average life expectancy:

Average expected life expectancy is the number of years that, on average, a given generation of births (peers of a certain age) will live, provided that throughout the subsequent life in each age group the mortality rate will be the same as it was for the population of this age in years of compilation of the mortality table.

And one more important note. The average life expectancy should not be confused with the median age of the deceased, that is, the age at which the maximum number of deaths occurs in a given generation. Average age of deaths depends on the age structure of the population: it is clear that in a type B structure the average age of the deceased will be much higher than in a type A structure.

Within the framework of the UN Program, a human development index has been developed, or, as journalists have dubbed it, "index happiness." Its creation is an attempt to redefine the concept of economic growth (development for people, not people for development). Both the calculation of the index and the index itself have caused a lot of controversy. But what is important for our discussion is that it is calculated based on three indicators: gross national (or domestic) product per capita, level of education and life expectancy at birth.

In accordance with this index, more than 170 countries of the world were analyzed and a table was compiled; Russia took 37th place. The table shows that average life expectancy varies greatly across countries and continents. In most European countries and the USA it is 76-77 years old, in Japan this figure is even higher - 79-82 years old, in a number of other countries it ranges between 42-45 years old. These are Guinea-Bissau, Zambia, Afghanistan, etc. It is significant that in countries with a low educational level, life expectancy is low. It depends, of course, not only on the level of education or the size of the per capita national product, but all these quantities are interconnected, and a change in the value of one of them “pulls” the others with it. Life expectancy is determined by the interaction of socio-economic and political factors.

In the mid-60s. In Russia and the USA, life expectancy was approximately the same. A significant gap has emerged in the last fifteen years. Paradoxically, But With a shorter life expectancy, the share of older people in the total population in Russia is higher than in the United States.

Changes in average life expectancy (in years) in Russia and the USA can be seen from the following table:

According to data from the Population and Society newsletter (No. 7, 1995), in 1995 the average life expectancy (in years) in European countries was:

As is clear from the table, the life expectancy of Russian women is lower European values, but higher than the world ones, while for Russian men this indicator is lower than both the European and world ones.

According to recent studies, the differences in life expectancy among men in the two countries are especially significant: among Russians - 57-58 years; Americans are 73-74 years old.

The standard of living is determined by several indicators. One of the most important is average life expectancy. In Russia it is not so high, but in the last decade there has been a positive trend. How is the average life expectancy (average age) calculated? What forecasts do experts make?

What is average life expectancy

Average life expectancy (ALS) is one of the most important demographic indicators. It characterizes the mortality rate of the population of a particular territory. In other words, life expectancy shows how long people live on average from birth to death.

Average age of life and average life expectancy are equivalent concepts.

How is the indicator calculated?

The life expectancy value is calculated according to the laws of probability theory. Calculations are made for a specific year, taking into account the fact that mortality in all age groups remains at the same level as at the time of the research. However, even with this assumption the indicator remains stable. The basis is taken from the records of people who died during the year, and then the total number is divided by gender and the number of full years lived. The methodology for calculating life expectancy in Russia covers population groups aged 0–110 years (0–1 years, 1–2, 2–3…109–110). The arithmetic averages of mortality in groups are an intermediate result for further calculations. Thus, life expectancy is determined according to a stepwise scheme.

What is the average life expectancy of people in Russia

Life expectancy in Russia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was approximately 32 years. It was 6–7 years lower than in Europe due to the Spanish flu epidemics and typhoid fever.

Dynamics since the beginning of the twentieth century, the main reasons for the decrease and increase in life expectancy

Despite revolutions and wars, from 1900 to 1920 life expectancy grew steadily. By 1926–1927 for men it was 40 years, and for women 45 years, and by 1940 - 40.4 and 46.7 years, respectively. This became possible thanks to the systematic and planned nature of the health care system, which resulted in a reduction in child mortality. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the indicator was already at 63.7 and 72.3 years for men and women, respectively, which was quite comparable to the average life expectancy of citizens of European countries and the United States.

Thus, from the beginning of the 20th century to 1965, the life expectancy increased by 2.3 times. This was the result of the development of the healthcare and medical system, increasing the well-being of the population and improving working, leisure and living conditions.

From 1965 to 1995, the figure begins to gradually decline from 69 to 64 years. At the same time, the difference in life expectancy between women and men was about 11 years. The reason for this was a decrease in the birth rate, perestroika reforms and the economic crisis in the 1990s, the collapse of the health care system and an increase in infant mortality.

Since 1997, the life expectancy begins to grow slowly. According to experts, this is due to the fact that the population has adapted to changed living conditions. At the same time, men began to live on average 13.5 years less than women. Since 2006, men began to live to retirement age. By 2015, life expectancy was 71 years (65 years for men and 76 for women). This value of the indicator is due to an increase in budgetary funding for healthcare, an increase in living standards and an increase in the birth rate.

Current life expectancy statistics in Russia can be found on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat).

Table: how the average life expectancy in Russia has changed

Table: Life expectancy of men and women in Russia by region (current data for 2013)

Features of cities and rural areas

In many small towns health care remains inaccessible. Average life expectancy in the Russian Federation is increasing due to “successful” regions. But in regions that are underfunded or where the budget is not balanced, there are also demographic problems.

Video: life expectancy in Russia in numbers and graphs

Comparative analysis of the average age of life in Russia and the world

According to preliminary data, in 2015 Russia ranked 110th in the world ranking of average life expectancy.

Life expectancy in Russia has remained quite low for several decades in a row. In developed countries such as Japan, Singapore, France, Australia, Sweden, Iceland, Canada, Italy, this indicator is more than 80 years. Accordingly, at the moment, the life expectancy rate in Russia, compared to European countries, lags behind by almost 10 years. However, in the 60–70s of the last century it was almost equal.

Countries where life expectancy is higher than in the Russian Federation:

If we talk about the former socialist states in Central and Eastern Europe, then the life expectancy here is:

This is almost 3–5 years higher than in Russia.

But in other countries the indicator is almost equal to the Russian one:

In the CIS, the SJW is different. So, in Belarus and Uzbekistan it is the same as in Russia, and in other countries, for example, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, it is 2–3 years longer.

Why is life expectancy low in Russia?

The magnitude of this indicator is largely determined by the mortality rate, which has remained high for many years. This phenomenon is not observed in prosperous countries, in particular Western European ones. The level also influences economic development(43rd place in the world), education (40), real income of the population (55), index social development(65). Therefore, in terms of life expectancy, Russia lags significantly behind even some underdeveloped countries.

Video: how long do people live in different countries and on average around the world

Prospects for the Russian Federation

The demographic situation in Russia strongly depends on factors and processes that occur in society. How will average life expectancy change in the coming years?

According to Rosstat forecasts, the figure will grow steadily and reach at least 73 years by 2030. More detailed data is presented in the table below.

UN experts, based on research from 2010, claim that by 2035 the life expectancy will reach 73 years, and by the beginning of the new century it will be higher than 81 years. At the same time, the gap in life expectancy between men and women should decrease from 13 to 6 years. Experts in their forecasts took into account the high mortality rate both in infancy and middle age.

Prime Minister of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev notes that in 2015, life expectancy reached a historical maximum, taking into account Soviet period. And by 2020 it should grow to 74 years. Such changes are due to a decrease in maternal and infant mortality, a decrease in alcohol consumption and an improvement in the quality of medical services.

Despite this, the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber, T. A. Golikova, in her report in 2016, stated that the growth of SPV is an unsustainable trend. The reason is the large gap in the standard of living (and, consequently, its duration) in cities and villages, prosperous and lagging regions. Over the years, the situation will only get worse if timely measures are not taken.

Thus, the average life expectancy depends on many social and economic factors. If the standard and quality of life improve, Russians will live longer.

Video: The Ministry of Health told how to combat mortality and increase life expectancy

Table: Rosstat forecast for life expectancy in Russia until 2030

Average or life expectancy is an important indicator. In Russia in 2015 it was 71 years (66 years for men and 76 years for women). According to Rosstat forecasts, by 2030 the figure should increase to 74 years.

Each country consists of a certain number of centenarians and the vast majority of people who die at approximately the same age limits. Statistical indicators regarding life expectancy of residents in different countries the world can answer many questions and understand what needs to be done to improve these indicators. All people strive to live long, and no one wants to die prematurely.

Life expectancy statistics

Every year, the average life expectancy of Russians and representatives of other countries changes, and therefore is not a constant value. This is due to factors influencing statistical indicators.

The maximum human lifespan has been determined. According to statistics, the maximum age limit for a person at the moment is 125 years.

Statistics conducted every year reveal not only the factors that influence the overall life expectancy of people. It also shows the level of social development of countries around the world. Using data analysis, the average life expectancy is determined. This allows us to build ways to increase the age of the population.

Factors influencing statistics:

• infant mortality;
• living conditions of class-disparate countries;
• infectious diseases;
• military conflicts;
• hunger;
• level of violence;
• state of medicine;
• ecology;
• epidemics;
• biological processes of population aging at the cellular level.

How long do people live in Russia?

As of 2016, the average life expectancy in Russia is 72.1 years. Women can live up to 77.3 years, according to average statistics. Men live up to 67 years of age.

Table. Dynamics of life expectancy in Russia.

Data: cbsd.gks.ru.

The increase in the average life expectancy of Russians was influenced by various factors. The level of medical care has increased. More and more Russian people began to get vaccinated against dangerous diseases. The use of new generation antibiotics has led to a decrease in overall mortality from dangerous diseases or their consequences. Development of community health programs, instilling a sports spirit and people’s interest in healthy way life, had a significant positive influence.

Today, the Russian Federation has overtaken Nepal, Uzbekistan, Bhutan and Laos. But this fact can hardly be called positive, since previously Russia was in 88th place, and today it is in 129th among countries with the maximum life expectancy.

This drop in positions is due to the growing number of people infected with HIV. Also, the decline in the economy has increased the number of poor Russians. They do not have access to basic medical care. They are forced to eat poor quality food. The economic crisis not only reduced the cost of living, but also led to a reduction in pension assistance. This has had a catastrophic impact on the elderly population. The lack of money has led to an increase in the number of people addicted to alcohol.

The situation in the regions of Russia

Optimistic indicators, however, do not reveal an objective picture by region. So what is it like? In the Pskov region, people live up to approximately 66 years. This figure is very far from the general statistical one. There is a trend towards a decrease in the life expectancy of people living in rural areas, villages, and small towns. This is due to a decrease in medical sponsorship in these parts of the country. The economic crisis and corruption have led to a significant reduction in financial support for hospitals and clinics and a reduction in hospital beds. Also, prices for vital medications continue to rise steadily. All this leads to a decrease in lifespan.

However, regions where, due to climate, summers are much longer and warmer, show better results. This is due to the ability of people to get vitamins from vegetables grown in their garden beds. Mountain and sea air allow you to stay healthy longer.

Table. Life expectancy at birth by regions of Russia (2016 data).

Data: cbsd.gks.ru.

Endemic alcoholism among residents of rural settlements significantly increases mortality in early age. Lower prices for alcohol and higher prices for food provoke rural residents to take up alcohol. For some, alcohol is cheaper than food. Family alcoholism is on the rise, and public health is declining. Failure to receive timely treatment leads to premature deaths.

Life length statistics in the world

In the world, life expectancy is determined by the same factors as in Russia. It is noticeable that in developed countries the maximum age of people is increasing, refuting the concept of the aging of a nation as such. The best indicators are shown by Hong Kong and Japan. People live there until they are 84 years old. Singapore shows 83 years old. European countries such as Italy, Switzerland, Spain and France show 83-82 years. Australia, Iceland, Israel, Sweden and Canada have roughly the same numbers. It's connected with high technology in the field of medicine, the general culture of lifestyle, climate, nutrition and emotional satisfaction of the inhabitants of these countries.

At the end of the planet are the countries of South Africa. In Swaziland, people barely live to be 49 years old.

What was it like in the 18th and 19th centuries?

In the Middle Ages, a person lived up to 30 years, and this was the norm. Medicine has just begun to develop at least somehow. Russians lived the longest. Women lived until they were 30, and men until they were 21. Residents of Scandinavia in the 19th century died at 22 years old.

There were a lot of deaths among children. Many of them did not live to be five years old, and infants often died. There was no obstetrics then, and midwives took care of women in labor. Some women couldn't afford even that. Mid 18th-19th centuries. Today seems like a dark time. People died from influenza epidemics intestinal infections, common cold. All medicine in the Middle Ages, by and large, relied on folk remedies treatment.

How to improve performance?

Humanity is constantly wondering how to increase life expectancy, contrary to the theory of human aging. This can be done by improving the economic situation. Also increasing the level of education, instilling personal responsibility for life and health, improving the quality of food, an active lifestyle, improving the general emotional background and programming people for longevity. Take care of your health right now. Perhaps these anti-aging medications can help you.

Conclusion

The average life expectancy of people is a statistic that can answer many questions about how to increase these indicators. It helps to understand what people lack in order to live longer, what needs to be adjusted.

“The 3-day downpour that hit the students’ tent camp did more to improve the demographic situation in the Russian Federation than the president’s 5-year program,” our country has always been able to treat complex issues with humor.

Laughter and laughter, but the average life expectancy in Russia has been under strong pressure circumstances. Wars, revolutions, economic crises, problems in the social sphere - all this equally affects the longevity of citizens and reduces the standard of living of the population.

In this article, we will dive into the terms, understand how the indicator is calculated, find out where in Russia life expectancy is the longest and where it is short, why men live less than women, consider the issue through the prism of time and comparison with other countries of the world, and also study what measures is the state taking to increase the average life expectancy of Russians.

Let's understand the terminology

Let's start with the fact that you can come across two terms:

• Life expectancy - life expectancy;
• Life expectancy - average life expectancy.

In their meaning they are identical. The first definition came to us from in English, where it reads “life expectancy”. Over time, for ease of comparison with Western terminology, this particular option became more common in the scientific community and, as a result, in everyday use.

Average life expectancy in the Russian Federation is considered one of the key integral indicators in the country’s demography, which characterizes the mortality rate of the population.

The point is this: based on the mortality statistics of previous generations, it is estimated how long a person can hypothetically live. Both newborns and people of a certain age can be taken for calculation. For example, how long will today's 18-year-olds live? But traditionally, “expected” means life expectancy at the age of 0 years, i.e. at birth.

Calculation method – let’s clarify

Some sources claim that life expectancy is an indicator of the average age of citizens who died in 1 calendar year. But this is not true! Indeed, the calculations are based on mortality statistics for each year provided by the registry offices to Rosstat.

The final figures are calculated by compiling complete life tables. In some cases, there may be a coincidence with the average age of the deceased, but nothing more than a coincidence.

The calculation takes into account age groups from 0 to 110 years. First, the arithmetic mean mortality rates for each age are calculated. Then, using mathematical formulas, the overall indicator is calculated step by step. You can familiarize yourself with the methodology and formulas in the textbook by L.L. Rybakovsky.

Chronology: from the king to the present day

Our country is distinguished not only by its breadth, but also rich history. Let's look at how life expectancy in Russia changed over the years and in individual historical periods.

Russian empire

The first sane statistics began to be obtained in pre-revolutionary Russia. In tsarist times, life expectancy was catastrophically low and amounted to just over 30 years.

This was completely “normal” for the rest of the world: for example, in Europe people passed away before their 40th birthday. The reason for this was the ongoing wars, epidemics of diseases such as the Spanish flu and typhoid fever, which today already seem like something that has sunk into oblivion.

The Russian Empire was no exception, as it experienced Civil War and was drawn into the First World War.

After the revolution with the proclamation of the Soviet Union, living conditions began to gradually improve, but even in the middle of the 20th century, troubles awaited us. Great Patriotic War The years 1941-1945 literally “decimated” the working-age part of the male population of Russia, and the fair half of it also suffered seriously.

Even taking into account the military upheavals, the life expectancy of the Russian population in Soviet time began to demonstrate sustainable growth thanks to the solution of social unrest and the establishment of stable prosperity.

By 1950, the life expectancy of Russians had almost doubled since the days of Tsarist Russia:

• 62 years – for women;
• 54 years for men.

By the end of the USSR in 1990, a real demographic peak was observed: the life expectancy indicator for the country reached 69.2 years.

Modern Russia

This was followed by one of the most dramatic stages of history - the collapse of the Soviet Union, which provoked a protracted demographic crisis.

In the 90s of the last century, the concept of “Russian cross” was even formed. It marked the intersection of overlapping fertility and mortality graphs that moved in opposite directions (see diagram).

There were 2 main reasons for this:

1. general instability caused by economic problems and reforms;
2. collapse of the health care system.

The situation was getting worse: life expectancy in Russia and its regions was falling. Natural population decline has reached 1 million people per year.

Something had to be done. And already since 1997, one can observe positive dynamics in Rosstat reports. Successful adaptation to the new realities of life led to the fact that the birth rate and average life expectancy in Russia began to increase.

In the 90s and early 2000s, the life expectancy of men compared to women decreased by 13 years. As a result, male pensioners began to appear in Russia only in 2006.

In general, in the 21st century, things with demographics in the country have improved significantly. 2012-2015 were marked by positive results:

• the birth rate has become higher than the death rate;
• the standard of living has increased;
• The health care system was brought back to normal.

In 2017, Rosstat already recorded the average life expectancy in Russia at 72.5 years (67.5 for men, 77.4 for women) - this is an absolute life expectancy record in the entire history of the country!

The latest data can be obtained on the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service. An interactive tool is also available there for independently constructing the required samples.

Dividing the life expectancy chart into 3 conventional stages, you can see that under Putin, Russians began to live longer (see chart):

Life expectancy in Russia at birth

All of the above is systematized in one table. Starting from 2014, indicators for the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol were also taken into account.

Let's hope that the average life expectancy in Russia over the years will show similar dynamics in the future.

Why women in Russia live longer than men

Many people are interested in the reasons behind the lower life expectancy of men in Russia.

Firstly, these are the biological differences between the male and female bodies. Female body characterized by greater conservatism, stability, and orientation towards self-preservation. Therefore, throughout the world, there is a basic difference of 3-5 years between both sexes.

Second, a number of social conditions influence the widening of this “baseline gap.” Among them are lifestyle, stress, overload, the nature of professional activity, extreme situations in which men regularly find themselves. If we translate this into numbers, we can trace the following dynamics: the lower the level of socio-economic development of the country, the deeper the “hole” between women and men will be. In developed countries, the threshold value is 5 years; in our country, this figure is far from ideal: 12 years.

By the way, regardless of country and gender, centenarians usually live not in cities, but in conditions close to ideal, where they can establish year-round healthy eating, be in harmony with yourself and the world around you.

Regions of the Russian Federation – leaders and outsiders

As you might have guessed, life expectancy varies markedly across Russian regions. The country is large and the living conditions of people in different localities can be diametrically opposed. No offense intended, but compare the fragrant Baikal with the industrial city of Monchegorsk in Murmansk region. Conditions for income and quality of social services also differ. They live the longest in the Caucasus (Ingushetia ranks first), with high rates in Moscow and the Northern capital, St. Petersburg. The worst indicators were recorded in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Tyva.

Below is a detailed table for the subjects of the Federation (click on the picture to enlarge)*:

* the table does not take into account the city of Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea, which became part of the Russian Federation in 2014.

Find out in which regions Russian Federation live the least (Top 10), you can see from the following video:

Life expectancy in Russia and in the world

Despite the real results recent years, in terms of life expectancy, our country noticeably lags behind such developed countries as the USA, Japan, and Germany.

Duration human life directly depends not only on the level of medicine, but also on lifestyle, as well as many external factors:

• genetics and heredity;
• food quality;
• healthcare;
• working and living conditions;
• ecology and climate in the place of residence;
• level of culture and education;
• established folk customs and habits;
• social policy of the state.

Chronology of changes in life expectancy in the world (video):

Historically, life expectancy statistics in Russia have always been worse than those of its “progressive” neighbors. And over time, the situation has not changed much. It is believed that the reason for this is the severity of the climate, losses after wars and political upheavals of the 20th century, as well as the consequences of epidemics. Of no small importance was the tough policy at the turn of the change of system, when unpopular decisions were made that cost the lives of many citizens.

UN data indicates that in 2010 Russia ranked a distant 136th in the world in terms of life expectancy: the average Russian lived only 66.7 years. Of the former Soviet republics, only Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan had a more difficult situation.

By 2016, the country was able to rise in the list by 27 points: the average life expectancy of men and women in Russia increased, reaching 70.5 years.

Life expectancy in the Russian Federation does not reach the leaders by more than 10 years, and our current neighbors in the ranking are residents of the DPRK and Kazakhstan.

Many may be surprised how a country with such human and resource potential can occupy such a low position. The most obvious reason is considered to be poverty and uneven distribution of income among the country's residents.

In Russia there are indeed both prosperous and completely undeveloped regions. The standard of living of people in two neighboring regions may differ radically, which casts doubt on the national average and complicates understanding of the real situation.

To clearly confirm the “stratification” by region, here is a rating of the quality of life in Russian cities (click on the picture to enlarge):

To analyze the standard of living in a particular country, it is necessary to pay attention to several factors, one of which is human life expectancy. What is life expectancy in Russia in 2019-2020? Despite the fact that positive dynamics have been observed over the past 10 years, it is impossible to talk about a large LOS in the Russian Federation.

In order to obtain such an indicator, it is necessary to collect data on the registration of deceased citizens. After this, their total number must be divided by the full years lived. Thus, the indicator is averaged.

It is worth noting that such calculations for men and women are carried out in the same way, but the indicators may differ.

Those intermediate values ​​obtained through arithmetic operations are the basis for other calculations. It turns out that the calculation of such an indicator occurs in a stepwise manner.

In Russia, this technique has been used for more than 10 years. It covers all age groups, ranging in age from 0 to 110 years.

What is the average life expectancy in the regions of the Russian Federation

Average duration residence in the Russian Federation for Lately rose significantly, to 73.6 years in 2019.
Analyzes statistical data regarding demographic indicators in Russia.
The regions listed below, presented in the table, have the highest life expectancy in Russia in 2019.

Average life expectancy in the regions of the Russian Federation in 2016

Table: regions of the Russian Federation with the highest life expectancy

Life expectancy in the USSR and Russia by year

The average life expectancy in Russia was different in all years.

Interesting Facts

1. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was 32 years. Although during the same time period, the situation in Europe was not much better. It's all about wars and epidemics. People did not live to see 40 because of typhoid fever, Spanish flu and other diseases.
2. The record life expectancy in Russia was recorded in 2015. The indicator reached 71 (average indicator). This exceeded the life expectancy of the population of the Soviet Union. Life expectancy for women in 2015 became 76.7 years, and for men – 65.6.
3. In 2017, according to Rosstat, it was 72.7 years. In 2018, this figure increased further according to Rosstat to 72.9.
4. In 2020, it officially increased again and is 73.6 years.

Dynamics of life expectancy in the Russian Federation since the 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia became a participant in the world war and revolution. Many people died, but even despite this, the life expectancy of Russians increased every year.

Thanks to the development of medicine, the mortality rate of citizens has decreased significantly.
The latest indicators were similar to European ones at that time. Thus, the table above allows us to say that since the 1950s, the life expectancy of Russian people has increased almost 2.5 times. Life expectancy for men in Russia has always been lower.

This has led to improved leisure conditions for the population. There have also been positive changes in the area of ​​work. Working conditions and production have improved.

The economic crisis of the 1990s had a major impact on the fertility rate. Experts say that in addition to the crisis, this situation can be explained by the reforms of perestroika. During this period, infant mortality increased significantly. The reason for this was the collapse of the healthcare system.

Population growth could be recorded after 1997. Experts believe that this became possible due to the population’s adaptation to new living conditions. Interesting fact: During this period, the life expectancy of men compared to the life life of women decreased by 13 years. Only by 2006 did male pensioners begin to appear in the Russian Federation.

After 2015, the situation with demographics changed radically: the standard of living of the population increased significantly, the mortality rate decreased, the healthcare system improved, and the birth rate increased.

In 2019, life expectancy in the Russian Federation reached 73.6 years.

Table: dynamics of life expectancy at birth in Russia

SPJ in cities and villages

In small towns in Russia, the level of medical care remains low. Moreover, in some of them there is no medical care at all. This leads to high mortality rates in some villages and towns.

But thanks to the so-called “successful regions of the country,” the life expectancy in the Russian Federation is increasing. Demographic problems They also exist in areas where funding is insufficient. As practice shows, the budget in such regions is not balanced.

Average age of the population in the Russian Federation and other countries of the world: comparative analysis

In 2019, the Russian Federation took 110th place in. Experts believe that life expectancy in the Russian Federation has remained low for several decades. In developed countries such as Japan, France or Singapore, this figure exceeds 80 years.

Average life expectancy in different countries of the world