Industrial ventilation systems and equipment. Installation of industrial ventilation systems. Classification of industrial ventilation by type of action

Mechanical air exchange occurs thanks to special installations for replacing exhaust air with fresh air. Air flows can be heated or cooled, regardless of the temperature and season outside, and the air can also be purified, dehumidified or humidified.

How to choose ventilation equipment?

Ventilation equipment, air ducts and other products used in the system must be subject to mandatory certification, fire and sanitary hygienic assessment and have confirmation of their use in the construction industry. Also, in rooms with a corrosive environment, it is necessary to select materials with protective coatings; it is allowed to paint air ducts with non-flammable materials no more than 2 mm thick.

Despite the numerous characteristics for selecting a ventilation system - types and intensity of air pollution, purpose of the room, number of people present, etc., the entire ventilation system is classified into several categories:

• Supply units - provide fresh air from the street. Additionally, such a system can be equipped with various filters and heaters.
• Exhaust units - used to remove exhaust contaminated air, for example, in a restaurant kitchen, in bathrooms, etc. Additionally, the exhaust system is equipped with filtration for air purification, for example, in production. Exhaust ventilation equipment located in bathrooms, smoking rooms and other premises is not allowed to be located together with equipment for supply systems.
• Air handling units are the most effective method for creating optimal climatic conditions. Such a system provides an influx of fresh air while removing polluted air from the room; it can additionally be equipped with various automation systems, filters, heaters and fans.

Our catalog contains different kinds ventilation equipment with detailed technical characteristics, description, photos and prices. You can place an order through the shopping cart or by calling the numbers provided.

All industrial premises differ in the type of activity, technological processes and other factors affecting the release of harmful substances. Due to the presence of a large number of employees, for the sake of their safety, all sanitary and microclimatic conditions must be met: exclusion of increased concentrations of harmful substances, optimal levels of temperature, humidity, permissible values ​​of noise and vibration. During non-working hours, deviations of the requirements parameters are possible when agreed upon at the stage of technical specifications.

To create all the above conditions, as well as to create effective air exchange, at the design stage it is necessary to plan a competent ventilation system for an industrial building. Determining the rational type of system depends on several points:

• Type of ventilation - forced, natural or mixed;
• Classification - general exchange or local;
• Supply, exhaust or supply and exhaust system;
• Typesetting or monoblock.

The natural system is a more economical option, based on the principle of displacing cold air with warmer air. In other words, air flow occurs due to ventilation. For large areas, as well as in winter, this method is unacceptable.

Forced ventilation is the optimal effective solution that requires costs for equipment and electricity.

To organize air exchange at a large industrial enterprise, a general exchange system is designed. If, on the contrary, localization of contaminated air flows is necessary over certain areas of technological processes, it is rational to use local exhaust systems. Taken together, the system provides an influx of fresh air and also prevents the spread of polluted air masses throughout the territory.

An equally important task when designing and installing a ventilation system for industrial premises is considered to be the provision of thermal and functional state, which creates a comfortable feeling and increases productivity. In addition, warehouses are provided on the territory of industrial buildings, where it is also necessary to provide the necessary conditions for storing goods or products of various types.

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Norms and requirements

The technological process involves the use, release and accumulation of substances harmful to health in the air. The advantages of a forced ventilation system are:

• Supply of fresh air to replace exhaust air masses. Air can also be subjected to additional processing - heating, dehumidification, humidification;
• Movement of air currents over long distances;
• Supply of purified air directly to workplaces;
• Independence from weather conditions or other factors;
• Possibility of automatic control.

There are a number of mandatory standards that the ventilation system of industrial premises must comply with, these include the optimal microclimate parameters used in the workplace:

* — Standardized parameters of temperature and air speed are not used during non-working hours, as well as in the absence of technological processes. Forced industrial ventilation using ventilation equipment is considered the most effective method to create effective air exchange in case acceptable standards microclimate or air speed cannot be ensured by natural ventilation in rooms without natural ventilation. Powerful ventilation units can cover a large area, providing intense air flow. Such a system does not depend on the outside temperature and has additional capabilities (filtration, recovery, humidification, dehumidification).

Design Rules

The specifics of industrial ventilation are based on the calculation of the required air exchange, selection necessary equipment and the number of people on the premises.

Important: Equipment should be selected only if it has certification and confirmation of fire safety, providing maximum performance under minimum costs electricity.

At the design stage, a technical task, including:

• Layouts and architectural features object;
• General drawing, sections of the building;
• Estimated number of people;
• Types of production or industrial processes.

The technical specification is the rationale for the detailed design, at the stage of which air exchange is calculated, the location of air ducts (number, length, cross-sections) and equipment is determined, and the specification is filled out. After approval of the project, the installation team can go to the site.

automation and control

Modern automation systems are designed to maintain the operation of all devices and mechanisms, as well as to provide notification in case of emergency situations. The equipment allows you to control the system remotely. The responsible operator can independently configure modes or make adjustments.

In addition, automatic ventilation control is performed based on individual monitoring of each part of the mechanisms, as well as the system as a whole.

Other advantages of automation include:

• research, information, adjustment various indicators;
• protection of the heater from changes, low temperatures;
• maintaining specified parameters;
• ability to operate in ventilation, humidification, and dehumidification modes;
• indication of the level of filter contamination or notification of the need to perform service;
• blocking the operation of the system in the event of a fire or other emergency situations.

The list of automatic devices includes:

• temperature regulators;
• device for regulating fan speed;
• sensors, controllers;
• electric drive of the shut-off and control valve.

Avik specialists, regardless of the specifics of your enterprise’s activities, will help you not only calculate the ventilation system, but also select equipment based on your budget. During the work, all requirements of SNiP and GOST are taken into account.

To create and maintain an optimal environment for efficient living, it is necessary to install ventilation equipment. Modern system ventilation will be provided by filtered outside air in the summer, and heated air in the winter. In addition, good ventilation will support constant temperature and humidity, control the level of concentration of substances harmful to health.

Types of ventilation

There are several types of ventilation systems that can be grouped:

• By the method of air movement (natural, mechanical)
• According to the method of organizing air exchange (local, general)
• According to the principle of operation (exhaust, supply)
• By design (monoblock, stacked)
• By the presence of air ducts (ducted, ductless)

Whatever system you choose, a necessary condition There must be a balance maintained - a simultaneous influx of outside air and exhaust exhaust. If the inflow is insufficient, the oxygen content will decrease, and humidity and dust levels will increase. If there is not enough hood, then polluted air, unpleasant odors, moisture and harmful substances will remain in the room.

Natural

Natural ventilation is simple and does not require energy consumption or complex equipment. But its effectiveness depends on temperature, wind speed, etc.

Mechanical

Mechanical ventilation moves air over long distances. Main equipment: fans, electric motors, air heaters, automation, dust collectors.

Supply systems

Supply systems are used in apartments and small spaces. They supply air after preliminary preparation, including cleaning, cooling and heating. They can be equipped in a single body or consist of various elements:

• Air intake grille
• Air valve
• Filter
• Air heater or air heater
• Silencer
• Fan
• Air ducts
• Air distributors
• Control and automation systems

Exhaust systems

Exhaust systems remove polluted air from the room. They may consist of a single exhaust fan, but if multiple rooms are being cleaned, an intake duct network is required. Supply and exhaust combinations allow you to simultaneously supply and remove air. They are developed on the basis of ventilation units or consist of different elements.

Local and general exchange

The fight against harmful substances in indoor air is carried out using local or general ventilation.

The general exchange system fights harmful substances contained in the air of the entire room. When installing this type of ventilation, the volume of exhaust air is calculated so that the same amount of air is extracted from the room as is supplied to it. But if the air flow is not equal to the exhaust, the missing volume of air is pumped from the rooms nearby or through fence openings.

Local ventilation removes harmful substances from the room at the point where they are formed.

A combined system, including general exchange and local exhaust systems, solves the ventilation problem as effectively as possible.

Ducted and ductless

Duct and ductless ventilation systems are either a duct system with an extensive network of air ducts to move air, or a system with missing channels (air ducts), which is used when installing a fan in a ceiling or wall, in the presence of natural ventilation.

Ventilation of industrial premises is one of the main components that is part of a set of measures to create favorable indoor air conditions for humans. The ventilation system must not only meet all sanitary standards, but also fully comply with the construction requirements of the building. It must also maintain the meteorological parameters of different rooms - this must be taken into account when installing industrial ventilation. Proper ventilation is the main condition for creating a comfortable atmosphere in the room.

The requirements for different ventilation systems are also different. For example, in a country house and in a city apartment they will be completely different. In an apartment, the main factor is the quality of outdoor air purification, while for a country house the noise level is more important. Therefore, cottage owners choose ventilation systems that produce as little noise as possible during operation. The air outside the city is much cleaner than in the city, so the requirements for the quality of filters in the city are stricter. Therefore, it is better to design a ventilation system at the construction stage.

Each ventilation system must take into account the flow of air from the street and its exhaust back. To balance it in the house, they must be carried out synchronously.

Classification of ventilation systems

Today, many different types of ventilation systems are known. This diversity is explained by differences in the purpose of the room, the nature and type of the technological process. Based on this, a classification of ventilation systems was developed according to:

• the method of air movement - artificial and natural;
• purpose – exhaust and supply;
• design - ducted and ductless;
• service area - local and general exchange.

Natural ventilation of industrial facilities

Natural ventilation in the room is the most common. It does not require additional equipment or power supply. With this type of ventilation, air movement occurs due to differences in temperature and pressure.

In those buildings where you can observe a large number of excess heat, the air will be warmer than that outside. Cold air will displace warm air from the room, thereby creating its circulation.

Industrial ventilation systems based on natural ventilation operate due to different pressure air. It should be noted that this difference should not be less than 3 m, the length of the air ducts should not be more than 3 m, and the speed of the air in them should not be more than 1 m/s.

Designing such ventilation is not complicated and does not require the use of additional equipment and electricity. Its effectiveness depends on factors such as temperature and air speed. In some cases, natural ventilation does not make it possible to solve the problems of effective ventilation, so additional equipment and installation of ventilation for industrial premises are required.

Mechanical ventilation of industrial facilities

Mechanical ventilation requires air movement equipment in the system. Such equipment includes electric motors, fans, air heaters, etc. With its help, ventilation systems provide air supply and removal. If necessary, they can heat the air, humidify and purify it. This distinguishes them from natural systems ventilation. To create comfortable conditions, ventilation of industrial premises can simultaneously combine both natural and mechanical types of ventilation. The choice determines how ventilation for industrial premises will ultimately be installed.

In the case where it is required to install and install ventilation at a facility, its design and installation depends on the facility, its location and purpose.

Supply ventilation of industrial facilities

Such ventilation is used to supply fresh air from the street and return air from the room instead. In this case, the supply air can be additionally processed, for example, humidified or heated.

Exhaust ventilation of industrial facilities

This type of ventilation system is used to remove contaminated air from an industrial premises. They are used where air should not flow from one room to another. For example, in bathrooms, laboratories, catering establishments, warehouses.

As a rule, it is combined with a supply system, because without it, the exhaust ventilation of an industrial facility will not be effective. Although, such ventilation can be installed independently. Two systems can be installed both in the entire room and in its individual sections.

In the case when the amount of exhaust air turns out to be greater than the supply air, there is a high probability of the occurrence of such negative phenomena as drafts. The exhaust ventilation system of a room removes contaminated, warm air from certain places, in certain quantities - this is all taken into account when installing ventilation for industrial facilities. If necessary, this air can be additionally purified from impurities that should not enter the environment.

Local ventilation of industrial premises

Such ventilation is designed to provide air to the room through flow ventilation. The exhaust air is removed by local exhaust ventilation. Typically this type is used in production workshops. In residential premises it can be used when part of it is used as a workplace where there is significant heating of the air or emission of harmful substances.

Local supply ventilation for industrial production

Such ventilation is suitable for open production where harmful substances are released, if it is not possible to install a local exhaust system.

When is local exhaust ventilation installed in industrial premises?

It is used in premises where harmful substances are localized and their further spread is preventable. Its use is also possible in residential premises. In rooms where harmful emissions are present, a local exhaust ventilation system is very important because it guarantees the removal of harmful substances (gases, smoke, dust) that are emitted by heating appliances. To remove them, the systems use local suction.

With this type of ventilation, the air that is removed from the workshop must be cleaned before it enters the atmosphere. The complexity of the device and its design depends on the degree of cleaning required. For optimal cleaning, as a rule, several filters (two or three) are installed during installation.

This type of ventilation system can be called the most effective, since the removal of harmful substances occurs immediately upon their release, preventing their spread in the room.

However, local exhaust ventilation cannot completely solve all the tasks assigned to it. It is not able to localize substances released during production if they are distributed over a large area. A similar situation occurs when activities are carried out over the entire area or work with these substances is directly related to their movement. General exchange ventilation systems will be more effective here. They are able to remove polluted air evenly throughout the room.

General exchange supply ventilation of industrial facilities

Such ventilation is used to assimilate excess moisture and heat, diluting vapors that were not removed by other types of ventilation. If there is a lack of heat, then general exchange supply ventilation is combined with heating of the supply air or its mechanical stimulation. During its operation, the supply air fully compensates for the air removed from the room, which contains harmful substances.

General exchange exhaust ventilation in workshops and industrial buildings

Such a ventilation system is an installation that uniformly removes air from the room and carries out general air exchange. It is suitable for installation in apartments and offices, cottages and country houses. In workshops and industrial buildings with harmful emissions, more complex installations of such a ventilation system are used. In this case, the air ducts are laid on the floor or in the form of underground ducts. If there is a need for general exchange exhaust ventilation, then its design is carried out taking into account all the characteristics of the given room.

There are cases when the installation may contain an extended exhaust duct. If the length of such an air duct is more than 30-40 meters, a centrifugal type fan is installed instead of an axial one.

In the case when various harmful substances, such as dust, moisture, etc., are distributed dispersedly in the room, then it is not possible to get by with just one ventilation system. Here, general-exhaust exhaust ventilation, which removes harmful substances from the air, has proven itself well when installing ventilation for industrial premises.

Duct and ductless ventilation

A ductless ventilation system does not contain air ducts. In it, air exchange is carried out through vents, windows, etc.

It is quite simple and therefore cheap, but ineffective compared to the duct system. In a duct system, there must be special channels where air moves to certain places. Both systems are used in apartments, cottages, and industrial facilities.