Population density in Europe. Population of Europe. Population of Europe Country in Europe with the lowest population density

According to the latest data, on average, about seven billion people live on the globe. Their distribution is characterized by extreme unevenness: in one part of the world lives more people, in the other - less. Today we are talking about the average population density of Foreign Europe.

General information

Before moving on to the topic “Density of Overseas Europe”, the concepts of “Overseas Europe” and “population density” should be defined. The countries of Foreign Europe include 40 sovereign states located on the European part of the Eurasian continent.

The term “population density” refers to the ratio of the number of inhabitants per 1 sq. km. This indicator is calculated using the following formula: the population of a country, region, or world is divided by the total land area, which is favorable for habitation.

So, if we divide the population of planet Earth - 6.8 billion people, by its total area - 13 million square meters. km, then we get an average population density of 52 people per 1 sq. km.

Rice. 1 Population density of Europe on the map

Population of Europe

Foreign Europe is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. If we take for comparison the average population density on the globe - 52 people per 1 sq. km, then a completely different picture emerges - more than 100 people per 1 sq. km. km. In addition, the distribution of people in Europe is relatively uniform: there are no unpopulated or large sparsely populated regions. A distinctive feature of settlement in Europe is the urbanization of the population. In other words, there are tens of times more city dwellers than residents of rural settlements (more than 70%, and in Belgium 98%).

Rice. 2 Map of night Europe from satellite

Countries of Foreign Europe

The population density of the countries of Foreign Europe is presented in the following table:

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Countries can be divided into three groups based on population density:

• High density (more than 200 people per 1 sq. km): Belgium, Germany, Great Britain and others;
• Average density (from 10 to 200 people per 1 sq. km): Spain, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France and others;
• Low density (up to 10 people per 1 sq. km): Iceland.

As can be seen from the table, the northern territories of Europe - Finland, Sweden, Norway - are sparsely populated. This is due, first of all, to unfavorable natural and climatic conditions for life and economy. In contrast, population concentrations are observed in Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands and further south to the Mediterranean coast, where geographical position(access to the sea), relief, climate are favorable for the development of agriculture, trade, and industry.

The population density of Monaco is 16,500 people per 1 sq. km, is the highest not only in Europe, but also in the whole world.

Rice. 3 Monaco is the most crowded place on the planet

What have we learned?

Foreign Europe includes 40 countries, the average population density of which is 100 people per 1 sq. km. This figure is quite high. In general, the settlement of people in Europe is uniform. There is only one country with low population density in this region - Iceland.

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The population density of the earth is 57 people per 1 square kilometer. According to statistics, the total number of people living in all countries of the world at the beginning of 2020 was 7,772,829,000 people. By the end of 2020, this figure is projected to grow by 1.2%.

Below are the states that were included in the ranking of countries with the highest population density according to the UN in 2020.

1 – Macau

Macau is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China with an area of ​​30 square kilometers. km. According to the UN, in 2020, 649,335 people live here, and the population density is 21,348 people per 1 square kilometer.

Macau Special Administrative Region of China

2 - Monaco

Second place in the ranking of countries by population density is occupied by a dwarf state on the Cote d'Azur - Monaco. The population of Monaco is only 38,964 people, and the total area of ​​the state is 2.02 square meters. km. For 1 sq. 19,427 people live per kilometer.

This population density is amazing. Monaco is considered one of the most expensive countries in the world. The state gained its popularity thanks to the annual holding of the famous Formula 1 racing championship on its territory. The kingdom is also famous for its gambling business and highly developed tourism sector.

The country ranks first in the world in terms of population density

3 - Singapore

Third place belongs to the business center of Asia - Singapore. Singapore has a population of 5,804,337 people. All inhabitants of this state live on 719.10 square meters. km. For 1 sq. km of area there are 8240 people.

Citizens of this financial and business center are experiencing an acute shortage of living space. The main population is concentrated in the western part of the state. The northern part of the island is covered with forests and parks, many of which are recognized as nature reserves. - one of the highest in Asia. or use within 72 hours.

4 - Hong Kong

Hong Kong is one of two special administrative centers of the People's Republic of China, along with Macau. It is located on the southern coast of China, surrounded by the Pearl River Delta and the South China Sea.

Hong Kong's population in 2020 is estimated at 7.50 million (104th in the world), and its density is 6,736 inhabitants. The area of ​​the state is 1104 square meters. km.

Hong Kong is the second most densely populated region of China

5 - Gibraltar

Gibraltar is one of the 14 British Overseas Territories. Its population is 33,701 people and its area is only 6 square kilometers.

The population density in 2020 is 5,617 people.

6 - Bahrain

It is the smallest Arab state in the Middle East, consisting of 33 islets. The average population density of Bahrain is 2224 people. Behind last years The population of the country, called the pearl of the Arab world, grew from 1,343,000 to 1,641,172 people.

According to statistics, 18 migrants come to Bahrain every day for permanent residence. .

7 - Vatican

Seventh place rightfully belongs to the heart of the Catholic Church - the Vatican. According to statistics, only 799 people live on the territory of the Vatican.

The Vatican is located inside the Italian Republic and serves as the residence of the Pope, so there are no permanent residents in this dwarf country. The bulk of the population is the government of the country. Not all residents even have Vatican citizenship. Only 450 people have citizenship of the mini-state.

The Vatican is one of the smallest states in the world.

More than 3 thousand people work on the territory of the Catholic monastery, but all employees are citizens of the Italian Republic. They do not live in the Vatican, but only work, so the labor force cannot be considered a population.

The Vatican has officially received the status of the smallest state on the world map. Its area does not exceed 1 square. km (total 0.44 sq. km.). Therefore, the population density living in this country is 1820 people per 1 sq. km.

8 – Maldives

This state is one of the most expensive resorts in the world. The population density of the Maldives is 1802 people per 1 sq. m. The number of people living in the Republic of Maldives is regulated solely by the processes of birth and death.

On average, 22 babies are born and 4 people die per day in the Maldives. It is difficult for immigrants to obtain citizenship of the Republic of Maldives.

The capital of the Maldives, the city of Male, is the smallest capital in the world in terms of size and population.

9 - Malta

Malta is an island nation known for its lack of permanent rivers and lakes. In 2020, the population of this country in southern Europe is 440,432 people, and the density is 1,397 people per 1 square kilometer. According to forecasts, by the end of 2020 the growth rate of people living here will increase by 4 inhabitants per day.

10 - Sint Maarten (territory of the Netherlands)

Sint Maarten is one of the four overseas territories of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The state is located on the island of the same name in the Caribbean Sea, occupies about 40% of the island of St. Martin - 34 km².

The population of Sint Maarten is 42,876 according to the latest UN estimates, and its density is 1,247 inhabitants per km².

11 - Bermuda

Bermuda is a British overseas territory located in the North Atlantic Ocean, covering an area of ​​54 km². It is a self-governing country with its own government and its own constitution.

The largest city in Bermuda is the historic town of St. George with a population of 2,600 people.

Bermuda has the highest population of any UK Overseas Territory with a population of 60,833 and a population density of 1,158.

12 - Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a country in southern Asia. The People's Republic of Bangladesh is not very popular among tourists. Most of the country is covered with rivers and lakes. The population of Bangladesh at the beginning of 2020 is 163,046,161 people.

Despite the fact that the republic is developing the agricultural and industrial sectors, Bangladesh remains one of the poorest countries in Asia. The population density in this country is 1116 people per 1 sq. km. can be found on our website.

13 – Palestine

Palestine is a state located between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. The region is the birthplace of Christianity and Judaism. The country's borders have changed many times. In 2020, the area of ​​Palestine is 6220 km2.

The Palestinian population in Gaza and the West Bank is estimated at 4.981 million, with a density of 801 people per km².

14 - Saint-Martin (French territory)

Saint Martin is one of the French overseas territories in the Caribbean, occupying part of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea.

The state is home to 38,002 inhabitants, while its area is 53 km2. The population density is 717 people per square kilometer.

15 – Mayotte

Mayotte is a French overseas territory consisting of the islands of Grande Terre (also known as Maore) and Petite Terre (also known as Pamanzi) and several small islets covering an area of ​​374 km².

Mayotte's population in 2020 is 272,815, according to the latest UN estimates, and its density is 712.

16 - Barbados

Barbados is an exotic republic with an abundance of attractions and interesting national flavor. This state attracts many tourists, but only a few remain in this country for permanent residence. In 2020, 287,025 people live in Barbados. The birth rate in this republic is also quite good.

On average, about 10 children are born per day, and about 7 die. From this we can conclude that the birth rate in the country is higher than the death rate. Today, the population density of this country is 668 people.

17 - Taiwan

The population as of 2020 is about 23.82 million. This makes Taiwan the 57th largest country in the world by population and the 17th most populous country in the world.

Taiwan has a geographical area of ​​36,193 square kilometers. With a population of 23,476,640, its average population density is 649 people per square kilometer.

18 – Lebanon

Lebanon or the Lebanese Republic, is a democratic republic in the Eastern Mediterranean. The population of Lebanon in 2020 is estimated at 6.83 million.

The area of ​​the state is 10,452 square kilometers, and the population density is 656/km².

19 – Mauritius

In this state, with an area of ​​2040 square meters. km there are 1,269,668 inhabitants. Density – 623 people.

20 – Aruba

Aruba is a small island located almost 1,600 km west of the Lesser Antilles and 27 km north of Venezuela.

Aruba is one of the 4 territories of the Netherlands, so its citizens are Dutch. According to UN estimates, the population of Aruba for 2020 is 106,766 people, and the density is 591/km².

Table: top 20 states by population in 2020

The population on Earth is unevenly distributed. There are countries with the highest population density, while others are sparsely populated.

Population density is an indicator that shows the number of people living per 1 square kilometer. km. You can also calculate population density separately for cities and rural areas.

All countries, depending on the number of inhabitants per 1 sq. km, are divided into 4 groups:

• with the lowest population density;
• with an average;
• densely populated states;
• with the highest density.

Taking into account population density helps determine the required amount of material goods per capita.

Population density indicator value

When determining population density, seas, oceans and uninhabited areas are not taken into account. The population of a territory may differ not only on one continent, but also within one country.

The rate of population of a territory by people can be influenced by the following factors:

• proximity to the sea;
• climatic conditions;
• relief of the territory;
• agriculture and crop growing;
• birth rate;
• economic and industrial development.

Man has always often changed his habitat in order to find Better conditions for life. Due to the lack of many benefits (transport accessibility, availability of infrastructure, drinking water), many people migrate to other states where conditions are much better.

Top 10 States with the Highest Population Density

Countries with the highest population densities are distinguished by the fact that they have a small territory in which many people live.

The 10 most populated states are:

Monaco 18850 people/sq. km.

The Principality of Monaco is the most populous dwarf country, which is located in the southern region of Europe. On an area of ​​just 2 sq. km. Almost 38 thousand inhabitants live. In recent years, the country's territory has increased by almost 40 hectares. This was achieved by draining part of the sea zone.

Singapore 7600 people/sq. km.

The Republic of Singapore is located in southeast Asia and occupies about 720 square meters. km. Almost 5.9 million people live on the territory of a small state. The government is gradually expanding the territory by draining the sea zone and reclamation of soil.

Vatican 1910 people/sq. km.

The smallest state, the Vatican, is located inside Rome and covers an area of ​​about 0.45 square meters. km. Almost 1000 inhabitants live in a small area.

Malta 1430 people/sq. km.

The Republic of Malta is located on an island in the Mediterranean Sea. On an area of ​​315 sq. km. More than 475 thousand people live there.

Maldives 1360 people/sq. km.

The Republic of Maldives belongs to South Asia. It has access to the Indian Ocean. The state is home to almost 402 thousand people on an area of ​​298 square meters. km.

Bahrain 1110 people/sq. km.

Bahrain is the smallest Arab country, which is located in southwest Asia and belongs to the countries of the Persian Gulf. Territory of 765 sq. km. inhabited by more than 1.3 million inhabitants.

Bangladesh 1080 people/sq. km.

Republic of Bangladesh, with an area of ​​144 thousand square meters. km. and a population of about 168 million inhabitants, is located in southern Asia.

Barbados 660 people/sq. km.

Barbados is located on an island in the Caribbean Sea. The island occupies about 430 square meters. km. More than 277 thousand inhabitants live on the territory of the state.

China 640 people/sq. km.

The People's Republic of China has the largest population. On an area of ​​almost 9.6 million square meters. km. More than 1.38 billion people live.

Mauritius 630 people/sq. km.

Mauritius is located on an island in the Indian Ocean and belongs to East Africa. The country also includes several small islands, which have a total area of ​​over 2000 square meters. km.

Over 1.2 million people live on the territory of the state.

Africa

Africa ranks 2nd in terms of territory size. More than 1.1 billion people live in Africa. The population density indicator remains 30.5 people/sq. km. This is due to the fact that most of the continent belongs to deserts and semi-deserts, and people tend to live near water sources.

Residents also choose places with fertile soil for farming and developed industry.

Countries with the highest population densities located in Africa:

Asia

Asia has always had the highest population density. The main reason is that in such countries a lot of land is devoted to rice and other plant crops. More than half the world's inhabitants live in Asia. The population density on the continent is 87 people/sq. km.

brief information about the largest and smallest population densities in the world:

In some countries it can be more than 1000 people, while in others there are barely 3 people/sq. km.

Asian states with the highest population density:

Europe

Europe covers an area of ​​10 million square meters. km, which is home to about 692 million people. The population density in Europe is 73 people/sq. km. The number of inhabitants of the continent is increasing every year. People flock to highly developed countries to find better living conditions.

Military conflicts in African and Islamic countries force many people to migrate to Europe, which contributes to the population increase.

Countries with the highest population density that belong to Europe:

America

America includes the territory of the Northern, Central and Southern parts and nearby islands, which cover an area of ​​42.5 million square meters. km. More than 937 million people live in all of America. There are 35 states on 2 continents and islands.

Higher population densities are found in Central America and the Caribbean.

Countries with the highest population density, representing North and South America:

Australia and Oceania

Oceania consists of many islands that are located in the Pacific Ocean. More than 12 million people live throughout the territory. The average population density in Oceania is 8 people/sq. km. Together with Australia, they occupy an area of ​​8.52 million square meters. km.

The population on the islands is unevenly distributed, as many of them are uninhabitable. Most are of volcanic or coral origin.

Countries and island states belonging to Oceania:

Population density in the world's largest cities

The world's population is increasing every year. Many cities on our planet are overcrowded with residents. Migration of people is associated with the development of industry and business in such cities.

Mumbai 28,850 people/sq. km.

Mumbai covers an area of ​​603 sq. km. and has the largest population in India (more than 12.4 million people).

Kolkata 27,460 people/sq. km.

Another Indian city with an area of ​​205 square meters. km., which attracts many people with jobs, developed industry and economy. The stock exchange is located in Kolkata. Not only Indian companies, but also many foreign ones have opened their office here.

The number of inhabitants in Kolkata is almost 4.5 million people.

Dhaka 23,000 people/sq. km.

Dhaka is the main city of Bangladesh and occupies 815 sq. km. The number of inhabitants is almost 7 million people. The city has many industrial enterprises.

Karachi 18900 people/sq. km.

Karachi is located in Pakistan and occupies 3530 sq. km. More than 23.5 million people live in the city. Karachi has 2 large seaports. This city is the economic and financial center of Pakistan. Main share Country's GDP gives precisely Karachi.

Shanghai 18620 people/sq. km.

Shanghai is the first city in China in terms of population (more than 24 million people). The area of ​​the city is 6340 square meters. km. Shanghai has a large cargo port. The city is industrialized. Exists a large number of enterprises.

Lagos 18100 people/sq. km.

The port city of Lagos is located in Nigeria, home to more than 13 million people. The area of ​​the city occupies almost 1000 square meters. km. Almost 50% of Nigeria's industrial enterprises are located in Lagos. The city has a developed film industry.

Shenzhen 17100 people/sq. km.

Shenzhen belongs to China and has about 11.4 million inhabitants. The administrative center is located on an area of ​​1991 square meters. km. Shenzhen is a free economic zone. It attracts many foreign companies due to the price of land and inexpensive labor.

Seoul 16,700 people/sq. km.

Seoul is the main city of Korea with a population of more than 10 million inhabitants. The city covers an area of ​​605 square meters. km. Seoul is home to many industrial enterprises.

Taipei 15150 people/sq. km.

Taipei is located in China and occupies almost 272 square meters. km. The number of inhabitants in the city is 2.7 million people. Taipei is the industrial center of China, home to a large number of enterprises.

Chennai 14300 people/sq. km.

The Indian city is inhabited by more than 4.5 million. Chennai occupies an area of ​​181 square meters. km. The city is the automotive hub of India and has a large cargo port. Chennai is also widely represented in the banking sector and has its own stock exchange.

The most spacious countries in the world

States with the lowest population density usually have large areas, but due to topography and other factors, residents choose only suitable areas.

Mongolia 2 persons/sq. km.

Mongolia is the most sparsely populated country located in East Asia. A state with an area of ​​more than 1.5 million square meters. km. and a population of more than 3 million people, consists of to a greater extent from the desert and mountains.

Namibia 2.6 people/sq. km.

The Republic of Namibia is located in South Africa. The country has access to the Atlantic Ocean. More than half of the territory belongs to deserts and mountains.

Australia 2.8 people/sq. km.

Australia is located on the mainland and has a large area. It also includes islands. Many of them are uninhabited. Residents prefer to live in coastal areas state, since more than half of the territory belongs to deserts.

Suriname 3 persons/sq. km.

The Republic of Suriname is located in South America near Guyana. Most of the country's territory is not suitable for agriculture, so the population tends to settle closer to the Atlantic Ocean.

Iceland 3.1 people/sq. km.

Iceland belongs to Northern Europe and is located on a small island in the Atlantic Ocean. About 350 thousand people live in the state. There are mountains and active volcanoes on the island.

Mauritania 3.1 people/sq. km.

The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is located in West Africa. On an area of ​​more than 1 million square meters. km. about 3.3 million people live. Due to the fact that more than half of the country's territory is desert, people settle closer to the water. The state has access to the Atlantic Ocean.

Libya 3.3 people/sq. km.

Libya, a large area, is located in North Africa. More than 90% of the state's territory belongs to deserts, so the population occupies the remaining suitable land.

Botswana 3.4 people/sq. km.

The Republic of Botswana is located in South Africa. In terms of area, the country occupies more than 500 thousand square meters. km, but almost 2/3 of the territory is desert and swamps. More than 2 million people live in the republic.

Canada 3.5 people/sq. km.

Canada is in North America. More than 34 million people live in the country, but they are mostly settled closer to the border with the United States. More than half of the territory has harsh weather conditions and mountainous terrain, resulting in uneven settlement over a large area.

Guyana 3.5 people/sq. km.

The Republic of Guyana is located in the northeast of South America. It has access to the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Almost the entire population of the country lives in coastal areas. Even though Guyana is located in South America, official language she speaks English.

About 730 thousand people live in the country.

Population Density Outlook

Every year the population on Earth is increasing. This leads to the fact that previously uninhabited territories are gradually occupied by people for living. Many species of animals and plants are disappearing. People strive to move to highly developed countries to improve their lives and find decent work.

This leads to overpopulation of cities and states and a struggle for resources.

The populations living in the countries with the highest densities are distributed unevenly. Most live in cities, and in rural areas the number of people per 1 sq. km. the territory is low.

Article format: E. Chaikina

Useful video about countries with the highest population density

Story about population density in Japan:

The video lesson is dedicated to the topic “Population of Europe”. This lesson will help you develop knowledge about the population of the region and identify patterns in the formation of the population of Foreign Europe. The teacher will tell you about the main characteristics of the European population and give examples of the largest nations.

Topic: Regional characteristics of the world. Foreign Europe

Lesson: Population of Europe

The population of Europe is more than 500 million people. The region has a rather difficult demographic situation.

IN Lately population foreign Europe began to increase very slowly. This is explained by the fact that the reproduction of the region’s population is characterized by a difficult demographic situation. In some countries there is even a natural population decline. At the same time, the age composition of the population is changing, and the proportion of older people is growing.

Characteristic of almost all European countries modern type population reproduction. Countries with minimal rates of natural population growth (population decline): Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary.

Rice. 1. Map of population growth/decline in European countries (green - population growth, red - decline). ()

All this led to a sharp change in the region’s share in the global system of external population migrations. Having been the main center of emigration since the Great Geographical Discoveries, foreign Europe has become the world's main center of labor immigration. Now there are 18 - 20 million foreign workers, a significant part of whom are not citizens, but temporary guest workers (in German, “guest workers”).

In terms of national composition, the population of foreign Europe is relatively homogeneous: the vast majority of the 62 peoples of the region belong to the Indo-European language family. At the same time, related languages ​​of the Slavic, Romance, and Germanic groups have significant similarities. The same is true for the languages ​​of the Uralic family. However, the ethnic map of the region, which has evolved over thousands of years, is not so simple. Along with single-national ones, there are many states with a complex national composition.

Types of state by national composition:

Uninational (i.e. the main nationality is over 90%). There are most of them in Europe (Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Austria, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Italy, Portugal),

With a sharp predominance of one nation, but with the presence of more or less significant minorities (Great Britain, France, Spain, Finland, Romania);

Binational (Belgium);

Multinational countries with a complex and ethnically diverse composition (Switzerland, Latvia, etc.).

In many countries there are complex problems of interethnic relations: Great Britain, Spain (Basques), France (Corsica), Belgium, Cyprus, etc.

The most common languages ​​in Foreign Europe: French, German, Italian, English.

In all countries of foreign Europe, the dominant religion is Christianity. In Southern Europe, Catholicism sharply predominates, in Northern Europe - Protestantism; and in the Middle they are in different proportions. The world center of Catholicism, the Vatican, is located in Rome. In the southeastern and eastern countries of Foreign Europe they profess Orthodoxy. Islam is practiced in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Foreign Europe is one of the most densely populated regions of the world. Moreover, the distribution of the population in it is primarily determined by the geography of cities. The level of urbanization here is one of the highest in the world: on average, 74%, and in some countries, more than 80% and even 90% of the total population live in cities. The total number of cities is measured in many thousands, and their network is very dense. Gradually, over thousands of years, a Western European type of city emerged, the roots of which go back to the times of the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages.

A characteristic feature of the urbanization of foreign Europe is a very high concentration of the population in cities and urban agglomerations. The largest of them are London, Paris and Rhine-Ruhr. In the 70s After a period of rapid growth of cities and agglomerations, an outflow of population began from their centers (nuclei), first to near and far suburbs, and then to more distant small towns and rural areas (“green wave”). As a result, the number of residents in the central areas of London, Paris, Hamburg, Vienna, Milan and many other cities either stabilized or even began to decline. This process is called suburbanization in science.

The largest number of migrants go to the following countries: France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Austria. In addition, Foreign Europe is characterized by migration within the region - and from east to west.

Rice. 3. London is one of the largest cities in Foreign Europe ()

Homework

Topic 6, P.1

1. What are the features of the distribution and reproduction of the population in Foreign Europe?

2. Give examples of foreign European countries with a demographic crisis.

Bibliography

Main

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Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

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Materials on the Internet

1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ().

2. Federal portal Russian Education ().

Population of Europe

More than 700 million people lived in the territory of Foreign Europe in 2016. The population of the region has been increasing, especially in the last 10 years, due to the influx of migrants from developing countries.

Note 1

Migrants are distributed unevenly across European countries; in those countries where their flow is more intense, the population is increasing. In countries with little immigration, the population gradually declines due to low natural growth.

In this regard, the exception is Albania, where natural increase is quite high. Historically, the population in the region was concentrated where better conditions for living, where you can engage in agriculture, and this, naturally, is the southern regions of Europe.

In the Middle Ages, socio-economic factors began to come to the fore and the northwestern parts of the region became densely populated.

Figure 1. Population density in Europe. Author24 - online exchange of student work

Today, small countries have the maximum population density, for example, the Netherlands, where per 1 sq. km there are 390 people, in Belgium – 320 people per square meter. km.

Finished works on a similar topic

• Course work Population density in Europe 480 rub.
• Essay Population density in Europe 230 rub.
• Test Population density in Europe 220 rub.

In northwestern Germany, northeastern France, and southeastern Great Britain, the density reaches 1000 people per square meter. km. These territories are part of the Rhineland, English megalopolises and the Paris agglomeration. The concentration of the urban population in these areas is associated with the development of post-industrial sectors of the economy.

Within the European region there are microstates whose population density is very high, for example, Malta, San Marino, Monaco. The leading sector of the economy of these countries is tourism.

One of the smallest European states is the Principality of Monaco, located on an area of ​​2.02 square meters. km. In 2016, 32,087 people lived in this small territory, hence the density in the country is about 17 thousand people per square meter. km.

Towards the north-east of Europe, population density decreases noticeably. In Iceland, which occupies the northernmost position among European countries, the interior is almost uninhabited, and the average population density is about 10 people per square meter. km.

For countries Northern Europe There are also internal contrasts in the distribution of the population. In southern Finland, for example, the population density is more than 50 people per square meter. km, while in the north of the country the density is less than 1 person per square meter. km.

There are differences in population density in those countries where there are mountains, these areas tend to have very low population densities.

Of the European countries, Germany is the largest state in terms of population; 82.8 million people live on its territory, and the average density is 230 people per square meter. km. The densely populated Rhine metropolis stands out here. The density indicator nowhere here falls below 50 people per square meter. km.

The second largest population belongs to Great Britain, where 66.0 million people lived in 2017. Throughout almost the entire country, with the exception of the northern highlands of Scotland, the density remains at around 100 people per square meter. km. The maximum density in the southeast of the country is about 1000 people per square meter. km.

The population of France is 65.2 million people, and the population density will be higher in the outlying territories of the country - more than 100 people per square meter. km. The central part of France is less populated and the density will be lower - less than 50 people per square meter. km.

Another large European country in terms of population is Italy, where 60.4 million people live. The maximum population density here is observed in the Po River valley - up to 1000 people per square meter. km. The mountainous regions in the center and north of the country are sparsely populated, and accordingly, the population density in some places is less than 10 people per square meter. km.

Population of major European cities

There are about 40 millionaire cities on the territory of Foreign Europe.

These are, first of all, the capitals of European states:

• London (8.8 million),
• Berlin (about 4.0 million),
• Madrid (3.2 million),
• Rome (2.8 million people),
• Paris (2.2 million).

Other capitals are Budapest, Bucharest. Vienna, Warsaw, Belgrade have smaller populations - from 1.5 to 2.1 million people.

Athens is home to 950 thousand people, but together with the suburbs and the port of Piraeus, the population of this conglomerate increases sharply and amounts to more than 3 million people.

Cities such as Warsaw, Budapest, Paris are densely populated and have a high population density. Berlin and Madrid are large both in terms of the number of inhabitants and the area they occupy.

An extensive urban network is characteristic of Central Europe, and the urban agglomerations of Northern and Southern Europe have a well-defined coastal character.

The most low performance urbanization is observed in the east of Foreign Europe.

Despite the fact that 75% of the population lives in cities, Foreign Europe has lost its leadership in urbanization processes. The overall urbanization rate per year is 0.5%.

Today, according to scientists, there is new type agglomerations, called interstate megalopolises.

In Western Europe, this type covered 5 countries - England, France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, on an area of ​​230 thousand square meters. km. 85 million people live within this zone.

Also characteristic is the replacement of urbanization processes with other processes that will become the basis for new types of agglomerations.

Among them are the following types:

suburbanization, associated with the process of moving citizens to suburban areas;

an increase in the number of small towns far from industrial centers;

the process of deurbanization is the opposite of urbanization; the process of ruralization associated with the outflow of population to rural areas.

Demographic problems of Foreign Europe

The countries of Western Europe and the region as a whole are characterized by a common problem associated with “population aging”.

Figure 2. Demographic problems Foreign Europe. Author24 - online exchange of student work

On the one hand, life expectancy increases, and on the other hand, natural growth decreases, which remains at 1.5%.

As forecasts of experts in the field of demography show, the population of Europe by 2050 will decrease by 30 million people, and the number of pensioners over 80 years of age will increase.

A population decline of 19% is expected in Romania and Germany, the population of Bulgaria will decrease by 27%, in Latvia the population is projected to decrease by 26%, and in Lithuania by 20%.

The demographic situation in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Austria is particularly difficult; the fertility level and birth rate in these countries are the lowest.

The mortality rate in European countries is significantly lower compared to the former Soviet republics, but higher than the world average and amounts to 10 people per 1000 population.

Expanded reproduction is observed in several European countries - Albania, France, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Macedonia. In other countries, reproduction is of a narrowed nature, or “zero”, which does not ensure the replacement of generations.

In addition, 11 countries have negative natural growth - Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Germany, Estonia, Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Croatia. Experts believe that these countries have already entered the stage of depopulation.

Note 2

In Eastern European countries, the deterioration of the demographic situation is associated with low birth rates, high mortality rates, and negative natural growth. But not only purely demographic factors influence the current demographic situation, but also socio-economic difficulties, changes in social systems, and political instability in many of them.