Write a message about the importance of a person's weight. How to quickly and accurately calculate your correct weight. Why gender is not taken into account

When a football player or volleyball player hits the ball, the ball obediently flies in a given direction, but the athlete remains in place, although his arms or legs also feel the impact of the ball. Everyone knows this from playing beach volleyball - then your hands are red and sore. But the impact on the ball and the hand during the strike is different.

This is because the mass of the ball and the person is different. If, however, one ball hits another, calmly lying, then both balls will scatter in different directions, and, moreover, with a decent speed. This is because the masses of the balls are approximately equal. Mass is a measure of the inertia of a body. The less inertia a body has, the less its mass, and therefore the ball flies easily and far on impact. And a person has a much greater inertia, that is, mass, and, accordingly, almost does not feel the impact of the ball on himself.

Body mass in physics: measurement of mass

Acquaintance with the concept of body mass in physics begins in the seventh grade. The unit of measurement for body weight is one kilogram. But in practice, other units are also used - grams, milligrams, tons, etc. To measure body weight, there are different ways. One of them is a comparison of the speeds of bodies after interaction. For example, if one ball flew twice as fast as the other after the collision, then it is obviously twice as light. Another, simpler and more familiar way of measuring mass is to measure body weight on a scale, that is, weighing, to put it simply. When weighing, body weight is compared with bodies, whose masses are known - by special weights. Weights exist in 1, 2 kilograms, 100, 200, 500 grams and so on. There are also special pharmacy weights weighing several grams. A body weighing a few milligrams, for example, a mosquito, can be weighed on special analytical scales. At present, almost universally used for weighing is not mechanical, but electronic balance, the principle of which is the effect of body weight on a special sensor that converts this weight into a specific electrical signal. But the essence remains the same - we know in advance what effect this or that weight has on the sensor, and therefore we can judge the weight of the object by the signals received from the sensor, converting this signal into numbers on the scoreboard.

The calculation of the body mass of very large objects, such as the earth, sun or moon, as well as very small objects: atoms, molecules, is carried out in other ways - through the measurement of velocities and other physical quantities included in the various laws of physics along with the mass.

Our meeting today is dedicated to amazing property matter - gravity (gravitation). The attraction of the Earth is so habitual and natural that we do not notice it. But what do we know about earth's gravity?

Let's figure out how it arises, what it depends on and how the earth's gravity manifests itself.

The force of gravity

Mutual attraction of all bodies in the universe was open. This attraction is called the gravitational interaction.

He also established the dependence of these forces on the mass of interacting bodies and the distance between them.

The greater the mass of bodies, the greater the force of their attraction. But as the distance increases, it decreases.

For us - earthlings, the gravitational force of our planet is especially important. The force with which the Earth pulls a body towards itself is called the force of gravity.

It decreases with distance from the earth's surface and is always directed towards the center of the earth. I.e the globe attracts external bodies in the same way as a material point. Our planet is slightly flattened at the poles (about 27 km), and the gravity at these points slightly exceeds the attraction at the equator or at other latitudes. Accordingly, the force of gravity at the top of the mountain is slightly less than at its foot.

The symbol F heavy is used to denote this force.

body weight, weightlessness

So, gravity is the result of the interaction of bodies with the Earth. But in Everyday life we often use the concept of body weight. Let's find out what this value is.

To do this, mentally transport ourselves to a motionless elevator. The weight of its passengers P will be equal to the force of gravity (P = F heavy). In an accelerating elevator, the force of gravity is unchanged, but the weight will begin to increase. This is felt as an increase in pressure from the side of the support - the floor. The elevator descends, gradually slowing down. The support pressure will become less, i.e. When the force of gravity remains constant, the weight decreases.

... Traces left by a person, animals or vehicles on wet sand or snow just confirm the effect of these bodies on a support.

Body weight is the force with which stationary bodies act on a support or stretch a suspension.

It must be remembered that gravity is applied to the center of the object, and the weight is applied to the support or suspension.

What happens to the weight of the body if the support or suspension disappears? The body will start free fall. And since the resistance to its further movement has disappeared, the weight of the body will become equal to zero. For bodies in free fall, a state of weightlessness occurs.

A weightless flying skydiver before the parachute opens, visitors to the roller coaster after passing the highest point, and, in general, each jump up is a few seconds of weightlessness before landing.

But why astronauts experience weightlessness in orbit after turning off the engines on the spacecraft? Interacting with the Earth, these space objects tend to free fall, but their horizontal speed is so high (about 8 km / s) that they cannot fall and fly in their orbit, describing a turn after a turn around the Earth.

Effect of Archimedean force on body weight

Until now, we have considered the manifestations of gravity, assuming that the interaction takes place in an airless medium. And how will the presence of a gas or liquid affect the weight of the body?

The answer to this question was given by one of the most worthy sons of ancient Greece - Archimedes as early as 3 thousand years BC.

The scientist argued that as a result of the interaction of a body with a medium (liquid or gas), a buoyant force arises, directed vertically upwards. Its numerical value is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.

The weight of a body in a liquid or gas is always less than the weight of this body in vacuum by the value of the buoyant force.

If the object is hermetically pressed to the bottom, the Archimedean force does not arise.

Weight

We are already familiar with the concept of weight. Let's talk about weight:

Initially, mass was understood as the amount of matter contained in the body.
Then its connection with inertia was established. The greater the mass, the more inert the body.
It also determines the gravitational features of the body. More massive bodies have more gravitational force.
The mass of a given body will be the same both on Earth and on the Moon or on any other planet. It does not depend on geographic latitude.
For its designation, the letter m is used, measured in kg.

Weight, like any force, is measured in newtons (N). There is a formula that relates mass and body weight:

here g - acceleration free fall.

Free fall

Falling bodies studied by the Italian scientist Galileo. He observed the movement of bodies, dropping them from a very high inclined tower located in the city of Pisa. By the name of the city, this 55 m high tower was called Pisa.

Galileo simultaneously dropped a cannonball weighing 80 kg and a small metal ball. They touched the ground at almost the same time. The scientist concluded that the only reason for non-simultaneous landing of balls is air resistance.

The fall of bodies in airless space only under the influence of gravity is called free fall.

Under terrestrial conditions, we can observe this phenomenon only approximately. Because atmospheric air interferes with a freely falling body.

With this movement, the speed of falling bodies increases every second by 9.81 m/s.

That is the free fall acceleration g = 9.81 m/ and only slightly changes with changes in the geographical latitude of the place. In calculations, g \u003d 10 m / s 2 is often taken.

On the Moon, where the force of attraction is 6 times less, g \u003d 1.6 m / s 2.

Now there is a very active study of the "red planet" - Mars. Its mass is almost 10 times less than that of our native planet. It would seem that the weight of the bodies should also decrease by a factor of 10. However, the radius of Mars is almost 2 times smaller than the radius of the Earth, which leads to an increase in gravity by almost 4 times. Ultimately, gravity, like body weight, will only be 1/3 of Earth's gravity.

Similarly, you can find out the gravity of a body on any planet. Say, an astronaut, whose weight on Earth is 80 kg, on the giant planet Jupiter will weigh 161.2 kg.

Moment of gravity

Every body has center of gravity. If you mentally hang a body behind it, it will retain its original position. For example, the center of gravity of a ball is located at its geometric center. The lower the position of the center of gravity, the more stable the position of the body. Therefore, a skier rushing down the mountain crouches slightly. Thus, he shifts his center of gravity downward, thereby increasing his stability.

“Familiar” with the laws of physics and the well-known tumbler toy. Its center of gravity is at the bottom, since the weight is fixed there. And even a slight deviation of this toy to the side raises the center of gravity. Gravity creates a torque that restores the vertical position of the body.

The moment of gravity is the product of the force of gravity and the shoulder of this force:

M= F strand L=mgL,

where
M is the moment of gravity;
L is the shoulder of this force, that is, the perpendicular between the line of application of the force and the center of rotation.
The unit of torque is 1Nm.

When placing loads in cars or on ships, always place them as low as possible. This provides stability, protects the freight transport from overturning.

The work of gravity

Does a freely falling body do work? For example, a meteorite that came to us from the depths of space, an apple that fell from a branch, or a falling waterfall.

With any vertical change in the position of the body, its center of gravity either falls or rises. The force of gravity does work

where mg = F heavy.

If the body goes down, the work is positive; if it goes up, it is negative. On a closed path, when a body is thrown vertically upwards and then, falling freely, returns to the starting point, the work is 0.

Conclusion

Gravity has played a huge role in the adaptation of man and animals to life on land. Thanks to the force of gravity, we walk on the earth, and do not fly away into space. It keeps the atmosphere of planets and water in the oceans. We owe it to the movement of the planets and their satellites in our solar system.

Our acquaintance with terrestrial gravity is over. For many centuries, people have been looking for ways to free themselves from earthly fetters. So far, the secrets of antigravity have not been revealed.

But mankind managed to overcome the earth's gravity and achieve fantastic success in space exploration.

If this message was useful to you, I would be glad to see you

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 14"

Scientific - research project

"Proportion of height and weight of a person"

Completed:

Dorofeev Maxim

6 "B" class

Supervisor:

Zinina Natalya Gennadievna

mathematic teacher

Arzamas, 2013

Content

1. Introduction.

2. The proportion of a person's height and weight.

2.1. Our ideal weight. Perelman and Cooper formulas.

2.2. Dwarfs and giants.

3. Practical part.

3.1. Study of the "proportion" of height and weight of a group of students

MBOU "Secondary School No. 14"

3.2. Determination of percentage deviations in weight from school students from the norm.

3.3. "Deviation formula" of real weight from ideal, taking into account age.

4. Conclusions.

5. Literature.

6. Applications.

1. Introduction

Purpose of the study: to study the proportions of height and weight of students in grades 1, 4, grades 6 and grades 9.

Tasks:

study the proportions of height and weight of students on the basis of a medical examination;

analysis of initial data according to the formulas of Perelman and Cooper;

calculation of weight deviation from the norm;

determination of the real formula for weight deviation from the norm, taking into account age features students;

derivation of the "arithmetic mean deviation" formula.

Object of study: Perelman and Cooper formulas for calculating the ideal weight depending on a person's height.

Subject of study: proportion of a person's height and weight.

Research methods: study of theoretical material, collection of information, analysis and synthesis of the data obtained; presentation preparation.

Literature research on the topic "Proportion of height and weight of a person"

1. Glazer G.I. "History of mathematics at school grade 5-6", this tutorial which deals with history, facts from the development of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, historical problems. Several paragraphs talk about proportions, their definition, history of development, application in various fields.

2.Depman I.Ya. "Beyond the Pages of a Mathematics Textbook". This tutorial consists of 12 chapters. The chapter "Development of arithmetic and algebra" tells about the creation of the doctrine of relations, about the equality of such relations, that is, proportions, their properties, and application in various fields.

3. Mayskaya A. "Secrets of beauty." This book talks about what is considered ideal weight, the causes of deviation from the norm and what it can lead to, as well as proper nutrition how to correct figure defects, how to use cosmetics and much more.

4. Perelman Ya.I. "Live Mathematics". The presented book contains various puzzles, mathematical games, entertaining tasks that can be solved using proportions.

5. Perelman Ya.I. "Entertaining Geometry". This book consists of 12 chapters, they discuss familiar geometric relationships in the world of things and phenomena, show the application of geometric knowledge in practice in difficult cases of life. In this manual, geometry goes out of the walls of the school room into the forest, into the field, onto the road; a "variegated" selection of tasks is proposed, curious in terms of the plot, unexpected in terms of the result. In the chapter "Big and Small in Geometry" there is a paragraph where Perelman's formula for normal weight is considered, as well as giants and dwarfs, and the relationship between the weight of a giant and a dwarf.

6. Guidelines of the Department of Health of the Administration of Nizhny Novgorod, where tables of the ratio of height and weight of girls and boys of school age are given, showing normal height and weight, as well as deviations with deficiency and excess.

6. Internet resources, where information was taken about giants and dwarfs in various countries, as well as the ratio of height and weight of giants and dwarfs.

Proportion from the Latin word proporti o, means "proportion", a certain ratio of parts to each other.

one). In mathematics, the equality of two ratios

A: B = C: D

where A and D are the extreme members of the proportion;

B and C are the middle terms of the proportion.

2). In modern Russian, the word proportion has a connotation of "norm, the right amount."

This shade of meaning is expressed in combination of the word proportion with prepositions in and without: to give something in proportion (in the right amount), without proportion (immoderately).

The doctrine of relationships and proportions developed especially successfully in the 4th century BC in Ancient Greece, famous for its works of art, architecture, and developed crafts. Proportions were associated with ideas about beauty, order and harmony, about consonant chords in music. The theory of relations and proportions was detailed in the Elements of Euclid (3rd century BC), where, in particular, the proof of the basic property of proportion is also produced.

Proportionality in nature, art, architecture means the observance of certain ratios between the sizes of individual parts of a plant, sculpture, building, and is an indispensable condition for the correct and beautiful image of an object.

2. Proportion of height and weight of a person

If we accept that all human bodies are geometrically similar (this is true only on average), then we can calculate the weight of people by their height, assuming that

a man with a height of 165 cm (average height) weighs 64 kg (this is the average body weight for men different peoples),

and a woman with a height of 155 cm (average height) weighs 55 kg (average body weight for women of different nations).

The results obtained from such calculations may seem unexpected to many.

Let us determine, for example, what body weight can be considered normal for a man whose height is 10 cm below average.

In everyday life, this problem is often solved like this:

subtract from the normal weight of a man of average height such a part of the weight that 10 cm is from 165 cm, that is, reduce 64 kg by (10:165) from 64 kg, we calculate:

10: 165 = 0.06 kg

64 * 0.06 = 3.88 kg

64 - 3.88 = 60.12 kg

The resulting weight - 60.12 kg is considered the answer.

This is a wrong calculation.

The correct weight will be obtained if you calculate it from the proportions:

64: X \u003d 165 3: 155 3

X \u003d 64 * (155: 165) 3

whence X is approximately equal to 53 kg.

The difference with the usually obtained result is very significant - 8kg.

Similarly, for a man who is 10 cm taller than average, the normal weight is calculated from the proportions:

64: X = 165 3: 175 3

X \u003d 64 * (175: 165) 3

Now X = 76 kg, that is, 12 kg more than the average.

This increase is much more significant than is usually thought. Undoubtedly, such calculations, correctly performed, should be of no small importance in medical practice when determining normal weight, when calculating the dose of drugs, and so on.

2.1. Our ideal weight

Are you overweight? Is that true, or are you just not as emaciated as the models in the magazines? (Many of these girls just have bad metabolism and health issues.)

Here is the formula for calculating the ideal weight (Cooper's formula) - knowing your height, you can determine your optimal weight in order to look good and be healthy:

multiply your height in inches (1 inch = 0.0254 meters) by 3.5 and subtract 108 to get your ideal weight in pounds (1lb = = 0.453kg).

Example: let's say your height is 172cm = 1.72m,

1.75 * 3.5: 0.0254 -108 \u003d 129 * 0.453 \u003d 58.4 kg.

Now measure your wrist - if it is more than 16.5 cm, then you have a genetically wide bone. In this case, add 10% of your ideal weight to your ideal weight. If less than 16.5 cm, then subtract 10% of the ideal weight.

Let's say your wrist is 3.5 cm, that is, 13.5 cm is less than 16.5 cm.

10% of 58.4; that is, 58.4 * 0.1 \u003d 5.8 kg.

So your ideal weight would be 52.6kg.

Now you know exactly your weight. (Secrets of beauty. - M .: OLMA-PRESS, 2000. - Mayskaya A.)

The Department of Health of the Administration of Nizhny Novgorod has developed guidelines for the ideal height and weight of girls and boys of various ages.

Table of ideal height and weight for girls of different ages

7 years

10 years

11 years

12 years old

13 years old

14 years old

15 years

16 years

growth

123cm

140cm

145cm

152 cm

159cm

162cm

163 cm

165 cm

weight

22.7kg

30.9kg

35.3kg

40 kg

45.5kg

49.1 kg

51.4 kg

54.8 kg

Table of ideal height and weight for boys of different ages

7 years

10 years

11 years

12 years old

13 years old

14 years old

15 years

16 years

growth

123cm

130cm

144cm

150cm

156cm

164cm

171cm

177cm

weight

23kg

31.5kg

34.4kg

38.1kg

42.8kg

50.2kg

55.5kg

61kg

2.2 Giants and dwarfs

What, then, should be the relation between the weight of the giant and the dwarf? To many, I am sure, it will seem implausible that a giant can be 50 times heavier than a dwarf. Meanwhile, a correct geometric calculation leads to this conclusion.

One of the highest giants, whose existence is well attested, was

Austrian Winkelmeyer whose height is 278cm;

the other, the Alsatian Crow, was 275 cm tall;

the third, the Englishman O. Brik, who was said to have lit his pipe from street lamps, reached 268cm.

All of them were a full meter taller than a person of normal height.

On the contrary, dwarfs reach about 75 cm in adulthood - a meter below normal height.

What is the ratio of the volume and weight of the giant to the volume and weight of the dwarf?

It equals

275 3: 75 3 or 11 3: 3 3 = 49.

This means that the giant is equal in weight to almost fifty dwarfs!

And if you believe the report about the Arabian dwarf Agiba with a height of 38 cm and about the tallest giant with a height of 320 cm, then this ratio will become even more significant: the highest giant is more than eight times higher than this dwarf, and, therefore, 593 times heavier.

More reliable is the message of Buffon, who measured the dwarf at 43 cm tall: this dwarf is 405 times lighter than the giant.

In Russia, the most tall man, was

Alexander Sizonenko - basketball player, height - 245 cm,

and a dwarf - Konstantin Morozov, height - 63 cm.

3. Practical part

3.1 Study of the "proportion" of height and weight of students in grades 1, 4, 6, 9 MBOU "Secondary School No. 14"

We studied students of four classes of different ages and saw significant deviations in their weight from the norm.

Studies have shown that schoolchildren are actually underweight (see appendices 1-4).

In the diagram for schoolchildren of the 1st grade, we see that

Lack of weight have:

up to 3 kg - 20%

up to 6 kg - 25%,

up to 9kg - 20%,

up to 12 kg - 8%,

over 12kg - 0%

Overweight have:

up to 3 kg - 15%,

up to 6 kg - 5%,

up to 9 kg - 0%,

up to 12 kg - 0%,

over 12 kg - 5%.

For schoolchildren of the 4th grade, the deviations are as follows:

Lack of weight have:

up to 3 kg - 15%,

up to 6 kg - 15%,

up to 9 kg - 20%,

up to 12 kg - 15%,

over 12 kg - 25%.

Overweight have:

up to 3 kg 10% of children

For 6th grade students, the deviations are as follows:

Lack of weight have:

up to 3 kg - 10%,

up to 6 kg - 10%,

up to 9 kg - 10%,

up to 12 kg - 15%,

over 12 kg - 45%

Overweight have:

up to 3 kg - 5%,

up to 6 kg - 5%.

One child has an ideal weight.

Grade 9 students showed the following results:

Weaknesses in weight

up to 3, 6, 9.12 kg - 0%,

over 12 kg - 85%

Overweight

up to 3 kg have 15% of students.

3.2 Determining the percentage of weight deviation in students, taking into account age

Analyzing the obtained data, we see that students

1 class have a lack of weight - 75%, and an excess - 25%;

4 classes: 90% - underweight, 10% - overweight;

Grade 6: 85% - with a deficiency, and 10% - with an excess, 5% - the norm;

Grade 9: 85% - with a deficiency, 15% - with an excess.

Thus, we see that out of 80 people tested

underweight 86.25%,

and with an excess of -12.5%,

ideal weight - 1.25%.

The calculations were carried out according to the Perelman formula.

Using my data, I calculated my ideal weight using Cooper's formula: (1.52 * 3.5: 0.0254 - 108) * 0.453 - 4.596 = 41.4.

The deviation in weight turned out to be 3.9 kg,

and according to the Perelman formula - 12.34 kg.

Thus, we see that the obtained data make about the state of health of students.

3.3. Formulas for the deviation of real weight from ideal

By analyzing the data obtained during the study, we calculated the percentage of weight deviation from the norm.

Calculating the ideal weight according to the formulas of Perelman and Cooper, we noticed that the weight of the same student differs approximately from 3 to 5 kg. This made me think that these formulas are not ideal for the younger generation. And it is worth thinking about deriving a real formula, taking into account the age characteristics of schoolchildren.

I have set myself the following tasks:

determine the real formula for weight deviation from the norm, taking into account the age characteristics of schoolchildren.

Examining children in grade 1, we see that X ideal weight will range from

X real weight - 3.01 to X real weight + 3.01;

X real weight - 3.01< Х идеального веса < Х реального веса + 3,01 .

1st class - 3.01;

4th grade - 6.93;

Grade 6 - 8.63;

Grade 9 - 16.99.

This shows that the coefficient of deviation from the norm is different for children of different ages.

This is due to the fact that children elementary school behind Kindergarten and home comfort with mom, which significantly affects the height and weight of the child. At this age, there is no need to regulate weight, as children need excess calories.

In the next group of children (middle link), we see that the coefficient of deviation from the norm increases. This is due to the fact that the children have moved from elementary school and have not yet had time to adapt to the unusual school environment (change of classrooms, the least intensity of physical development is observed).

The third group of children is adolescence. At this time, a rapid physical restructuring of the body, which is accompanied by high energy costs. Therefore, the formula actually derived by us (taking into account age characteristics).

X real weight - 3.01< Х идеального веса < Х реального веса + 3,01

X real weight - 6.93< Х идеального веса < Х реального веса + 6,93

X real weight - 8.63< Х идеального веса < Х реального веса + 8,63

X real weight - 16.99< Х идеального веса < Х реального веса +16,99

In the course of the study, having studied the “proportion” of the height and weight of schoolchildren, analyzing the data, we calculated the percentage of deviation from the norm; determined the real formula, taking into account the age characteristics of schoolchildren.

E \u003d (X average of real weight ± E deviations): X average of ideal weight

we saw that

E1 (1.05; 0.83)

E2 (0.99; 0.67)

E3 (0.93; 0.76)

E4 (0.95; 0.52)

That is, we see that E average decreases with age.

4. Conclusion

Undoubtedly, each person needs to know their own weight, such knowledge is necessary and of no small importance in medical practice (when determining normal weight, when calculating the dose of drugs, and more).

Normal weight ˗ is primarily healthy lifestyle life and a balanced diet. Improper nutrition leads to a deviation in weight, which leads to the occurrence various diseases, premature death, reduced life expectancy.

Energy from food is used to:

Basic metabolism (maintenance of the basic vital functions of the body).

Specific dynamic action of food. The most pronounced increase in metabolism is observed when taking protein foods.

In children - for growth and development. This is approximately 15% of the total energy. For 1 g of weight gain due to the synthesis of new tissues, 6.8 kcal is consumed. Given the increase in body weight over a certain period, you can calculate how many kcal you need to add to your daily diet.

On the move.

The calorie content of food should cover energy costs, but not exceed them. If this happens, then there is excess weight.

The research topic "the proportion of height and weight of schoolchildren" is relevant, today this topic can be considered in the future, further research can be carried out to identify the causes of the violation of the proportion and their solution, taking into account age, as well as studying the diet, since the energy supplied with food, spent in children, primarily on growth and development.

5. Literature

Glazer G.I. History of mathematics at school. A guide for teachers. M.: Education, 1964.

Depman I.Ya., Vilenkin N.Ya. Behind the pages of a mathematics textbook: A guide for students in grades 5-6. avg. school-M.: Enlightenment, 1989.

Maiskaya A. Secrets of beauty. M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2000.

Perelman Ya.I. Live mathematics. M.: State. Publishing house of physical and mathematical literature, 1962.

Perelman. ME AND. Interesting geometry. M.: State. publishing house of technical and theoretical literature, 1957.

6. Applications

Annex 1.1 (Grade 1)

Height(cm)

Real weight (kg)

Ideal weight (kg)

Deviations from ideal weight

121

0,9

120

19,5

25,1

– 5,6

120

25,1

– 5,1

136

37,5

17,5

127

30,3

– 5,3

130

32,5

– 7,5

121

18,5

26,1

– 7.6

134

25,5

– 9,5

130

32,5

– 10,5

121

– 4

122

25,93

3,07

121

24,5

– 0,5

126

28,05

28,09

0,41

128

30,37

– 5,37

122

27,5

25,93

1,57

127

27,5

29,22

– 1,72

119

21,5

23,89

– 2,39

121

– 3

130

24,5

31,55

– 7,05

134

25,5

34,01

– 8,51

Total

514

549,15

60,19

The average

arithmetic

25,7

27,46

3,01

Annex 1.2 (Grade 4)

Height(cm)

Real weight (kg)

Ideal weight (kg)

145

34,5

45,68

– 11,18

149

44,66

2,66

129

23,5

31,45

– 7,95

137

37,48

2,52

139

40,1

– 7,1

139,5

40,1

– 7,1

138,5

28,2

37,93

– 9,43

149

46,66

– 14,66

160

40,5

58,41

– 17,91

140

39,3

– 0,3

146

43,61

– 3,61

149

46,66

– 12,66

138

37,93

– 0,07

142

32,5

40,71

– 8,21

150

48,23

– 13,23

146

30,5

43,61

– 13,11

146

39,5

43,61

– 4,11

143

39,5

42,14

– 2,64

138

28,5

37,93

– 9,43

150,5

48,23

– 3,23

Total

7082

854,43

5,18

Average

35,41

42,72

0,26

Appendix 1.3 (Grade 6)

Height(cm)

Real weight (kg)

Ideal weight (kg)

Deviation from ideal weight

145

45,68

– 7,68

158

52,5

58,36

– 5,86

147

47,16

– 6,16

161

61,86

– 15,86

162

63,67

– 16,67

153

40,5

53,37

– 12,87

154

50,2

– 11,2

153

57,5

53,37

4,13

160

60,1

– 14,1

153

40,5

53,37

– 12,87

172

– 3

155

53,16

– 10,16

163

62,1

– 4,1

156

54,87

– 17,87

152

37,5

49,84

– 12,34

149

44,5

46,66

– 2,16

142

31,5

40,71

– 9,21

158

56,62

– 16,62

167

65,94

2,06

172

Total

8695

1120,44

172,57

Average

43,48

56,02

8,63

Annex 1.4 (Grade 9)

Height (cm)

Real weight (kg)

Ideal weight (kg)

Deviation from ideal weight

155

190

– 46

162

43,5

63,7

– 20,17

171

73,2

– 18,2

177

73,2

– 20,2

166

53,5

67,4

– 13,88

162

44,5

63,7

– 19.17

181

85,18

– 21,18

186

64,5

89,9

– 25,4

189

97,3

– 28,3

176,5

43,8

78,4

– 34,6

175

78,4

– 20,4

188

94,8

– 25,8

166

65,9

11,9

180

85,1

– 33,1

169

67,9

10,1

172

– 16

173

54,5

– 19,5

187

92,4

– 27,35

181

57,7

85,2

– 27,48

total

1153

1567,53

339,83

Average

57,65

78,38

16,99

The only inanimate symbol in the zodiac circle, Libra is the second sign of the air element. A distinctive feature of the representatives of this sign is the desire for harmony in everything. Sensitive to the beautiful, born diplomats, with fortitude and an unbending will to win in any rivalry, Libra often act as judges, as well as lawyers at all levels. Constancy, reliability and creative power - best qualities this sign.

The nature of the mark

The desire to evaluate everything, weigh and demand equality makes them difficult partners both in business and in love. Hesitations and doubts, difficulty making a decision, non-stop searching the best option often painfully accompany Libra in all areas of life. An infinite number of points of view on one problem often annoys people close to Libra, because in this way Libra tries to postpone the decision and shift part of the responsibility onto someone else's shoulders.

Libras often have an attractive appearance, pleasant manners in communication, neat and consistent. If you make them angry, then you can see Libra from a completely different perspective - as stubborn, aggressive fighters for justice. They have the real power of the law, although the representatives of this sign themselves often deliberately violate it. Libras are excellent organizers, managers, legislators, lawyers, artists and directors.

Possessing physical endurance and patience, they are strong athletes, military, researchers and scientists. Workaholics, who want to improve the lives of others, have physical endurance and a vital body. They have a good sense of humor, often implicitly intellectually superior to the environment.

Venus, as the symbolic ruler of Libra, gives the representatives of this sign acting abilities, a special sense of beauty, and talents in the artistic fields. Libra is sociable, somewhat distant even in closeness, often insecure and needs the support of a close circle, a strong partner. The diverse interests of Libra form a very diverse social circle in which Libra often observes interesting models, learns from experience, brings charm and charm to interesting interlocutors.

They love intellectual disputes, strive to understand culture.

Strengths and weaknesses of Libra

Indecision and rationality in matters of love can be considered the main shortcomings of Libra. Too strict assessments of the partner’s actions, the desire to make judgments with or without it, the detachment of the observer make people unbearable from Libra in personal terms. Those qualities that are most in demand in society, extremely hinder the achievement of intimacy with a loved one.

Often, Libras allow themselves to be loved, while in their personal lives they rely on the arguments of reason and social stereotypes of their circle. Both men and women of the Libra sign are prone to flirting. They like to openly sort things out, they can be jealous because of visiting an exhibition, a gift from a colleague, a new outfit for work. The best compatibility with the signs of the fire element and with your own sign. Difficulties in relationships with Cancer, Scorpio and Capricorn.

Libra Men

They always manage something or someone, manage the process, exercise the rule of law. They are difficult to comprehend for earthly women, but are attractive to representatives of the fiery element. Read full description.

Libra Women

They always strive to look good, have some kind of talent in art, are well versed in fashion and culture, often serve as a standard of beauty or demeanor. They strive to make a good impression on others, are popular, often achieve success in the profession. Read full description.

Libra Child

Hates violence and aggression, conflicts of any kind. He needs the predictability of the events of the coming day, calm communication without coercion, time for reflection and doubt. The Libra child cannot make a decision instantly. Read full description.

Sign health

Vulnerable in the lumbar region, prone to kidney and nervous diseases. Beneficial mountain air and mineral water, it is recommended to strengthen the joints, blood vessels and heart with regular physical activity. In women, the excretory system suffers, men are stronger and physically more resilient.

Interesting countries: China, Japan, Argentina, Burma, Austria, Hawaii, Egypt, England.

Significant cities: Frankfurt am Main, Copenhagen, Vienna, Antwerp, Johannesburg, St. Petersburg.

Celebrities born under the sign of Libra: Catherine Zeta-Jones, Will Smith, Dmitri Shostakovich, Ani Lorak, Gwyneth Paltrow, Brigitte Bardot, Dolphin, Monica Bellucci, Marion Cotillard, Chulpan Khamatova, Sting, Sergei Yesenin, Gwen Stefani, Kate Winslet, Vladimir Putin, Leonid Kuravlev, Marina Tsvetaeva, Yegor Beroev, John Lennon, Pavel Durov, Igor Wernick, Hugh Jackman, Margaret Thatcher, Valentin Yudashkin, Nikolai Baskov, Friedrich Nietzsche, Mikhail Lermontov, Ilya Lagutenko, Oscar Wilde, Sergei Bezrukov, Kim Kardashian, Nikita Mikhalkov, Catherine Deneuve, Ryan Reynolds

There is hardly a person who would not care about him appearance. Each of us wants to look attractive - to have ideal body proportions, maybe even become a new standard of beauty. But, as you know, we are all different - in height, age, configuration.

In many ways, a person’s self-awareness is affected by his weight. Accordingly, the higher it is, the more uncomfortable we feel. It is unlikely that there is a person who refuses to calculate the ideal weight for him. As mentioned earlier, we are all different, which means that body weight will be individual.

Ways to calculate ideal weight

We are not alike, and each has its own beauty. And in the pursuit of an ideal figure, it would not hurt to know the exact weight that you need to strive for. So it will be easier to control the path traveled and the remaining path to your standard.

When calculating your ideal weight, remember that you should first of all feel comfortable with these kilograms. Because someone is crazy about protruding collarbones, while others, on the contrary, prefer curvaceous forms.

Despite all individual preferences, doctors have set a peculiar framework for determining the shortage or excess of kilograms. To date, a great many online calculators and various tables have been developed and compiled. Many experts are studying the question of how to calculate weight by height and age, sex. But they did not come to a consensus.

The most famous calculation methods:

By Quetelet
By Brock.
According to Egorov-Levitsky.
According to Lorenz.

You can independently calculate weight by height and age using any of the methods. And having learned the treasured figure, it will be possible to begin the path to your standard.

Calculation of BMI by Adolf Quetelet

It should be noted right away that this method will not calculate the ideal weight. According to Quetelet, you need to calculate based on your current weight and height After, focusing on the result and the developed table, get information about the need to gain weight or lose weight.

This scientist calculated the body mass index by the formula: weight, kg / (height, m × height, m).

BMI table by Quetelet


Age 18-25 years old	Age 26-46 years
		Inadequate
		Underestimated, but not critical

		Excess
27.5 and above		Obesity

Example: a woman at the age of twenty-seven, one hundred and seventy centimeters tall and weighing sixty-seven kilograms. BMI = 67 / (1.7 × 1.7) = 23.18. According to the table, the index indicates weight within the normal range.

The Quetelet method is not exactly a calculation of weight for any height. Since the formula for calculations is only suitable for the average person (170-190 cm for men and 155-175 for women). If you are constantly moving and exercising in the gym, this calculation method is also not suitable for you. The advantage of BMI is that it does not push a person on the path to an invisible ideal, but assesses the real state.

Calculation of the ideal weight according to Brokk

Paul Brokk is a French surgeon and anthropologist. The formula by which it is possible to calculate the weight of a person, he invented in 1871. You can apply it for people with a height of one hundred and fifty-five to one hundred and seventy centimeters. Also a condition for the calculation is the possession of an average physique. Formula for women: weight = height, cm - 100. Then multiply the resulting figure by 0.85. For men, also subtract a hundred from height. And the result is multiplied by 0.9.

For example, for a woman with an average build and a height of 170 centimeters, the ideal weight would be 59.5 kilograms ((170 - 100) × 0.85 = 59.5).

Updated calculation according to Brokk

After some time, the formula was improved. Since the previous version required a person of average build, growth in a certain interval, people with a non-standard figure could not enter this category. For example, with heavy bone or bulky muscles. After processing by scientists, the Brocca method became more real and reliable:

for women: weight = (height - 110) × 1.15;
for = (height - 100) × 1.15.

For example, calculating the ideal weight for a woman one hundred and seventy centimeters tall will look like this: (170 - 110) × 1.15 = 69. Sixty-nine kilograms is the optimal weight for the weaker sex with a non-standard figure.

Lorenz ideal

The scientist developed a formula exclusively for representatives fair half humanity, these calculations will be inappropriate for the stronger sex. The calculation of the ideal body weight is as follows: (height - 100) - (height - 150) / 2 = body weight.

Example: a woman is one meter seventy centimeters tall. The calculation will look like this (170 - 100) - (170 - 150) / 2 = 70 - 20 / 2 = 60. So, according to the Lorentz formula, for a representative of the weak half of humanity, the ideal weight would be sixty kilograms.

Compared to Brokk's calculation, Lorenz has more stringent requirements for body weight. This formula is more suitable for eighteen-year-old girls. And if the proposed figure does not quite suit you, just forget about it and use the formula of another scientist. And plus everything, the calculation is not suitable for women above 175 centimeters.

Egorov-Levitsky method

No weight calculation formula is needed for this method. The scientist created a table indicating the maximum body weight, taking into account age and

Egorov-Levitsky table

When compiling, the developers took into account all the most important factors that form the weight. They indicated only the maximum limit, but did not specify the minimum. And, in fact, it is not necessary. After all, a person is mainly concerned about excess kilograms, and not their lack.

How to achieve your ideal weight

If, after you have calculated the weight by age, height and gender, you find that there are a couple of extra pounds, then it's time to think about eliminating them.

Trying to maintain an ideal body weight, you are doing a huge service to your body. In many developed countries, overweight people make up fifty percent of the total population. And every year their number increases exponentially. This is an additional, unnecessary burden on the human body. It suffers in more joints and internal organs. But, nevertheless, it is worth noting that thinness also does not benefit. The golden mean in the matter of weight is what any person needs.

Once you've made the decision to lose weight, don't try to find a miracle-working fast diet. Such does not exist. It will not bring benefits, but it is quite capable of weakening the body. It is best to lose weight gradually. Indeed, get rid of excess weight not difficult, difficulties appear when trying to hold it.

A weight loss method is considered safe, in which you lose from five hundred grams to one kilogram per week. If the weight goes off faster, then you burn not only fat, but also muscle fibers. And this is absolutely unacceptable. Since with well-developed muscles it is easier to maintain optimal weight.

Steps to ideal weight:

Drink a glass of pure drinking water on an empty stomach, and fifteen minutes before the start of any meal.
Don't skip breakfast. And no, you shouldn't skip any meal. After all, this way you will get hungry and eat even more next time. And, as you know, it is better to eat many times, but a little bit.
Try to reduce your fat intake.
Come to the store with a prepared shopping list. So you will not be tempted to grab something unnecessary and harmful.
Chew food thoroughly. Thus, you not only do not choke, but also get enough faster. When eating slowly, the feeling of hunger disappears more quickly.
If you feel like you haven't eaten enough and need a refill, the first thing you need to do is take your time. Sit for five minutes. And then think about whether the feeling of hunger is really so strong.
Eat strictly in the kitchen. Never eat while standing or walking.
Add a fresh fruit or vegetable to every meal.
Avoid white bread.
Simmer and bake. Try not to fry your food.
Allow yourself sweetness no more than once a week.
Give up fast food.
The optimal number of meals per day is five.
Cook your own meals more often. So you will control how it is processed and calories.