Eye cameras. What are the cameras of the eye? Symptoms of these diseases

Vision - the most important way perception of the surrounding world. If the quality of eye function decreases, this inevitably causes discomfort and reduces the quality of life. The features of an apple play an important role in how a person sees, how clearly and brightly.

Features of the structure of the eye

The human eye is a unique organ that has a special structure and properties. Thanks to this, we see the world in the colors to which we are accustomed.

There is a special fluid inside the eye that continuously circulates. The eyeball itself is divided into two parts:

1. Anterior chamber of the eye (photo presented in the article).
2. Posterior chamber of the eye.

If the functioning of the organs is not impaired by injury or disease, then the intraocular fluid spreads unhindered throughout the eyeball. The volume of a given liquid is a constant value. From a functionality point of view, the front part plays a more important role. Where is the anterior chamber of the eye located and why is it important?

Structure

To understand the structural features of the anterior part of the eye, it is important to understand the location of the anterior chamber. Considering the issue from an anatomical point of view, it becomes obvious that the anterior chamber of the eye is located between the cornea and the iris.

In the center of the eye (opposite the pupil), the depth of the anterior chamber can reach up to 3.5 mm. On the sides eyeball the anterior chamber tends to narrow. This structure makes it possible to detect possible pathologies area of ​​the eye, due to changes in the depth or angles of the anterior chamber of the eye.

Intraocular fluid is produced in the posterior chamber, after which it enters the anterior chamber and flows back through the angles (peripheral parts of the anterior chamber of the eye). This circulation is achieved by different pressure in the ophthalmic veins. This process plays a key role in the quality of human vision. Despite the apparent simplicity, difficulties often arise, which from a medical point of view is considered a disease.

Anterior chamber angle

Balance is necessary, the human body is designed in such a way that most processes are interconnected. The angles of the anterior chamber act as a drainage system through which ocular fluid passes from the anterior chamber to the posterior chamber. Where the anterior chamber of the eye is located is now clear; its corners are located on the border between the cornea and the sclera, where the iris also passes into the ciliary body.

The drainage system of the eyeball involves the following sections:

• Scleral venous sinus.
• Trabecular diaphragm.
• Collecting tubules.

Only the correct interaction of all parts makes it possible to stably regulate the outflow of ocular fluid. Any deviations can lead to increased eye pressure, the formation of glaucoma and other eye pathologies.

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye located? In the photos given in the article you can see the structure of this organ.

Role of the anterior chamber

The basic function of the eyeball cameras became clear. This is the regular production and renewal of intraocular fluid. In this process, the role of the anterior chamber is as follows:

1. Normal outflow of intraocular fluid from the anterior chamber, which guarantees its stable renewal.
2. Light conductivity and light refraction, which allows light waves to penetrate the eyeball and reach the retina.

The second function largely also lies in the posterior chamber of the eye. Considering that all parts of the organ are closely interconnected and ensure constant interaction, it is difficult to divide them into specific tasks.

Possible eye diseases

The anterior chamber of the eye is located close to the surface, which makes it vulnerable not only to internal pathologies, but also to external damage. At the same time, it is customary to divide eye pathologies into congenital and acquired.

Congenital changes in the anterior chamber of the eye:

1. Complete absence corners of the anterior chamber.
2. Incomplete resorption of embryonic tissues.
3. Incorrect attachment to the iris.

Acquired pathologies can also become a problem for vision:

1. Blockage of the angles of the anterior chamber of the eye, which does not allow intraocular fluid to circulate.
2. Incorrect dimensions of the anterior chamber (uneven depth, shallow anterior chamber).
3. Accumulation of pus in the anterior chamber.
4. Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber (which often occurs due to external trauma).

The anterior chamber of the eye is located in the organ in such a way that when the lens or detachment choroid, its depth will change. In some cases, this process is controlled by a doctor when treating concomitant diseases. In other situations, it is necessary to seek help to determine the cause of discomfort and visual impairment.

Diagnostics

Modern medicine does not stand still, constantly improving methods for diagnosing complex and subtle pathologies.

So, to determine the condition of the anterior chamber of the eye, the following measures are used:

1. Slit lamp examination.
2. Holding an apple.
3. Microscopy of the anterior chamber of the eye (helps determine the presence of glaucoma).
4. Pachymetry, or determining the depth of the chamber.
5. Measuring intraocular pressure.
6. Study of the composition of intraocular fluid and the quality of its circulation.

Based on the data obtained, the doctor is able to make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. It is important to understand that with pathologies of the anterior or posterior chamber of the eye, the quality of vision suffers, since any pathologies interfere with the formation of a clear image on the retina.

Treatment methods

The treatment method that will be chosen for the patient depends on the diagnosis. In most cases, the patient prefers to be treated on an outpatient basis, refusing hospitalization. Modern medicine allows therapy and even surgery to be carried out in this way.

It is important that the anterior chamber of the eye is close to the surface and is exposed to external factors and the ingress of additional dust microparticles. In some cases, wearing a special bandage or compress is recommended, but this decision must be made by a doctor. Self-medication is dangerous and can lead to irreversible deterioration and loss of vision.

In medicine, there are several main approaches to treatment:

1. Drug therapy.
2. Surgery.

Medicines may be prescribed by your doctor. It is important to take into account all the patient’s health features, which will help avoid allergic reactions and complications.

Eye microsurgery is a complex operation that requires high professional precision. Surgical intervention scares the patient, but given where the anterior chamber of the eye is located, it is important to remember that the decision to operate is made only in the most advanced cases. More often it is possible to get rid of pathologies using other methods.

Possible complications

As you can see in the photo above, the anterior chamber of the eye is in direct interaction with the outside world. It absorbs the effects of light rays, helping them to refract correctly and be reflected on the retina.

If the outer part of the eye is subject to mechanical damage or internal pathologies, this will inevitably affect the quality of vision. Often, hemorrhage occurs in the anterior chamber due to injury or surges in intraocular pressure. If such things are one-time in nature, then they pass quickly enough, causing only temporary discomfort.

If the pathologies are more serious (for example, glaucoma), then this can irreversibly damage the quality of vision up to its complete loss. Regular examination by an ophthalmologist is important, which will allow timely detection of abnormalities.

The cavity of the eye contains light-conducting and light-refracting media: aqueous humor that fills its anterior and posterior chambers, the lens and the vitreous body.

Anterior chamber of the eye (camera anterior bulbi) is a space limited back surface cornea, the anterior surface of the iris and the central part of the anterior lens capsule. The place where the cornea passes into the sclera, and the iris into the ciliary body, is called the anterior chamber angle ( angulus iridocornealis). In its outer wall there is a drainage system (for aqueous humor) of the eye, consisting of a trabecular meshwork, scleral venous sinus (Schlemm's canal) and collector tubules (graduates). Through the pupil, the anterior chamber freely communicates with the posterior one. In this place it has the greatest depth (2.75-3.5 mm), which then gradually decreases towards the periphery (see Fig. 3.2).

Posterior chamber of the eye (camera posterior bulbi) is located behind the iris, which is its anterior wall, and is bounded externally by the ciliary body and posteriorly by the vitreous body. The inner wall is formed by the equator of the lens. The entire space of the posterior chamber is penetrated by ligaments of the ciliary girdle.

Normally, both chambers of the eye are filled with aqueous humor, which in its composition resembles blood plasma dialysate. Aqueous humor contains nutrients, in particular glucose, ascorbic acid and oxygen consumed by the lens and cornea, and removes waste metabolic products from the eye - lactic acid, carbon dioxide, exfoliated pigment and other cells.

Both chambers of the eye contain 1.23-1.32 cm3 of fluid, which is 4% of the total contents of the eye. The minute volume of chamber moisture is on average 2 mm3, the daily volume is 2.9 cm3. In other words, complete exchange of chamber moisture occurs within 10 hours.

There is an equilibrium between the inflow and outflow of intraocular fluid. If for any reason it is disrupted, this leads to a change in the level of intraocular pressure, the upper limit of which normally does not exceed 27 mm Hg. (when measured with a Maklakov tonometer weighing 10 g). The main driving force that ensures the continuous flow of fluid from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber, and then through the angle of the anterior chamber outside the eye, is the pressure difference in the eye cavity and the venous sinus of the sclera (about 10 mm Hg), as well as in the said sinus and anterior ciliary veins.

Lens (lens) is a transparent semi-solid avascular body in the form of a biconvex lens, enclosed in a transparent capsule, with a diameter of 9-10 mm and a thickness (depending on accommodation) of 3.6-5 mm. The radius of curvature of its anterior surface at rest of accommodation is 10 mm, the posterior surface is 6 mm (with a maximum accommodation stress of 5.33 and 5.33 mm, respectively), therefore, in the first case, the refractive power of the lens averages 19.11 diters, in the second - 33.06 ditr. In newborns, the lens is almost spherical, has soft consistency and refractive power up to 35.0 ditr.

In the eye, the lens is located immediately behind the iris in a depression on the front surface vitreous- in the vitreous fossa ( fossa hyaloidea). In this position, it is held by numerous vitreous fibers, which together form the suspensory ligament (ciliary girdle).

Posterior surface of the lens. like the anterior one, it is washed by aqueous humor, since it is separated from the vitreous body almost along its entire length by a narrow gap (retrolental space - spaiium retrolentale). However, along the outer edge of the vitreous fossa, this space is limited by the delicate annular ligament of Wieger, located between the lens and the vitreous body. The lens is nourished through exchange processes with chamber moisture.

Vitreous chamber of the eye (camera vitrea bulbi) occupies the posterior part of its cavity and is filled with the vitreous body (corpus vitreum), which is adjacent to the lens in front, forming a small depression in this place ( fossa hyaloidea), and throughout the rest of its length it is in contact with the retina. The vitreous body is a transparent gelatinous mass (gel-type) with a volume of 3.5-4 ml and a weight of approximately 4 g. It contains large quantities hyachuronic acid and water (up to 98%). However, only 10% of water is associated with the components of the vitreous body, so fluid exchange in it occurs quite actively and, according to some data, reaches 250 ml per day.

Macroscopically, the vitreous stroma itself is isolated ( stroma vitreum), which is pierced by a vitreous (clockets) canal, and the hyaloid membrane surrounding it from the outside (Fig. 3.3).

The glassy stroma consists of a fairly loose central substance, in which there are optically empty zones filled with liquid ( humor vitreus), and collagen fibrils. The latter, becoming denser, form several vitreal tracts and a denser cortical layer.

The hyaloid membrane consists of two parts - anterior and posterior. The border between them runs along the dentate line of the retina. In turn, the anterior limiting membrane has two anatomically separate parts - lenticular and zonular. The boundary between them is the circular hyaloidocapsular ligament of Wieger. durable only in childhood.

The vitreous body is tightly connected to the retina only in the region of its so-called anterior and posterior bases. The first refers to the area where the vitreous body is simultaneously attached to the epithelium of the ciliary body at a distance of 1-2 mm anterior to the serrated edge (ora serrata) of the retina and 2-3 mm posterior to it. The posterior base of the vitreous body is the zone of its fixation around the optic nerve head. It is believed that the vitreous body also has a connection with the retina in the area of ​​the macula.

Glassy(clockets) channel (canalis hyaloideus) of the vitreous body begins in a funnel-shaped expansion from the edges of the optic disc and passes through its stroma towards the posterior capsule of the lens. The maximum channel width is 1-2 mm. In the embryonic period, the vitreous artery passes through it, which is empty by the time the child is born.

As already noted, in the vitreous body there is D.C. liquids. From the posterior chamber of the eye, the fluid produced by the ciliary body enters the anterior part of the vitreous through the zonular fissure. Next, the fluid that has entered the vitreous body moves to the retina and the prepapillary opening in the hyaloid membrane and flows out of the eye both through the structures of the optic nerve and through the perivascular spaces of the retinal vessels.

At physiological norm the chambers have a constant volume, which is ensured by strictly regulated formation and outflow of intraocular moisture. Its formation occurs with the participation of the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber, and the outflow of fluid occurs mostly through a system of drainages, which are located in the corner of the anterior chamber - the zone of transition of the cornea into, and the ciliary body into the iris.

The main function of the eye cameras is to maintain relationships between intraocular tissues and participate in the conduction of light to, as well as in the refraction of light rays together with the cornea. Light rays are refracted due to the similar optical properties of the intraocular fluid and the cornea, which together act like a lens that collects light rays, resulting in a clear image of objects.

The structure of the chambers of the eye

The outer border of the anterior chamber is the inner surface of the cornea, that is, the endothelium; along the periphery it borders with the outer wall of the anterior chamber, behind, with the anterior surface of the iris, as well as the anterior capsule. The chamber has an uneven depth - the greatest up to 3.5 mm in the pupillary region, and then decreasing towards the periphery. True, sometimes the depth of the anterior chamber increases, for example, after removal of the lens, or decreases, in the case of detachment of the choroid.

The location of the posterior chamber is immediately behind the anterior chamber, therefore, its anterior boundary is the posterior leaf of the iris, the posterior is the anterior section of the vitreous, the outer is the internal region of the ciliary body, and the inner is the segment of the equator of the lens. The space of the posterior chamber is all penetrated by numerous ultra-thin threads - the ligaments of Zinn, which connect the lens capsule and the ciliary body. Due to tension or relaxation of the ciliary muscle and ligaments, the shape of the lens changes, which gives a person the opportunity to see well at different distances.

The intraocular fluid that fills the chambers of the eye is similar in composition to blood plasma. It contains nutrients necessary for the normal functioning of intraocular tissues and metabolic products, which are then released into the bloodstream.

The volume of the chambers of the eye contains only 1.23-1.32 cm3 of aqueous humor, but strict correspondence between its production and outflow is extremely important for the eye. Any violations of this system, as a rule, lead to an increase in intraocular pressure (for example, with), or a decrease in it (as with subatrophy of the eyeball). Any of these conditions is very dangerous, in terms of the onset of complete or even loss of the eye.

The production of aqueous humor is occupied by the processes of the ciliary body; this occurs by filtering blood from the capillaries. Formed in the posterior chamber, moisture flows into the anterior chamber, then flowing out through the angle of the anterior chamber due to more low pressure venous vessels into which it is ultimately absorbed.

Anterior chamber angle. Structure

The anterior chamber angle is the zone of the anterior chamber, corresponding to the zone of transition of the cornea into the sclera, and the iris into the ciliary body. The most important part of this area is the drainage system, which ensures a controlled outflow of intraocular fluid into the bloodstream.

The drainage system of the eyeball involves the trabecular diaphragm, scleral venous sinus, and collector tubules. The trabecular diaphragm is a dense network with a porous-layered structure, the pore size of which gradually decreases outward, which helps in regulating the outflow of intraocular moisture. The trabecular diaphragm can be divided into uveal, corneoscleral, and juxtacanalicular plates. Having overcome the trabecular meshwork, the intraocular fluid enters the slit-like narrow space of Schlemm’s canal, located at the limbus in the thickness of the sclera of the circumference of the eyeball.

There is also an additional outflow pathway, outside the trabecular meshwork, called the uveoscleral. They pass up to 15% of the total volume of outflowing moisture, while the fluid from the angle of the anterior chamber enters the ciliary body, passes along the muscle fibers, then penetrating into the suprachoroidal space. And only from here does it flow through the veins of graduates, directly through the sclera, or through Schlemm’s canal.

The tubules of the scleral sinus are responsible for the drainage of aqueous humor into the venous vessels in three main directions: into the deep intrascleral venous plexus, as well as the superficial scleral venous plexus, into the episcleral veins, and into the network of veins of the ciliary body.

Diagnostic methods for diseases of the eye chambers

Transmitted light imaging.

Studying the anterior chamber angle using a microscope and ().

Ultrasound diagnostics, including ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Optical coherence tomography for the anterior segment of the eye.

Anterior chamber depth estimation ().

Determination of intraocular pressure ().

Detailed assessment of the production and outflow of intraocular fluid.

Congenital pathologies:

Lack of angle in the anterior chamber.

Blockage of the angle in the anterior chamber by remnants of embryonic tissue.

Anterior attachment of the iris.

Acquired pathologies:

Blockade of the anterior chamber angle with the iris root, pigment, or other.

Small anterior chamber, bombardment of the iris - occurs when the pupil is closed or circular pupillary synechia.

Uneven depth in the anterior chamber - observed with post-traumatic changes in the position of the lens or weakness of the zonules.

Hypopyon is a purulent collection in the anterior chamber.

Precipitates on the corneal endothelium.

Hyphema is blood in the space of the anterior chamber of the eye.

Goniosynechia is adhesions in the corner of the anterior chamber of the iris and trabecular diaphragm.

Recession of the anterior chamber angle is a splitting, rupture of the anterior zone of the ciliary body along the line that separates the radial and longitudinal fibers of the ciliary muscle.

The anterior chamber of the eye is a cavity completely filled with a special intraocular fluid. It is located in the space between the cornea and iris. The human visual system is very complex. Each of its elements performs certain functions and is of no small importance. Only coordinated work of all system components gives excellent results and guarantees clear vision. If at least one component does not function correctly, this negatively affects all other systems and functions.

The role of the camera is significant, but ordinary people It is difficult to understand the complex processes that occur with the sense organ every day. The eye is a powerful optical system that gives us the ability to see everything around us. Not a single modern camera can boast of such characteristics as it has human eye. At the same time, the components of the system are very gentle and delicate. It is very easy to disrupt their work. The slightest injury to the eye can lead to negative consequences.

We all need to take care of our eyesight in order to see well into old age. To do this, you only need to periodically make preventive visits to the ophthalmologist. A number of diseases of the organs of vision are asymptomatic. They can be identified by conducting special examinations. This is why it is worth undergoing annual medical examinations.

Structure

The anterior chamber is surrounded on one side by the cornea and on the other by the iris. This cavity is constantly filled with clear liquid. It comes from the posterior chamber of the eye, where it is produced by the ciliary body. Both chambers can be considered communicating vessels. The volume of intraocular fluid in them should always be the same.

The cavity is quite small. Its maximum depth is about 3.5 mm. This indicator should also be stable. Different chamber depths in different areas indicate the development of certain pathologies. An ophthalmologist can determine such quantitative and functional indicators during a standard initial examination.

This component of the visual system is of great importance in the functioning of the entire visual system, but the slightest disturbance in the functioning of the posterior chamber negatively affects other components of the organ. Their examination should be carried out in a comprehensive manner. This is the only way to maintain full vision.

Functions and tasks

The camera performs a number of important functions:

1. Removing intraocular fluid to maintain its balance;
2. Correct refraction of light rays that pass through the cornea;
3. Ensuring immune privilege of the visual organs.

Intraocular fluid has many functions. It also participates in the processes of refraction of light rays, nourishes some parts of the eye with useful substances, thanks to the presence of certain amino acids, and ensures normal intraocular pressure.

This aqueous fluid is produced by the posterior chamber, enters the anterior chamber, and its excess is removed through the angle of the chamber located at the border of the sclera and cornea. If the posterior chamber produces more intraocular fluid than necessary, or the chamber does not drain it, the volume of this substance increases, it puts pressure on the walls of the eyeball, intraocular pressure increases, and one of the forms of glaucoma develops. That is why the function of removing excess fluid is most important.

Everyone knows that the cornea is responsible for the correct refraction of light rays and the formation of a clear image. Without a clear, constant interaction of all components of the system, this function is impossible, which once again demonstrates the subtle but strong interconnection of all organs of vision.

The function of ensuring immune privilege deserves special attention. This concept was derived in medicine for generalization internal organs and systems that do not provide an immune response when actively releasing antibodies to a specific infection. When the causative agent of any disease enters the body, the immune system is activated. Then the symptoms of the disease appear. For respiratory ailments that a common person suffers most often, such symptoms are runny nose, sore throat, cough.

All this can be considered
types of immune response, the body's defense reaction. The organs of vision have immune privilege; they become inflamed under the influence of antibodies to certain viruses and bacteria. In this way, vital protection is ensured important organs from your own immune system.

The front camera has a similar function. When an infection rages in the body, vision does not suffer from it. Inflammatory processes can develop in nearby soft tissues, but this does not negatively affect the clarity of vision.

Having immune privilege does not mean that the camera is not susceptible to serious illness. Some deviations in the functioning of this organ negatively affect the entire visual system. A person may encounter the following problems:

• Lack of camera angle;
• Remaining tissue of the embryonic period in the corner area - this pathology can be detected in childhood or adulthood;
• Pathologies of iris attachment;
• Blocking the angle with iris pigments or its root;
• Pathological change in size;
• Traumatic injuries;
• Suppuration;
• Presence of blood inside the chambers;
• Increased intraocular pressure.

Such problems can be separate ailments or manifestations of other diseases. All of them negatively affect the organs of vision and require immediate treatment. To get a qualified medical care, you need to contact an experienced ophthalmologist. He will conduct an examination and make a final verdict. You must know the symptoms of diseases of the visual system in order to immediately respond to the slightest occurrence.

Symptoms of illnesses

The following symptoms are common in ophthalmological practice:

1. Severe sharp pain in the eyes;
2. Blurred objects in front of you;
3. Significant decrease in visual acuity;
4. Sudden change in eye color.

Pain in the eyes occurs due to a sharp increase or change in intraocular pressure. Tolerate these discomfort it is forbidden. Delay can lead to complete loss of vision without the possibility of recovery. First, it is necessary to determine why intraocular pressure increases in order to take the necessary measures to stabilize it.

Foggy, blurred vision, decreased visual acuity are typical symptoms of any eye disease. But it is also important to focus the doctor’s attention on them, so that he takes them into account when making a final diagnosis.

Such sensations are subjective, but a number of diagnostic tests and examinations can determine the level of clarity and acuity of vision. Similar diagnostic measures do not require significant time or financial costs, but are highly accurate and reliable.

Cloudiness of the cornea may indicate suppuration of the anterior chamber. This symptom is considered together with visual disturbances. If the patient's eye color suddenly changes, this may indicate the presence of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. This symptom is extremely alarming. In this case, the patient requires urgent surgery.

In the process of identifying pathology of the anterior chamber of the eye, the following diagnostic measures are carried out:

• Slit lamp examination;
• Ultrasound examination of the organ of vision;
• Examination of the camera angle using a powerful electron microscope;
• Cavity depth measurement;
• Tomography;
• Study of the possibility of fluid outflow through the corner;
• Measurement of intraocular pressure.

Most of these techniques are used using advanced equipment. The procedures are painless and do not require any special preparation in advance. The diagnostic results are known immediately, but only the attending physician can decipher them. He also makes a verdict regarding further treatment methods. It is extremely important to pass comprehensive examination to make a correct diagnosis.

The anterior chamber of the eye is located between the cornea (the clear membrane that covers the outside of the eye) and the iris. It consists of a transparent liquid. U healthy person the volume of this liquid does not change due to the correctly occurring processes of its production and outflow. When these processes are disrupted, various ophthalmological diseases arise, which can lead to both decreased vision and its complete loss.

Eye cameras

The organs of vision are equipped with peculiar spaces containing eye fluid. In medicine, these spaces are usually called the anterior and posterior chambers. They are connected using a hole in the center of the pupil.

Structure

The outer zone of the anterior chamber is limited to the inner part of the cornea, and the inner zone is limited to the anterior side of the iris and lens capsule. The thickness of the chamber section, which is located near the pupil, is the largest (about 3.5 mm), and towards the edges it gradually decreases. After surgery to remove the lens, it becomes thicker, and when the choroid is peeled off, it becomes thinner.

Intraocular moisture nourishes the eye tissue with valuable substances and removes metabolic products from the organs of vision into the bloodstream.

The eye chambers have the same volume, which ranges from 1.23 to 1.32 cm³ of intraocular fluid. For proper functioning of the eyes, uniform production and removal of produced moisture is very important. If this balance is disturbed, intraocular pressure is disrupted. It can increase, provoking the development of glaucoma, or decrease, causing subatrophy of the eyeball. These diseases are very dangerous and can cause blindness.

Anterior chamber angle

In medicine, the place where the cornea joins the sclera and the iris joins the ciliary body is called the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye. This is a kind of drainage channel that removes moisture into the blood. This drainage system consists of:

• trabecular diaphragm - a special network with loose multilayer tissues;
• scleral sinus;
• collector channels.

The trabecular meshwork drains fluid into Schlemm's canal, located in the sclera near the limbus and eyeball. Approximately 15% of the moisture exits through the uveoscleral canal, passing by the trabecular meshwork. This part of the fluid from the angle of the chamber moves into the ciliary body, and then into the suprachoroidal space through Schlemm’s canal or sclera.

Functions of eye cameras

The purpose of the chambers is to produce aqueous humor. This process occurs in the ciliary body, which consists of a large number of vessels and is located in the posterior chamber. The priority task of the anterior chamber is to regulate the process of removing moisture from the organs of vision. Its other functions include:

• Refraction of light (focusing of rays on the plane of the retina).
• Regulation of processes occurring in different structures of the visual organs.
• Transportation of light rays to the retinal area.

Pathologies

The emergence of any pathological process in the cells can cause decreased vision and the formation of one or another disease. Such diseases are divided into congenital and acquired.

Congenital ones include:

• lack of camera angle;
• its blockage with embryonic cells;
• abnormal fixation of the iris.

Acquired diseases include:

• Blockage of the camera corner with pigment particles.
• Uneven chamber depth. Such a disorder may occur due to displacement of the lens as a result of injury or insufficient strength and elasticity of the zonules of Zinn.
• Insufficient depth of the chamber - a violation can be caused by a closed pupil.
• Chamber angle recession is a disorder characterized by splitting or rupture of the ciliary body.
• Hypopyon is a disease characterized by the accumulation of purulent contents.
• Glaucoma – serious illness accompanied by an increase in eye pressure.
• Hyphema is a hemorrhage that occurs in the anterior chamber.
• Goniosynechia is a pathology characterized by the formation of adhesions between the cornea and the root of the iris.

Diagnostic and treatment methods

Many of the diseases listed above occur without pronounced symptoms at first and are detected only when the pathology begins to progress, and it is very difficult to cure it.

Therefore, if any, even the most minor, symptoms appear that may indicate the presence of an ophthalmological disease, you must immediately consult a doctor.

When examining a patient, the specialist first of all identifies the presence of the following symptoms in the patient:

• Painful or uncomfortable sensations in the eyes.
• Blurred images, blurred vision.
• Decreased vision clarity.
• Presence of hemorrhages in the eyes.
• Change in eye color intensity.
• The presence of purulent discharge from the organs of vision.
• Cloudiness of the cornea.

If signs that may indicate a disease are identified, the patient is referred for an extensive examination. Common methods for diagnosing diseases caused by dysfunction of the anterior chamber include:

• Biomicroscopy.
• Ultrasound of the eyes.
• Coherence tomography.
• Gonioscopy.
• Pachymetry.
• Tonometry.

Treatment of both congenital and some types of acquired pathologies is carried out surgical method. Some of them (for example, hypopyon, hyphema) can be cured with medications and other conservative measures. therapeutic methods. Medicines are also used to treat glaucoma, but this serious pathology in most cases requires surgical intervention.

To eliminate purulent inflammatory processes, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications are used. If necessary, patients are prescribed physiotherapeutic procedures to improve local blood circulation in the eyes, reduce inflammation and swelling, improve the condition of blood vessels and the overall health of the visual organs.

Glaucoma

When fighting glaucoma, the main task is to reduce IOP and eliminate the causes that caused the increase in pressure. This is achieved using various medicines(usually eye drops). However, the use of medications does not always allow for complete and permanent normalization of IOP. Therefore, patients suffering from glaucoma are advised surgery. It is carried out using a laser.

The danger of glaucoma is that increased pressure in the eyes can lead to an increase in the size of the eyeball and increased pressure on it. optic nerve. This provokes its damage and subsequent death. The result is irreversible blindness.

Hyphema

If hemorrhage occurs, first of all, cold should be applied to the eyes, which allows you to quickly thrombose the damaged vessels. Then measures are taken to dissolve the blood clots that have formed in the eyes. For this purpose they are used eye drops and injections that have a resolving and vasoconstrictor effect. Also applicable antiseptics, antibiotics, physiotherapy.

With absence positive result Instead of using medications, they resort to surgery, during which the surgeon removes the formed blood clot. Lack of treatment for this pathology can provoke an increase in eye pressure and decreased vision.

Hypopyon

Purulent contents in the eyes are most often formed due to conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal ulcers, iridocyclitis, and injury. Treatment is carried out using antibacterial drugs, as well as medications to eliminate the underlying disease. If conservative therapy methods do not provide positive effect, the anterior chamber of the eye is opened using special surgical instruments and the accumulated pus is removed.

Further treatment is aimed at combating inflammatory process, swelling, redness and discomfort. To achieve this, patients are prescribed several types of medications, including antibiotics.

The normal performance of its functions by the anterior chamber ensures proper regulation of the balance of aqueous humor and allows a person to fully see. Violation of its functioning leads to a deterioration in the quality of vision, and in some situations – to the development of complete blindness.

Timely detection of pathology and competently administered therapy can significantly reduce the risk of severe complications that can occur with a variety of ophthalmological diseases. Correct treatment helps speed up recovery and slow down degenerative processes in the organs of vision. Therefore, if symptoms indicating an anterior chamber disease appear, you should urgently contact a specialist.