Opportunity for disabled children to receive education. The rights of a disabled child at school: what are provided for and how are they implemented. respiratory tuberculosis

IN Russian Federation The rule on universal secondary education was approved at the legislative level. This means that the authorities are obliged to take steps to organize educational process for all children, including children with disabilities.

The organization of education for disabled children is checked by the prosecutor's office. For violating the law in this matter, the school director may be punished.

Legislative basis of the issue

Amendments to the legislation regarding the education of children with disabilities were introduced in 2012. So, now Art. 79 Federal Law No. 273 obliges educational institutions to organize the process taking into account individual program rehabilitation of a young citizen with a disability. Education should be based on the principles of inclusiveness and adaptability.

The rights of people with disabilities to education and other preferences are guaranteed in the following laws:

• No. 181-FZ dated November 24, 1995;
• No. 273-FZ dated 12/29/12.

In addition, the Russian Federation has acceded to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This international document requires the parties to the treaty to:

• inclusion of all children with disabilities in the full general educational process within the limits of their capabilities;
• organizing accessible training for them at their place of residence;
• providing reasonable accommodation that takes into account individual needs;
• taking individual support and socialization measures.

Conditions for organizing training

Education for disabled children is organized in several forms. The choice is given to parents of minors. In particular, the types of receiving educational services are as follows:

• by visiting educational institutions, if the child is able to do so;
• home education, including family, distance and home education.

Conditions for study are created for young citizens of the Russian Federation in accordance with age parameters.

They are described in the table:

For the purpose of socializing children younger age The following principles are applied in educational programs:

1. Integrations. It is assumed that the student does not necessarily have to attend classes with peers. He is enrolled in a class that is suitable for him in terms of load and form of presentation of the material.
2. Inclusion. This refers to the redevelopment of premises in order to meet the needs of all students.

For information: in the Russian Federation there are still few educational institutions that are fully designed for the convenience of people with disabilities. Parents have to independently take care of children with physical disabilities and purchase:

• comfortable mobile chairs;
• suitable stationery;
• literature and more.

Training delivery options

To organize full-fledged education for children with health limitations, two tasks are being solved at the state level:

• creating conditions in educational institutions for convenient attendance of classes by disabled people and their comfortable communication with peers;
• training specialists to work with children of doctors and teaching staff.

Disabled children are provided with additional learning opportunities. If a child is unable to attend class for medical reasons, his or her studies will be organized differently. Namely:

• in the form of family education;
• remotely;
• home-based education.

Children studying outside the classroom are encouraged to communicate with their peers. This is done according to an individual plan.

• Thus, disabled people can visit:
• individual lessons;
• clubs and extra classes;

mass entertainment events.

Home education The decision is made by local authorities (education department). The parent must provide the following documents:

• an application requesting the provision of educational services at home;
• certificate medical and social examination, confirming the assignment of disability to a minor;
• ITU conclusion on the impossibility of attending face-to-face classes in the classroom.

Hint: Based on the decision of local authorities, the school administration:

• concludes an agreement with parents on the provision of services at home;
• enrolls the child as a student;
• prepares the necessary documentation;
• draws up a curriculum;
• appoints teachers to implement it.

A student with medical restrictions is taught the general education course in full. Based on the results, the student is certified as an ordinary school student.

Teachers visit him at home and conduct classes in the presence of his parents. By agreement, lessons can be rescheduled to another time. Upon completion of the course, he receives a certificate.

Distance learning

• This type of knowledge acquisition is only in the process of development. It became possible after the country was covered by the Internet. Currently, there are several types of distance learning:
• web, chat classes;
• teleconferences;
• telepresence;

online lessons.

1. The remote form of work of educational institutions allows people with poor health to:
   • take a general education course and receive a certificate, regardless of:
   • financial situation of the family;
2. the distance of the educational organization from the student’s place of residence;
3. gain knowledge at a convenient time and in a comfortable environment using the advantages of computer technology;
4. obtain additional knowledge, including professional knowledge;
5. take a preparatory course for entering a university;
6. develop the student’s creative abilities, including using collective experience;
7. take part in research activities;
   • receive expert advice:
   • psychologists;
   • doctors;

teachers and others. The experience of remote interaction with teachers will help a student with health limitations to subsequently enter a university and obtain a specialty. Higher educational establishments

They also organize the learning process using modern technical advances.

List of privileges for disabled people

• The Russian Federation has established preferences and benefits for people with disabilities. Parents of children with disabilities can count on the following privileges: Reception of the baby ik without observing the order. To do this, you must submit an application and attach an ITU certificate to it.
• Reducing the amount of the fee for a child’s attendance at a preschool institution. This privilege is not granted in all regions of the country, based on decisions of regional authorities.
• Compensation for a minor’s studies at home. According to the law, the budget allocates funds for the education of all minors from the age of 6 years and 6 months. If parents hire a specialist to tutor their child, regional authorities can reimburse the costs of receiving family education. Not every subject of the country has adopted the corresponding law, which means that local authorities can compensate for receiving education at home, or they may not do so. To date, such a program has been adopted in the Perm region, Omsk region, Sverdlovsk region, Moscow.
• Comprehensive rehabilitation of a child in an educational institution. In particular, specialists organize work on the socialization of the child. That is, they help him establish good relationships with his peers.
• Benefits when a young person enters a university. Applicants with disabilities are enrolled in the first year without competition within the established quota, if they successfully pass entrance tests. In addition, disabled people of groups I and II, disabled children have the right to be admitted to preparatory departments at federal universities. To receive a preference, you must indicate the preferential category in your application for admission to the university. The document is accompanied by an ITU certificate confirming the assignment of a disability group. The benefit applies to disabled children, disabled people of groups I and II, and disabled since childhood.

Problems of teaching children and disabilities in Russia

Currently, there are two fundamentally significant problems regarding the organization of education for children with disabilities. They are:

• Insufficient budget funds. Long time The authorities did not pay enough attention to the development of infrastructure convenient for people with disabilities. This led to the need to restructure educational institutions:
  • there are no ramps in the buildings;
  • doorways are too narrow for wheelchair users;
  • institutions are located in multi-storey buildings, and children with physical disabilities cannot always climb the stairs to the office.

• Formation of a tolerant attitude among teenagers towards people with disabilities. Health problems cause aversion among children and adolescents. Children with disabilities often face negative attitudes from their peers. This leads to their development:
  • self-doubt;
  • low self-esteem;
  • depressive state.

The first problem is being solved through the joint efforts of federal and local authorities. Educational institutions are allocated money to carry out appropriate reconstruction. Specialized ones are created for disabled people:

• kindergartens;
• groups in preschool institutions;
• schools.

The second problem takes longer to resolve. The following work is being carried out at the state level:

• specialists are being trained;
• public organizations and volunteer groups are supported;
• funds are allocated to attract young people with physical disabilities to social activities;
• a tolerant attitude towards disabled people is formed in children and adolescents.

Each state and municipal secondary school is obliged to admit all children over 8 years of age and living in the territory assigned to it. (Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” dated 01/01/01 N 3266-1, as amended on 07/25/2002, paragraph 1 of Article 16 and paragraph 2 of Article 19 Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated 01/01/01 N in/14-06 “On violations when admitting children to the first grades of general education institutions”)

A COMMENT: In accordance with this rule, a comprehensive school must accept all children, regardless of their health status. Therefore, the school does not have the right to refuse to accept a child on the grounds that he is disabled. However, it should be remembered that a general education school is not obliged to create special conditions for the education of a disabled child in the form of introducing a special curriculum for him (for example, developed for teaching mentally retarded children), attracting speech pathologists, etc. Private schools are not required to accept disabled children, but have the right to do so.

Disabled children have the right to study in special (correctional) schools with parental consent. They are sent to special schools by educational authorities based on the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission. (Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” dated 01.01.01 N 3266-1, as amended on 07.25.2002, paragraph 10 of Article 50)

Disabled children have the right to be educated at home with the consent of their parents in the presence of a conclusion from a medical institution. (The procedure for raising and educating disabled children at home and in private educational institutions, as well as the amount of compensation for the costs of parents (legal representatives) for these purposes, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.01.01 N 861, paragraphs 1 and 2.)

A COMMENT: According to the two rules above, disabled children are sent to special schools or taught at home only with the consent of their parents. Therefore, the choice of these forms of education is the right, not the responsibility of parents. No one has the right to force parents to choose these forms of education.

Parents have the right to educate a disabled child at home independently. Parents (legal representatives) with disabled children who raise and educate them at home independently are compensated by educational authorities for costs in the amounts determined by state and local standards for financing the costs of education and upbringing in a state or municipal educational institution of the appropriate type and type.

(Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” dated 01.01.01 N 3266-1, With amendments as of July 25, 2002, paragraph 1 of Article 10; The procedure for raising and educating disabled children at home and in non-state educational institutions, as well as the amount of compensation for the costs of parents (legal representatives) for these purposes, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 18, 1996 N 861, paragraph 8.)

COMMENTS: In this case we are talking about family education. It must be distinguished from homeschooling. With home education, teachers from the school to which the child is assigned come to his home for free and conduct classes with him, and also carry out intermediate and final certification

his knowledge. In this case, parents receive only compensation for the child’s food (see below), and the work of teachers is paid by the state. In family education, parents themselves organize the learning process for their child. They can teach the child themselves or hire a teacher for these purposes. At the same time, the state pays them compensation in the amount of state and local standards for the costs of training and raising a child in a state or municipal educational institution. It should be borne in mind that if, in accordance with the conclusion of the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission, the child is recommended to study in a special (correctional) school, then compensation for family education should be paid in the amount of the standard costs for his education in such a school. The fact is that the cost standards for education in special schools are higher than in regular schools. In case of family education, a tripartite agreement is concluded between parents, the local education authority and the school or special school (if the child’s education is financed according to the standards of the special school). Under this agreement, local education authorities pay compensation, parents organize the child’s education, and the school, by agreement with the parents, conducts intermediate and final certification of the child. In case of unsatisfactory certification, the contract may be terminated and compensation must be returned. It should be borne in mind that the procedure for family education of disabled children in the part in which it differs from family education of ordinary children (payment of increased compensation, control over family education by special schools, etc.) is currently not regulated by regulations .

For disabled children who are graduates of grades IX and Xl (XII), state (final) certification is carried out in an environment that excludes the influence of negative facts on their health, and in conditions that meet physiological characteristics and the health status of disabled children. State (final) certification for children with disabilities can be carried out ahead of schedule, but not earlier than May 1. If necessary, written exams can be replaced with oral ones, and the number of exams taken can be reduced to two written ones by agreement: with the Moscow Committee of Education (based on submissions from district education departments ) - for graduates of XI (XII) grades and with the district education department - for graduates of IX grades.

(Regulations on the state (final) certification of graduates of classes IX and XI (XII) of general educational institutions in Moscow, approved by Order of the Moscow Committee of Education dated January 1, 2001 N 155, paragraph 2.2)

COMMENTS: By general rule 9th grade graduates take at least 4 exams (written exams in Russian and algebra, as well as two exams of the student’s choice from the subjects studied in 9th grade). Graduates of classes pass at least 5 exams (written in algebra and elementary analysis and literature, as well as three exams of the student’s choice from among the subjects studied in 10th grade). Examinations in selected subjects can be taken either in written or oral form. The form of examinations in a specific subject is established by the Ministry of Education and the school. Disabled children can take all exams established for healthy graduates, but at the same time require replacing the written handicap for passing the exams with an oral one. For disabled children, the number of exams taken may also be reduced to two written ones. If the number of exams is reduced, the written form of exams taken may also be replaced by an oral one. Final exams for disabled children must be

is carried out in an environment that excludes the influence of negative factors on their health, and in conditions that meet the physiological characteristics and health status of disabled children. This may take the form of taking final exams in the school's medical office separately from other students or at home, etc. Issues related to the creation special conditions for passing final exams are decided for each disabled child individually. The established rules for passing final exams apply to state, municipal and private schools.

Disabled children studying in special schools and general education schools for sick and disabled children (home-schooling schools) are provided with two free meals a day. As an exception, compensation for meals is paid to these disabled children who do not eat at school (schooled at home) in the amount of the cost of two subsidized meals a day - 37 rubles per day.

(Resolution of the Moscow Government “On the results of the implementation of measures for the social protection of Muscovites in 2001 and a comprehensive program of measures for the social protection of Muscovites in 2002” dated 01.01.01 N 65-PP, paragraph 3.5; Order of the Moscow Department of Education “On catering students in general educational institutions of Moscow in the 2002/03 academic year" dated 01.01.01 N 745, paragraphs!.3 and 1.4)

COMMENTS: The specified procedure for payment of compensation is valid for the 2002/03 academic year.

Disabled children study in children's music, art schools and art schools of the Moscow Committee for Culture system free of charge.

(Temporary procedure for tuition fees in children's music, art schools and art schools of the Moscow Committee for Culture system, approved by Order of the Culture Committee of May 6, 2002 N 205, paragraph 4)

2. The right to receive secondary and higher vocational education

Disabled children and disabled people of groups I and II have the right to enter, without competition, state and municipal institutions of higher and secondary vocational education, subject to successful passing of exams and the absence of contraindications for studying in these institutions in the individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person.

(Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” dated January 1, 2001 N 3266-1, as amended on July 25, 2002, paragraph 3 of Article 16)

A COMMENT: In accordance with this rule, a disabled person must be enrolled in an educational institution if he has passed the entrance exams with a “satisfactory” grade. Thus, a preferential procedure for admission to educational institutions has been established for disabled people, since for other persons there is a competition - the one who best passes the entrance exams is enrolled. Private educational institutions are not obliged to establish such preferential admission procedures, but have the right to do so. The right of a disabled person to receive secondary and higher education (as opposed to secondary education) may be limited, since his individual rehabilitation program may contain contraindications for his education in certain educational institutions.

Disabled people of groups I and II who study free of charge in state and municipal universities on a full-time basis ( Full-time training), the amount of scholarships awarded increases by 50 percent.

(Federal Law of 01.01.01 N 125-FZ “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education”, as amended on 06.25.2002, paragraph 3 of Article 16)

A COMMENT: The meaning of this rule is that the amount of any scholarships awarded to the specified category of disabled people should be increased by 50 percent compared to the amount of scholarships awarded to other students on the same basis as to disabled people. This rule applies; only for disabled people, in universities.

Disabled people of groups I and II and combat disabled people studying for free in state and municipal institutions of secondary and higher education vocational education, have the right to receive a social scholarship, which is paid regardless of academic success. (Model regulations on scholarships and other forms of material support for students of state and municipal educational institutions of higher and secondary vocational education, graduate students and doctoral students, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.01.01 N 487, paragraphs 7 and 24)

A COMMENT: The most common types of scholarships awarded to students are academic and social scholarships. An academic scholarship is paid to all students who pass exams with “good” and “excellent” grades. The social scholarship is paid only to certain categories of students and does not depend on the success of their studies.

(Letter of the State Committee for Higher Education of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.01 N in/19-10 “On charging students for accommodation in dormitories and other utilities”)

COMMENTS: Currently, educational institutions have the right to independently set the amount of fees for living in their dormitories. The rule on exempting disabled people from such fees is advisory in nature, i.e. educational institutions may not comply with this requirement.

Disabled people as a result of the Chernobyl disaster have

out of competition to enter government agencies primary, secondary and higher professional education with the provision of a hostel if needed;

enroll in preparatory departments of state universities, regardless of availability free seats with the obligatory provision of hostel accommodation if needed.

scholarships for these disabled people are increased by 50 percent (Law of the Russian Federation “On the social protection of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant” dated January 1, 2001 N 3061-I, as amended on July 25, 2002, paragraph 18 of Article 14)

COMMENTS: The peculiarities of these rules are that they apply to all disabled people as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, regardless of the disability group. But at the same time, benefits are provided only upon admission to state educational institutions. Also, the scholarship for these disabled people increases by 50 percent if they are students of not only higher education institutions, but also secondary vocational education institutions.

Disabled soldiers have the right to enroll, without competition, in state institutions of secondary and higher vocational education, as well as in training courses for relevant professions.

(Federal Law of January 1, 2001 N 5-FZ “On Veterans” as amended on July 25, 2002, paragraph 15 of Article 14)

COMMENTS: The features of this benefit are the same as for people with disabilities due to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. It applies to all war invalids, regardless of disability group, and does not apply to admission to municipal and private educational institutions.

Disabled persons in entrance exams V The university is given additional time to prepare an oral response and complete written work, but not more than 1.5 hours.

(Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated January 1, 2001 N 27/502-6 “On the conditions for admission and training of disabled people in institutions of higher professional education”)

Disabled students admitted to the university are trained according to individual plans approved by the rector, as well as according to the form of study proposed by the university, including external studies. For each semester, the dean of the faculty approves an individual consultation schedule for a disabled student, a schedule for taking tests and exams, which in some cases provides for the possibility of teachers visiting disabled students at home.

(Instruction of the Ministry of Social Security of the RSFSR “On expanding opportunities for obtaining higher education for people with disabilities” dated September 5, 1989 N 1/16/18)

Disabled students admitted to secondary specialized educational institutions are trained according to an individual schedule approved by the director and providing, if necessary and possible, for teachers to visit students at their place of residence, as well as according to the proposed form of education, including external studies.

(Instruction of the Ministry of Social Security of the RSFSR “On expanding opportunities for obtaining secondary education special education for disabled people" dated November 3, 1989 N 1-141-U)

EDUCATION AND INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM FOR REHABILITATION OF DISABLED PERSONS (IPR)

The IPR must provide for the disabled person to receive secondary education.

IPR may provide for the receipt of secondary and higher vocational education by a disabled person. In accordance with the IPR, within the framework of the regional basic rehabilitation program, a disabled person is provided free of charge with technical means that make his life and study easier.

The IPR is mandatory for execution by state authorities, local governments and organizations of all legal forms and forms of ownership.

(Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”

Federation" dated 01.01.01 N 181-FZ, as amended

Minors are one of the most vulnerable categories of citizens. Every day for a special child is dedicated to fighting the disease. The state pays Special attention persons whose health condition does not allow them to lead a normal lifestyle. What rights does a disabled minor have and how to ensure their protection?

Every disabled minor is first and foremost a person and a citizen. Its distinguishing feature is its state of health and reduced ability to self-care. In this regard, each child with such a status is subject to the general rights of citizens (for example, to a name), legislation on children in general, as well as regulations governing the issues of obtaining the status of a disabled child, rehabilitation, habilitation, payments, benefits, protection of legitimate interests:

• Convention on Human Rights.
• Constitution of the Russian Federation.
• Civil Code.
• Family code.
• guardianship law.
• Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
• 1995 law on social protection of citizens with disabilities.
• Law of 2014 on amendments to regulations on the social protection of persons with disabilities.

The latest legal act has special meaning for children with disabilities. In particular, it establishes the concept of “habilitation”. In contrast to the previously existing, single concept of “rehabilitation,” the new term implies complete training of the person in need with the necessary social skills, knowledge and abilities. Whereas rehabilitation is the restoration of skills lost due to illness.

80% of disabled minors need habilitation.

Not all rights of adult citizens with permanent health problems apply to children.

List of rights

A child with disabilities belongs to one of the most vulnerable categories of citizens, and therefore needs special protection from government agencies. For this purpose, the legislator has provided a number of rights and benefits specifically for them. Social rights disabled children are provided with:

• for education;
• for education;
• for treatment;
• for material support;
• for social services;
• to participate in cultural events;
• for work activity;
• for additional benefits.

The preferential list is prescribed by federal legislation, but most regions establish additional social support measures for children with disabilities. The multi-level structure is one of the causes of problems in the implementation of rights.

Training, education and treatment of disabled children

Education of disabled children can be carried out both in specialized organizations and at home. A child has the right to attend kindergarten if he does not have medical contraindications. Specialized institutions have special groups for disabled people with the same diseases.

Currently, many kindergartens are of a combined type. Such organizations include both general education groups and for children with disabilities. Legal representatives of pupils of such groups are usually exempt from paying parental fees.

It is recommended to raise disabled children at home if they have illnesses that prevent them from attending a group or at the request of the guardian. In some regions, support is provided to families providing preschool education for children at home, but these benefits are not specifically related to children with disabilities.

Education

The educational system of the Russian Federation provides specialized programs for citizens with disabilities. A child can study both in general educational organizations and in specialized ones. There are several types of institutions for people with disabilities who have the following persistent health problems:

• visually impaired;
• blind;
• hearing impaired;
• deaf;
• deaf and dumb;
• impaired mental function;
• mild mental retardation;
• disorders of the musculoskeletal system (CP).

Correctional educational organizations can be specialized for one type of disease (blind), combined according to diagnoses (hard of hearing, deaf and deaf-mute) and according to a combination of disorders (diseases of the musculoskeletal system and mild mental retardation).

At the same time, education of disabled people with intact intelligence is encouraged in general education organizations, if the child’s health condition, for example autism, allows it. It is believed that children with disabilities who receive education in general schools adapt better in later life.

Documentary confirmation

One of the documents required to obtain a medical-social examination certificate (MSE) is the conclusion of a psychological-medical-psychological commission (PMPC). This paper contains information about the recommended educational route. For a disabled child, such a document is required. In accordance with it, the training program is determined. Registration in a specialized school is also possible only with a conclusion.

The document is handed over to the legal representative after passing the commission. It contains recommendations for home correction of a child and in an educational organization. The parent or guardian is responsible for submitting the form to the school (lyceum, kindergarten).

Specialized schools

Unlike general education schools, in which enrollment is carried out on a territorial basis, the choice of a specialized institution is entrusted to legal representatives. A parent can contact any correctional school, and if there are places in the required class, the child will be enrolled in education.

There are significantly fewer correctional schools in the country than general education schools.
Since it is almost impossible to predict the presence of disabled people who need specific training, often a suitable institution is geographically remote from their place of residence. Most of these schools are boarding schools.

A boarding school is an institution that implements not only special educational programs, but also educational. The legal representative can take the child home every day, on weekends, and, if the place of residence is very remote, on vacation days. However, the rights of parents or guardians are not terminated.

Home education

In accordance with the law on education, if there is a PMPC conclusion, parents can transfer their child to home education. This type of education involves a teacher visiting a disabled person at his place of residence. For example, 3 times a week for 3 lessons. The duration of the home lesson is 30 minutes.

To transfer to home education, PMPC specialists must establish the child’s inability to receive education in groups or specialized organizations. The main reasons for transfer to home are the presence of a disease in which training in correctional school impossible, for example, schizophrenic disorders, or psychological difficulties when parting with parents, for example, if the school is geographically remote.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the option when a disabled person receives education remotely, in the presence of special equipment using the Internet system. A computer and other technical means for learning are provided to the child free of charge. Lessons are taught by teachers in accordance with the schedule.

Legal representative training

The Education Act 2010 gave parents or guardians the opportunity to educate their children independently. The provision of knowledge is implemented in any form chosen by the legal representative. It does not matter whether the parent is working or not.

Children receiving education in this form are subject to an annual knowledge test. Upon completion of training, they take exams prescribed for their educational route. For example, for the final testing of children with mild mental retardation Only technology is displayed.

The implementation of the right of disabled children in the Russian Federation to home education is especially important for small settlements with only one school. As a rule, such institutions experience a shortage of teachers to provide home education. Some regions provide financial support to families who educate disabled children independently.

Health care

Every child with disabilities has the right to free medical care in accordance with the law. Treatment of disabled children is carried out on the basis of an individual rehabilitation program.

Important! The authorities specified in the IPR do not know about the content of a specific program, therefore the legal representative, after receiving the document, must independently contact each of the listed departments.

This is a document specifying the specialists whose help the child needs. All services covered by the program, including medications, must be provided free of charge.

Responsibility for the implementation of the document rests with the legal representative. If a person needs rehabilitation means (wheelchair), sanatorium-resort treatment or other services, it is necessary to submit an application to the relevant authority, for example, the social insurance fund.

Housing benefits

Families raising a disabled child have the right to improved living conditions. To do this, legal representatives must prepare a package of documents and submit an application to local government authorities. The form of assistance differs depending on the date of registration:

In the first case, the family has the right to receive a cash subsidy for the purchase of living space. Security standards are determined by the legislation of the subjects. Financing of the program is planned upon approval of the regional budget.

In the second situation, provision is made in accordance with the new housing legislation. The apartment is not provided as a property, but under a social tenancy agreement. The norms are set by the subject of the Russian Federation.

Transport benefits

The law provides for the duty of the carrier to ensure accessibility of railway, water, electric and urban transport facilities for disabled people. Additionally, the rights of disabled children and their parents to free travel on public transport are established. In addition, the possibility of a 50% discount on a two-way intercity ticket for a child and an accompanying person has been fixed.

In special cases, treatment may be required in a hospital located in another city or region. In this case, the cost of the ticket is reimbursed in full or issued special documents for free travel.

Cash payments

Financial support for children is entrusted to their parents. Legal representatives are obliged to provide them with everything necessary for full life. Even in the event of a divorce, the parent with whom the child remains can claim increased alimony (more than 25% of the payer’s total income).

However, it is difficult for families to provide for all the needs of disabled people. In this regard, children with disabilities receive additional funding from the state. For all minor citizens with the status of “disabled child”, a number of payments are provided. Among them:

• pension;
• monthly payment;
• additional amount for a citizen providing care.

The pension is assigned from the date of establishment of disability. To do this, you must submit the appropriate documents to the Pension Fund at the place of registration of the child. Cash are transferred to the account of the legal representative for further spending on the needs of the disabled person. The pension amount is established by federal law and is subject to annual indexation.

A monthly payment is assigned to each disabled minor and transferred Pension Fund along with the pension. In addition, the child’s legal representatives may refuse to receive a set of social services in order to subsequently replace it with monetary compensation.

An additional amount for a legal representative caring for a disabled child is assigned upon the application of this person. One of the conditions for providing the payment is that the citizen does not have official employment.

Early retirement of parents

One of the benefits is the right of parents of disabled children to early retirement. The period during which the mother cares for a child with disabilities is subject to inclusion in the insurance period. However, the period of care is not defined by law.

Early retirement for a mother is possible when she reaches 50 years of age. However, to do this, she must work for at least 15 years.

A special condition is the obligation to raise a disabled child under 8 years of age. After which the right to early retirement remains even in the event of his death.

Protection of the rights of disabled children

Disabled minors cannot independently protect their legitimate interests. Therefore, the state provides several levels. The protection of the rights of children with disabilities should be ensured by:

• legal representatives;
• district guardianship department;
• social protection authorities;
• prosecutor's office;

The responsibility to protect the rights of disabled minors rests with their parents/guardians. Close people must provide the child not only with the basic necessities (food, clothing, housing), but also with medicines and rehabilitation means. The execution of the IPR is also entrusted to the legal representative.

If parents/guardians do not fulfill their responsibilities, the disabled minor is transferred to the care of the district guardianship department. Depending on the situation, specialists prepare documents to deprive mom and dad of their rights, remove the guardian, or warn citizens about the possibility of such liability.

Organs social protection must exercise control over the maintenance of a disabled child. They are entrusted with the right to visit families raising children with disabilities and check living conditions. If cases of abuse or failure to fulfill duties on the part of legal representatives are identified, specialists must report to the guardianship department.

The Prosecutor's Office exercises oversight over the performance of their duties by guardianship and social protection specialists. If a situation arises in which the rights of citizens caring for disabled children are violated, you can file a complaint with the district prosecutor.

Protection of the rights of minors with disabilities can be carried out in court. If Taken measures did not give the desired result, a parent or other person representing the interests of the child (guardian, guardianship specialists, social protection, prosecutor) must file a claim.

Having considered what a disabled child has the right to, we can conclude that the legislator pays special attention to this category of citizens. However, the implementation of all these possibilities in practice is greatly limited due to a large number of bureaucratic delays. To receive each specific type of assistance or benefits, it is necessary to collect a package of documents and submit them to a certain authority. In addition, these activities often involve queues, which creates additional difficulties. Thus, this area needs improvement.

The realization of the rights of children with disabilities to education is considered one of the most important tasks of state policy in the field of education. Receiving high-quality general vocational education by children with disabilities is one of the main and integral conditions for their successful socialization, adaptation and ensuring full participation in life society, effective self-realization in various types professional and social activities.

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REGULATORY AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

The realization of the rights of children with disabilities to education is considered one of the most important tasks of state policy in the field of education. Receiving high-quality general vocational education for children with disabilities is one of the main and integral conditions for their successful socialization, adaptation and ensuring full participation in the life of society, effective self-realization in various types of professional and social activities.

The problem of special education is still very relevant at the present stage, because There are still massive violations of the constitutional right of children with disabilities to education and a lack of progress for a long time in solving it. The urgent task is to optimize the special education system in order to adequately develop it. And first of all, for this purpose, it is necessary to develop an optimal regulatory framework for special education at the federal and regional levels, and at the level of the educational organization.

The rights of children with disabilities are enshrined in various levels in the following regulatory documents:

International level (International regulations)

• Declaration of the Rights of the Child (UN General Assembly resolution of November 20, 1959);
• Convention against Discrimination in Education (adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 14, 1960; ratified by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on July 2, 1962);

• Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons (UN General Assembly resolution of December 20, 1971);
• Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN General Assembly resolution of December 9, 1975);
• World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children (UN General Assembly resolution of September 30, 1990);

• Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 20, 1993, resolution 48/96).
• Declaration of Salamanca on Principles, Policies and Practices in the Education of Persons with Special Needs. Adopted by the World Conference on Special Needs Education: Access and Quality. Salamanca Spain, June 7-10, 1994.

• recognizes “the need and urgency of providing education for children, young people and adults with special needs” educational needs within the framework of the regular education system";
• declares the right of persons with special educational needs to study in regular schools, “which must create conditions for them based on pedagogical methods focused primarily on children in order to meet these needs”;
• calls for the adoption of “the principle of inclusive education, which is that all children enroll in mainstream schools unless there are compelling reasons to do otherwise...”;

Framework for Action on Special Needs Education:

• developed as general guidance for planning action in the field of education for persons with special needs, based on the national experience of the participating countries, as well as resolutions, recommendations, standard rules for ensuring equal opportunities for persons with disabilities;

• every person with any mental or physical handicap has the right to express his wishes regarding his education to the extent that these can be accurately determined;
• parents have an inherent right to be consulted regarding forms of education that will best suit the needs, circumstances or aspirations of their children;
• learning should be appropriately adapted to children's needs, rather than forcing children into pre-established assumptions about the organization and nature of the learning process;
• within inclusive schools, children with special educational needs should receive any additional help which they may require to ensure their effective education;
• Support services are critical to the successful implementation of inclusive education policies.

Federal level

(Legislative acts of the Russian Federation)

• The main document regulating the activities of all adults interacting with children, all specialists of educational organizations, is the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1989. Ratified by the third session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 13, 1990. It is the provisions of the Convention that underlie all regulatory documents in accordance with which the activities of the education system are carried out.
• The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, approved by the UN General Assembly on December 13, 2006, was signed on September 24, 2008.For the first time, the Convention considers the implementation of the rights of children with disabilities not from the perspective of their adaptation to the life of society, but from the perspective of the structure of life in society for persons with disabilities.
• Guarantees of the rights of children with disabilities to receive education are enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Since the 90s of the last century, more than 300 regulatory legal acts have been adopted in Russia aimed at protecting the interests of children with disabilities. After the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, these rights were enshrined in:

• Family Code of the Russian Federation;
• Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on protecting the health of citizens;
• Federal Law “On the Education of Persons with Disabilities (Special Education)”. Adopted by the State Duma on June 2, 1999;
• Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation”;
• Federal Law of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ “On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation”;
• Federal Law of November 21, 2011 N 323 “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”;
• Federal Law of July 17, 1999 No. 178-FZ “On State Social Assistance”;
• Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation”, which determines state policy, including in the field of social protection of disabled children;
• Federal Law of July 2, 1992 (as amended on July 21, 1998) No. 3185-1 “On psychiatric care and guarantees of citizens’ rights during its provision”;
• Federal Law “On Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities”, adopted by the State Duma on April 25, 2012 and approved by the Federation Council on April 27, 2012;
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 18, 2008 No. 617 “On amendments to certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on educational institutions in which children with disabilities are trained (educated)”;
• Letter of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation dated April 26, 2001 No. 29/152 4-6 “On the concept of integrated education for persons with disabilities (with special educational needs)”;
• Letter of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2003 No. 01-50-25/32-05 “On the protection of the constitutional rights to education of disabled children suffering from mental retardation”;
• Letter of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation dated April 18, 2008 No. AF-150/06 “On creating conditions for children with disabilities to receive educationdisabled children."

Regional level

(Legislative documents of the region)

• Law of the Orenburg Region of September 6, 2013 No. 1698/506-V-OZ “On Education in the Orenburg Region” (Adopted by the Legislative Assembly of the Orenburg Region on August 21, 2013)

• Law of the Orenburg Region of August 30, 2012 N 1066/310-V-OZ “On the protection of the health of citizens in the Orenburg Region”
• Decree of the Government of the Orenburg Region dated September 14, 2010 No.642-pp “On the regional target program “Children of Orenburg” for 2011 - 2013”;
• Decree of the Government of the Orenburg Region of August 29, 2012 N 740-pp “On approval of the regional target program "Accessible Environment" for 2013 - 2015 .
• Decree of the Government of the Orenburg Region of December 28, 2011 No. 1253-p “On the organization of medical care for students, pupils in state government educational institutions for students, pupils with disabilities, for orphans and children left without parental care, sanatorium type for children in need of long-term treatment."
• Decree of the Government of the Orenburg Region dated June 28, 2013 No. 553-pp « On approval of the state program “Development of the education system of the Orenburg region” for 2014–2020 .
• Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Orenburg Region dated September 25, 2013 No. 01-23/5702 “On the organization of the educational process in boarding institutions and special (correctional) schools”

Local acts of educational organizations.

The legal basis for the activities of an educational organization is formed not only by regulatory documents at the federal and regional levels, but also by local acts. Moreover, only well-drafted local acts have legal force.

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, in the manner established by its Charter (Part 1, Article 30 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”), an educational organization develops and adopts local regulations containing rules governing educational relations (Part 1. Article 28 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”), on the main issues of organization and implementation educational activities, including the regulating rules for the admission of students, the mode of classes of students, the forms, frequency and procedure for ongoing monitoring of progress and intermediate certification of students, the procedure and grounds for the transfer, expulsion and reinstatement of students, the procedure for registering the emergence, suspension and termination of relations between the educational organization and students and (or) parents (legal representatives) of minor students (Part 2.Article 28 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”). The development of local acts regulating educational relations is mandatory for every educational organization. A local act of an educational organization is an official one based on legislation legal document adopted in the prescribed manner by the competent governing body of an educational organization and regulating relations within this educational organization.

The process of local lawmaking goes through several stages:

The initiative stage is the emergence of the idea of ​​issuing a local act. At this stage, first of all, a decision is made by the competent authority on the need to issue a local act, on the development of a project, the need to adopt (amend, cancel) the act is justified, all available information on this issue is collected and analyzed (legislation, instructional and methodological materials, information letters, etc.);

Preparation of a draft local act – preparation of the text of a local act. In terms of content, this is one of the most important stages of the law-making process. The prepared project, before its discussion and approval, must be checked for compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the rules of the Russian language;

Discussion and approval of the draft local act. After developing a draft local act, it must be discussed among those categories of participants educational process whose interests it affects.

A mandatory procedure may be the coordination of a draft local act with authorities and persons who are not involved in its development, but are directly related to the developed project. When adopting local regulations affecting the rights of students and employees of educational organizations, the opinions of student councils, parent councils, and representative bodies of students are taken into account. The employer, in the manner and in the cases provided for labor legislation, directs the local project normative act and justification for it to the elected body of the primary trade union organization, representing the interests of all or the majority of workers (Part 3, Article 30 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

Adoption and approval of a local act. The procedure for accepting approval of local acts must be regulated by the charter;

Enactment of a local act, the last stage of the law-making process. The procedure for enacting a local act is inextricably linked with bringing its contents to the attention of addressees, the so-called promulgation of a local act. There are two traditional forms of promulgation of local acts:

1) familiarization against signature;

2) posting a local act on the website of an educational organization (Part 1, Article 29 of the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”).

In a publicly accessible place (clause 4 of Article 9 of the Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation”) in educational organizations in places accessible to children and parents (persons replacing them), the texts of the charters and internal labor regulations of the educational institution are posted. organizations; student internal regulations; lists of government bodies (indicating methods of contacting them) exercising control and supervision over the observance, provision and protection of the rights of the child. A local act must be known to everyone whose rights and legitimate interests it affects.

A documented local act has a prescribed form and details. Local acts of an educational institution are valid only within the educational organization itself and cannot regulate relations that develop outside it. Local acts of an educational institution are issued in the form of orders, decisions, regulations, instructions and rules.

In the activities of the educational institution, local acts were previously applied:

1. Charter
2. Regulations on the pedagogical council
3. Regulations on class management
4. Regulations on the speech therapy room
5. Library Regulations
6. Regulations on the certification commission
7. Regulations on methodological associations
8. Regulations on criteria for assessing the quality of teachers' work
9. Regulations on material incentives for employees
10. Regulations on the employee remuneration system
11. Statement on the protection of personal data
12. Internal labor regulations
13. Regulations on general meeting labor collective
14. Regulations on school PMPK
15. Regulations on current control and intermediate certification
16. Job descriptions of employees
17. Orders and instructions of the director
18. Rules of conduct for students
19. Regulations on the organization of work on labor protection and ensuring the safety of the educational process
20. Rules for admitting children to school
21. Regulations on intra-school registration of students and families
22. Regulations on intra-school control A comprehensive answer to the question about the number of local acts

There is no educational organization; there is a certain minimum set of local acts, the presence of which is mandatory.

Currently, it is necessary to bring previously existing local acts into accordance with Federal Law No. 273 “On Education in the Russian Federation” and other regulatory legal acts developed for the purpose of its implementation and develop new ones provided for by the Law. Educational organizations must promptly respond to improvements in legislation by timely amending local acts and issuing new editions of local acts.

Among local normative ones, two groups can be distinguished:

• acts for which not only the scope of their application, but also their specific type is defined by law:

Charter of the educational organization (Article 25 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

Internal regulations for students (clause 1, part 3, article 28 of the Federal

Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

Collective agreement;

Educational program (clause 6, part 3, article 28 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

Development program (clause 7, part 3, article 28 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”).

• acts for which only the scope of their application is legally defined:

Local act regulating the procedure for training according to an individual curriculum (clause 3, part 1, article 34 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

Local act regulating the right to use the medical and recreational infrastructure, cultural objects and sports facilities of an educational organization (clause 21, part 1, article 34 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

A local act regulating the procedure for attending events of one’s choice that are held in an educational organization and not provided for by the curriculum (Part 4 of Article 34 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

Local act regulating the procedure for creating, organizing work, making decisions by a commission to resolve disputes between participants in educational relations and their implementation (Part 6 of Article 45 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

Local act regulating the procedure for free use by teaching staff of educational, methodological and scientific services of an educational institution (clause 8, part 3, article 47 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

Local act establishing the standards of professional ethics for teaching staff (Part 4, Article 47 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”);

Local act regulating the work of the commission on the application of disciplinary measures (order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated March 15, 2013 No. 185 “On approval of the Procedure for applying disciplinary measures to students and removing disciplinary measures from students”;

Local act regulating the procedure for ensuring openness and accessibility of information about the activities of an educational organization (Article 29 of the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”).

The function of a local regulatory act is to detail, specify, supplement, and sometimes supplement the general legal norm in relation to the conditions of a given educational organization, taking into account existing features, the specifics of the educational process and other conditions.

The activities of a special (correctional) educational institution are regulated by the following regulatory documents: - Model regulations on a special (correctional) educational institution for students and pupils with developmental disabilities, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 12, 1997. No. 288.

Government Decree No. 212 of March 2000 “Changes and additions to the standard regulations on a special (correctional) educational institution for students and pupils with developmental disabilities.”

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 18, 2008 No. 617 “On amendments to certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on educational institutions in which children with disabilities are trained (educated).

Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation “On approval of certificate forms state standard on completion of a special (correctional) general education school of the VIII type and a special (correctional) class of a general education institution,

Letter of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation dated September 4, 1997 No. 48 “On the specifics of the activities of special (correctional) educational institutions of types I - VIII” and additions to it dated December 26, 2000 No. 3.

Letter of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation dated June 19, 2003 No. 27/2932-6 “ Guidelines on the activities of grades 10-12 in special (correctional) educational institutions of the VIII type with in-depth labor training.”

Today, the problem of the regulatory framework in the special education system is very acute and should become one of the basic mechanisms for its development, a kind of foundation. Most n The provisions of the Salamanca Declaration of Principles, Policies and Practices in the Field of Education for Persons with Special Needs, adopted in 1994, are fully embodied inFederal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation”.Although many regional ministries of education have created special education departments and have defectology departments, nevertheless the regulatory frameworkin relation to children with disabilities has not yet been properly reflected in the legislation of the constituent entities of the federation. IN The regional education system does not have legal documents on the regulation of special (correctional) education(regional laws “On special education”,legal regulation of integrated (inclusive) education and early correctional and pedagogical assistance to children with developmental disabilities, independent monitoring of compliance with children’s rights,issues of socialization of graduates are poorly resolved), which does not allow the implementation of promising approaches and tasks of the state in developing the special education system in the direction of increasing its quality characteristics, innovative orientation and competitiveness.

Bibliography

1. Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2012. No. 273-FZ “On education in the Russian Federation”.
2. Federal Law “On the education of persons with disabilities - special education”.
3. Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation of July 24, 1998 No. 124-FZ.
4. Federal target program"Children of Russia" for 2007 - 2010.
5. Big encyclopedic Dictionary. 2nd ed., revised. and additional M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. - P. 266.
6. Vasilkova Yu.V., Vasilkova T.A. Social pedagogy. M., 2000.- 367 pp.
7. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
8. Declaration of the Rights of the Child.
9. Declaration of the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons.
10. Declaration of Salamanca on Principles, Policies and Practices in the Education of Persons with Special Needs.

Human compassion has always helped disabled people to somehow make their lives easier. Currently, this function is assigned to the state.

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The adoption of new laws that are aimed at supporting children with disabilities is now quite relevant.

The opportunity for children with disabilities to receive education in 2020 was adjusted by the state, bringing new opportunities to this unprotected segment of society.

What you need to know

Disabled person - this term makes us feel pity for a disabled person who does not have access to all the joys of everyday life.

We sympathize with a person who uses a wheelchair, uses a cane, or has other serious pathologies. We live our lives to the fullest and believe that this fate will never touch us.

But illness can enter our lives, and we will not be able to change anything. We find ourselves on the other side of life to which we are accustomed.

Required terms

The first thing a person who has suffered a serious injury or illness hears from doctors is “You have become disabled.”

The reasons for which disability is determined are as follows:

• persistent loss of ability to work, forcing the patient to leave work for an extended period of time;
• forced, significant change in working conditions;
• limitation of life activity that does not allow a person to care for himself;
• the need for the implementation of social protection measures for the individual.

A person is recognized as disabled after passing. ITU studies the opinions of doctors of various specializations on physical and mental state sick.

The classification of disabled people and the criteria for their assessment are established by the Ministry of Health.

The degree of dysfunction of the patient’s body affects the disability group, and citizens under sixteen years of age are classified as “disabled children.” MSEs are held at the place of residence.

If a patient, for health reasons, cannot independently come to undergo medical examination, then the patient is examined and a conclusion is carried out:

• at the patient's home;
• in absentia on the basis of documents provided with the consent of the patient or his representative;
• in the hospital where the patient is being treated.

The legislative framework

Now the following can enter a higher institution without waiting in line for a bachelor's and specialist's degree within the quota:

• disabled since childhood;
• disabled people I and ;
• disabled children;
• persons who became disabled during military service.

The legislative act provides for the allocation of a quota, and the conclusion of the ITU is not required.

At the legislative level, disabled children have the right to receive an education. All subjects of the Russian Federation fall under the scope of this law.

Conditions for the development of distance education for children with disabilities

In 2020, the Ministry of Education continues to make changes that are designed to improve the education of children with disabilities, carried out remotely.

In Russia, it is planned to gradually create conditions for distance learning for people with disabilities.

With this form of education, in addition to general subjects, children can also receive additional education.

The main goal of such training is to provide conditions for the formation of high-quality education for a disabled child, taking into account his hobbies and preferences, using the Internet.

You can study remotely:

1. At home.
2. Remotely.

Process organization options

At the moment in Russia, in addition to the lack of proper education for people with disabilities, the child faces the following problems:

1. Lack of communication with peers and adults.
2. Disruption of communication with the environment.
3. Restricting access to information technologies.
4. Lack of communication with cultural values ​​and nature.

Children with disabilities experience:

• low self-esteem;
• they are characterized by self-doubt;
• It is difficult for them to understand and choose their life goal.

All this leads to a slow process of integration of disabled children. Accessibility can help solve these problems. distance education and homeschooling.

At home

When a disabled child cannot attend school on a regular basis, he can study at home. Such a decision can be made by the competent local authorities.

To do this, parents need to submit a number of documents:

• application for the need for the child to study at home;
• ITU conclusion on the need for a disabled child to study at home due to his health condition.

Parents need to enter into an agreement with the school administration or with the executive authority that carries out work in the field of education.

You should know that the agreement for home study is drawn up in a certain form, which is approved by the legislator.

Remote

There are several types of distance learning:

• web and chat classes;
• teleconferences;
• web, chat classes;
• use of the Internet.

When studying remotely, you can:

• undergo training in a general educational institution, regardless of the financial conditions of the disabled person’s family and its place of residence;
• listen to lectures in a place convenient for you, study according to a schedule agreed with the student’s parents, using specialized computer equipment.
• receive additional education;
• use and gain teamwork skills;
• prepare for entering a university;
• to develop the student’s creative abilities;
• take part in research work;
• get the opportunity to consult with specialized doctors (psychologist, speech therapist, defectologist, etc.).

Distance learning allows disabled children to receive rehabilitation and developmental correction, and achieve full integration among their peers.

Possible compensation

The duty of the state is to provide the disabled person with education, for which budget funds are allocated. This is done in 2 ways:

1. In a secondary school.
2. At home.

Parents teaching a disabled person at home are paid after the child reaches the age of 6 years and 6 months.

That is, from the period of time when a disabled person can begin studying at a comprehensive school. Payments of compensation are made until completion of schooling (on reaching 18 years of age).

The period of education at school can be extended if the teenager has various serious pathologies.

If a child is studying at home, then the number of hours of classes with a teacher from the school is much less than when attending school normally. Therefore, the child must do most of the work himself

Parents can agree with a teacher from the educational institution about additional classes, but the number of hours of such classes is limited by law to 3 hours per week.

Only actual training costs will be reimbursed and they should not exceed the established standard.

In order for the family of a disabled person to receive compensation, parents must submit an application for the need for additional general education to the head of the school, who will approve the amount of compensation paid to the family of the disabled person.

When drawing up an application, you must indicate:

• passport details;
• a certificate from the housing office confirming the registration of the baby.
• document confirming the birth of a disabled child.

A number of documents should be attached to the application:

When the home study agreement is signed, it is for a period of 1 year, it will be possible to receive compensation.

If expenses exceed the established limit, they are borne by the child’s parents. Disabled children under school age have the right to attend some kindergarten classes.

Parents are not charged if their child is sick with a certain disease. The state also provides for certain groups of the population whose child attends kindergarten.

These include:

• military families;
• single mothers;
• parents with a disabled child;
• large families;
• families where one of the parents is called up for military service;
• if both parents are students.

List of benefits

For disabled children under 7 years of age, they have the opportunity to receive rehabilitation measures and receive everything necessary for their stay in kindergarten.

There are a number of benefits for this category of disabled people:

• enrollment in a preschool institution without a queue;
• for stay and food in preschool institution There is no fee for parents.

If a child is unable to attend kindergarten due to his health condition, then he is required to be given the opportunity to enroll in a specialized kindergarten free of charge without waiting in line.

Schoolchildren have the same rights as listed above. They can study in both general and specialized schools

Funds for the maintenance of disabled children in kindergartens and schools are allocated from the budget.

Children and schoolchildren with physiological and psychological pathologies, with the consent of their parents, can undergo training in special educational institutions.

Training in these institutions is carried out taking into account the conclusion. Parents can choose to educate their disabled child at home.

The state provides the opportunity for disabled children to enter state educational institutions without competition.

What problems exist in Russia

Currently, there are 2 problems that a disabled child faces:

A child with impairments of the musculoskeletal system, vision, speech, hearing and minor intellectual disabilities can attend educational institutions.

But a huge number of disabled children cannot attend general education institutions and are forced to study according to an individual program.

There are very few teachers in our country who are capable of teaching such children. The purpose of the school is to prepare the child for life in society and give him the knowledge necessary for this.

And although special subjects such as defectology, correctional pedagogy, and special psychology are taught at lectures at pedagogical institutes, teachers are trained to teach children who do not have pronounced health problems.