Thermal box on sea vessels and its structure. Ship boilers. Elements of the nutritional system

2.4. Installation and replacement of gas equipment (household gas meters) According to the established law in the Russian Federation, replacement of a gas meter is carried out exclusively at the expense of the owner of this equipment. In addition, users are required to perform maintenance

The invention is intended for pre-boiler purification of feedwater and can be used in thermal power engineering. The warm box contains a battery cavity, a cavity of dirty condensates, a cavity of purified condensates, equipped with an overflow edge in the upper part and communicating with the battery cavity, a collection cavity for oil products, a cavity for settling oil products, equipped with an overflow pipe of oil products, the upper end of which is located above the interface between the media of the cavity of purified condensates , and the lower one communicates with the oil product collection cavity, mechanical and coalescing filters, the additional water receiving cavity and two additional water buffer barriers adjacent to the inner wall of the additional water receiving cavity. A water seal body is installed above the receiving cavity of the additional water, to which a pipe for supplying additional water and a ventilation device are connected. The horizontal section of the body bottom is made with a width and length in plan less than 0.1 of the width of the warm box body and is connected to its side walls by lifting sections of the bottom with an inclination angle of more than 15°. The overflow pipe of the water seal with its upper end is located in the bottom of the water seal body at a level not lower than 100 mm from the horizontal section of the bottom, and with its lower end - in the receiving cavity of additional water at a level below the middle height of the warm box body. The lifting section of the water seal elbow is made with a height of at least half the height of the warm box body, its lower end is connected to the internal cavity of the water seal body at a level below 50 mm from the upper end of the water seal overflow pipe, and the lowering section of the water seal elbow is connected to the battery cavity. The cavity of purified condensates is located between the battery cavity and the cavity of oil products sludge. The lower end of the oil products overflow pipe of the oil products sludge cavity is located above the bottom of the oil products collection cavity, and the upper end of the free cut of the oil products overflow pipe is located above the level of the concave section of the overflow edge of the dividing wall and is equipped with an extended cylindrical pipe installed outside it with an internal diameter of more than 2-3 diameters of the overflow pipe petroleum products. The distance of the upper end of the cut of this pipe from the concave section of the overflow edge of the dividing wall is 2.5-3 times greater than the distance from the last upper end of the free cut of the oil products overflow pipe, and the lower end of this pipe is equipped with a flange, the side surfaces of which, inclined downwards, make an angle relative to the horizon , exceeding 15°. The invention improves the reliability of the boiler installation. 2 salary, 5 ill.

The invention relates to thermal power engineering, namely to collections of dirty and clean condensates of waste steam and additional water, and can be used in shipboard and stationary boiler installations with steam boilers.

A known warm box of a boiler installation contains a battery cavity limited by a housing, pipes for the supply of clean and dirty condensates and additional water and the removal of feedwater and oil products, mechanical and coalescing filters, an additional water heater, sludge cavities and oil products outlet (see Sen L.I. ., Tikhomirov G.I. Method of pre-boiler water treatment in a warm box of a boiler installation and a device for its implementation. Patent RU No. 2088841, Bulletin No. 24 dated 08.27.97).

The disadvantages of the known warm box are: manual removal of petroleum products based on the results of monitoring the level of separation of the media through the sight glass; design complexity of the additional water heater; The “volley” removal of feed water leads to the filling of the vacated space of the accumulator cavity of the warm box with atmospheric air, which promotes its dissolution in water with increased corrosion processes of the equipment on the water side.

A warm box for pre-boiler purification of feed water is known, which is a prototype (see Sen L.I. Optimization of technical and economic solutions in the design and operation of low-power boiler plants. Vladivostok: Marine State University, 2004, 146 pp., p. .80-83), including a housing with side walls, front and rear end walls of the housing, a bottom and a lid, containing a battery cavity; pipes for supplying additional water (item 3), clean and dirty condensates (item 2) and drainage of feed water and oil products; cavity of dirty condensates (item 3) (in the description it is called the receiving cavity); a cavity of purified condensates (limited by partitions 8 and 11), equipped with an overflow edge in the upper part and communicating with the battery cavity; oil product collection cavity (item 14); an oil products sludge cavity (item 9), equipped with an oil products overflow pipe, the upper end of which is located above the interface between the media of the purified condensate cavity, and the lower end is connected to the oil products collection cavity; as well as mechanical and coalescing filters built into the cavities and an additional water heater (item 4).

The disadvantages of the known prototype warm box are:

The additional water heater provides insufficient heating due to its placement outside the battery cavity, especially with a “bulk” supply of additional water, which reduces the efficiency of deaeration of additional water;

- “salvo” removal of feed water leads to the filling of the vacated space of the battery cavity with atmospheric air, which promotes its dissolution in water with increased corrosion processes of equipment on the water side;

The rocking of a vessel with a warm box installed or non-horizontal installation of a warm box in stationary conditions makes it difficult to remove hydrocarbons through the oil products overflow pipe into the oil products collection cavity and can lead to the overflow of oil products from the sludge cavity into the cavity of purified condensates through the upper edge of the oil products sludge cavity or through the lower edge of communicating cavities sedimentation of petroleum products and purified condensates with further flow of petroleum products into the battery cavity and feed water.

Thus, in the warm prototype box, high efficiency of heating and deaeration of additional water is not ensured, especially with “bulk supplies of additional water and feed water outlets, and insufficient reliability of removal of hydrocarbons from feed water, which ultimately reduces the reliability of the boiler installation.

The technical task of the proposed warm box for pre-boiler feed water purification is to eliminate these shortcomings, namely to obtain high quality feed water regardless of the ship's pitching or non-horizontal installation of the warm box, which ensures increased reliability of the boiler installation.

This is achieved by the fact that in a known warm box for pre-boiler feedwater purification, including a housing with side walls, front and rear end walls of the housing, a bottom and a lid; containing a battery cavity; pipes for supplying additional water, clean and dirty condensates and drainage of feed water and oil products; cavity of dirty condensates; a cavity of purified condensates, equipped with an overflow edge in the upper part and communicating with the battery cavity; oil product collection cavity; an oil products sludge cavity equipped with an oil products overflow pipe, the upper end of which is located above the interface between the media of the purified condensate cavity, and the lower end is connected to the oil products collection cavity; as well as mechanical and coalescing filters built into the cavities, in contrast, the claimed one is additionally equipped with a receiving cavity for additional water, located along the rear end wall of the housing and limited by the inner wall of this cavity, communicating with the additional water supply pipe and having an interface between the media, an air space which communicates with the atmosphere; and also adjacent to the inner wall of the receiving cavity of additional water, two buffer barriers of additional water, built into the body of the warm box along its side walls, vertically oriented, limited respectively by these side walls and the opposite internal walls of each of the additional water barriers, which in the lower part by The trays are connected to the side walls of the housing above the bottom of the housing, and in the upper part they have an overflow edge located below the level of the overflow edge of the cavity of purified condensates. The cavity of dirty condensates is limited by the front end wall of the housing, the opposite inner wall of this cavity, the lower end of which is spaced from the bottom of the housing at the level of the mentioned pan, one of the side walls of the housing and the opposite, relative to this side wall of the housing, partition, the lower end of which is also spaced from the bottom of the housing at the level of the pan, separating the cavity of dirty condensates from the adjacent, symmetrically located, relative to it, cavity of clean condensates in the body of the warm box, respectively limited by this partition, opposite, relative to the partition, the other side wall of the housing, the front end wall of the housing and the opposite, relatively the front end wall of the housing, the inner wall of this cavity, the lower end of which is also spaced from the bottom of the housing at the level of the pallet; at the same time, pipes for supplying dirty and clean condensates are connected to the cavities of respectively dirty and clean condensates, and the common bottom of both cavities is located at the level of the mentioned pan. The inner wall of the receiving cavity of the additional water in the lower part is connected by means of the said pan with the rear end wall of the housing above the bottom of the housing, has, near its abutment to the side walls of the housing, holes connecting the receiving cavity of the additional water with the buffer baffles of the additional water, and in the upper part this inner wall cavity is adjacent to the housing cover. A water seal housing is additionally installed above the receiving cavity of the additional water, including a bottom in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, side walls and a lid, to which are attached a water seal elbow, an overflow pipe of the water seal, a pipe for supplying additional water and a ventilation device, while the horizontal section of the bottom of the housing is made with the width and length in plan are less than 0.1 of the width of the body of the warm box and is connected to its side walls by lifting sections of the bottom with an angle of inclination of more than 15°. The overflow pipe of the water seal with its upper end is located in the bottom of the water seal body at a level not lower than 100 mm from the horizontal section of the bottom, and with its lower end - in the receiving cavity of additional water at a level below the middle height of the body of the warm box, the lifting section of the water seal elbow is made with a height of at least half the height of the warm box body, its lower end is connected to the internal cavity of the water seal body at a level below 50 mm from the upper end of the water seal overflow pipe, and the lowering section of the water seal elbow is connected to the battery cavity, while the additional water supply pipe is connected to the upper part of the water seal body. The cavity of purified condensates is located between the battery cavity and the cavity of oil product sediment, is limited from the first by a dividing wall, coupled with the side walls of the housing and the bottom of the housing and having at the top an overflow edge of a curved profile with a section concave to the axis of the housing, and from the second is limited by a partition, also associated with side walls of the housing, the lower end of which is located at the level of the said tray, and the upper end is located at a level exceeding the height of the overflow edge of the dividing wall at the point where it adjoins the side wall of the housing. The cavity for settling oil products is limited by the mentioned partition, the side walls of the housing and the internal walls, respectively, of the cavity of dirty condensates and the cavity of clean condensates. The lower end of the oil products overflow pipe of this cavity is located above the very bottom of the oil products collection cavity, and the upper end of the free cut of the oil products overflow pipe is located above the level of the concave section of the overflow edge of the dividing wall and is equipped with an extended cylindrical pipe installed outside it with an internal diameter of more than 2-3 diameters of the overflow pipe petroleum products, while the distance of the upper end of the cut of this pipe from the concave section of the overflow edge of the dividing wall exceeds 2.5-3 times the distance from the last upper end of the free cut of the overflow pipe of petroleum products, and the lower end of this pipe is equipped with a flange, the side surfaces of which are inclined downward make an angle exceeding 15° relative to the horizon and are adjacent to the side walls of the housing, the internal walls of the cavities of dirty and clean condensates and the partition of the oil product sludge cavity. A coalescing filter is built into the cavity of dirty condensates. Structurally, it is justified to design a warm box in which the oil product collection cavity is located under the bottom of the body and is equipped with a ventilation device, the upper end of which is located at a level above the middle of the body of the warm box. Technologically, this form of the overflow edge of the curved profile of the cavity of purified condensates is technologically feasible, in which this overflow edge is made with a horizontal section along the axis of the housing with a width of less than 0.1 of the width of the end wall of the housing and lifting sections with an inclination angle of more than 15° and an extension from the ends of the horizontal section to the side body walls.

The proposed warm box of the boiler installation and the combination of housing elements provide sufficient heating of the additional water in the buffer baffles, its deep deaeration from corrosive gases, and eliminate the passage of hydrocarbons into the feed water even when the vessel is rocking or when the warm box is not installed horizontally, which increases the reliability of the boiler installation. .

So, in particular:

1. The presence of two buffer baffles and a receiving cavity for additional water, each having an internal wall in contact with the accumulator cavity, allows you to have a supply of additional water inside the warm box and ensure its heating due to heat exchange between the feed water of the accumulator cavity and the additional water of the buffer baffles and the receiving cavity . In this case, corrosive gases are released from the additional water into the space above the interface between the media of the battery cavity and into the atmosphere.

2. During the “salvo” selection of feed water with a decrease in its level in the accumulator cavity, the pressure in it is reduced and a vacuum is created, while relatively cold additional water from the receiving cavity under the influence of atmospheric pressure is forced out through holes in the rear wall into the buffer barriers, from which it flows through the overflow edges into the battery cavity. In this case, additional water flows from the surface of the buffer baffles, where it is heated the most, and the cold water of the receiving cavity flows into the lower part of the buffer baffles, where it is heated during a given period of time. When there is a vacuum in the accumulator cavity, the water level in the overflow pipe of the hydraulic seal also rises and the level of petroleum products in the petroleum products overflow pipe rises without air leaking into the accumulator cavity.

3. During the “bulk” supply of additional water, it first fills the receiving cavity, where it is slightly heated, the coldest part of the water at the lower level of the buffer baffles and the receiving cavity flows into the buffer baffles, followed by heating it and overflowing into the accumulator cavity. The gases released from the additional water due to its heating and the rise in the water level in the accumulator cavity are forced out through the lowering and rising pipes of the hydraulic seal elbow into the internal space of the hydraulic seal housing and further into the atmosphere.

4. When the angle of inclination of the side walls of the warm box body changes to 15° in relation to the horizon, due to the short length of the axial horizontal section of the overflow edge of the dividing wall of the cavity of purified condensates and an increase in the height of its lifting section towards one of the side walls and due to The greater height of the partition of the oil product sludge cavity compared to it, the level of condensate in the cavity of purified condensates and the lower level of the column of oil products in the oil product sludge cavity are reduced insignificantly, which prevents the flow of oil products from the oil product sludge cavity into the cavity of purified condensates.

5. In case of fluctuations in the levels of media in the cavities of the warm box caused by the rocking of the ship, supply the upper end of the oil products overflow pipe with an outer extended pipe with an internal diameter of more than 2-3 times the diameter of the overflow pipe in combination with the distance of the upper end of the pipe cut from the level of the horizontal section of the overflow edge of the dividing wall cavities of purified condensates, 2.5-3 times greater than the distance from it of the upper end of the free cut of the oil products overflow pipe, and a cone-shaped flange in the lower part, which closes the cavities of oil products sludge from above by adjoining the walls of the body of the housing, allowing to reduce and prevent the dynamic release of oil products from sludge cavity into the cavity of purified condensates.

6. In addition, supplying the lower end of this pipe with inclined surfaces installed at an angle of more than 15° to the horizontal in the downward direction and associated with the side walls of the warm box body, the partition and the walls of the oil products settling cavity, reduces the cross-sectional area of ​​the oil products column in the oil products settling cavity and reduces the inertial force of the upper part of the column of oil products when the vessel is rocking, which reduces the self-oscillation of the upper level of oil products in the cavity of oil products sludge and the likelihood of its passage into the cavity of purified condensates.

7. Placing the lower end of the oil products overflow pipe above the very bottom of the oil products collection cavity in conjunction with a ventilation device makes it possible to use “salvo” withdrawals of feed water and the supply of additional water without the danger of oil products being sucked from the collection cavity into the sludge cavity under the influence of vacuum and to prevent the flow of steam from the battery cavities through the overflow pipe into the oil products collection cavity.

Thus, the achievement of the set goal is ensured - obtaining high-quality feed water regardless of the ship's pitching or non-horizontal installation of a warm box, thereby increasing the reliability of the boiler installation.

The proposed warm box for pre-boiler feedwater purification is illustrated with illustrations: Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a warm box with a longitudinal section; Fig.2 - the same, with cross section A-A (Fig.1); in Fig. 3, 4 and 5 - the same, with cross sections B-B, B-C and D-G, respectively (Fig. 1).

The warm box for pre-boiler feedwater purification contains an accumulator cavity 1 with a media interface 2 and is limited by a housing with side 3, front 4 and rear 5 end walls of the housing, a bottom 6 and a lid 7 and is equipped with a feedwater drainage pipe 8.

Two buffer baffles 9 (Fig. 3) of additional water are built into the body of the warm box, which are limited, respectively, by the side 3 and opposite inner walls 10 of the baffle, equipped in the upper part with overflow edges 11, and in the lower part by means of a tray 12 coupled with the walls 3 at the level 50-100 mm above the bottom of hull 6.

The warm box contains a receiving cavity 13 of additional water with an interface 14 (Fig. 2), which is limited by the rear end wall of the housing 5 and its inner wall 15, and in the lower part by a tray 12. The wall 15 in the upper part is adjacent to the lid 7, and the air space above the interface 14 is connected to the atmosphere by means of a gib 16. In the lower part of the cavity 13 near the tray 12, on its inner wall 15 near its joints with the side walls 3 there are holes 17 connecting the cavity 13 with the buffer baffles 9.

A cavity of purified condensates 18 is built into the body, which is separated from the cavity 1 by a dividing wall 19, associated with the side walls 3 and the bottom 6, and the upper part of this dividing wall 19 contains an overflow edge in the form of a paraxial horizontal section 20 (Fig. 3) and two adjacent There are 21 lifting sections to it with an inclination angle of more than 15° to the horizon.

Separated from the cavity 18 by a partition 22 is a settling cavity for oil products 23, also connected to the side walls 3, the upper end of which is located at a level slightly above the upper end of the lifting section 21 of the overflow edge of the dividing wall 19, and the lower end is at the level of the pan 12.

Built into the housing is a compartment for clean condensates 24 (Fig. 5) with a pipe for supplying clean condensates 25 and mechanical filters 26 and a compartment for dirty condensates 27 with a pipe for supplying dirty condensates 28 and a coalescing filter 29. Compartments 24 and 27 are separated from each other by a partition 30, coupled with the front end wall of the housing 4, and are separated from the cavity 23 by the inner wall of this cavity 31, mated with the side walls of the housing 3 and the partition 30. In the upper part, the partition 30 and the side walls of the housing 3 are equipped with coaxial viewing glasses 32.

Under the bottom 6 there is an oil products collection cavity 33, which contains side walls and a bottom 34, an oil products outlet pipe 35 and is equipped with an air gander pipe 36, the upper cut of which is installed at a level above the middle height of the warm box, and the lower cut of the gander is connected to the upper part of the collection cavity petroleum products. At the middle of the height of the oil product collection cavity, sight glasses 37 are placed on the side walls.

On the cover 7 above the receiving cavity 13 there is a water seal housing 38, including a bottom 39 (Fig. 2), having the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, side walls 40 and a cover 41. A water seal elbow with a lifting 42 and lowering 43 sections connecting its cavity is attached to the body with accumulator cavity, overflow pipe 44, additional water supply pipe 45 and air gib 46.

The oil products sludge cavity is equipped with an oil products overflow pipe 47 (Fig. 4), placed with the upper end of the free cut 20-30 mm above the level of the horizontal section of the overflow edge of the dividing wall 19 of the cavity of purified condensates, and with the lower end placed 10-15 mm above its bottom 34 and equipped with an external vertical branch pipe 48 with a length of at least 150 mm with an internal diameter of more than 2-3 diameters of the overflow pipe 47. In this case, the upper end of the branch pipe 48 is located 50-100 mm above the level of the horizontal section 20 of the overflow edge of the dividing wall 19 of the cavity of purified condensates, and the lower end is equipped as a flange with inclined plates 49, installed at an angle of more than 15° to the horizontal in the lower direction and mating with walls 31, 22 and 3.

A warm box for pre-boiler feedwater purification operates as follows.

Clean hot condensates are supplied through pipe 25 into the clean condensate compartment 24, cleaned of mechanical impurities through filters 26, and then at the level between the lower end of the inner wall 31 and the bottom 6 enter the cavity of the cleaned condensates 18. Next, the clean condensates are poured through the overflow edge section 20, located on the upper part of the dividing wall 19, and merge into the battery cavity 1.

Dirty hot condensates with a droplet admixture of hydrocarbons are fed through pipe 28 into the dirty condensate compartment 27. In the lower part of this compartment there is a coalescing filter 29. Passing through the filter 29, the droplet admixture of hydrocarbons coalesces (coagulates) to form a continuous film of hydrocarbons without droplet admixture, which at the outlet of the filter, it is moved by a stream of purified condensate towards the oil product sediment cavity 23. Due to the low speed of movement of the oil product film in the direction of cavity 23 and the lower density of oil products compared to the density of water, the oil product film adheres to the surface of the wall 31 and rises along it to the upper part of the cavity 23 and accumulates in this cavity at a higher level compared to the level of section 20 of the overflow edge of the dividing wall 19 of cavity 18 (petroleum products in the cavities in the diagram are indicated by crosses, in contrast to water, indicated by horizontal strokes). If the height of the column of petroleum products in cavity 23 is sufficiently high, the level of petroleum products reaches the upper end of the cut of the oil products overflow pipe 47 with subsequent drainage of petroleum products entering cavity 23 through pipe 47 into the petroleum products collection cavity 33. Condensate cleared of petroleum products passes from cavity 23 into the cavity of purified condensates 18 s subsequent draining into the battery cavity 1.

Separate supply of clean and dirty condensates into the corresponding cavities 24 and 27 makes it possible to reduce the size of the coalescing filter according to the relative proportion of dirty condensates in the total condensate flow.

Additional cold water is supplied through pipe 45 into the receiving cavity of the water seal body 38. The water level in the water seal body is determined by the position of the upper edge of the overflow pipe 44, through which water enters the receiving cavity of additional water 13. Here the cold water is slightly heated due to heat exchange between the surface of the pan 12 and inner wall 15, which have contact with the hot condensates of the battery cavity 1. Next, the heated water enters through the holes 17 into the buffer barriers of the additional water 9, in which it is additionally heated in contact with the surface of the pan 12 and their internal walls 10 due to the heat of the hot condensates of the battery cavity 1. Heated additional water from the buffer baffles 9 through the overflow edges 11 enters the accumulator cavity 1. Heating of the additional water is accompanied by the release of gases from it, which through the water seal elbow with lowering 43 and lifting 42 sections enter the water seal housing 38 and are then removed into the atmosphere through the gander 46. The use of the additional water receiving cavity 13 in conjunction with the additional water buffer baffles 9 allows for heating of the cold additional water and its deaeration with the removal of corrosive gases.

Simultaneously with the heating of additional water in the receiving cavity 13 and buffer baffles 9, wall-to-wall cooling of the water in the accumulator cavity 1 occurs. Moreover, due to the difference in density, relatively cold water along the walls 15 and 10 falls into the lower part of the accumulator cavity 1, from where it is discharged through the pipe 8 to the feed pump (not shown in the diagram). Cooling the water in front of the feed pump prevents possible interruption of supply due to water boiling at the pump inlet. This ensures increased reliability of the operation of the boiler plant’s feed system.

During the “salvo” removal of feed water from the accumulator cavity 1, the interface between media 2 (water level) decreases and in cavity 1 above the water level, the pressure of the steam-air mixture also decreases, and cavity 1 is vacuumized accordingly. In this case, the level of slightly heated water in the receiving cavity 13 decreases due to its displacement by atmospheric pressure through the holes 17 into the buffer cavities 19 with further heating of the water and its flow through the overflow edges 11 into the cavity 1. The maximum reduction in the water level in the cavity 13 can occur up to the lower cut of the overflow pipe 44, the achievement of which will connect cavity 1 with the atmosphere. Simultaneously with the evacuation of cavity 1, the water level in the lifting section 42 of the hydraulic seal elbow will rise, as well as the oil products overflow pipe 47 will be filled from the lower end to a predetermined level corresponding to the vacuum depth. The depth of the achievable vacuum in cavity 1 is determined by the height of the lifting section of the water seal elbow above the water level in the water seal body 38 (the water level approximately corresponds to the upper cut of the overflow pipe 44) and the deepening of the lower cut of the overflow pipe 44 relative to the level of the overflow edge 11. Vacuuming of cavity 1 during a “bulk” drainage of feed water, firstly, promotes deaeration of water, and secondly, does not allow an excessive decrease in the interface between media 2 with a decrease in the storage capacity of the warm box.

A change in the angle of inclination of the body of a warm box relative to the vertical axes of the longitudinal or cross sections, caused by non-horizontal installation or rocking of the vessel, leads to a change or fluctuation in the levels of the interface between the media in the cavities of the working media. The difference in level deviation in the extreme positions of the cavities depends on the angle of inclination of the vertical axis and the length of the horizontal surface.

Deviation of the body of the warm box from the vertical for the longitudinal section (Fig. 1) leads to a change in the water level in the cavity 13, correspondingly reducing the extreme positions of the overflow edges 11 adjacent to the wall 15 or 19. However, such a deviation is not significant for the operation of the warm box, since the height of the level in cavity 13 is quite large compared to the magnitude of the deviation. Changing the levels of media in cavities 18, 23, 24 and 27 is also insignificant for the operation of the warm box due to the short horizontal length of these levels.

Deviation of the body of the warm box from the vertical for cross sections A-A, B-B, B-C and D-G (Figs. 3, 4 and 5) also leads to a change in the position of the levels of media in the cavities relative to the side walls 3. In this case, the flow additional water into cavity 1 will be carried out through one of the buffer barriers 9, which will not lead to a significant change in the performance of the warm box. Maintaining the water level in the cavity 18 and its operability when inclined in the horizontal plane is ensured by lifting sections 21 of the overflow edge of the dividing wall 19. Maintaining the level of hydrocarbons in the oil product sludge cavity 23 is ensured by reducing the length of its horizontal section by installing an external vertical pipe around the free cut of the overflow pipe 47 48, equipped at the lower end with inclined plates 49. In this case, firstly, the removal of hydrocarbons is ensured and the drainage of water through the overflow pipe 47 is prevented, regardless of the angle of inclination of the axis of the warm box from the vertical position, and secondly, the overflow of petroleum products from the sludge cavity is prevented 23 into the cavity of clean condensates 18 through the upper edge or through the lower end of the dividing wall 22. Changing the water levels in the compartments of clean condensates 24 and dirty condensates 27 when tilting the body of the warm box does not significantly affect the performance of the compartments.

Thus, an increase in the efficiency of the heating and deaeration processes of additional water is ensured, including during “bulk” supplies of additional water and feedwater outlets. This also ensures high reliability of removal of hydrocarbons from dirty condensates and prevents the possibility of their entering the feed water, thereby increasing the reliability of the boiler installation.

1. Warm box for pre-boiler feedwater purification, limited by a housing with side walls, front and rear end walls of the housing, bottom and lid, containing a battery cavity, pipes for supplying additional water, clean and dirty condensates and drainage of feedwater and oil products, a cavity for dirty condensates , a cavity of purified condensates, equipped with an overflow edge in the upper part and communicating with the accumulator cavity, a cavity for collecting oil products, a cavity for settling oil products, equipped with an overflow pipe for oil products, the upper end of which is located above the interface between the media of the cavity of purified condensates, and the lower end is connected with the cavity for collecting oil products, as well as mechanical and coalescing filters built into the cavities, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a receiving cavity for additional water, located along the rear end wall of the housing and limited by the inner wall of this cavity, communicating with the additional water supply pipe and having an interface between the media, the air space of which communicated with the atmosphere, as well as adjacent to the inner wall of the receiving cavity of additional water by two buffer barriers of additional water, built into the body of the warm box along its side walls, vertically oriented, limited respectively by these side walls and the opposite internal walls of each of the additional water barriers, which in the lower part, by means of a tray, they are connected to the side walls of the housing above the bottom of the housing, and in the upper part they have an overflow edge located below the level of the overflow edge of the cavity of purified condensates; the cavity of dirty condensates is limited by the front end wall of the housing, the opposite inner wall of this cavity, the lower end of which is spaced from the bottom of the housing at the level of the tray, one of the side walls of the housing and a partition opposite to this side wall of the housing, the lower end of which is also spaced from the bottom of the housing by level of the tray separating the cavity of dirty condensates from the adjacent cavity of clean condensates, symmetrically located relative to it in the body of the warm box, respectively limited by this partition, the other side wall of the case opposite to the partition, the front end wall of the case and the inner wall of this opposite to the front end wall of the case a cavity, the lower end of which is also spaced from the bottom of the housing at the level of the pan, while pipes for supplying dirty and clean condensates are connected to the cavities of dirty and clean condensates, respectively, and the common bottom of both cavities is located at the level of the said pan; the inner wall of the receiving cavity of the additional water in the lower part is connected by means of the said pallet with the rear end wall of the housing above the bottom of the housing, has, near its abutment to the side walls of the housing, holes connecting the receiving cavity of the additional water with the buffer baffles of the additional water, and in the upper part this inner wall the cavity is adjacent to the housing cover; above the receiving cavity of the additional water, a water seal housing is additionally installed, including a bottom in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, side walls and a lid, to which are attached a water seal elbow, an overflow pipe of the water seal, a pipe for supplying additional water and a ventilation device, while the horizontal section of the bottom of the housing is made with the width and length in plan are less than 0.1 of the width of the body of the warm box and are connected to its side walls by lifting sections of the bottom with an angle of inclination of more than 15°, the overflow pipe of the water seal with its upper end is placed in the bottom of the water seal body at a level not lower than 100 mm from the horizontal section of the bottom, and the lower end - in the receiving cavity of additional water at a level below the middle height of the warm box body, the lifting section of the water seal elbow is made with a height of at least half the height of the warm box body, its lower end is connected with the internal cavity of the water seal body at a level below 50 mm from the upper end the overflow pipe of the water seal, and the lower section of the water seal elbow is connected to the accumulator cavity, while the additional water supply pipe is connected to the upper part of the water seal body; the cavity of purified condensates is located between the battery cavity and the cavity of the oil product sediment, is limited from the first by a dividing wall, coupled with the side walls of the housing and the bottom of the housing and having at the top an overflow edge of a curved profile with a section concave to the axis of the housing, and from the second is limited by a partition, also associated with side walls of the housing, the lower end of which is located at the level of the said tray, and the upper end is located at a level exceeding the height of the overflow edge of the dividing wall at the point where it adjoins the side wall of the housing; the oil product sedimentation cavity is limited by the mentioned partition, the side walls of the housing and the internal

Pre-boiler treatment of feedwater involves: cleaning it from oil and mechanical impurities; removal of oxygen (deaeration), salts (softening, thermal desalination) and scale (magnetic treatment).

Cleaning condensate from oil and mechanical impurities is especially important on ships with steam piston pumps and other steam engines, on tankers, fish-processing motherships and transport refrigerators that use steam to heat oil cargoes with direct return of the condensate of this steam to the boiler, as well as on all production and fish processing vessels with fish flour and grease processing plants.

Oil, in the form of drops and films, is removed from the water by filtering it through mechanical filters installed in a warm box and on the pressure feed line. Emulsified oil, which makes up about 10 ... 20% of the total oil content of the condensate, is almost not retained by mechanical filters and can be removed from the condensate by filtering it through sorption filters (for example, activated carbon filters, diatomaceous earth filters, etc.). Proper operation of mechanical filters allows you to reduce the oil content in the feed water to the established standard. At the same time, the condensate is cleaned from mechanical impurities. Characteristics of filter materials used in mechanical filters are given in table. 3.6.

There are various designs of warm boxes. One of the most advanced and simplest filter materials with a classical layout (fibrous, granular, fabric) is shown in Fig. 3.3. In the first compartment along the condensate path, manila, sisal or loofah is placed on the grate in a layer of 2 ... 3 cm. Next, wood shavings or pieces of foam rubber are loaded in grids measuring 15 x 20 x 20 mm and an iron grate is installed. A 15 mm thick sheet of foam rubber is placed on the grill, which collects the floating oil.

The second compartment includes three drawers with lattice bottoms, installed one on top of the other. Pieces of coke measuring 15x15 mm are loaded into each box. Pieces of foam rubber measuring 15 x 20 x 20 mm are placed on top of the coke in a layer of 2 ... 3 cm. The box is closed with a grate without force (so as not to compress the foam rubber). To collect floating oil on the surface of the water, a sheet of foam rubber 25 mm thick is laid according to the dimensions of the compartment.

The third compartment contains fabric filters and a box of coke measuring 15 x 15 mm. Pieces of foam rubber measuring 15 x 20 x 20 mm are placed on top of the coke in a layer of 8 ... 10 cm. The coke box is closed with a grate (without compressing the foam rubber).

Cloth filters consist of twelve glasses, on which terry cloth bags, so-called stockings, are placed. Each stocking is sewn on one side and placed on the glass upside down. At the bottom of the glass, the sealing fabric is secured with wire or rope. The glasses assembled in this way are carefully inserted with the conical part into the nests of the warm box. Sheets of foam rubber are placed on the surface of the condensate to collect floating oil. Maintenance of the warm box involves periodically changing the filter materials.

The frequency of changing filter materials depends on the operating mode of the feed system and the oil content in the condensate. When the feeding system operates around the clock at nominal mode and the oil content in the condensate (up to the warm box) is about 15 mg/l, it is recommended that the floating foam sheets in the first and second compartments be turned over after 24 hours and replaced after 48 hours. In the third compartment, these operations are carried out after 2 and 4 days, respectively.

The shavings and manila in the first compartment should be changed after 24 hours, and if instead of shavings foam rubber was placed in the nets, then it should be changed after 3 days. It is recommended to change the foam rubber in the drawers of the second compartment as follows: after 48 hours of operation, remove the top drawer, change the foam rubber, and put the drawer back in place. After the next 48 hours, remove the two top drawers, put the top one in place of the second one, change the foam in the second one and put it in place of the first one. After the next 48 hours, remove all three drawers, place the top drawer down, then the second drawer and, changing the foam, place the third drawer on top. Subsequently, the cycle of changing filter materials is repeated. In the third compartment, the foam rubber in the coke box must be changed one at a time every 24 hours of operation. When changing a filter fabric element, before installing a new one, it is necessary to close the opening of the seat with a previously prepared plug. Depending on the degree of filter contamination, but at least every 20 days, change the coke in all compartments with a complete wash of all filter parts and the warm box.

Filters installed on the feedwater pressure line are also varied in design. One of the most advanced and simple ones is shown in Fig. 3.4. Usually two filters are installed, which can work in parallel or one at a time. When operating filters, filter materials should be changed as the pressure in front of the filter increases to the set limit (which characterizes contamination of the filter materials). In general, pressure filters are not effective. Removal of oxygen from feed water is provided for boiler plants with an operating steam pressure of more than 2 MPa. The oxygen content in the feed water of open feeding systems is 4.5 ... 10.0 mg/l. The solubility of oxygen depends on the temperature of the water. With increasing water temperature, the solubility of oxygen decreases (Fig. 3.5). In boiling water, the solubility of oxygen is zero. Therefore, for the maximum possible removal of oxygen from feed water in open feed systems, it is necessary to maintain the water temperature in the warm box at least 55 ... 65 ° C, which will ensure the oxygen content in feed water is no more than 5.0 mg/l. It should be noted that heating feed water in water heaters installed in pressure sections of feed systems does not lead to a decrease in oxygen content, since its removal from the water is not ensured.

On many types of ship boilers (KVVA-2.5/5; VX; KVS-30/P-A; KVA-1.0/5, etc.) with a working steam pressure of up to 2 MPa, relatively intense oxygen corrosion is observed. Therefore, on ships with these types of boilers, it is necessary to carefully monitor the temperature of the water in the warm boxes, especially when the boilers are operating at reduced loads. It is impossible to allow condensate to overcool in water coolers, and in some cases it is advisable to equip warm boxes with heater coils operating on exhaust steam.

For water-tube boilers with steam pressure above 2 MPa, only closed supply systems with thermal deaerators are used, the operating principle of which is based on the “zero” solubility of oxygen in boiling water. Vacuum and non-vacuum deaerators are used, which at the same time serve as feedwater heaters. The diagram of the simplest non-vacuum single-stage deaerator is shown in Fig. 3.6.

The water level in the deaerator is maintained by regulator 1. Water flows through pipeline 9 to spray head 2 through vapor cooler 3, where it is slightly heated. Heating steam is also supplied to the spray head through pipeline 5 through regulator 4. To ensure rapid heating of the incoming feed water, it is necessary that the contact surface of the vapor and liquid phases be maximum. In head 2 this is ensured using spray devices in the form of nozzles or perforated plates, which increases the contact surface of water and steam. Steam, moving towards the water jets, heats the water to boiling point, which contributes to the intensive release of gases from it. During the process of heating water, a significant part of the heating steam condenses. The mixture of released gases and part of the uncondensed steam, called vapor, goes to the vapor cooler 3, where the steam condenses and flows into the storage tank 7, and the gases are discharged into the atmosphere.

The residence time of water in the spray head of the deaerator is short, so the deaerated water flowing from it into the storage tank may contain a certain amount of dissolved gas. To remove it, steam is additionally passed through the water in the tank using a bubbling device, which promotes more complete deaeration.

aerated water is taken through pipeline 8 by the boiler feed pump. To ensure reliable operation of the pump, the deaerator is located 8 ... 10 m above the suction pipe of the feed pump.

During thermal deaeration, the residual oxygen content does not exceed 30 mg/l. However, when steam turbine units operate at reduced loads, the quality of feedwater deaeration deteriorates. Chemical methods are usually used to remove residual oxygen from feed water. The most widespread is the introduction of hydrazine N2H4 into the feed water after the deaerator. In this case a reaction occurs

N2 H4 + 02--- 2H20+N2.

The consumption of hydrazine is about 0.1 ... 0.2 g per 1 ton of deaerated feed water. Its excess concentration in boiler water should be in the range of 0.02 ... 0.03 mg/l. Hydrazine is toxic and flammable, so it must be handled with great care. To introduce hydrazine into the treated water, special sealed devices are used, ensuring its continuous supply into the feed water pipeline directly after the deaerator.

Feedwater softening is used for low-pressure steam boilers by passing it through a sodium cation exchange filter. The filtering agent is cation exchanger KU-2-8, produced in accordance with GOST 20298-74. In appearance, it represents spherical grains from yellow to brown with a size of 0.315 ... 1.25 mm. The dynamic exchange capacity has a capacity of at least 500 g-eq/m3. Cation exchanger KU-2-8 is insoluble in water, solutions of mineral acids, alkalis and organic solvents. It retains its performance well at temperatures up to 100 ... 120 ° C, is not explosive, does not ignite and does not have a toxic effect on humans.

The diagram of a commercially produced filter is shown in Fig. 3.7. A drainage substrate 6 made of stainless steel or titanium alloy (chopped wire with a diameter of 2 mm) is loaded onto the lower filter grid. The slot caps 4 and the drainage substrate 6 in the lower grid are designed to prevent the cation exchanger 3 from entering the feed water. Slotted caps 2 installed in the upper grid are designed to uniformly distribute the flow of feed water and prevent carryover of the cation exchanger during the period of loosening and regeneration. At the same time, the flow area of ​​the standard slotted caps of the upper grille has been increased from 0.3 to 1.0 mm. The filter has a throughput capacity of 2 m3/h, a working pressure of 0.7 MPa at a feed water temperature of up to 80 °C. Pressure loss in the filter is 0.005 MPa. The filter loading height is 910 mm, the cation resin loading volume is 60 l and the drainage volume is 4.5 ... 5.0 l. A schematic diagram of the inclusion of a filter in the feedwater pipeline system of the KVA-1.0/5 boiler unit is shown in Fig. 3.8.

The essence of cationization is the replacement of scale-forming ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ with cations. As a result of the reactions, water devoid of scale-forming salts enters the boiler. Sodium salts, having a high solubility coefficient, are not a source of scale and sludge formation in steam boilers. After the filter is exhausted, it is regenerated (restored) using seawater. As a result of regeneration, Ca2+ ions are again replaced by Na+ cation exchanger.

When switching to sodium cation exchange treatment of feedwater, it is necessary to perform a number of preparatory measures. Inspect and clean the warm box, filter and slot caps from dirt, rinse with clean fresh water. Load drainage mat and level

over the entire area of ​​the lower filter grille. The height of the drainage substrate layer should reach the level of the cut of the discharge fitting 5, i.e., cover the slotted caps 4 of the lower grid (see Fig. 3.7). Fill the filter up to half the volume with a 5% solution of table salt, previously prepared in a metal container with a capacity of 200 liters. Pour 50 kg of cation exchange resin into the filter and keep it under a layer of saline solution for swelling for 1 hour (to avoid mechanical destruction of the grain structure). Convert the cation exchange resin loaded into the filter from the hydrogen-salt form to the sodium form using a 5% solution of table salt. To convert 50 kg of cation exchanger into the sodium form, you need to pass 1 ton of solution through it. Connect the container with the solution with a flexible hose to valve 8 of the filter (see Fig. 3.8). The solution passes through the filter and then flows through valve 15 into the bilge. After the conversion of the cation exchanger into the sodium form is completed, the filter is washed with a stream of fresh (nutrient) water. The cation exchanger is washed from salt until the chloride content in the wash water samples taken before and after the filter is equal.

After completing the preparatory work, the filter is connected to the boiler feed water system (see Fig. 3.8). Maintenance of the filter consists of monitoring water quality and pressure drop. The quality of the feed water is checked before and after the filter by analyzing selected samples in the ship's express laboratory. Sampling and analysis are carried out at least 1 time per day. The controlled indicators are: total hardness, which should be no more than 0.3 before the filter and 0.01 mEq/l after the filter; chlorine ion content - no more than 15 mg/l; the hydraulic resistance of the filter is determined by the readings of pressure gauges installed before and after the filter; the pressure drop should not exceed 0.12 MPa. If the total hardness of the feed water after the filter exceeds that indicated above, and the filter resistance reaches the limit value (0.12 MPa), this will indicate

About the loss of filter functionality. To restore the filter to its original (working) state, it is necessary to regenerate it by temporarily connecting the filter to a sea water main with a pressure of at least 0.4 MPa, for example, to a fire main. The regeneration process consists of three stages: loosening, regeneration itself and washing.

Loosening and regeneration of the filter are carried out simultaneously with a countercurrent of seawater and only in the open sea. In this case, the operating boiler unit and its power supply system with a sodium cation exchange filter are taken out of operation. During the regeneration period, a reserve boiler with its own power supply system and sodium cation exchange filter is put into operation. When the filter is out of action, it is necessary to close valves 6 and 13 (see Fig. 3.8). Attach a rubber hose to the fitting of valve 14, connect the other end of the hose to valve 11 on the fire main. Open valve 11 to supply salty sea water to filter 9. After the pressures in the filter and the fire line are equal, slowly open valve 8 to discharge water into the bilge.

Set the water speed in the filter so that there is no carryover of the cation exchanger along with the water into the bilges. The water speed in the filter is regulated by valve 9, while valve 77 on the fire main is constantly in the open position.

Control over the prevention of cation exchanger carryover is carried out by periodic (at least 3 times) sampling of water discharged after the filter. The presence of cation exchange resin in the sample is determined visually. The average duration of the loosening and regeneration stages is about

3 hours. At the end of regeneration, the filter is disconnected from the fire main and the rubber hose is disconnected. Next, the filter is washed with boiler feedwater. To do this, open valves 14 and 15 for discharging water from the filter into the drain. Then, slowly opening valve 6 for supplying feed water to the filter, remove air from the filter through valve 8. Use valve 6 to adjust the amount of water required for washing. The cation resin in the filter is washed until the content of chlorine ions, according to the results of analysis of samples of washing water taken before and after the filter, is equal. The average washing time is 45...60 minutes. After this, the filter is ready to be connected to operation or remains as a backup.

Cation exchanger KU-2-8 in sodium form retains its functionality for a long time during operation (up to 3 years or more). However, during operation, the cation exchanger grains are covered with an oil film, oxide deposits of iron and copper products, are mechanically damaged, etc. These factors reduce the exchange contact between the ions of hardness salts and sodium. The cation exchanger partially loses its exchange capacity. In addition, during the period of loosening and regeneration of the filter, some entrainment of cation exchange resin grains occurs and thus its partial replenishment is required. It is necessary to perform a control opening of the filter with complete unloading of the cation exchanger and washing it with hot fresh water (60 °C). After washing, load the cation exchanger into the filter and add fresh, having previously converted it into sodium form.

Sampling and transfer for analysis to the onshore thermochemical laboratory to determine the dynamic exchange capacity are carried out once a year. The sample is taken from a depth of 200 mm from the surface of the cation exchange resin layer into a clean glass jar with a capacity of 0.5 liters. The label of the jar should indicate: name of the vessel, brand of cation resin, number of hours of operation, date of sampling.

The thermal treatment method is used as the main method for obtaining additional water from sea water in ship desalination plants when ships are at sea for a long time. The total salt content of seawater distillate usually does not exceed 10 ... 20 mg/l. With double evaporation (bidistillate), the salt content can be reduced to

0.5 ... 1.0 mg/l, i.e. this bidistillate is suitable as make-up water for most high-tension water tube boilers. The distillate is obtained in deep-vacuum or adiabatic desalination plants that use the heat of the cooling water of the internal combustion engine on diesel ships.

Magnetic water treatment refers to physical methods of preventing scale formation. Under the influence of a magnetic field, the crystal structure of salts and their physicochemical properties change, and with subsequent heating of water in supersaturated solutions, these salts fall out in the form of finely dispersed sludge. which is in suspension and is removed by blowing. Magnetic treatment of feed water also helps to destroy scale previously formed on heating surfaces.

Magnetic treatment of water is carried out using special devices, which are classified (according to the method of creating a magnetic field) into devices with permanent magnets and electromagnets. The first are divided into devices with constant and adjustable working gaps (to maintain optimal water speed within 1 ... 2 m/s). The latter are divided into devices with constant and variable magnetic field strengths.

It is possible that the feed water contains ferromagnetic contaminants, which are deposited on the internal cavities of the apparatus and reduce the magnetic field strength in the working gap of the apparatus. At the same time, ship boilers operate under a wide range of loads, which is why the speed of the feed water in the working gap of the apparatus is not always optimal. The hardness of boiler water during magnetic treatment increases to 15 ... 18 mEq/l. The lack of reliable methods for ongoing monitoring of the effectiveness of magnetic water treatment and scale-free mode has led to the fact that the method under consideration has not received recognition as an independent type of water treatment. Regardless of the presence of magnetic treatment devices for feedwater, all ships are equipped with conventional reagent intra-boiler water chemistry regimes.

WARM BOX

WARM BOX

(Hot well, hotwater well) - a cistern for storing warm water (steam condensate), pumped out by an air pump from the refrigerator of the car. The T.Ya. is connected by a pipeline to feed pumps that supply water to the boilers. In the upper part of the T. Ya., a pipe open at the top is installed to remove air from the box.

Samoilov K. I. Marine Dictionary. - M.-L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941

See what a “WARM BOX” is in other dictionaries:

Warm box- The closed space of the boiler in which collectors and other communications are located Source: OST ...

WARM BOX- a tank for temporary storage and partial deoxygenation of condensate coming from the steam turbine condenser. The warm box is an integral part of the condensate feed system... Marine encyclopedic reference book

Gas boiler warm box- A warm box is a closed space adjacent to the boiler, in which auxiliary elements are located (collectors, chambers, inlet and outlet sections of screens, etc.)... Source: Resolution of the State Mining and Technical Inspectorate of the Russian Federation dated March 18, 2003 N 9 On approval ... Official terminology

OST 108.031.08-85: Stationary boilers and steam and hot water pipelines. Strength calculation standards. General provisions for justifying wall thickness- Terminology OST 108.031.08 85: Stationary boilers and steam and hot water pipelines. Strength calculation standards. General provisions for justifying wall thickness: Nominal dimensions of the design part Specified and selected based on calculations for ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

A) Wooden S. Wood was first applied to S., as an easily processed and floating material. The simplest design of wooden ships is one built from a single piece of wood; This is how shuttles are sometimes built today, which are hollowed out or... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Contents: I. Physical essay. 1. Composition, space, coastline. 2. Orography. 3. Hydrography. 4. Climate. 5. Vegetation. 6. Fauna. II. Population. 1. Statistics. 2. Anthropology. III. Economic essay. 1. Agriculture. 2.… … Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

I MAP OF THE JAPANESE EMPIRE. Contents: I. Physical essay. 1. Composition, space, coastline. 2. Orography. 3. Hydrography. 4. Climate. 5. Vegetation. 6. Fauna. II. Population. 1. Statistics. 2. Anthropology. III. Economic essay. 1 … Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), state in the Center. Europe. Germany (Germania) as a territory inhabited by Herm tribes was first mentioned by Pytheas from Massalia in the 4th century. BC e. Later the name Germany was used to refer to Rome... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Valley of the Kalg River ... Wikipedia

In what cases does the engineer on watch have the right to independently
stop the main engine and report to the bridge?
1 If the main engine malfunctions.
2 Has no right in any case.
3 If there is an immediate threat of an accident or danger to life
of people.

What are the readiness levels on ships?
1 Hourly and half-hourly readiness.
2 Permanent and by a certain date.
3 Four-hour and daily.

Who gives permission to the mechanic in charge of the right to withdraw
from action to correct a malfunction or production
prevention of any mechanism, if the output of this mechanism is not
threatens the safety of navigation and does not violate normal
operation of a power plant?
1 No permission required.
2 Chief engineer.
3 Engineer on watch.

In accordance with the REGULATIONS ON THE TECHNICAL OPERATION OF THE FLEET
what devices and means should be equipped
CONTROL POST?
1 Alarm only.
2 Protective equipment only.
3 All control, alarm and protection devices.
4 Controls only.

What does the effective efficiency of a motor take into account?
1 Heat losses in the cylinders.
2 Friction losses.
3 Heat losses and friction losses.

What parameters for a given engine is directly proportional to
indicated engine power?
1 Speed ​​only.
2 Average indicator pressure only.
3 Average indicator pressure and rotation speed.

Do inertial forces affect engine power?
1 No influence.
2 They influence.

What determines metacentric height?
1 The distance between the center of gravity and the metacenter.
2 The distance between the center of gravity and the center of magnitude.
3 Distance between the center of magnitude and the metacenter.

If the sternwood lubrication system uses lubricating oil,
What material is the deadwood bearing made of?
1 Made of steel.
2 From babbitt.
3 From the backout.
4 Made of rubber.

What is the purpose of a thermostatic valve (TRV) in a
pressor refrigeration units?
1 For temperature control in refrigeration chambers.
2 To maintain a certain temperature of freon vapor at
exit from the evaporator.
3 To regulate the refrigerant vapor pressure before the evaporator

In accordance with the REGULATIONS ON TECHNICAL OPERATION OF KOR-
PUSA how often are discrepancies in readings between
actual shift angle and axiometers of the steering machine?
1 Before every departure.
2 Every watch.
3 Once a month.

Is there an error in the specified sequence of actions?
when purging the water indicator column: open the purge valve
column - close the steam valve - open the steam valve and close
dig a water pipe - open the water pipe, close the column blowing valve?
1 No error.
2 There is an error.

Is there an error in the omission sequence?
water in the auxiliary boiler: stop burning, close
stop valve, stop power supply, etc. ?
1 No error.
2 There is an error.

Why is the water temperature in the warm box of the auxiliary boiler
It is not recommended to keep it above 85 degrees. ?
1 The oxygen content in the feed water increases, determining
dividing the intensity of corrosion of water heating surfaces
th space.
2 Thermal stresses in the boiler parts increase.
3 The supply of the boiler-feed pump may be interrupted.

Select the best top blowing mode for the auxiliary boiler?
1 Open the top blow valve for one minute and close.
2 Open the vent valve slightly, after about 0.5 minutes.
open completely and close when there are signs of steam escaping.
3 Open the valve completely and close when signs of steam appear
Which stuffing box cannot be used in auxiliary fittings? burning cauldron?
1 Hemp.
2 Asbestos.
3 Containing oil.
4 Contains lead.

What is the most likely reason for the formation of bulges on the
the surface of the fire chamber?
1 Fuel and oil getting into the boiler water.
2 Some deviations in water treatment mode.
3 Some deviations in the blowing mode.

Why is it indicated for each type of auxiliary boiler?
its time to put the boiler into operation when starting from a cold
state?
1 Due to the dimensions of the boiler.
2 Due to the operating pressure.
3 Due to the magnitude of thermal stresses in the boiler parts.

Why does the water indicator glass recommend before installation -
boil it in oil?
1 To improve the visibility of water in glass.
2 To relieve internal thermal stresses in glass.

Is it possible to crimp the neck caps of the auxiliary boiler during
steam rise time?
1 Possible at pressures less than 5 bar.
2 It is impossible.

You are adjusting the nozzle according to the air-to-air ratio.
fuel. By what signs can you determine excess supply
air?
1 The flame is bright, the torch has sharp tongues, smoke is coming from the chimney
dove-white.
2 The flame is orange, dark around the edges, the smoke is dark in color.

When operating the auxiliary boiler nozzle, should the torch
touch the surface of the firing chamber?
1 Must touch for greater steam output.
2 Should not under any circumstances.

In accordance with the PTE of boilers, what difference is allowed between
boiler wall temperature and feed water temperature
when filling it out?
1 Difference is not allowed.
2 No more than 20-30 degrees.
3 No more than 50-100 degrees.

In accordance with the PTE of boilers, what is the maximum number
water can be blown out with each blow as a percentage of
total volume of water?
1 Up to 5%
2 Up to 10%
3 Up to 20%

What is the maximum pressure to which the pre-
auxiliary and recovery safety valves
boilers?
1 10% higher than worker.
2 25% higher than the worker.
3 50% higher than worker.

What should you do if oil products get into the boiler?
Who and the boiler cannot be taken out of operation due to operating conditions?

1. Blow with bottom and top blowing.
2. Perform chemical treatment of water in the boiler.
3. Reduce the boiler load and perform increased top blowing.

In accordance with the PTE of boilers, is it necessary to turn on all
protection when wiring the boiler?

1. Not necessary.
2. Necessarily.
3. Level protection must be enabled.

The water heating pipes of the boiler leaked, according to the MARINE RULES
REGISTER OF SHIPPING what percentage of boiler tubes from
their total number can be drowned out in this state
continue to use it?

1. Not allowed in any quantity.
2. No more than 10%
3. No more than 20%

According to the PTE of boilers, is it allowed to operate a boiler with one
water level glass?

1. Not allowed.
2. You can work without time restrictions.
3. No more than one hour is allowed.

What to do if there is a threat of obvious flooding of the boiler room
departments?

1. Stop burning and force open the safety valve.
2. Stop burning and close the stop valve.
3. Do not perform any operations on the boiler.
When repairing a boiler feed centrifugal pump, it is possible
There was no need to sharpen the suction pipes of the lionfish.
The pump shaft has no defects. Choose the most correct one
repair technology.

1. Grind using the outer diameters of the lionfish as a base.
2. Mount all impellers on the pump shaft, install the shaft in the machine using the center and grind the pipes in one pass to the same amount.
3. Grind in the machine one by one, placing the lionfish on the mandrel

A fistula appeared in an old steel pipe. What technology re-
will the mounting be the most correct for this case?

1. Brew it using electric welding, then press it.
2. Clean the pipe and wrap it tightly with fiberglass and epoxy.

resin, after hardening, press it.

Which surface of the groove in the pulley rim is working for
V-belt?

1. Bottom of the groove.
2. Sides of the groove.

The centrifugal pump does not produce rated pressure. Which
Is the pump most likely to fail?
Bearing wear.
Shaft wear.
Large gaps in the sealing collars on the suction side
and injection.

When analyzing boiler water, very
high chloride content (previous analysis was normal)
nym). What is the most likely reason?
Boiler condenser leaking.
Deviations in water treatment mode.
Deviations in the blowing mode.

In accordance with the RULES OF THE MARITIME REGISTER OF SHIPPING,
how often is hydraulic testing of boilers performed?
normal operating conditions?
At each annual inspection.
At every second regular examination.
At each regular examination.

Is it possible to operate an auxiliary or recycling
boiler, if the safety valves do not work (do not trigger an explosion?
It is possible, but at a reduced operating pressure.
It is forbidden.

In accordance with the PTE of boilers, at what maximum temperature
boiler water flow (if it is necessary to drain the boiler)
Is it allowed to remove it from the boiler if there are no instructions from the manufacturer?
Can be removed immediately after stopping the boiler.
At a water temperature of 50 degrees.
At a water temperature of 20 degrees.

In accordance with the PTE of boilers, if the ignition of the
sunki, is pre-ventilation of the firebox required after
this and if required, what is the minimum ventilation time set?
No ventilation required.
Ventilation is required for 1 minute.
Ventilation is required for 3 minutes.

How should the mechanic on watch act most correctly?
in accordance with NBZhS in emergency situations: threat of flooding
of the engine room or a fire in it?
Find the cause of the emergency and act immediately
drink to eliminate it.
Announce a ship's alarm by pressing the emergency alarm button
tion, inform the chief mechanic on the bridges, seal
compartment and begin to eliminate the emergency situation before arrival
emergency batch.
Leave the emergency compartment immediately.

“If the engine goes into overdrive, what is the theoretical method?”
“preventing it or reducing the consequences of this “” spread”
is the most effective?
The fuel supply must be shut off.
The air supply must be shut off.

How to act correctly if suddenly the lubricant pressure
Has the main engine oil fallen below the maximum permissible value?
Immediately stop the main engine and inform the bridge and chief engineer
Reduce the main engine rotation speed and inform the bridge and senior
to the mechanic.
Report to the senior mechanic.

How to act correctly if the fresh water pressure at the main generator drops below
maximum permissible, but its temperature does not exceed the limit value?
Reduce the main engine load to low speed, switch to the reserve
sos, if there is no automatic activation of the backup pump.
Stop HD immediately.
Report to senior mechanic.

What is the most correct action if the engine stops?
did it occur when the cooling water temperature protection was triggered?
Bleed the engine with oil and crank it
device.
Immediately turn on engine cooling.
Start the engine again immediately.

What should you do initially if there is an explosion in the engine crankcase?
Immediately stop the engine, turn on the turning gear
three while simultaneously pumping with oil.
Reduce engine load.
Stop the engine immediately and inspect the crankcase.

What are your initial actions if the pumping system
deadwood water pressure has dropped below the permissible value or,
if the sternwood is oil-lubricated, a lack of oil is detected
in the deadwood tank (the deadwood temperature has not reached the limit values?
Urgently stop the main engine and report to the bridge and senior mechanics.
Reduce speed to low speed and report to the bridge and
senior mechanic
Report to the senior mechanic.

What will be your first actions if you find that on a working boiler
Has the water level in the water indicator glasses dropped below the permissible limit?
Immediately start the feed pump and raise the level in the boiler
Stop burning, water supply, air supply, close
stop valves.

What will be your initial actions if next
at the production facility there was a failure in the fuel supply of one of the cylinders and the gas turbine pump began to surge?
Increase the main engine rotation speed and report to the senior mechanic.
Stop GD.
Reduce the main engine rotation speed until the surge phenomenon disappears

If one of the gas turbine units fails, with what load?
Should the main engine be operated in accordance with the STS PTE?
The load does not change.
With low speed load.
With a load at which the exhaust gas temperature is beyond
cylinders should not exceed the permissible value when operating a diesel engine
with a working turbocharger.