Draw up a balance sheet at the end of the month example. What is a balance sheet for dummies? Filling out the “Passive” section of the Pomodorka company

The word “balance sheet” has its roots in the Latin phrase “bis lanz”, which literally means “two scales”, that is, in essence, the balance sheet shows the state of the company’s financial balance.

The balance sheet is the main component of financial statements and it reflects the success of the enterprise’s economic activities for a specified period of time.

The balance sheet is one of the main forms of accounting reporting on the state of the financial activities of an enterprise, presented in the form of a table of data characterizing all the property and debts of the organization in monetary terms for a certain period of time.

Who needs a balance sheet?

The totality of the balance sheet values ​​literally reflects the financial appearance of the organization.

First of all, the balance sheet is necessary for the organization itself in order to have an accurate picture of the results of its core activities that were obtained for a certain period (year, quarter, month).

The balance sheet shows how steadily the company is developing, both in relation to personal activities and in relation to cooperation with other organizations, which is characterized by two total balance sheet indicators, Asset and Liability.

Moreover, the main sign that the balance sheet is drawn up correctly is the equality of the final results of the company’s Assets and Liabilities.

Also, a company's balance sheet is required for any legal entities that cooperate or intend to establish a business relationship with this company.

The balance sheet can be used to determine the financial position of the organization and whether it will be able to function properly in the near future.

The balance sheet of an enterprise is very important for banks, which will be able to assess, based on the indicators of this form, how creditworthy the future client is, and what is the maximum loan amount that can be provided to him.

Each company is forced to provide a balance sheet to shareholders, statistical authorities and tax authorities at a fixed frequency.

Balance Sheet Structure

As already mentioned, the structure of the balance sheet consists of 2 main tables, one reflects the organization’s Assets, the other – Liabilities.

The balance sheet is considered to be completed correctly if the numerical results of these tables match.

Let's take a closer look at what these tables characterize.

An asset is considered to be all the property of an enterprise (real estate, financial investments, vehicles, accounts receivable, equipment, etc.), expressed in monetary form.

A balance sheet asset is the totality of everything that belongs to the enterprise and that can be converted into monetary currency

The balance sheet asset is in turn divided into several sections.

1. Fixed assets. The content of the “Non-current assets” section is information about property that is used by the enterprise for a long time, or more precisely more than a year. Non-current assets include: equipment, long-term investments, buildings, etc.
2. Current Assets. The final indicator of this section is the sum of all the property of the enterprise, which is consumed and requires replenishment in a relatively short period of time, or rather less than a year. Current assets are materials, cash, short-term receivables, raw materials, etc.

Read also Accounting entries for VAT calculation

The liability in the balance sheet reflects the sources of formation of all the property of the enterprise, that is, its Asset.

Liabilities consist of equity capital, borrowed funds and external liabilities

The Liability side of the Balance Sheet has three main sections:

1. Capital and reserves. The Liability section “Capital and reserves” summarizes all own funds that belong only to the owners of the organization.
2. Long term duties. In the Liability section “Long-term liabilities”, the value of the totality of all credits, borrowings and other debts that must be paid over a long period of time exceeding one year is formed.
3. Short-term liabilities. This liability component reflects the totality of debts that require immediate payment (less than a year). Short-term liabilities include: wages not paid to employees, debts to suppliers, etc.

Currently, Form No. 1 of the Balance Sheet is in force, which was approved on July 2, 2010 by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

The company, based on its business characteristics, can add additional lines or combine and delete existing indicators in the prescribed form.

How to prepare a balance sheet?

The essence of creating a balance sheet is to fill out all lines of the approved Form No. 1, the composition of which the enterprise has the right to adjust in accordance with the peculiarities of conducting business activities and the property used.

Both the Asset and Liability balance sheet consist of a sequence of lines, each of which records a certain indicator of the financial condition of the organization.

Each line has the name of an indicator and a fixed serial number, which reflects the position of the indicator in the hierarchical structure of the table.

So, for example, in the “Non-current assets” section in the Balance Sheet, the first line corresponds to number 110 (if the management of the enterprise increases the number of lines in form No. 1, the number may have a larger number) and is called “Intangible assets”.

The value of this row is usually obtained by adding the values ​​of rows numbered 111 to 119, if such exist.

After all the rows in the Asset table are filled in, to obtain the final value, it is necessary to add up the results of the first two sections of the balance sheet, which were obtained by summing the other rows in a hierarchical sequence.

The same principle works in the Passive table.

Read also Changes in financial statements for 2018

The first section of this table, “Capital and Reserves,” has serial number 310, since it is the third main section of the entire balance sheet and is formed by adding the rows that are in its subgroup of the hierarchy, that is, rows numbered from 311 to 319.

Filling out the balance sheet can be done starting from any table (Liability or Asset)

The main condition for the correct preparation of a balance sheet table is the exact correspondence of the value of each line and the indicator entered into it, as well as the presence of monetary values ​​in all lines established by the enterprise.

There are exceptions when the amount for some indicator may be zero, in which case it is necessary to provide explanations for this item in the financial report.

As a rule, all indicators are displayed in numbers that mean thousands of rubles, for example, if the value of an organization’s real estate is 10,000,000 rubles, then 10,000 must be written in the balance sheet asset in the corresponding line.

Of course, if the company has a larger scale, and their cash turnover is mainly in the millions, then you can enter numbers by removing the last six digits, and indicate the numerical unit million rubles in the title of the indicator column.

The final numbers of the Asset and Liability balance sheets must coincide, since, in fact, the Asset reflects everything that the organization has, and the Liability balance sheet provides a description of where all the listed Assets were obtained from.

For a more detailed description of the preparation of the balance sheet, we will consider the principle of filling out each line of the Liability and Asset tables.

How to fill out the entries in the Asset table?

Each item of the Balance Sheet Asset is filled out in accordance with the following data.

Fixed assets.
This line indicates the total initial cost of the enterprise's property (fixed assets), minus the total amount of depreciation during the operation of each type of property, respectively.

Intangible assets.
This line records the residual value of all intangible assets that belong to the organization. That is, the sum of acquisition and development costs minus depreciation.

Capital investments.
The amount spent on construction is taken into account, or the cost of the order that has already been paid is indicated.

Equipment.
The price valid at the time of purchase is indicated.

Starting with the accounting (financial) statements for 2012, small businesses can submit reports using simplified forms. They are given in Appendix No. 5 to Order No. 66n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010.

Let us recall that the main criteria for classifying firms as small businesses are the number of employees and the firm’s revenue over the past two years. The number of employees should not exceed 100 people per year, and revenue 400 million per year (Clause 1, Article 4 of the Federal Law of July 24, 2007 No. 209-FZ).

You need to start filling out the balance from the header part, the so-called “header”. It contains all the same data as in the usual form: name of the company, type of activity, legal form or form of ownership. You can also draw up a simplified balance sheet in thousands or millions of rubles.

For details on how to fill out line 1150, read section V “Balance sheet” → subsection “Non-current assets” → Line 1150 “Fixed assets”.

The next line “Intangible, financial and other non-current assets” reflects information on intangible assets, research and development results, exploration assets, profitable investments in tangible assets, deferred tax assets and other non-current assets. This line can combine information from seven regular balance lines at once: 1110, 1120, 1130, 1140, 1160, 1180 and 1190.

Attention

In the enlarged lines of the balance sheet, you must put the code of the indicator that has the greatest share in this indicator (clause 5 of Order No. 66n of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010).

For example, if in the line “Intangible, financial and other non-current assets” the majority of the total indicators are represented by intangible assets, then it is necessary to enter code 1110, but if the results of research and development, then - 1120.

The next two lines: Inventories; Cash and cash equivalents, both by name and line codes correspond to lines 1210 and 1250 of the standard balance sheet.

Next is the line “Financial and other current assets”. It is intended to reflect information about current assets, with the exception of inventories, cash and cash equivalents. It reflects accounts receivable from customers, VAT amounts on purchased assets, cash and short-term financial investments (with a maturity not exceeding 12 months), as well as other current assets of the company.

Depending on the materiality of the indicator, this line may be assigned one of the codes: 1220 (VAT on acquired assets), 1230 (accounts receivable), 1240 (financial investments (excluding cash equivalents), 1260 (other current assets).

In the last line of the balance sheet asset - 1600 “Balance”, enter the total amount of all balance sheet asset items.

The simplified balance sheet liability consists of six lines. The first line “Capital and reserves” indicates the aggregate data reflected in section. III “Capital and reserves” of the usual form of balance sheet. Read about what data is needed to fill out these lines in Berator for Windows (“Accounting statements” → section V “Balance sheet” → subsection “Capital and reserves”).

The next two lines reflect information about long-term liabilities. Line 1410 “Long-term borrowed funds” indicates information about loans and borrowings whose repayment period exceeds 12 months.

Line 1450 “Other long-term liabilities” is intended to reflect all other liabilities whose maturity exceeds 12 months.

The next three lines are intended to reflect short-term liabilities (the maturity of which does not exceed 12 months).

In line 1510 “Short-term borrowed funds” enter data on loans and borrowings, and in line 1520 - accounts payable. For all other liabilities, line 1150 “Other short-term liabilities” is intended.

The last line of the balance sheet 1700 “Liabilities” indicates the amount of all liability items.

If your company needs to explain some indicators of the balance sheet and income statement, then you also need to compile them. They need to provide only the most important information, without which it is impossible to assess the financial condition of your company. As financiers pointed out, in the Information “Accounting statements of small businesses”, it is advisable to indicate in the explanations, for example:

• accounting policy provisions that are necessary to explain the procedure for forming balance sheet indicators and (what method of accounting for income and expenses the company uses; whether deferred income tax is taken into account along with current tax, facts of prospective changes in accounting policies or prospective recalculation when correcting significant errors, etc. .);
• data on significant facts of economic life that are not disclosed by the balance sheet and financial performance statements. This may be information about significant transactions with the owners (founders), such as accruals and contributions to the authorized capital, etc.

Attention

Small companies have the right, as before, to submit accounting (financial) statements in the usual forms. In this case, it is necessary to comply with the general accounting requirements that are established.

Submission of simplified reporting forms is a right, not an obligation of firms. It is better to consolidate your decision in the accounting policy.

An example will show you how to fill out a simplified balance sheet form.

As of December 31 of the reporting year, Passive LLC generated indicators (in thousands of rubles) from the standard balance sheet form. The table shows only the rows for which there is data:

For 2012, the company decided to report using simplified forms of accounting (financial) reporting. This is what the simplified balance sheet of Passiv LLC will look like:

The balance sheet contains information about the value of all assets and liabilities of the enterprise. The balance is drawn up after the end of the reporting period and submitted to the Federal Tax Service and Rosstat until March 31 inclusive. We'll tell you how to draw up a balance sheet, even for a beginner, and what form of balance sheet to use. You will also be able to download a sample balance sheet.

Balance sheet form

The Ministry of Finance recommends using the new balance sheet form approved in 2010. You can make changes to a reporting form such as a balance sheet - add the necessary information or delete those positions for which the company does not have data. The balance sheet is shown in Figure 1.

Picture 1. New balance form (click to enlarge)

Types of balance sheet

There are several types of balance sheets, depending on when it is necessary to draw up an organization’s balance sheet, how completely it displays information about the operation of the enterprise, what information is used, how data is entered, and other features. We list the main types of balance:

• introductory – formed for a new enterprise;
• intermediate or test, formed every quarter;
• current, created as of an arbitrary date;
• initial – sums up the results of the past year, and work in the new year begins with it;
• final or liquidation balance sheet - compiled if the company stops operating for various reasons (read also about stages of enterprise bankruptcy );
• sanitized – for companies subject to reorganization or rehabilitation.

The balance sheet depends on the type of legal form of the company and the type of activity. Balance sheets also differ according to the organizations that compose this document:

1. General or individual, for the entire enterprise.
2. Private, in a separate division of the enterprise.
3. Dividing, when one enterprise is divided into several.
4. Consolidating, when several enterprises are created into one.

How to fill out the balance sheet cover sheet

The document must indicate data that discloses information about who compiled the organization’s balance sheet, for what date, who the taxpayer is and other information. This is a kind of “title page”, where the following information is indicated:

• the organization that provides the document is obliged to write its name as it is written in the constituent documents;
• full address and postal code;
• reporting date;
• enterprise tax identification number;
• code of legal form according to OKOPF;
• code of ownership according to OKFS;
• code according to OKPO, the all-Russian classifier of enterprises and organizations;
• code of the main activity of the enterprise from OKVED ;
• unit of measurement of funds, thousands or millions of rubles; if the enterprise has high indicators, the code according to OKEI, the all-Russian classifier of units of measurement, is indicated.

How to draw up a balance sheet: fill out the “Assets” section

An enterprise asset is all existing property and liabilities used by the company in its activities, expressed in the form of money and capable of generating income. Assets can be either current or non-current.

Current assets include those company assets that are consumed in the production of goods or services and require constant replenishment throughout the year. These are raw materials necessary for production, short-term receivables, money, spare parts, consumables.

The following are included in “Current assets”:

1. Inventories are valuables necessary for the production of products, further resale of goods, provision of services or for the needs of company management.
2. VAT on purchased assets is a tax for which a company can receive a deduction.
3. Accounts receivable - accounts receivable advances issued.
4. Financial investments without cash equivalents are investments for a period of less than twelve months.
5. Cash and cash equivalents are all of a company's cash and cash equivalents, which include deposits and financial speculative investments.
6. Other current assets – information that is not included above.
7. Section total is the total total of all lines, which shows the amount of these company assets.

Non-current assets include valuables used in production for more than a year. These are industrial buildings, structures, vehicles, machine tools, production equipment, long-term investments.

The section “Non-current assets” contains the lines:

1. Intangible assets are the residual value of an enterprise's intangible assets after taking into account depreciation.
2. Results of research and development - data on completed research and other works of a similar plan is entered.
3. Intangible exploration assets and tangible exploration assets - these sections are filled out by companies developing natural resources. These sections are completed with the impact of depreciation.
4. Fixed assets are the initial cost of a company's assets after taking into account depreciation.
5. Profitable investments in material assets are equipment, real estate, and any other property leased by an enterprise in order to generate additional income.
6. Financial investments - those investments are included here, the obligations for which expire in less than twelve months.
7. Deferred tax assets – the amount of tax that reduces the tax in future periods.
8. Other non-current assets - information not previously entered.
9. Partition Total – the total of all rows, which shows the total size of the partition.

How to fill out the “Liabilities” section

This section indicates how the Asset is formed. This is covered in the following sections:

• capital and reserves, usually these include authorized capital, reserve capital, and own funds of the owners of the enterprise;
• short-term liabilities, which include loans, borrowings and any debts with a maturity of less than one year, deferred income;
• long-term liabilities, which include borrowed funds - loans, borrowings, any debts with a maturity of more than one year.

Capital and reserves

Let's look at how to draw up a balance sheet in the “Capital and Reserves” section.

Authorized capital - enter the account balance 80 in this line.

Own repurchased shares – the value of repurchased shares.

Revaluation of non-current assets - indicates the amount by which the value of non-current assets, identified as a result of the revaluation, has increased.

Additional capital - here the funds received by the enterprise are indicated as a result of additional property or valuables contributed by the founders of the company, either as a result of share premium, or during the revaluation of fixed assets.

Reserve capital is the funds of an enterprise raised from net profit and used to insure against losses and damages.

Retained earnings - the result of retained earnings received or uncovered losses, is recorded on an accrual basis.

Section total – the total cost of the section’s liabilities.

Section "Targeted financing" Only non-profit organizations can complete this form.

long term duties

Borrowed funds are long-term debt obligations of an enterprise. Interest on long-term debts is classified as short-term debt.

Deferred tax liability is the amount of tax that will increase the tax payable in future periods.

Estimated liabilities are those for which the size or maturity date is not determined.

Other obligations are information that has not been described above.

Total for the section – the result of the listed obligations.

Short-term liabilities

Borrowed funds are short-term debt obligations; interest on long-term debt is classified as short-term debt.

Accounts payable – short-term debt that exists to suppliers, tax authorities, and company employees.

Deferred income is actually those incomes that relate to future periods, but received in a given reporting period.

Other obligations are information that is not listed above, but the period for fulfillment of them is no more than 12 months.

Section total is the total of all short-term liabilities.

Interpretation of individual indicators of the organization's balance sheet

If necessary, in this section of the organization's balance sheet, individual indicators are detailed, which should make it easier to read and understand the lines and codes of all sections of the organization's balance sheet.

Balance sheet example

We offer a sample balance sheet 2017 that can be downloaded.

Drawing 2 . Sample of filling out a balance sheet (click to enlarge)

The balance sheet is a table in which the accounting accounts used are located. Moreover, the accounts are arranged in ascending order of numbers.

The Turnover Balance Sheet reflects balances at the beginning of the period, turnover and balance at the end of the period, that is, the statement is formed for a certain period (for example, month, quarter, year).

We will not have an opening balance, since the conduct of activities is considered from scratch, immediately from the moment of formation of the authorized capital.

We will sequentially transfer the turnover and balance for each accounting account. We will also calculate the total turnover and the final balance of all accounts for Debit and Credit.

From this table it can be seen that the total turnover for the Debit and Credit accounts is the same. This means that business transactions are reflected correctly, and accounting entries

formed correctly.

Let's create a Balance Sheet based on the Turnover Balance Sheet in 1C 8.3 Accounting. The balance sheet will be presented in a simplified form, and here are only those indicators that were associated with solving the problem under consideration. For example, there are no non-current assets and this section will not be deciphered.

We will fill out the balance sheet step by step, starting with the first item, Inventories. This article displays materials, goods, finished products, work in progress.

Let's turn to the Turnover Balance Sheet and see what is available in the balances. The amount of materials and work in progress is RUB 20,000.00. (amount for 10 and 20 accounts).

Next article - Accounts receivable.

This is the total amount for the debit of accounts 60, 71 and 75, which is RUB 53,000.00. Next item – Cash and cash equivalents. Funds are displayed in 50 and 51 accounts. The total balance on these accounts is RUB 32,000.00. Let's calculate the balance sheet currency - 105,000.00 rubles. These data coincide with the data of the Turnover Balance Sheet.

Now let’s fill in the data on the Liability Balance Sheet. Authorized capital – RUB 100,000.00. Let's calculate accounts payable. Let's turn to settlement accounts - 60, 71 and 75. The total credit balance of these accounts is RUB 5,000.00. (amount for account 60).

Balance currency 105,000.00 rub. Please note that the balance sheet currency is the same in both the Asset and the Liability, that is, the total of the Asset is equal to the total of the Liability. This means that the balance sheet in 1C accounting is formed correctly.

Let's, based on the data on the accounting accounts, create a balance sheet in our 1C program, and draw up a Balance Sheet.

Accounting problems with solutions

In this section you will find solved accounting problems (a small part of them). Pay attention to the years mentioned in the solutions to the problems; accounting legislation is changing rapidly and some calculations in the solutions may be out of date at the moment.

If you need help with tasks, coursework, tests, we will be happy to help: Custom accounting. Other examples in the section: Ready-made accounting tests.

Catalog of tasks

Task 1. Determine the turnover and balances of the current account (final balance):
a) the cash balance at the beginning of the month was 3,000,000 rubles.
b) during the billing month the following business transactions were carried out
1) 10/XX received from the current account and money entered into the cash register - 1,000,000 rubles.
2) On 15/XX, the debt to suppliers was repaid in the amount of 800,000 rubles.
3) 15/XX transferred taxes to the budget of 600,000 rubles.
4) 20/XX funds were transferred to the location of the accountable person 8,400 rubles.
5) On 21/XX, money in the amount of 200,000 rubles was transferred from the current account and entered into the cash register.
6) during the billing period, proceeds from sales of 1,200,000 rubles were credited to the current account.

solving the problem of revolutions and remainders

Task 2. Based on business transactions, open synthetic accounting accounts and record the amounts of initial balances in them. After recording each transaction in the journal, record it in the accounts.
Calculate the actual cost of manufactured products, financial results from the sale of products, other operations, income tax, and net profit of the enterprise. Display ending account balances.
Based on the accounts, prepare a turnover sheet, a balance sheet at the beginning and end of the reporting period, a financial performance statement, and a cash flow statement for the reporting period.

solving cross-cutting accounting problem 2 (15 pages)

Task 3. 1. Make accounting entries for all business transactions for 2012. with the necessary calculations.
2. Open the necessary accounts, calculate the turnover for the month and display the balance at the end of the period.
3. Calculate the actual cost of goods sold for March 2012.
4. Draw up a turnover sheet highlighting the necessary subaccounts as of April 1, 2012.
5.

solving accounting problem 3

Task 4. Based on the data to complete the task:
1. Prepare and fill out a log of business transactions.
2. Open charts of accounts and reflect business transactions in them.
3. Calculate the turnover for the month and display the balances at the end of the month.
4. Determine and write off the result from product sales.
5. Draw up a turnover sheet for synthetic accounts.
6. Compile the balance sheet of Kedr LLC as of May 1, 2013.

Accounting problem with solution 4

Task 5. 1.Open synthetic accounts and record balances at the beginning of the month on them
2. Compile a journal of business transactions for the month. Make the necessary calculations for transactions.
3. Record transactions for the month on the accounts and calculate the results of debit and credit turnover. Display balances at the beginning of the next month.
4. Draw up a turnover sheet for synthetic accounts.
5. Draw up a balance sheet at the beginning of the next month based on the turnover sheet data.

solution to end-to-end accounting problem 5 (23 pages)

Task 6. Money received for services provided amounted to 54,870 rubles. The material was credited to the warehouse in the amount of 5,648 rubles. The main employees received wages in the amount of 45,793 rubles. Wages were paid to employees in the amount of 5,267 rubles. Paid for stationery 12,500 rubles. UST was transferred in the amount of 25,000 rubles and personal income tax in the amount of 45,600 rubles. Materials written off for production amounted to 45,870 rubles. Invoices to a transport company in the amount of 63,287 rubles were accepted. finished products were transferred to the warehouse for 45,839 rubles. Draw up a journal of business transactions (contents document debit credit amount) make posting (airplanes)

Accounting airplanes example

Task 7. The company's balance sheet includes property, the residual value is:
As of 01/01/2013 – RUB 2,345,000.
As of 02/01/2013 – RUB 2,294,700.
As of 03/01/2013 – RUB 2,175,300.
As of 04/01/2013 – RUB 3,187,600.
Determine the average annual value of the property. Calculate the advance payment and transfer it to the budget. (Make a plane and postings)

Solving the property problem

Task 8. Prepare accounting entries and determine the type of business transaction that affects changes in the balance sheet

Preparation of transactions

Free solutions to various economic problems

In this article I was going to show how to make a balance sheet from SALT. However, having figured out how I would do this, I realized that I would start using accounting rules and terms. And I’m not sure that you and I will have the same understanding of them. So, I came up with this.

I am not interested in writing a purely theoretical article. I want to engage you so that together we can go from “reviewing SALT” to filling out the balance sheet.

For this I have my own approach: when giving new knowledge, I strive to ensure that there is a repetition of the previous ones. In other words, we repeat the knowledge that serves us as a support for new ones.

I would like to note that in this series of articles about filling out a balance sheet, I will talk about general ideas, basic rules, and show how it is done. Together with me, you will go all the way to creating a balance sheet based on the OCB of a real enterprise.

So, let's go...

Here is the OCB of a working enterprise. In the previous article we prepared it for creating a balance sheet.

Here's what we should do now:

• download the balance sheet and open it
• In the “name” column, write the name of the account. No need to look at the chart of accounts. There is no need to achieve some exact match between the name of the account and what it is called in the chart of accounts. Just remember and write. It is enough that your name reflects the essence of the account. For example. I will call the 50th account “Cashier”. And in the chart of accounts it can be called “Enterprise Cash Office”.
• in the “AP” column for each account, indicate what it is, “A - active account”, “P - passive account” or “AP - active-passive account”. Clue: Active accounts- these are those that store information about what the enterprise has and this is “what” helps the enterprise work and earn money. Usually “it” can be touched. Active accounts always have a debit balance or zero. Passive accounts- these are the debts/obligations of our company. This is simply information about the amounts owed. Passive accounts always have a credit balance or zero.

Of course, putting down “A, P and AP” is not an easy task. This requires knowledge and some reflection. I agree that there are invoices where you can issue them right away, and somewhere you can use a hint and enter the required characteristics. In any case, put it where you can do it. And fill in the remaining empty cells according to the chart of accounts. Download the chart of accounts.

Once you solve the problem, compare it with what I did.

Some General Rules and Observations

I assume, reader, that you remember that accounting accounts collect and store information about the activities of a business. All information is separated according to certain criteria. So, account code and name serves as a criterion for separation. As a result, OSV shows everyone involved accounting accounts at our company. From the OSV we see what information has been collected.

However, balance sheet collects enterprise information differently.

Firstly, the balance sheet divides information into ASSETS and LIABILITIES.

Secondly, within ASSET and LIABILITY, information is divided into certain groups. Each such group is an economic indicator.

Ultimately, SALT is simply regrouped on the balance sheet.

• All debit balances, and these are accounts with characteristic A, go to the “ASSET balance” section
• All credit balances, and these are accounts with characteristic P, go to the “LIABILITY” section of the balance sheet.
• Accounts with the AP characteristic are transferred to the balance sheet as follows: if there is a debit balance, it goes to an ASSET, if there is a credit balance, it goes to a LIABILITY.

The amount received in ASSET or LIABILITY is entered into the specific name of the economic indicator. The basis for including the amount in the economic indicator will be the name of the accounting account, or, when it is not clear, we will use the law on filling out the balance sheet. Well, we will start filling out the balance very soon.

Fixed assets and intangible assets when filling out the balance sheet

Fixed assets are inextricably linked with such a concept as depreciation (accounted for in account 02). Depreciation is a gradual decrease in the initial cost of an asset associated with the operation of the asset. The depreciation process for fixed assets occurs over a certain period of time, but more than a year. As a result, everything will come to the point that the amount of depreciation will be equal to the original cost of the operating system.

Look at SALT. Account 01 records the amounts of all fixed assets at their original costs. Account 02 takes into account the depreciation amounts of these fixed assets. Now you are asking yourself, what does this have to do with the balance sheet?

It would seem that according to the rules for posting amounts from SALT to the balance sheet, we must send the amounts from the 01st account to the ASSET, and send the amounts from the 02nd account to the LIABILITY of the balance sheet. However, there is an exception for Fixed Assets.

Its essence is that before sending the amount to the balance sheet, we take the amounts from 01, subtract the amounts from 02 and send the resulting amount to where????

IN THE ASSET balance. Because depreciation can never be more than the original cost of the asset, and therefore the difference between 01-02 will always be a debit. 01 account (A) > 02 account (P). Well, in extreme cases, it will be 0.

Exactly the same situation with accounts 04 and 05. This takes into account the assets of an enterprise that do not have a physical object, like a machine or a machine. Account 04 takes into account such assets of the enterprise as licenses, the exclusive right to a patent, the exclusive right to software, etc. Their period of use is also more than 12 months and they are not intended for resale. Everything is the same as with the OS. Depreciation of Intangible Assets (IMA) is accounted for on account 05.

CONCLUSION

To finish this article, I propose to do a practical task. We'll work a little with the numbers from the OS. The task is:

• divide your sheet in a notebook or notebook into two columns: “Asset” and “Passive”
• from SALT we will work with the column “Balance at the beginning of the period”
• according to all the rules studied in this article - write out accounting accounts and amounts, what can be classified as an “Asset” and what can be classified as a “Liability”
• In each column, calculate the total of all amounts
• compare the total amount of “Asset” and the total amount of “Liability”

To complete the task, you already have previously downloaded OSV. If you haven't downloaded it yet, download it here.

Perhaps now we are ready to fill out the balance sheet. We will do this in the next article. I invite you.

P.S.

I can't get this article out of my head.

There is some feeling of incompleteness, or something. The goal is clear - to lead you, the reader, to filling out the balance. Make sure you are as prepared as possible for this action. And, although I have to try to make the explanation understandable, there is still something missing in this article.

I understand that there will still be questions, but I want to keep them to a minimum. I think that I will answer some of these questions in advance. Before we get started filling out the balance sheet form, I suggest working with SALT a little more.

This is what we need to do.

• we continue to work with the first column of SALT - “opening balance”
• write down the invoices that you believe collect information about our company's debts. You can immediately start writing out those bills that you know are in SALT. You can go the opposite way - cross out those accounts that are responsible for the company’s property, for what you can touch. The remaining bills are what you need.
• Issued invoices have amounts in “Debit” or “Credit”, or even both. Write out an invoice, each amount, and write what kind of debt it is - “Do our company owe” or “Our company owes”
• Remember how in accounting they are called “Debt to our company” and “Our company owes”.

  In parentheses for these names, write accounting terms for each amount. For tips, read this article.

Once you do it, compare it with what I got.

Financial analysis of an enterprise in MS Excel

A selection of financial analysis in excel tables of an enterprise from various authors.

Excel tables Popova A.A. will allow you to conduct a financial analysis: calculate business activity, solvency, profitability, financial stability, aggregated balance sheet, analyze the structure of balance sheet assets, ratio and dynamic analysis based on Forms 1 and 2 of the enterprise’s financial statements.
Download financial analysis in excel from Popov

Excel tables of financial analysis of the enterprise by Zaikovsky V.E. (Directors for Economics and Finance of JSC Tomsk Measuring Equipment Plant) allow, on the basis of Forms 1 and 2 of external accounting statements, to calculate the bankruptcy of an enterprise according to the Altman, Taffler and Lis model, to assess the financial condition of the enterprise in terms of liquidity, financial stability, and the state of fixed assets , asset turnover, profitability. In addition, a connection is found between the insolvency of an enterprise and the state’s debt to it. There are graphs of changes in the assets and liabilities of the enterprise over time.
Download financial analysis in excel from Zaikovsky

Excel tables for financial analysis from Malakhov V.I. allow you to calculate the balance in percentage form, assess management efficiency, assess financial (market) stability, assess liquidity and solvency, assess profitability, business activity, the company’s position on the market market, the Altman model. Diagrams of balance sheet assets, revenue dynamics, gross and net profit dynamics, and debt dynamics are constructed.
Download financial analysis in excel from Malakhov

Excel spreadsheets for financial analysis Repina V.V. calculate cash flows, profit-loss, changes in debt, changes in inventories, dynamics of changes in balance sheet items, financial indicators in GAAP format. Allows you to conduct a ratio financial analysis of the enterprise.
Download financial analysis in excel from Repin

Excel tables Salova A.N., Maslova V.G. will allow you to conduct a spectrum of scoring analysis of your financial condition. The spectrum scoring method is the most reliable method of financial and economic analysis. Its essence lies in conducting an analysis of financial ratios by comparing the obtained values ​​with standard values, using a system of “spreading” these values ​​into zones of distance from the optimal level. The analysis of financial ratios is carried out by comparing the obtained values ​​with the recommended standard values, which play the role of threshold standards. The further the value of the coefficients is from the standard level, the lower the degree of financial well-being and the higher the risk of falling into the category of insolvent enterprises.
Download financial analysis in excel from Maslov

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Accounting courses. Step6. Learning to make a balance

If you want to become a chief accountant, then you should definitely learn how to make a balance sheet. It is the direct responsibility of the chief accountant to make a balance sheet at the end of each quarter. So, you want to learn how to balance a balance? Take an accounting course and you'll learn how to do a balance sheet and how to prepare your tax returns. You will definitely get a higher paying job! It’s cheaper to learn everything from a professional than to relearn everything later! all information on the Accounting Courses page.

To receive a free step of the course “How to become a chief accountant”,

write me an email [email protected] “Please send me the first step of the course.”

6.1 What is included in the “Balance” of the organization.

Accounting courses it is impossible to build without detailed information about the construction of the balance. So, let's learn how to balance the balance. For some reason, in the numerous literature on accounting, the process of preparing a balance sheet is not described anywhere. There are many articles on how to fill out a balance, what to reflect in certain lines of balance sheets, but nowhere is it described in understandable human language how to do it. Therefore, when I was a novice chief accountant, I had to turn to more experienced colleagues for help.

If you have someone to turn to when preparing your first balance sheet, that's great! My task is to tell you the most necessary things about how to prepare a balance sheet, and you can get the details of what to include in the balance sheet lines yourself from the literature.
The balance is submitted to the tax office four times a year: for the 1st quarter, for 6 months, for 9 months and for the year.

The figurative word “Balance” includes:

— Balance sheet(Form No. 1);
— Report about profits and losses (form No. 2);
— Report on changes in capital (Form No. 3);
— Report on cash flow (form No. 4);
— Application to the balance sheet (Form No. 5);
- explanatory note.

However, small businesses do not submit Form 3, Form 4 and Form 5. Therefore, we will not consider them as part of our training.
The balance is submitted to the tax office by the 30th day of the month following the last month of the quarter. Those. for the first quarter - until April 30, for the 2nd quarter - until July 30, for the 3rd quarter - until September 30, and annual reports must be submitted to the tax office before March 30 of the next year.

Balance sheet forms change frequently, so if you do not have a consulting program on your computer from which you can get the latest versions of the forms, you can buy a complete package of balance sheet forms with all the latest changes from your tax office. When you make a balance for the first time, it is better to do so so that you do not have to look in the program, but get a ready-made balance package.

Before you start preparing your balance sheet, you must audit all your accounts. For a better understanding, we will assume that our organization is engaged in wholesale trade. It will be more clear this way.

You need to start with cash accounts - accounts 51 “Current Account” and 50 “Cash”.

In our discussion, I will keep in mind that you use a computer in your work, and use one of the accounting programs (we will talk about this in more detail later). I can’t imagine anyone doing accounting manually.

The advantage of using accounting programs is that you only need to enter transactions for all primary documents, and the program generates all account reports (statements, account cards, etc.) itself.

So, you post all bank statements, thereby forming account 51. At the same time, you reconcile the balance of account 51 (closing balance) that you have obtained with the bank statement. To look at the ending balance for some account, you just need to create a statement for this account for the month. An account statement is a report that shows all account transactions for the month. In our training we learned how an account is formed using the structure of an account. So this account structure is the account statement.

Next, we post all the cash documents, thereby forming account 50. At the same time, you check the balance of account 50 (closing balance) that you have obtained with the balance of money in the cash register. At the same time, we check whether the cash documents are drawn up correctly and whether all signatures are on the receipt and expenditure orders.

So, we dealt with cash accounts.

The next stage is checking the accounts of goods and fixed assets. To do this, you check whether all documents from suppliers have been posted (invoices). For example, according to receipt documents, you received goods worth 200,000 rubles. excluding VAT and VAT 200,000*18%=36,000 rub. You must check that the turnover in the debit of account 41 “Goods” is equal to 200,000 rubles.

In this case, you sold the goods and the cost of the goods sold is 50,000. This means that the credit of account 41 should be equal to 50,000.

Further, some balance remains on the 41st account. This is the value of goods remaining at the end of the period. When you post incoming and outgoing documents into the accounting program, the program itself calculates the number of goods that arrived at the warehouse, which left the warehouse, and the amount of goods that remained in the warehouse. You should compare this data with the storekeepers' reports every month. If the data matches, great! If not, you need to do an emergency inventory of the warehouse to understand the situation.

After you have dealt with the accounts of material assets, check account 60 “Settlements with suppliers”. With each supplier at the end of the month you need to have a reconciliation report signed by both parties. You must check whether the balance for suppliers, which was obtained on the 60th account for each supplier, matches the reconciliation report. If not, it means that an error has crept in somewhere. Perhaps not all documents for the supply of goods are reflected, or the payment accidentally went to another supplier.

62/90 reflected the buyer's debt.
90/68 charged VAT.
90/41 wrote off the cost of goods sold.
90/44 wrote off expenses that fell during the reporting period.
90/99 reflects the financial result.

I have now written postings without subaccounts for the 90th account to remind once again the general scheme, and with subaccounts these postings were described in detail when we were talking about sales (sales).

After this, you check the accuracy of payments to customers. With each buyer you also need to have a reconciliation report, the amount of which must match the balance for the buyer in account 62 “Settlements with buyers”

You see that your profit was made on the 99th account.

After all these steps, you print out the “Return - Balance Sheet”. The turnover balance sheet is a report that indicates the amounts of balances at the beginning of the period for all accounts, the turnover for the month by debit and credit, and the balance at the end.

This is your balance (form 1)! Debit balances (closing balances) on accounts are an asset on your balance sheet, and credit balances on accounts are a liability on your balance sheet.

You can fully master the materials if you sign up for training.

All information about the courses can be obtained

on the Accounting Courses page

[email protected]

The accounting balance sheet - you will find an example of how to fill it out in the article - is not only a document for reporting to the Federal Tax Service, it is also a source of data for analyzing the current activities of the enterprise and making forecasts. How to fill out a balance sheet without errors? Which form should I use? Which companies are entitled to fill out a simplified balance sheet form? We will consider the answers to these and other questions in the material below, and also study the step-by-step instructions for filling out each line of the form using an example.

Why do you need a completed balance sheet: example

The 2018 balance sheet is a document that summarizes accounting data on the financial performance of an organization for a certain period. Despite the fact that the 2018 balance sheet form that is relevant for the Russian Federation - you can download the form for free directly from the article - is filled in with data for very specific dates, a comparison of these data reflects their dynamics over time.

A competent reading of the 2018 balance sheet form provides fairly broad information of an economic nature to the interested user. These users include primarily:

• owners of the organization;
• financial and economic service of the enterprise;
• Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service;
• state statistics bodies;
• banks from which the company receives loans;
• investors;
• sponsors;
• counterparties with whom current interaction is carried out;
• administrations of the regions where the enterprise operates.

The 2018 balance sheet, as well as the 2017 balance sheet, allows you to see not only the specific financial and economic situation at the reporting date, but also analyze its changes in comparison with data for previous years. And taking into account long-term development plans, it makes it possible to draw up a forecast of the enterprise’s activities and, accordingly, a forecast balance sheet.

For external users, as a rule, it is enough to present the balance sheet on the 2018 form with a certain frequency (month, quarter, year). They may be satisfied with the standard reporting form, which is used to submit a report to the Federal Tax Service and state statistics bodies, but options for transforming the data into other reporting forms similar to the 2018 balance sheet are possible.

For internal purposes, the main of which is the current analysis of activities and timely adoption of measures to adjust the operation of the enterprise, the balance sheet - Form 1 on the 2018 form - can be compiled at any frequency and in a very wide range of its types.

Thus, the value of the balance sheet goes very far beyond the boundaries of the usual accounting records created for the Federal Tax Service. Therefore, special attention should be paid to filling it out and knowing how to draw up a balance sheet correctly.

Forms in which it is possible to create a balance sheet

To be presented as official reporting, the balance sheet has a specific form. For the internal needs of an organization, it can have many modifications depending on the purpose and the type of data for its compilation:

• data can be taken either on specific dates (balance sheet) or by turnover for a period (turnover balance);
• the source data can be either only accounting, or only inventory, or accounting that is confirmed by inventory results;
• data can be taken into account either with the inclusion of regulatory items (depreciation, reserves, markup) or without them;
• the balance sheet can be drawn up in relation to only one of the types of activities of the enterprise;
• the balance sheet can have either a full or an abbreviated (simplified) form;
• the balance sheet can be drawn up in the form of equality between assets and the sum of capital and liabilities, or it can take the form of equality between capital and the difference between assets and liabilities;
• the balance sheet can be made for one organization or include data for several enterprises (consolidated and consolidated balance sheets);
• in relation to the event, there may be opening, liquidation, separation, and unification balance sheets;
• the balance can be preliminary, forecast, interim, final.

And this is not a complete list of possible options for drawing up a balance sheet for an organization to solve its internal problems. However, the fundamental approaches to filling out this form remain the same regardless of the way the source data is reflected in it.

How to draw up a balance sheet - 2018 for the Federal Tax Service: rules and techniques

The full form of the balance sheet contains the entire list of items that are recommended to be highlighted in the appropriate sections of the balance sheet. However, an enterprise may exclude items from this report for which it does not have the data to fill out, and, conversely, include additional items if this increases the reliability of the reports being compiled.

The full form has a box to display notes for each article. The enterprise decides for itself whether it needs to use this column. Obviously, it becomes necessary for any deviation from the standard recommended form.

In the abbreviated (simplified) form, which can be used by some legal entities that meet certain requirements if they consider it possible to present reporting in a simplified form, there is no division into sections and a column for notes, and the articles are combined in order to consolidate the indicators.

Read about which legal entities can create accounting records in a simplified form.

How to fill out a balance sheet? The basic rules governing the procedure for drawing up the 2018 balance sheet for official reporting purposes are contained in PBU 4/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 6, 1999 No. 43n. They boil down to the following:

• the source of information for drawing up the balance sheet is accounting data;
• accounting data must be generated according to the rules of the current accounting regulations and in accordance with the accounting policies adopted by the enterprise;

Read about the features of accounting policies when applying the simplified tax system in the article “Procedure for maintaining accounting records under the simplified tax system (2018)” .

• credentials must meet the requirements of completeness and reliability;
• an enterprise that has branches draws up a single balance sheet for the organization;
• data reflected in the balance sheet must be neutral and correlated with data from previous periods;
• the allocation of items in sections of the balance sheet is carried out according to the principle of materiality;
• the reporting period for the balance sheet is a calendar year;
• assets and liabilities reflected in the balance sheet should be divided into short-term and long-term (existing less than and more than 12 months, respectively);
• offset between items of assets and liabilities is not made if it is not provided for by the PBU;
• property is valued at its “net” value (less regulatory items);
• The accounting data of the annual report must be confirmed by the inventory.

Read more about organizing inventory in the material. “How to conduct an inventory before annual reporting” .

What does the abbreviation TZR (decoding) and others mean?

• TZR - transport and procurement costs.
• OS - fixed assets.
• R&D - research and development work.
• Intangible assets - intangible assets.
• WIP - work in progress.
• FBP - deferred expenses.
• Commodities and materials - inventory items.
• FSS - social insurance fund.

General rules for filling out the balance sheet

The balance sheet is filled out on the basis of information about the balances in the accounting accounts as of the reporting date. These balances are reflected in the balance sheet in accordance with the objectives assigned to a specific report.

How to make a balance sheet - step-by-step instructions with examples will be given below . In relation to data on the financial result (retained earnings/uncovered loss), the current balance sheet is prepared, as a rule, by including in the reporting period the full number of months of the year for which it is formed. This is due to the fact that financial results accounts are generally closed on a monthly basis.

Data in the balance sheet are most often shown in thousands, less often in millions of rubles.

The division of assets and liabilities into long-term and short-term is provided for by the structure of the balance sheet. In his assets, 2 sections are allocated for this: non-current assets (long-term) and current assets (short-term). The liability is divided into three sections, two of which are sections on obligations, divided by the time of circulation (long-term and short-term). The third liability section reflects data on equity, which occupies a special position in the structure of the balance sheet.

Reflecting information on specific balance lines has its own characteristics. Let's figure out what is important when filling out a balance sheet - an example with decoding:

• data on the cost of fixed assets (including those intended for rental) and intangible assets are shown, as a rule, minus depreciation;
• information on R&D, tangible and intangible exploration assets is filled in only if such assets are available, while exploration assets are reflected net of depreciation;
• data on financial investments, which are loans issued, cash investments in banks (deposits), deposits in other organizations, in securities, are divided depending on their maturity into long-term and short-term and are shown, respectively, in different sections of the asset, while amounts are reflected less the created reserve for impairment of financial investments;
• information on deferred tax assets and liabilities present in the asset (non-current assets) and liability (long-term liabilities) lines of the balance sheet is filled out only by those organizations that apply PBU 18/02;
• data on inventories, including balances on accounts for materials (with inventory items), goods, finished products, work in progress, RBP, are reduced by the amount of created reserves for depreciation of goods and materials and the value of the trade margin, if goods are accounted for with it;
• accounts receivable and payable, which are amounts that someone owes the company and that the company owes to someone (counterparties, budget, funds, employees), are shown in detail and are reflected, respectively, in the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet as part of short-term liabilities; in this case, accounts receivable are reduced by the amount of created reserves for doubtful debts and data recorded on other balance sheet lines (financial investments);
• VAT on advances may be reflected in the balance sheet differently, depending on the accounting policy adopted by the enterprise;

• funds (cash, non-cash, foreign currency) are shown in the total amount minus deposits accounted for in the lines of financial investments;
• the amount of additional capital, if present in accounting, is divided into two lines, depending on whether it is related to the revaluation of property;
• the financial result (retained profit or uncovered loss) in the annual balance sheet represents the result of activities for a finite number of years (after the balance sheet reform), and in interim reporting it consists of two figures (the financial result of previous years and the financial result of the current period), regardless depending on the reporting period, it may be a negative value;

• data on borrowed funds are divided into long-term and short-term liabilities according to the remaining period of their repayment and are shown in different sections of liabilities, while accrued interest on long-term loans is included in short-term debt;
• in a similar manner, depending on the remaining period of use, estimated liabilities are divided into long-term and short-term liabilities reflected in different sections of liabilities, which correspond to the amounts of created reserves for future expenses;
• data on future income additionally includes information on the amounts of targeted financing;
• all sections of the balance sheet, with the exception of the “Capital and Reserves” section, have a line for reflecting other assets or liabilities, intended for entering into it data that does not find a place in other lines of the corresponding section, or for those data that the organization decided to show separately.

When compiling an abbreviated (simplified) form of the balance sheet, a number of items highlighted in the full form are combined into items with new names:

• under the article “Tangible non-current assets”, one amount shows information about fixed assets and incomplete capital investments, which in the full form of the balance sheet is divided into 4 articles: “Intangible exploration assets”, “Tangible exploration assets”, “Fixed assets”, “Profitable investments in assets” ";
• the article “Intangible, financial and other non-current assets” combines data on the value of intangible assets, R&D, unfinished investments in intangible assets, information on long-term financial investments and deferred tax assets;
• the article “Financial and other current assets” together provides information on short-term financial investments, VAT on acquired assets and accounts receivable;
• the article “Capital and reserves” combines information on authorized, additional and reserve capital, purchased own shares, data on the revaluation of property and on retained earnings (uncovered loss);
• the item “Other long-term liabilities” jointly shows data on deferred tax liabilities and long-term provisions;
• in the article “Other short-term liabilities,” one amount shows data on future income and short-term estimated liabilities.

Balance sheet: how to fill out item by item

To fill out balance sheet items, data on balances formed as of the reporting date is taken from specific accounting accounts. In relation to the current version of the accounting chart of accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, when filling out the full form of the 2018 balance sheet - which can be downloaded for free in our article - the balances on the following accounts are used:

• for the article “Intangible assets” - the final balance on account 04 minus the total on account 05, while for account 04 the data included in the line “Results of research and development” is not taken into account, and for account 05 - figures related to intangible exploration assets ;
• for the article “Results of research and development”, data on R&D costs reflected in the balance on account 04 is selected;
• for the articles “Intangible exploration assets” and “Tangible exploration assets”, data on the costs of developing natural resources is taken from account 08 minus depreciation related to these assets, taken into account, respectively, on accounts 02 and 05;
• for the item “Fixed assets”, the data is determined as the difference between the balances of accounts 01 and 02 (account 02 does not take into account figures related to material exploration assets and profitable investments in tangible assets), to which is added the amount of capital investment costs recorded in the accounts 07 and 08 (except for the figures included in the lines “Intangible search assets” and “Tangible search assets”);
• for the article “Profitable investments in assets”, the difference between the balances of accounts 03 and 02 in relation to the same objects is taken;
• for the item “Financial investments” in non-current assets, data on long-term amounts (with a maturity of more than 12 months) in accounts 55 (for deposits), 58, 73 (for loans issued to employees) is selected, which are reduced by the amount of reserves for long-term investments (count 59);
• for the item “Deferred tax assets”, the balance of account 09 is taken;
• for the item “Inventories”, the amount is formed by adding the balances on accounts 10, 11 (both accounts minus the reserve recorded on account 14), 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 41 (minus account 42, if accounting of goods is carried out with a markup), 43, 44, 45, 46, 97;
• for the article “Value added tax on acquired assets”, the balance of account 19 is taken;
• for the item “Receivables”, the debit balances on accounts 60, 62 (both accounts minus the reserves formed on account 63), 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73 (minus the data recorded under the item “Financial attachments"), 75, 76;
• for the article “Financial investments (except for cash equivalents)” in current assets, data on short-term amounts (with a maturity of less than 12 months) in accounts 55 (for deposits), 58, 73 (for loans issued to employees) are selected, which are reduced for the amount of reserves for short-term investments (account 59);
• for the item "" the amount is obtained by adding the balances on accounts 50, 51, 52, 55 (except for deposits), 57;

• for the article “Authorized capital (share capital, authorized capital, contributions of partners)” the data is taken as the balance of account 80;
• for the item “Own shares purchased from shareholders”, the balance of account 81 is taken;
• for the article “Revaluation of non-current assets”, data on balances on account 83 related to fixed assets and intangible assets are selected.
• for the item “Additional capital (without revaluation)” the data is formed as balances on account 83 minus data related to fixed assets and intangible assets;
• for the item “Reserve capital”, the balance of account 82 is taken;
• for the article “Retained earnings (uncovered loss),” the annual balance sheet includes the balance of account 84, and when preparing interim reporting, two balances are added up: account 84 (financial result of previous years) and 99 (financial result of the current period of the reporting year), with In this case, the sum can be formed both by addition and by subtraction;
• for the item “Borrowed funds” in the section “Long-term liabilities”, long-term (with a remaining maturity of more than 12 months) debt on loans and borrowings is selected from the balances on account 67, while interest on long-term borrowed funds must be taken into account as part of short-term accounts payable;
• for the item "" the balance of account 77 is taken;
• for the item “Estimated liabilities” in the section “Long-term liabilities”, from the balances on account 96, data on long-term reserves, the period of use of which exceeds 12 months, is selected;
• for the item “Borrowed funds” in the section “Short-term liabilities”, the balances on account 66, interest on long-term borrowed funds taken into account in the balances on account 67, and that debt on long-term loans and borrowings (account 67), which at the time of drawing up the report became short-term (less than 12 months left until its maturity);
• for the item “Accounts payable”, credit balances on accounts 60, 62, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76 are summed up;
• for the item “Deferred income”, the balances of accounts 86 and 98 are added up;
• for the item “Estimated Liabilities” in the “Short-Term Liabilities” section, from the balances on account 96, data on short-term reserves, the useful life of which is less than 12 months, is selected.

To fill out the combined items of the reduced balance sheet, the balances on the following accounts are used:

• for the article “Tangible non-current assets”, the sum of the balances on accounts 01 and 03 minus the balance on account 02 is determined, which is then added to the balances on accounts 07 and 08, which are classified as non-current assets;
• for the article “Intangible, financial and other non-current assets”, the difference in balances on accounts 04 and 05 is summed up with data on long-term amounts on accounts 55 (for deposits), 58, 73 (for loans issued to employees), reduced by the amount of reserves for long-term investments (account 59), with the balance of account 09 and with data on unfinished investments in intangible assets and R&D reflected in account 08;
• for the article “Financial and other current assets”, data on accounts 19, 55 (less long-term deposits), 58 (on short-term investments) is combined with a decrease in the amount of reserves related to them (account 59), 60, 62 (both accounts less reserves formed on account 63), 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73 (less amounts of long-term loans), 75, 76;
• for the item “Capital and reserves” the total amount of balances on accounts 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 is determined;
• for the item “Other long-term liabilities”, the balances of accounts 77 and 96 are combined (in relation to reserves with a period of use of more than 12 months);
• for the item “Other short-term liabilities” the balances on accounts 86, 96 (in relation to short-term reserves) and 98 are summed up.

The items “Inventories”, “Cash and cash equivalents”, “Long-term borrowed funds”, “Short-term borrowed funds”, “Accounts payable” are filled out according to the same accounts as similar items in the full balance sheet.

Balance sheet: example of filling out the general form

An example of a balance sheet completed by specialists is of interest to many accountants, both beginners and experienced, especially if a complex situation arises.

Examples of balance sheets with entered indicators can be seen on the websites of almost all reference and legal systems. In addition, an example of a balance sheet can be a form filled out automatically by an accounting program. However, Form 1 - Balance Sheet for 2018 completed in this way requires its verification. To carry out such a check and correctly configure its completion in the program, you need to understand the entire mechanism for generating the balance sheet.

Let's look at how to draw up an accounting balance sheet using the example of accounting data for which the financial result is formed after carrying out the necessary regulatory operations and reforming the balance sheet.

Let's assume that we are talking about an organization engaged in manufacturing and wholesale trade. The features of her credentials are due to the fact that she:

• has OS and intangible assets;
• makes capital investments;
• has financial investments;
• creates reserves for depreciation of goods and materials and financial investments, reserves for doubtful debts;
• creates a reserve for vacation payments;
• takes loans from banks;
• reimburses VAT;
• receives reimbursement of expenses for sick leave from the Social Insurance Fund;
• applies PBU 18/02;
• has a profit for previous years;
• has a loss based on the results of work for the current year.

We will display its accounting data as of the reporting date in the form of a table with a breakdown by accounting accounts in relation to the current version of the chart of accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n.

The table will contain detailed data on debit and credit balances, which, for ease of presentation, are not broken down by subaccount and rounded to the nearest thousand rubles without decimal places.

The balance sheet of an enterprise, filled out as an example of the 2018 sample, will look like this.

The correctness of filling out the balance sheet form 1 on the 2018 form can be checked arithmetically. This can be done in two ways: from the total of debit balances and from the total of credit balances.

When checking in the first way, from the total amount of debit balances on accounting accounts, it is necessary to subtract the values ​​​​related to regulatory items (depreciation, provisions for impairment), i.e. credit balances on accounts 02, 05, 14, 59, 63. The result should be equal to the balance sheet asset total.

A similar formula is used when checking in the second way: the values ​​of regulatory items are subtracted from the total amount of credit balances on the accounting accounts (credit balances on the same accounts 02, 05, 14, 59, 63). The result should be equal to the total liabilities of the balance sheet.

Let's check: 23,963 - 1,017 - 57 - 101 - 62 - 1,115 = 21,611.

If the above accounting data related to interim reporting, then their only difference would be the presence of data on account 99 (due to the absence of balance sheet reformation performed only at the close of the year). In our example of the balance sheet before the reformation, account 99 had a loss of 70,000 rubles. (i.e., debit balance), and account 84 showed the profit of previous years in the amount of 309,000 rubles, which had not yet been reduced by the loss of the reporting year. In this case, the amount in the balance sheet would remain arithmetically the same, but the data on the line “Retained earnings” would be taken as the difference between the figures reflected in accounts 84 and 99. The total amounts of debit and credit balances in this case would be greater by the amount of the loss, and in the verification formulas the amount of loss would have to be additionally subtracted from them.

The balance sheet form 1 on a 2018 sample form, filled out automatically in an accounting program, must be checked. To do this, its figures are verified with data obtained from the consolidated balance sheet for the accounting accounts generated as of the reporting date. To select data on the analytics of property, financial investments, loans, additional capital, and reserves, balance sheets for the corresponding accounting accounts are used. The greatest difficulty is checking the correctness of the formation of detailed balances on accounts for settlements with counterparties. Here you will have to sum up both the balances of individual accounts and the debt of specific counterparties.

Balance sheet: example of filling out a simplified form

The balance sheet of an enterprise, filled out using the 2018 example in a simplified form, will be as follows.

To be submitted to state statistics authorities, balance sheet lines must be encoded in a separate column of the report. The codes used in full form are given in Appendix 4 to the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n.

In the abbreviated form of the balance sheet - the 2018 form can be downloaded for free below - the combined lines must contain the code of the indicator that makes up the majority of the amount in this indicator.

If previously the balance sheet of the organization was presented to the Federal Tax Service in full, and then a decision was made to form it in an abbreviated form, then the data for previous years must be transformed into a simplified form, preserving their original values ​​and in compliance with the rules for reflection in simplified reporting.

The balance sheet drawn up in accordance with the form approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n, must contain, in addition to reporting data, data as of the end of the two previous years. Data from previous years must coincide with official reporting figures for these years.

You can download the full form of the balance sheet for free from our article “Company balance sheet form (download)” .

Before filling out the text section in the balance sheet located above the main balance sheet table, we recommend paying attention to 3 things:

• the type of economic activity is indicated by the type of activity that brought the largest amount of revenue in the reporting period;
• codes related to the organization are taken from the tax registration certificate, a letter from the state statistics body about the codes and reference books of the relevant codes;
• a specific unit (thousands or millions of rubles) with its corresponding code must be indicated as a unit of measurement.

To learn how to make a simplified balance sheet, read the article “We are preparing a balance sheet for the simplified tax system in 2017-2018” .

Results

The preparation of a balance sheet is subject to a number of rules established both for all accounting in general and specifically for the balance sheet. The balance required for submission to the Federal Tax Service is created on the prescribed form. However, some organizations have the right to draw it up in a simplified form.