Propagation of plants by stem cuttings presentation. Presentation for the lesson: Vegetative propagation of plants. Reproduction by vegetative organs

Vegetative

reproduction

plants

Vegetative propagation- formation of a new individual

carried out:

• vegetative organs
• multicellular parts of vegetative organs
• modifications of vegetative organs
• tissue culture

Vegetative propagation

Natural Artificial

Vegetative propagation of flowering plants

Reproduction by vegetative organs

Underground

in parts

Overground

in parts

Aboveground parts of shoots

Underground shoots

Leaf

Root

Leafy

cuttings

Stem cuttings

By layering

Dividing the bush

Usami

Creeping shoots

Vaccination

Relapses

tuber

Root suckers

Root cuttings

Rhizome

Onion

Root tubers

Corm

In parts

leafy

records

Reproduction method

Examples

Above ground parts:

Leaves

1.Leaf cuttings.

Aboveground parts of shoots

3 . Stem cuttings .

2.Parts of sheet

4. Layering .

5 . Dividing the bush

6 . Usami .

7. Creeping shoots

Underground parts

Root parts

8 . Root cuttings

9. Root shoots.

10. Bulbs.

11. tuber .

12 . Corm.

13 . Rhizome.

14.Vaccination

Budding (p.kidney)

Copulation (cuttings obliquely)

15 . .

Clouding (by approach)

Propagation by leaf cuttings

Leaves are planted in wet sand. After this, the leaves develop

adventitious buds and adventitious roots.

Saintpaulia

Parts of a leaf blade

Begonia

Parts of a leaf blade

Sansevieria

Stem cutting is a section of the shoot (several nodes and internodes with buds).

Black currant

Rose

Propagation by stem cuttings

Propagation by stem cuttings

Willow

Reproduction by layering

If a currant shoot is pressed to the ground, it will produce adventitious roots and shoots from lateral buds. Such a shoot is called a layer. Man propagates many by layering garden shrubs(gooseberries, red currants)

Red Ribes

Gooseberry

Reproduction by mustache

Aboveground stolons (whiskers) are short-lived creeping shoots. Their stems are thin, fragile, with very long internodes. The apical bud of the stolon, bending upward, produces a rosette of leaves that easily takes root. After the new plant takes root, the stolons are destroyed.

The popular name for these above-ground stolons is mustache.

Chlorophytum

Strawberries

Creeping shoots

Plants, growing at the tops, age and begin to die off at the base. The side shoots separate, revealing several young plants.

Swamp cranberry

Bloodroot

Dividing the bush

Dividing a bush is dividing a plant with shoots and roots longitudinally into several parts, which are then planted ( perennial herbs, peonies, wormwood, daisies, phlox, primrose)

Daisy

Violet

Relapses

Bryophyllum

Bryophyllum

Budding call one of the forms of asexual reproduction, in which a new individual is formed in the form of an outgrowth (bud) on the body of the parent individual, and then separates from it, turning into an independent organism.

Budding - graft kidney

Copulation- graft cuttings obliquely

Ablaktirovka- graft rapprochement

Propagation by tubers

Underground tubers - thickening of underground shoots (potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes). On underground tubers, the leaves are reduced to scales that fall off. In the axils of the leaves there are buds - eyes. Underground tubers usually develop on stolons - daughter shoots - from buds located at the base of the main shoot and grow horizontally. Tubers develop from the apical buds of stolons.

Potato

Jerusalem artichoke - earthen pear

Propagation by rhizomes

Rhizome - an underground shoot that performs the functions of depositing reserves nutrients, renewal and vegetative propagation, for example: lily of the valley, hoofed grass, iris, wheatgrass, nettle, horseradish, etc.

May lily of the valley

Iris

Propagation by rhizomes

• wheatgrass

Sow thistle

Wheatgrass

Propagation by rhizomes

Orchid

Reproduction corms

Gladiolus

Reproduction by root suckers

Some plants, like this aspen, can form shoots on their roots and thus reproduce.

Aspen

Propagation by root cuttings

Root cutting - This is a piece of root 15-25 cm long.

Raspberries

Dahlia

Propagation by root tubers

Sweet potato - sweet potato

To grow new plants, small pieces of living plant tissue or individual cells taken from any organ are taken. This method is expensive and time-consuming.

The meaning of vegetative propagation:

• rapid growth of plant numbers
• plant dispersal
• the formation of offspring when sexual reproduction is impossible (fires, deforestation)
• inherits characteristics of the mother's body
• the resulting organisms are quite large, therefore they have clear advantages over small and weak seedlings emerging from seeds

• for agriculture:

- quickly obtain high yields (for example, potato tubers)

- preservation of valuable varieties of cultivated plants (for example, fruit trees during grafting)

- the ability to combine useful traits of several plants in one

Basis of VR regeneration (resumption the whole organism from its parts due to cell division)

• Cell and tissue culture method (one or more cells + culture medium clone)

• Appearance large quantity identical descendants clone preservation of varietal characteristics of cultivated plants

ginseng

Reproduction method

Above ground parts:

1. Leaves

Aboveground parts of shoots

(begonia, sedum, kalanchoe, sedum, violet) or part of a leaf (sansevieria)

2 . Stem cuttings .

3. By layering .

Stem cutting - this is a segment of a shoot with several nodes, buds and adventitious roots (currant, rose, poplar, balsam, rose, grapes, tradescantia)

A cutting is a rooted side shoot separated from a plant (gooseberries, currants, jasmine)

4. Dividing the bush

5. Usami .

- a large bush is divided into parts (Division of a bush is the division of a plant with shoots and roots in the longitudinal direction into several parts, which are then planted (perennial herbs, peonies, wormwood, daisies, phlox, primrose)

Whiskers are elongated above-ground creeping short-lived shoots with long internodes and scale-like leaves, forming rosettes of leaves at the tops, rooting with the help of adventitious roots (chlorophytum, Victoria, buttercup, strawberry.)

6. Creeping shoots

(meadow tea, cranberry, tenacious, white clover) As the plant grows, it covers an increasingly larger area, sometimes displacing neighboring plants. New plants, growing at their tops, age and begin to die off at the base. The side shoots separate, and there are already several independent plants.

Underground parts

Root parts

7 . Root cuttings

A root cutting is a section of root with adventitious buds in root-sprouting plants - dandelion, raspberry, cherry, sow thistle.

8. Root suckers.

Plum, raspberry, cherry, lilac, aspen, fireweed, thistle. Some plants are able to form buds on their roots. The shoots growing from these buds are called root shoots, and the plants themselves are called root shoots.

Underground modified shoots.

9. Bulbs.

A bulb baby is an overgrown side bud that has separated from the bulb - onion, garlic, tulip, daffodil)

10. Tuber .

A tuber is an annual underground shoot of a plant with a thickened stem, often spherical in shape, and rudimentary leaves, from the axillary buds of which next year new shoots grow (potatoes, tapinambur, dahlia, sweet potato)

11 . Corm.

Found in gladiolus.

12 . Rhizome.

Wheatgrass, lily of the valley, iris, and orchid reproduce.

Kidney grafting (budding)

13. Vaccination

This is the grafting of one part of a plant onto another plant. Other name – transplantation. Plants that have difficulty forming adventitious roots (apple, pear, citrus) are propagated by grafting.

To grow new plants, small pieces of living plant tissue or individual cells taken from any organ are taken. This method is expensive and time-consuming. But why is it used? We will read about this in the textbook on the page 126. (or student message)

Methods of vegetative propagation:

Reproduction method

characteristics, examples

Above ground parts:

1. Leaves

begonia, sedum, kalanchoe, sedum, violet or part of a sansevier leaf

Aboveground parts of shoots

2 . Stem cuttings .

currant, rose, poplar, balsam, rose, grapes, tradescantia

3 . By layering .

gooseberry, currant, jasmine

4. Dividing the bush

perennial herbs, peonies, wormwood, daisies, phlox, primrose

5. Usami .

chlorophytum, victoria, buttercup, strawberry.

6. Creeping shoots

meadow tea, cranberry, tenacious, white clover

Underground parts

Root parts

7 . Root cuttings

dandelion, raspberry, cherry, sow thistle.

8. Root suckers.

plum, raspberry, cherry, lilac, aspen, fireweed, thistle.

Underground modified shoots.

9. Bulbs.

onion, garlic, tulip, narcissus

10. Tuber .

potatoes, tapinambur, dahlia, sweet potato

11 . Corm.

gladiolus

12 . Rhizome.

wheatgrass, lily of the valley, iris, orchid.

Kidney grafting (budding)

13. Vaccination

apple, pear, citrus

We will read about this in the textbook on pages 189 – 190.

1 slide

2 slide

Vegetative propagation is an increase in the number of plant individuals as a result of their development from parts of the mother plant (shoot, root)

3 slide

Reproduction by rhizomes A rhizome is an underground shoot that performs the functions of deposition of reserve nutrients, renewal and vegetative propagation, for example: lily of the valley, hoofed grass, violet, wheatgrass, etc.

4 slide

Propagation by tubers Tubers are thickened fleshy parts of the stem, consisting of one or more internodes. There are above-ground and underground. Aboveground - thickening of the main stem (kohlrabi), side shoots) Often have leaves. Aboveground tubers are a reservoir of reserve nutrients and serve for vegetative propagation; they may contain axillary buds with leaf buds, which fall and also serve for vegetative propagation (viviparous buckwheat).

5 slide

Underground tubers - thickening of underground shoots (potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes). On underground tubers, the leaves are reduced to scales that fall off. In the axils of the leaves there are buds - eyes. Underground tubers usually develop on stolons - daughter shoots - from buds located at the base of the main shoot, they look like very thin white stems bearing small colorless scale-like leaves, and grow horizontally. Tubers develop from the apical buds of stolons.

6 slide

Reproduction by whiskers Aboveground stolons (whiskers) are short-lived creeping shoots used for vegetative propagation. Found in many plants (drupe, creeping bentgrass, forest and garden strawberries). Usually they lack developed green leaves, their stems are thin, fragile, with very long internodes. The apical bud of the stolon, bending upward, produces a rosette of leaves that easily takes root. After the new plant takes root, the stolons are destroyed. The popular name for these above-ground stolons is mustache.

7 slide

Reproduction by root suckers Some plants, like this aspen, can form shoots on the roots and thus reproduce.

8 slide

Reproduction by brood buds Some liver mosses also have brood buds. They consist of 2–3 cells. In Kalanchoe, brood buds also develop on the leaves.

Slide 9

Reproduction by layering If a currant shoot is pressed to the ground, it will produce adventitious roots and shoots from lateral buds. Such a shoot is called a layer. People propagate many garden shrubs (gooseberries, currants) by layering.

10 slide

Propagation by stem cuttings A cutting is most often a piece of shoot (several nodes and internodes with buds). If you stick it into wet sand, it will take root, give adventitious roots, and develop shoots from its buds. So from one currant branch you can get several bushes.

11 slide

Propagation by leaf cuttings Some species indoor plants– begonia, Saintpaulia (Uzambara violet), lemon, propagated by leaf cuttings. Leaves are planted in wet sand. After this, adventitious buds and adventitious roots develop on the leaves.

12 slide

Propagation by root cuttings A root cutting is a piece of root 15-25 cm long. On a root cutting planted in the soil, aerial shoots develop from adventitious buds, from the bases of which adventitious roots grow. A new, independently existing plant develops. Garden raspberries, rose hips, and some varieties of apple trees and ornamental plants are propagated by root cuttings.

Slide 13

Reproduction by grafting When grafting, part of the shoot, called the scion, is not rooted, but grafted onto another plant, usually of the same or a similar species. This is an excellent way to propagate fruit trees of valuable varieties, which has existed for a long time. Nowadays, not whole plants are often propagated, but a culture of plant cells, producing whole plants from them.

Slide 14

Vaccination methods are very diverse. Whole branches and individual buds are grafted into the split of the shoot, to its cut or to a cut in the bark.

15 slide

Propagation by bulbs A bulb is an underground, less often above-ground, shoot with a very short flattened stem (bottom) and scale-like, fleshy, succulent leaves that store water and nutrients. Aboveground shoots grow from the apical and axillary buds of the bulbs, and adventitious roots form on the bottom. Bulbs are characteristic of plants from the lily family (lilies, tulips, scillas, onions) and amaryllis (amaryllis, daffodils, hyacinths). Depending on the placement of leaves, bulbs are classified into scale-like (onion, hyacinth), imbricated (lily) and prefabricated or complex (garlic). In the axil of some scales of the bulb there are buds from which daughter bulbs develop - children. Bulbs help the plant survive in unfavorable conditions and are an organ of vegetative propagation.

Slide 17

Reproduction by corms Corms are similar in appearance to bulbs, but their leaves do not serve as storage organs; they are dry, filmy, often the remains of sheaths of dead green leaves. The storage organ is the stem part of the corm, it is thickened. Characteristic of gladioli, saffron (crocus). Children (2) are formed at the end of the growing season at the base of the replacement corm (1) and are the organs of vegetative reproduction of gladioli.

18 slide

Conclusion: vegetative propagation, like seed propagation, contributes to an increase in the number of individuals and their distribution. During vegetative propagation, plants inherit the characteristics of the mother plant. This is used in agricultural practice to quickly obtain high yields (for example, potato tubers) and to preserve valuable varieties of cultivated plants (for example, fruit trees when grafted

Slide 1

Vegetative propagation of plants

Slide 2

Plant reproduction is a physiological process of reproduction of similar organisms, ensuring the continuity of the existence of the species and its distribution in the environment. Thanks to reproduction, life has existed on Earth for millions of years.
What is reproduction

Slide 3

Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual propagation in which a relatively large, usually differentiated part is separated from the plant and develops into an independent plant. Vegetative propagation can be natural or artificial.
What is vegetative propagation

Slide 4

Natural vegetative propagation occurs in nature without human intervention.
Natural vegetative propagation

Slide 5

Artificial vegetative propagation is carried out by humans and is widely used in crop production. It makes it possible to obtain a large amount of planting material, quickly increase the number of cultivated plants, and preserve varietal characteristics, since the characteristics of the mother plant are repeated in the offspring.
Artificial vegetative propagation

Slide 6

The basis of vegetative propagation is the ability of plants to restore the entire organism from a part of the body. This ability is called regeneration (from the Latin “regeneratio” - I restore).
Basis of vegetative propagation

Slide 7

As a result of vegetative propagation, a large number of identical descendants appear, which are a copy of the mother plant.
Result

Slide 8

Cuttings: stem, leaf and root; Dividing bushes; By layering; Whiskers Brood buds; Modified shoots; Live birth - "children"; Vaccination.
Methods of vegetative propagation

Slide 9

Stem cuttings are parts of a shoot with several (4-5) buds. They propagate roses, currants, grapes, geraniums...
Stem cuttings

Slide 10

Leaf cuttings are leaves or parts of them that give rise to a new plant. They propagate violets, begonias, sansevieria...
Leaf cuttings

Slide 11

Root cuttings are parts of roots with several additional buds from which new shoots of the plant originate. They reproduce raspberries, plums...
Root cuttings

Slide 12

This method of vegetative propagation is widely used in plant growing. An adult bush is divided into two or more parts. Aspidistra, chlorophytum, primrose, bluebells, cyperus, bamboos, orchids, ferns, etc. reproduce well in this way.
Dividing the bush

Slide 13

Layerings are parts of a plant that a person creates artificially by leaning several branches against the soil. Over time, they take root and new plants grow.
By layering

Slide 14

The tendrils are parts of the creeping stem that extend from the mature plant and take root at the nodes to form young plants.
Usami

Slide 15

Brood buds are not common in plants. These are small-sized formations that grow in the axils of leaves and, under certain conditions, new plants are formed from them.
Reproduction by brood buds.

Slide 16

Modified shoots are tubers, bulbs and rhizomes. With their help, a significant part of cultural and wild plants: potatoes, onions, garlic, lilies, daffodils, lily of the valley, weeds.
Modified shoots

Slide 17

In some plants, in the axils of the leaves and in the inflorescences, instead of flowers, small shoots are formed that fall off the mother plant and take root. Such plants were called viviparous because it was mistakenly believed that they germinate seeds on the mother plant. These plants are distributed mainly in polar, high mountain or steppe places where the seeds do not have time to ripen. These include, for example, steppe bluegrass, some arctic fescue, and saxifrage. Viviparous plants also include those on whose leaves “babies” appear, which then fall off and germinate, as, for example, in indoor bryophyllus.
Live birth - “children”

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Slide captions:

Vegetative propagation MBOU Secondary School No. 30, Rostov-on-Don

Lesson objectives: To study methods of vegetative propagation of plants; Complete a practical task on planting a houseplant using one of the methods of vegetative propagation.

Dictionary Vegetative reproduction is the formation of a new individual from the multicellular part of the body of the parent individual, one of the methods of asexual reproduction characteristic of multicellular organisms.

Vegetative propagation of plants

Reproduction by roots Root suckers Sea buckthorn Raspberry Aster Lily of the valley Valerian Agave Dracaena Mint

Propagation by roots Root cuttings Propagation by roots Cut into pieces by cuttings: cut off 5 cm long roots and make an oblique cut. Stick the cuttings into the soil mixture. Young plants for seedlings, sprinkle on top and transplant into pots or a layer of sand or expanded clay. drop off immediately open ground Turkish poppy, Japanese anemone, or mullein

By root tubers Reproduction by roots 4 - Thickened roots are divided into parts so that each has at least one bud. 5 - The surface of the cuts is treated with a fungicide. The material is left for a while in a dry, warm, well-ventilated place. 6 - When a protective cork layer is formed on the surface of the cuts, the cuttings are planted. Dahlias Begonias

Reproduction by stems Underground shoots Tubers Artichoke Ground pear Potatoes Water lilies Nasturtiums Yams

Reproduction by stems Underground shoots Rhizome After the plant has flowered, it is dug up and the lateral shoots are separated. Trim off the tops of long leaves. Planted so that the rhizome shoot is located directly below the soil surface. Begonia royal Iris Canna May lily of the valley Mint Ferns (some) Peony Wheatgrass creeping Sansevieria

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Slide captions:

Reproduction by stems Underground shoots Bulbs Narcissus Tulip Onion Lilies Narcissus Snowdrop

Propagation by stems Ground shoots Stem cuttings Grapes Hevea Camellia Ivy

Reproduction by stems Ground shoots “Whiskers” Gravilat creeping; Creeping tenacious; Strawberries; Cereals - some types; Saxifraga shoot; Bloodroot

Reproduction by stems Ground shoots Grafting Shield grafting Shoot grafting Plum Peach Cherry Apricot Apple tree

Propagation by leaves Leaf blade with petiole: Begonias - except royal Leaf cuttings with midrib: Gloxinia

The importance of vegetative propagation Biological significance Economic importance Plant propagation in case of damage to a significant part of the plant (fires, felling, etc.); Possibility of reproduction of flowering plants in the absence of cross-pollination factors - wind, insects. Possibility of rapid reproduction of biennial and perennial plants; The need to preserve the hereditary characteristics of the variety; Possibility of combining beneficial traits of several plants in one.

Homework § 43

Vegetative reproduction is a method of asexual reproduction in which new individuals are formed from vegetative organs, their parts or their
Vegetative propagation is a method of asexual
reproduction, in which new individuals
are formed from vegetative organs, their parts or
their modifications, as well as groups of cells.

Rhizomes

Tubers

Tubers

Usami

Brood buds

By layering

Vaccination

Graft

Graft

Bulbs

Corms

Stem cuttings

Leaf cuttings

Root cuttings

Root suckers