Presentation in English on the topic of ancient civilizations. Presentation on the topic "Ancient civilizations: Inca Empire"

UMK Biboletova, 10th grade. Theme: "Ancient Civilizations".
Goals: to activate material on the topic “Ancient Civilizations”; consolidate monologue speech skills; improve skills in completing project tasks.
Equipment: laptops (6 pieces, for each student), certificates to encourage the best work.

I. Organizational moment.
-Good day, pupils!
-Good day, teacher!
-I’m glad to see you, sit down please. Who is on duty today? Who is absent?
Ok. What is the weather like today?
- The weather is not very cold, it's shiny outside.
T: Let's start our work. Today we will discuss different ancient civilizations.

II. Project work of students. Stage of independent task completion.
At the beginning of the lesson, the teacher explains the procedure for completing the mini-project and distributes topics to students, ex. 41, p.99. If children are new to the culture of the proposed civilizations, conduct a survey among students about their knowledge of any facts that can help in composing the project work.
Read the guiding information:
1. Ancient people in Russia (support - text from exercise 5 p. 87).
2. Celtic art
“The artistic heritage of the ancient Celts cannot be called numerous, because mainly items made of precious metals, gold, silver and bronze were preserved in good condition. Many items made of wood, iron, leather and fabric disappeared. What time spared was destroyed by man: buried in haste with no hope of ever being found again, or stolen and used to decorate some lord's hall or monastery altar.Some items were stolen, broken, or divided among members of a gang of robbers as trophies; others were melted down and disappeared forever in an ingot of metal. But what has come down to us is of undeniable artistic value and sheds light on the peculiarities of the civilization of the Celts - a barbarian tribe that still largely remains a mystery to us.
Archaeologists and historians believe that Celtic art first appeared in the Middle Rhine region, later spreading to the Upper Danube and Marne (Waldalgesheim). The sphere of its distribution expanded gradually and at one particular point in time never covered the entire territory inhabited by the Celts. Thus, many masterpieces of Celtic art were made in the British Isles in the 1st century. BC. - 1st century AD, after the Celts lost control of their continental possessions. In Ireland, beyond the reach of Roman troops, it survived even after the departure of the Romans and into the 7th century. inspired an artistic revival in Northumbria.
Jan Philip identifies several styles in Celtic art: early La Tène (5th century BC), mature La Tène (Waldalgesheim) style (from the second half of the 4th century BC), plastic style and sword style (2nd century . BC), insular Celtic art" (Taken from this site
3. Ancient China
"Ancient Chinese civilization arose on the basis of Neolithic cultures that developed in the 5th-3rd millennia BC in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The Yellow River basin was the main territory for the formation of the ethnic community of the ancient Chinese, one of the centers of early world civilizations, which developed for a long time in conditions of relative isolation. Only from the middle of the 1st millennium BC did the process of expansion of the territory developed by the ancient Chinese begin. They gradually spread southward, first to the Yangtze basin area, and then further to the south. At the brink of our era, the ancient Chinese state emerged already far beyond the Yellow River basin, although the northern border of the ethnic territory of the ancient Chinese remained almost unchanged." (Taken from this site)
4. Excavations at Troy
(You can read it)

The presentation was made by Irina Goryainova, a 10th grade student at the Karmalinskaya Secondary School, Nizhnekamsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Celtic ornaments are made up of individual units. Each node is created from a single thread - the thread of life. Thus, components and ornaments symbolize the path and are simultaneously symbolic cards Way. The Celts were forbidden to improve key parts of patterns, including their data gods.

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Slide captions:

Celtic civilization was one of the vertices of the prehistory of Europe, this is the first known species of European culture. Their name "Celts" they received from the Greeks and the Romans called them Gauls . Celts - the direct descendants of the Indo-Europeans, as well as Russian and other Slavs. And where did the Indo-Europeans come from? Some researchers believe their homeland is Hyperborea - north country, some denied it, and put another hypotheses. The Celts came to Europe and settled on the islands long ago, long before Ellada was come the cradle of culture and art. In fact, the Celts marked the beginning of many tribes and cultures of Europe.

There are two versions of the Celts came from: 1) from the territory of today"s Iran, Afghanistan, northern India, and 2) from the North, with one of the islands - the cradle of Celtic civilization. Since the migration of Indo -Europeans had lasted for centuries, perhaps, both hypotheses are true. The earliest archaeological evidence associated with the Celts, dated from the beginning of the third millennium BC. From about 500 BC the Celts began to settle in Europe.

The Celts have a long and difficult road before appearing in Europe. Based on the results of excavations on the territory of Russia, they started this great way from the southern Urals. After passing through the northern Black Sea coast, they moved further to the Baltic Sea, showed up in northern France, and only then, much later spread throughout Europe.

Not only is the commitment to the past and the inflexible character of the Celts have always been distinguished from other nations. The Celts saw the world different than others. For them it was a fantastically beautiful, inhabited by incredibly fascinating creatures. Perhaps such a poetic vision of the world, they were required to druids - keepers of antiquity, priests, teachers, poets and predictors.

Druids, priests of the Celts, created a powerful organization, covering all habitat sof the Celts, and which had a huge political authority. This organization had no analogues among the religious organizations of the ancient and modern times. All of their religious ceremonies are held in the wooden groves. Druids are forbidden to write down their main teaching, that`s why we know so little about that. Mostly known for that part, which the Druids handed to the youth.

The success of the expansion of the Celts in Europe is not only due to their exceptional military virtues, but also new technologies. They brought to Europe the Iron Age and horse chariots, their weapons were more advanced, vehicles(including ships) - faster. Despite the minimum of written sources, largely abandoned by the Celts and other peoples, the Celts have left an imprint on world culture. The trouble of Celts, who moved to Europe, was that under the influence of the Druids, and they have an archaic clan-political organization and does not want to create a centralized state, for which they paid the price - they defeated the Romans.

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Slide captions:

The British archaeologist Gordon Childe worked out a theory explaining how a culture transforms into a civilization.

Gordon Childe wrote that a civilization is characterized by the invention of writing, mathematics, monumental architecture, long-distance trade, wheeled carts irrigation technology and some other features.

Like ancient Egypt in Africa, the Mayan civilization in Central America deserves a special mention. There is no other country that has so many wonders.

The Mayan civilization was formed in 2000 B.C. and existed up to 250 A.D. it is known due to its writing, mathematics and astronomy.

The Mayans built stone cities with grand pyramid temples which were densely populated.

They made a complicated system of basins and reservoirs to collect water.

Their calendars can be used even nowadays.

They were hunters, gatherers and farmers. The main crops were cereals, vegetables and fruit. They used the cotton plant to make clothing. Mayans also kept cows, pigs, goats and sheep.

Hunting and fishing allowed them to make their diet more varied.

But still they couldn’t fight against nature, so one of the reasons that caused their collapse was the intense drought.

The Mayan culture played a great role in the history of mankind. Even nowadays we can see the sight of its culture. First of all, the descendants of ancient Mayans are not only Mayans who preserved their language and some traditions but some Spanish speaking people of Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras, their calendar-system is very exact though complicated and their writing-system is unique.

The modern religion of Mayans is a mixture of Christianity with some features of ancient Mayans whose main God was the Sun.

The motto of the Incas

Ama llulla, ama suwa, ama qilla

(Don't lie, don't steal, don't be lazy)

Inca oral history mentions three possible places of origin of their people. Three caves near Pacariqtambo, Lake Titicaca, or a place known as Tambo.

There is some debate about the number of people inhabiting Tawantinsuyu at its peak, with estimates ranging from as few as 4 million people, to more than 37 million.

Language

Since the Inca Empire lacked a written language, the empire"s main form of communication and recording came from quipus, ceramics and spoken Quechua, the language the Incas imposed upon the peoples within the empire

Religion

The Inca believed in reincarnation. Death was a passage to the next world that was full of difficulties. The Incas made human sacrifices.

Diorite Inca sculpture from Amarucancha.

Deities:

Pachamama – The Goddess of earth and wife of Viracocha

Viracocha – Created all living things

Inca trade and coins

Weak development of the private exchange, trade, and the lack of any kind was the resellers - a feature of the Inca society, in contrast to the Aztecs.

In general, coins were not used in domestic trade, but in the outer shell had treatment mulu, coca leaves, clothing and copper hatchets

Progress

• In the Inca Empire had a developed transportation and irrigation networks;
• Roads;
• Mail;
• Irrigation Inca;
• Water supply (lead-free);
• Metallurgy (silver and

• Ceramics;
• Medicine (penicillin)

Essay on English language Ancient Civilizations / Ancient Civilizations with translation into Russian

Translating to Russian language. Ancient civilizations
It is known that there have been many ancient civilizations and empires throughout history. They made a great contribution to the development of science, technology, medicine and to the general prosperity of people. I think these ancient cultures are the foundation of who we are today. The Paleolithic period was the earliest stage of human development. People didn't care about many things back then. They lived a simple life: they slept, hunted and ate. But over time, people have evolved. Soon they could build structures, create clothing, survive in dangerous environments, and even use herbal medicines. People have been looking for immortality since ancient times, but could not achieve it. This was the story of the world's first epic poem, Gilgamesh. One thing that all ancient civilizations had in common was the use of symbols or hieroglyphs in writing. Many ancient cultures left inscriptions on walls, rocks or trees to convey information and thereby communicate. Even though the languages ​​they used are mostly dead, some modern cultures still use hieroglyphs. For example, the Hebrew and Arabic alphabet have ancient origins. Another interesting example is the Mayan civilization. These were representatives of the Central American region. The Mayans were famous for their fully developed written language, excellent art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. They even had an advanced calendar that was used to keep track of certain periods of time. Many ancient societies worshiped multiple idols, gods and goddesses. This is especially true of the ancient Egyptians. They built huge temples for their favorite gods, engaged in sacrifices and erected pyramids. In conclusion, I would like to add that, even though they differed from us, the cultures of ancient civilizations still used the same patterns of human behavior as modern societies.