Why you can’t destroy poisonous mushrooms. Classification of food poisoning What are poisonous plants and mushrooms for?

2 slide. The living world is rich and diverse. The useful and the poisonous are side by side in it. When walking in the forest or outside the city, you must follow safety rules - you cannot put anything in your mouth and taste it - berries, blades of grass, mushrooms.

3 slide. This mushroom is inedible, but is needed as medicine by many forest animals.

On a high thin leg

The mushroom stands near the path,

The leg is like a pipe,

There is a skirt on the pipe,

And on a red hat

White patches,

The cap is blazing,

Like a bright beacon.

The fly agaric is famous for this

Which is terribly poisonous!!!

4 slide. Pale toadstools - you should not even go close to the place where the Pale Toadstools grow. All parts of the toadstool are extremely poisonous: the cap, the stem, the membranes. Even its spores are no exception, as they are dangerous to human health. Spores can also be blown by the wind onto plants and mushrooms growing nearby. Therefore, you need to adhere to the rule - do not pick berries and mushrooms growing near this mushroom. For poisoning, it is enough to eat half or a third of the mushroom.

But the pale toadstools,

How bad girls are

They bend and contort,

They try to please...

You shouldn't mess with them -

Who wants to get poisoned!

5 slide. Plants that contain chemicals that, once ingested by a person or animal, cause poisoning are called poisonous. Poisoning can lead to severe illness and even death. For the plant itself, toxic substances are of great importance. They protect the plant from animals that could eat its stem, leaves, roots, and seeds. There are many poisonous plants. Some have roots saturated with poison, others have leaves. Some have flowers and fruits.

6 slide - 7 slide . Wolf's bast. Have you come across low bushes with flowers similar to lilacs in the forest in spring? They smell strong and cloying. But you cannot bring these flowers home and put them in water. If you smell these flowers for a long time, you will feel dizzy and feel sick. This wolf's bast is a very poisonous plant. It has red fruits similar to sea buckthorn. They are very poisonous and dangerous - you can die from them.

This shrub is called wolf because once upon a time the wolf was late for the council of animals, where the plants were given names, and therefore none of them received the name of the wolf. He was very irritated by this circumstance and, out of frustration, began to tear off the bark from the plant, and then, in order to calm this predator, this bush was called wolf's bast. And of course, for good reason. After all, the people have long known the poisonousness of wolf bast.

You should not touch the berries at all - their juice if it gets on the skin can cause pain, redness, and swelling.

Green lining,

pink hat,

The berries are ripe -

Rubies glow.

This is a plant

Demands respect.

Everyone is afraid of him -

The bees don't land

Birds don't peck berries

Moose don't chew branches

Hares do not gnaw bast.

This bush is angry and fierce.

8 slide . Aconite is a poisonous plant, especially its tubers. Our ancestors were well aware of the properties of this plant - ancient warriors rubbed the tips of their arrows with the poison of this plant.

Slide 9 Hogweed - grows in meadows, forest edges, along roads. High – up to 2.5 meters. Hogweed juice causes burns and pain. This plant should not be touched.

10 slide. Henbane - has been used to treat patients since ancient times. But in large doses it can cause terrible poisoning - especially seeds. People poisoned by henbane become violent. Hence the expression “he has eaten too much henbane,” “he has become white.”

11 slide . Datura - 1 meter high. The fruits are poisonous.

The whips are growing,

There are leaves on them,

Flowers - tubes,

White skirts,

The fruits are evil

Full of poison.

Dope will get into your mouth -

The mind will go beyond the mind.

12 slide. Wolf berries. The plant's fruits are poisonous.

Green jackets,

And there are beacons on them.

Red, treacherous

The berries are in pairs.

I'm not a sneak at all

Only wolfberry

Even if washed,

Very rich.

Slide 13 . Crow's eye - all parts of the plant are poisonous, but the fruits are especially dangerous.

Leaves - cross,

Stem - pistil,

From grass raven's eye

Evil is staring at us.

Look, even the view

These berries are poisonous.

Slide 14 May lily of the valley. All its parts are poisonous - leaves, flowers, fruits - red-orange berries.

Leaf in a shell

It rings quietly

Palely shining

String of pearls.

On an arc, on a branch -

Pearls-bells.

Tender, subtle, bitter

The flowers have a scent.

15 slide . Acrid buttercup (night blindness). Contains caustic substances that irritate the skin and mucous membranes. If you pick a bouquet of flowers and smell it, a runny nose will appear, tears will flow, it will become difficult to breathe, and if, after holding the plant, you rub your eyes with your hands, you will experience a sharp pain in the eyes, a temporary feeling of poor vision. Be sure to rinse your face with water.

Leaves, petals -

Lacquered cheeks,

Amber flowers,

Small, insidious,

They will blind and burn -

This little flower has a cool personality.

16 slide. Hemlock is one of the most poisonous plants of the Russian flora. Grows in swamps, ditches, along the banks of streams. This plant is especially poisonous in spring and early summer. Under no circumstances should you put it in your mouth.

On the bare back

Red speckles,

The leaves are feathery,

Silver flowers.

Dancing in the swamp

Waving umbrellas.

A terrible poison lurks in it,

Dangerous even for a bull.

Slide 17 Mouse peas. The seeds are poisonous.

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Slide captions:

Performed by Vasilyeva M.S. GBOU No. 296 ODO St. Petersburg 2015 To create the presentation, materials from the methodological manual “Dangerous objects, creatures, phenomena” by I.A. were used. Lykova, V.A. Shipunova, M., id. “Color World”, 2014. Dangerous and poisonous plants and mushrooms

Death cap

Poisonous plants

Wolf's Bast

Wolf bast fruits

Hogweed

Wolf berries

Crow's eye

May lily of the valley

Buttercup (night blindness)

Mouse peas

Preview:

Presentation “Dangerous and poisonous plants and mushrooms”

2 slide. The living world is rich and diverse. The useful and the poisonous are side by side in it. When walking in the forest or outside the city, you must follow safety rules - you cannot put anything in your mouth and taste it - berries, blades of grass, mushrooms.

3 slide. This mushroom is inedible, but is needed as medicine by many forest animals.

On a high thin leg

The mushroom stands near the path,

The leg is like a pipe,

There is a skirt on the pipe,

And on a red hat

White patches,

The cap is blazing,

Like a bright beacon.

The fly agaric is famous for this

Which is terribly poisonous!!!

4 slide. Pale toadstools - you should not even go close to the place where the Pale Toadstools grow. All parts of the toadstool are extremely poisonous: the cap, the stem, the membranes. Even its spores are no exception, as they are dangerous to human health. Spores can also be blown by the wind onto plants and mushrooms growing nearby. Therefore, you need to adhere to the rule - do not pick berries and mushrooms growing near this mushroom. For poisoning, it is enough to eat half or a third of the mushroom.

But the pale toadstools,

How bad girls are

They bend and contort,

They try to please...

You shouldn't mess with them -

Who wants to get poisoned!

5 slide. Plants that contain chemicals that, once ingested by a person or animal, cause poisoning are called poisonous. Poisoning can lead to severe illness and even death. For the plant itself, toxic substances are of great importance. They protect the plant from animals that could eat its stem, leaves, roots, and seeds. There are many poisonous plants. Some have roots saturated with poison, others have leaves. Some have flowers and fruits.

6 slide - 7 slide . Wolf's bast. Have you come across low bushes with flowers similar to lilacs in the forest in spring? They smell strong and cloying. But you cannot bring these flowers home and put them in water. If you smell these flowers for a long time, you will feel dizzy and feel sick. This wolf's bast is a very poisonous plant. It has red fruits similar to sea buckthorn. They are very poisonous and dangerous - you can die from them.

You should not touch the berries at all - their juice if it gets on the skin can cause pain, redness, and swelling.

Green lining,

pink hat,

The berries are ripe -

Rubies glow.

This is a plant

Demands respect.

Everyone is afraid of him -

The bees don't land

Birds don't peck berries

Moose don't chew branches

Hares do not gnaw bast.

This bush is angry and fierce.

8 slide . Aconite is a poisonous plant, especially its tubers. Our ancestors were well aware of the properties of this plant - ancient warriors rubbed the tips of their arrows with the poison of this plant.

Slide 9 Hogweed - grows in meadows, forest edges, along roads. High – up to 2.5 meters. Hogweed juice causes burns and pain. This plant should not be touched.

11 slide . Datura - 1 meter high. The fruits are poisonous.

The whips are growing,

There are leaves on them,

Flowers - tubes,

White skirts,

The fruits are evil

Full of poison.

Dope will get into your mouth -

The mind will go beyond the mind.

12 slide. Wolf berries. The plant's fruits are poisonous.

Green jackets,

And there are beacons on them.

Red, treacherous

The berries are in pairs.

I'm not a sneak at all

Only wolfberry

Even if washed,

Very rich.

Slide 13 . Crow's eye - all parts of the plant are poisonous, but the fruits are especially dangerous.

Leaves - cross,

Stem - pistil,

From grass raven's eye

Evil is staring at us.

Look, even the view

These berries are poisonous.

Slide 14 May lily of the valley. All its parts are poisonous - leaves, flowers, fruits - red-orange berries.

Leaf in a shell

It rings quietly

Palely shining

String of pearls.

On an arc, on a branch -

Pearls-bells.

Tender, subtle, bitter

The flowers have a scent.

15 slide . Acrid buttercup (night blindness). Contains caustic substances that irritate the skin and mucous membranes. If you pick a bouquet of flowers and smell it, a runny nose will appear, tears will flow, it will become difficult to breathe, and if, after holding the plant, you rub your eyes with your hands, you will experience a sharp pain in the eyes, a temporary feeling of poor vision. Be sure to rinse your face with water.

Leaves, petals -

Lacquered cheeks,

Amber flowers,

Small, insidious,

They will blind and burn -

This little flower has a cool personality.

16 slide. Hemlock is one of the most poisonous plants of the Russian flora. Grows in swamps, ditches, along the banks of streams. This plant is especially poisonous in spring and early summer. Under no circumstances should you put it in your mouth.

On the bare back

Red speckles,

The leaves are feathery,

Silver flowers.

Dancing in the swamp

Waving umbrellas.

A terrible poison lurks in it,

Dangerous even for a bull.

Slide 17 Mouse peas. The seeds are poisonous.

POISONOUS PLANTS. POISONOUS MUSHROOMS.

Life safety 5th correctional class for children with disabilities

Teacher: Koroleva Nina Viktorovna

MBOU Secondary School No. 6, Torzhok

Goals:

Introduce students to poisonous plants and mushrooms of our region.

Teach students to provide first aid in case of poisoning.

Correct students' behavior skills in nature.

Equipment: presentation “Walk in the forest”

During the classes

Class organization.

Working on new material.

Conversation with students using ICT

Teacher. In the summer, many of you relax outside the city, at the dacha, in the village, go to the sea, to the forest, to nature.

Probably all of you like to be in nature, play on the grass, swim in the river. But we must always remember how to protect ourselves from harm and not harm our health. Think about what dangers nature poses for humans?

Students: You can drown in a river; get burns and heatstroke from the sun; can be bitten by insects and snakes; You can be poisoned by poisonous mushrooms and plants.

Teacher. Poisoning from poisonous mushrooms and plants is not that rare. Why do poisonings happen?

Students: Because people, not knowing poisonous mushrooms and plants, taste them.

Teacher. The main cause of accidents is ignorance (ignorance) about the dangers that nature preserves, excessive self-confidence, and sometimes complete disregard for the simplest rules of one’s own safety when being in nature.

Poisonous plants - These are those plants that contain toxic substances that cause poisoning in humans.

Poisoning can lead to severe illness and even death.

Today we will look at poisonous plants that are common in Russia (herbarium display).

Henbane: grows in wastelands, pastures, along roads, in fields, in abandoned arable land. It blooms with yellowish-white flowers with purple veins from June to September. Along with flowering, the plant produces green boxes with lids - fruits that contain seeds. The seeds are brown-gray in color. These seeds are very similar to poppy seeds, so some guys think they are poppy seeds and are poisoned by these insidious seeds.

But henbane “warns” a person of danger: it emits an unpleasant odor, and, of course, one must remember that poppy flowers are red, not yellow.

The next poisonous flower is our favorite May lily of the valley. How many poems and songs have been written about its beauty. But they forget to talk about its toxicity.

Lily of the valley has poisonous fruits - bright red berries. Some people may mistake them for edibles, and then poisoning will occur.

Signs of poisoning: headache, tinnitus, dizziness, vomiting, intestinal upset, rare pulse, constriction of the pupils. In severe cases, seizures develop.

Crow's eye: this plant is found in the forest. Among the four large leaves there is a berry - large, black and blue. Looks like blueberries. But we must distinguish: blueberries have a lot of leaves, they are smaller, and several berries grow.

In our forests and parks there are a lot of bushes, which are also poisonous. This wolf's face or wolfberry. It blooms in early spring (April–May) before the leaves appear. The flowers are pink and fragrant. The fruits are bright red. If you eat these berries, you will experience a strong burning sensation in your mouth.

Following this, there is a sharp swelling of the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, and larynx, and breathing becomes difficult.

A person may even suffocate. The bark of this plant is also poisonous. You just have to touch the wet bark to get severe burns.

Therefore, to avoid poisoning, you must remember that:

You should not eat all the plants, many of them are poisonous.

You should only use plants that you know.

If you are in doubt whether a plant is edible or not, squeeze the juice out of it. Milky-colored juice indicates that the plant is poisonous (the exception is dandelion).

You can rub the juice of the plant on your lips or place a small piece of the leaf on the tip of your tongue. If a burning or bitter feeling appears within 4-5 minutes, this plant is not suitable for food.

Teacher. What to do if you are poisoned?

Students: We need to act quickly and decisively. You should try to induce vomiting and rinse your stomach. To do this, drink several glasses of warm water with 1-2 teaspoons of salt added to each glass.

Then induce vomiting by pressing two fingers on the root of the tongue. Repeat several times until water appears. And, of course, consult a doctor.

Physical education minute

Students perform movements along with the character on the screen

Reinforcing the material covered.

Teacher. What poisonous plants are there in our forests?

Students: May lily of the valley, henbane, wolf's bast, raven's eye.

Teacher. Why are poisonous plants dangerous?

Students: They can cause poisoning and even lead to death.

Teacher. Sveta Ivanova loves picking flowers. One day in the forest she found a whole clearing of lilies of the valley. What will she do?

Pick a bouquet;

eat berries;

takes a photo of a meadow of flowers.

Students: She can put together a bouquet and take pictures of the flowers.

Teacher. Why can't you eat berries?

Students: The berries are poisonous and can cause poisoning.

Teacher. What other dangers lie in wait in the forest?

Students: Mushrooms. If you eat poisonous mushrooms, you can get poisoned.

Teacher. Whenever the mushroom season begins, baskets and camping clothes are removed from secluded places. Doctors are also preparing for this season, since picking mushrooms is an activity that carries a certain risk. Mushrooms are very dangerous. You should not pick unfamiliar mushrooms, some of them are very poisonous. You can get poisoned and even die from them.

Who has not heard about the extreme poisonousness of the pale grebe?

The most “terrible” mushroom is death cap.

It has a greenish cap with white plates, and at the base of the stem there is a tuberous thickening and a thin white ring. If you rub the mushroom in your hands, it emits an unpleasant odor.

What kind of mushroom does the toadstool look like? (Poster “Edible and poisonous mushrooms.”)

Students: For champignon.

Teacher. The pale toadstool, masquerading either as a champignon or as a russula, no, no, and will end up with an inexperienced mushroom picker. In order not to confuse the toadstool with champignon, you need to remember:

pale toadstool, if you rub it in your hands, has the smell of raw potatoes, but champignon has no smell;

the plates of the pale toadstool are white, and those of the champignon are pink.

The next poisonous mushroom is very beautiful - the cap is red or orange with white peas. This fly agaric.

Mushrooms have been known to people since time immemorial. To date, about 100 thousand species have been studied.

There is a saying: “Every mushroom is picked up, but not every mushroom is put in the back.” Why?

Students: Mushrooms are grouped into edible and poisonous.

Teacher. Guess the riddles. Find the answer on the poster:

On the forest, on the ravine

The man is standing -

Red cap.

Students: Fly agaric.

Teacher. A mushroom picker came to an old clearing, and there was a round dance of mushrooms near the stumps. Small and large, with a dark and light cap, which look like they have an autumn tan. Mushrooms, mushrooms - a whole pantry. My eyes widen.

Students. Honey mushrooms.

Teacher. The most poisonous, deadly mushroom.

Students: Death cap.

Teacher. These mushrooms grow abundantly in pastures, meadows, gardens and fields. Very rarely - in spruce forests. The hat is white with pink plates. When broken, the flesh does not change color. Given its high nutritional value, the mushroom is grown artificially.

Students: Champignon.

Teacher. The cap is gray-yellow with a tubercle in the center. The leg is thin, without a lamellar ring. The pulp is yellow with an unpleasant earthy odor and bitter taste.

Students: False honey fungus.

Teacher. How many are there? Green mushroom, yellow mushroom, blue mushroom, green-red mushroom... The name is the same, but the flesh, like a porcini mushroom, always remains sugar-white.

Students: Russula.

Teacher. So, mushrooms are edible and poisonous. Lack of knowledge about mushrooms often leads to severe poisoning, especially among children. Mushroom poisoning is not so rare.

Example: one summer day, a five-year-old girl went with her sister to the forest to pick mushrooms. I found a mushroom in the forest and tried it. A few hours later she began vomiting and nausea.

The girl was rushed to the hospital, where she underwent gastric lavage, after which the girl felt well, and although the doctors objected, the parents took the girl home. And a few hours later there was a sharp deterioration, and soon the girl... died.

The cause of death was poisoning with toadstool.

Death cap - the most poisonous mushroom in our area. Every year, hundreds of people around the world suffer because of it. Many of them die. The high mortality rate is explained by the strong effect of the poison and its unusual properties: it does not dissolve in water, cannot be destroyed by any treatment, retains its toxicity even after 20 minutes of boiling, and is difficult to remove from the human body. One toadstool mushroom contains a lethal dose for an adult.

What are the symptoms of toadstool poisoning?

Signs of poisoning occur 6-12 hours after eating mushrooms. This is profuse salivation, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and intestinal upset. Death may occur in a day or two.

Poisoning can also occur from edible mushrooms if they are improperly prepared or poorly stored. Therefore, when picking mushrooms in the forest, you should know some rules (poster):

Be careful when picking mushrooms.

Study the external signs of edible mushrooms.

Know the signs that differentiate poisonous mushrooms from edible ones.

Do not pick mushrooms near roads or businesses.

Do not pick old or overripe mushrooms.

If in doubt, don't cut the mushroom.

Boil the mushrooms in salted water for 20-30 minutes, drain the water.

Well, if mushroom poisoning occurs, then your actions should be as follows:

Necessary:

Lesson summary.

Teacher. In this lesson, you learned the distinctive features of poisonous plants, poisonous and edible mushrooms. We learned that poisoning from poisonous mushrooms and plants can occur in very severe forms of the disease, so we must follow personal safety rules.

So, in order to avoid poisoning from poisonous mushrooms, you need to collect only those that you know well.

The health and even life of a person poisoned by mushrooms largely depends on how promptly he receives medical assistance. Remember that in case of mushroom poisoning, even if it is not serious at first glance, you must immediately consult a doctor.

Relaxation

Place flowers and mushrooms in the clearings on the board

animals, mushrooms

There are not many truly poisonous animals and plants in our republic, but you still need to be attentive and careful when going out into nature.

Do not eat unfamiliar mushrooms, berries, or plants. It is not recommended to drink raw water from springs, rivers, streams and swamps!

In nature you can find the following dangerous animals, mushrooms and plants:

PLIERS

The mite is an insect 4-5 mm long, has a flat oval brown body. Four pairs of legs are equipped with suckers and claws. Having no eyes, ticks have an excellent sense of smell and crawl to places where the smell of animals and humans persists. There are usually several times more ticks near forest paths than at a distance from them.

Not all bites from this small insect are dangerous. The most critical period is the end of April - beginning of May. Nature is waking up from hibernation. Ticks crawl out of the ground and climb onto tall grass and branches of low-growing bushes. Ticks are moisture-loving, and therefore their numbers are greatest in well-moistened places. Ticks prefer moderately shaded and moist deciduous and mixed forests with dense grass and undergrowth; there are many of them in thickets of willow trees along river banks and on forest edges.

During the winter, a lot of poison accumulates in their body. So, that first bite is the most dangerous for both animals and humans. The disease - incephalitis, caused by a tick bite, is very difficult to treat.

You can avoid contracting the infection if you follow the following rules during the period when ticks are active (from April to September inclusive):

Compliance with safety precautions:

It is not recommended to climb into impenetrable thickets of low-growing bushes (raspberries, blackberries, etc.) unless absolutely necessary.
When moving along a forest road, do not tear off branches (by this action, you shake off ticks from the main bush).
Legs must be completely covered. The best footwear for the forest is boots.
A headdress is required.
It is advisable to hide long hair under a headdress.
Every 2 - 3 hours of being in the forest, it is necessary to inspect clothing and open parts of the body (ticks spend a long time looking for a suitable place to bite). The head, neck, and folds of clothing are especially carefully examined;
After a hike in the forest, you need to check both your outerwear and underwear for ticks.
Examine the entire body.
Be sure to comb your hair with a fine comb. If you find a crawling tick, it must be burned. Ticks are very tenacious, it is impossible to crush it.

If you find a tick that has already burrowed into your skin:

Under no circumstances pull it yourself, as you can tear the body away from the head (the head can exist without the body) - in case of a tick being sucked on, you should contact the instructor accompanying the group on the route or a medical facility.

SNAKES

There are only three species of snakes in Belarus, of which only one is truly dangerous. To avoid a snake bite:

Look carefully at your feet so as not to step on the snake (the snake sees and hears poorly, so you need to walk slowly; if danger arises, the snake will crawl away, the snake never attacks first); - in tall grass, through swamps, along stone scatterings, and through dead wood, it is recommended to wear boots;
- do not sit on fallen trees, stumps, etc. without first inspecting them;
- when you see a snake better, go around it, and do not try to kill or drive it away;
- in case of a snake bite, contact the instructor accompanying the group along the route or a medical facility.

Common viper

Common copperhead

Already ordinary

The common viper is the only poisonous snake living in Belarus. About fifty cm in length. Less often - up to eighty. The external distinctive feature of the viper is the characteristic zigzag pattern on the back. The general background can be gray, brown, red, cherry red. There are also vipers colored solid brown or black. In mid-May you can see snakes with a greenish tint. These are the ones that have just molted.

Common copperhead - up to 80 cm in length. They got their name from their copper color with a reddish tint. Sometimes they have a reddish-yellow tint. Along the body, starting from the head, two lighter stripes stretch.

Snakes are usually up to 1.2 m long. Color: brown, with distinct yellow spots on the neck. Snakes can often be found in the water, as they are excellent swimmers and prefer to swim across water obstacles rather than crawl around.

POISONOUS PLANTS

It is better not to pick them unless absolutely necessary. Some plants have a specific effect that protects them from predators. When animals and humans come into contact with such plants, severe skin damage occurs; doctors call it dermatitis: redness, soreness, swelling occurs, up to the appearance of signs of a chemical burn, when blisters with liquid form on the skin. Such damage does not heal for a long time, and it is especially dangerous if the mucous membranes are affected. Therefore, when collecting and preparing herbs, try not to come into contact with such plants.

POISONOUS MUSHROOMS

In Belarus there are many mushrooms that cause acute poisoning and are highly toxic. The harmful substances they contain are resistant to heat and other treatments. Therefore, careful handling of them is extremely important.

The most poisonous mushrooms

The boletus has an orange or red cap. Below it is white and gray. When cracked, the mushroom turns a little blue.

Butterflies grow under pines and spruce trees. The underside of the hat is lemon-yellow, and the top is brownish-yellowish.

Useful and edible mushrooms are saffron milk cap, champignon, and milk mushrooms. The latter can be found in deciduous forests. This mushroom is white, the cap resembles a funnel-shaped watering can. The edges of the mushroom are curled down. Saffron milk caps are found under deciduous trees and pine. When you break the mushroom, a bright orange juice appears.

Perhaps the most common mushroom is the champignon. It grows everywhere, even near houses. It is often confused with the toadstool. Near the base of the mushroom stalk, edible specimens have pale pink or brown plates, while the toadstool has white plates.

Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms - first aid

For poisoning by any type of mushroom, there are so-called first aid instructions. The very first thing you need to do is empty your stomach of poisons. You should take a glass of boiled water, add 2 tablespoons of salt, drink and induce vomiting.

There is a special emetic root, ipecac, that causes urges within 5-15 minutes. If apomorphine is injected under the skin, vomiting will begin after a short period of time. You cannot save a child in this way and resort to these measures if the person is confused.

Potassium permanganate (popularly potassium permanganate), salt solution, soda, special solutions (reosorbilact, reambirin) help flush out poisons from the body. If there is no diarrhea, then you need to take laxative or do an enema. You need to take activated carbon or any silicon-based adsorbent inside. In cases of severe poisoning, consume up to 100 charcoal tablets with a small amount of water.

If there is pain in the gastrointestinal tract, you should take no-shpa. A warm heating pad on your feet slows down the absorption of toxins into the blood. If poisoning occurs, drink plenty of fluids (preferably water with lemon).

It is imperative to call an ambulance, even if the person feels better. Mushrooms are contraindicated for children under 6 years of age. In the hospital, to improve the condition, the doctor will prescribe gastric lavage, enema, Neohemodesis, Gluconeodesis and adsorbents. Don't risk your health!

Poisonous plants

Many plants accumulate various poisons in their fibers, which can even be beneficial in small doses. For example, 100 g of dry grains of wheat, rye and oats contain from 0.5 to 1.1 mg of hydrocyanic acid. It is one of the most powerful poisons found in plants. Hydrocyanic acid is also found in the seeds of apricots, cherries, sweet cherries, and bitter almonds. Therefore, you should not eat them raw, especially in large quantities. But during heat treatment, as well as when preparing compotes and jams with large amounts of sugar, hydrocyanic acid is neutralized. I’m not going to put forward scientific theories and argue with everyone, you can eat almost everything, the main thing is to know when to stop and be able to cook it. Some say that compote with apricot kernels is deadly, others say that they eat half a kilo of apricot seeds a day and feel great, and still others even attribute healing properties to the kernels that eliminate cancer.

Mercury compounds are also found in plants in a free state. It is very dangerous for living organisms, but its small dose activates the vital activity of plants, animals and humans, and has a good effect on the restoration of depleted soil. A person daily absorbs 0.02-0.05 mg of mercury from food. The main amount of mercury we absorb in the summer comes from garden lettuce, which contains the most mercury. And the least amount of it is in onions. Tuna is also known for its high mercury content. But you don’t need to focus on this, even if you eat three kilograms of tuna a day while snacking on an armful of fresh salad from the garden, you won’t die from mercury poisoning, but rather from indigestion...

Toxic substances can accumulate in various parts of plants. In poisonous wech and blue aconite, they accumulate mainly in the rhizomes. And even in the smallest doses - from 0.003-0.004 g - they can be fatal to the human body.

Spotted hemlock has very poisonous fruits (there are opinions that Socrates died after taking a drink with the juice of this particular plant). It is enough not even to try them, but only to be slightly injured by them, to cause paralysis, often ending in death.

Very dangerous berries ripen on the branches of belladonna - an unusually beautiful and attractive plant. Translated from Italian, the word "belladonna" means "beautiful woman." But these berries contain three powerful poisons - atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Those who try them will face a slow and painful death.

Incredibly poisonous seeds ripen from colchicine autumn crocus. They contain colchicine, a nerve poison. Once in the body of a person or animal, it instantly causes loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest.

It is impossible to describe all poisonous plants in one article, there are too many of them, by the way, this includes the raven's eye with lily of the valley, and potato flowers. It’s easier to remember the main ones found in a given area, and also remember those that can be eaten (plantain root, cattail root).

Poisonous mushrooms

Among the large number of mushrooms that are widespread on the globe in all natural zones: from the Arctic tundra to deserts, mountains and tropical forests, there are quite a lot of poisonous or conditionally edible ones. In many countries, all types of mushrooms are considered inedible and are not eaten.

Many mushrooms have their own inedible or poisonous counterparts, so before you eat this or that mushroom, you need to be absolutely sure that it is real and not false. This comes with practice, and therefore there is no point in experimenting. However, there are several ways to determine the toxicity or inedibility of a particular mushroom.

You should not collect:

Pink-plate mushrooms,
- mushrooms with caustic milky juice,
- pale toadstools, fly agarics,
- mushrooms with long thin stalks (although some of them are edible, but it’s better not to risk it),
- mushrooms that have a fringe on the stem.

The so-called satanic mushroom, which looks very similar to white in appearance, but turns blue or green when cut, is also inedible. Its leg is somewhat inflated in the middle and narrowed towards the end (sometimes tuberous at the bottom).

Most of the toxic substances in mushrooms are not destroyed by hot processing or soaking. This does not apply to such spring mushrooms as morels, which, although they contain a deadly poisonous substance - helvelic acid, but when the mushrooms are boiled for a long time (at least 20-30 minutes), it turns into a decoction, which must be drained, the mushrooms are then washed and boil again.

A morel-like mushroom with a shapeless, velvety folded cap and a small stem is a stitch. In addition to helvelic acid, it contains many other dangerous poisons, the same as in the toadstool. Poisoning occurs 8-10 hours after consumption in the form of severe pain in the epigastric region and severe vomiting.

The most poisonous mushroom found on the planet is the toadstool. The indigenous people of North America, the Indians, called it the “cup of death.” There are three types of pallid grebe:

White - with an unpleasant pungent odor (popularly called the stinking fly agaric);
- yellow - with a yellowish cap (most often found in heather thickets in the forests and mountains of Europe, North America and Australia);
- green (with a greenish cap), the most poisonous, can be confused with some types of russula.

Young pale toadstools are very similar to russula, umbrella mushroom and champignons. Poisoning with toadstool occurs from the action of three poisons: amanitin, falloindin and falloin, which are not destroyed by any methods of preparation and begin to act after a fairly long period after eating the mushroom (from 10 to 40 hours). For poisoning, it is enough to eat only a quarter of the mushroom cap, which will most likely lead to death.

Fly agaric mushrooms are slightly less dangerous. But with repeated and prolonged cooking, they lose their toxic properties. It's just very stupid to do this. Firstly, this is still a risk, and secondly, even if you are dying of hunger, mushrooms are not the best food option; in fact, they are useless and heavy, poorly digestible food. Although very beloved by many, including me, of course I’m not talking about fly agaric mushrooms, but about porcini mushrooms and boletus mushrooms). Amanita mushrooms are also distributed throughout the world and are easily distinguished from other mushrooms by the color of their cap. Fly agaric will be useful for those who experience joint and muscle pain in the form of an alcohol tincture for lotions. It’s very simple to prepare, cut fly agarics into large pieces and fill with vodka, seal tightly and place in a dark place for 1 month. then you can use it.

Thus, food poisoning and poisoning by various wild plants and mushrooms, accompanied by digestive disorders, are quite dangerous in conditions of autonomous existence.

This is due to the fact that in an extreme situation a person often eats an unfamiliar poisonous fruit not because he wants to eat, but because he is hungry and has nothing to drink. But it’s more difficult when forest products become the only dish in the daily diet.

Hunger makes one forget about caution, and an exhausted person pounces on unfamiliar, but seemingly edible fruits and greedily consumes them in large quantities. Do not do that! The more poisonous fruits you eat, the more serious the degree of poisoning will be.

But you can also be poisoned by animal poisons. Such poisonings are primarily associated with eating poor-quality animal products, such as fish, insects and reptiles that have been left in the sun for a long time or poisonous ones.

Signs of poisoning depend mainly on the poison that caused it. Some poisons cause nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and heart weakness, while others cause convulsions and agitation. With some poisonings, unconsciousness occurs quite quickly.

First aid for food poisoning

At the first signs of poisoning, it is necessary to rinse the stomach using one of the available methods. Most often this is the so-called “restaurant method”. The poisoned person drinks 2-3 liters of cold water (cold water causes spasm of the stomach vessels, which slows down absorption), then vomiting is induced by pressing on the root of the tongue.

The procedure should be repeated 2-3 times. After this, the victim must be given some kind of astringent or enveloping agent (a decoction of oak bark, a weak solution of potassium permanganate, starch water, etc.). After vomiting and diarrhea stop, you should fast for 1-2 days.

It should be remembered that loose stools and abdominal pain can be symptoms of various diseases, including dysentery and cholera. It is impossible to treat them without medications, but methods of prevention are known to almost everyone: personal hygiene, drinking only boiled water, all products must be subjected to heat treatment.

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Why you can’t destroy poisonous mushrooms.

Many people, when they come across poisonous mushrooms while in the forest, kick them with their feet and try to trample and crush them. In their opinion, if a mushroom is inedible, then it must be destroyed. However, few of them think about whether this is necessary.

Honey mushrooms, chanterelles, boletus mushrooms, etc. are another matter. These are very tasty and healthy mushrooms, which is why people try to collect them in such a way as not to damage the mycelium, otherwise it will die and mushrooms will no longer grow in this place. But next year you will also want to come to the forest and pick a basket of fragrant mushrooms. And toadstools and fly agarics - who needs them? Why save them?

But in fact, poisonous mushrooms, which grow not only in forests, but are often found in city parks, are absolutely harmless, unless of course you eat them; moreover, they bring certain benefits. Like all living organisms, poisonous mushrooms are an important part of nature. By interacting with animals and plants, they play a significant role in the life of the forest and nature in general.

People have also learned for a very long time to benefit from poisonous mushrooms. In France, for example, a sleeping pill is prepared from the same fly agaric. And in Alaska, Kamchatka and Chukotka they have resorted to the services of this mushroom since ancient times, and continue to use various fly agaric tinctures to this day to treat many diseases. Modern medicine also uses drugs based on poisonous mushrooms. For example, the well-known penicillin, which saved the lives of millions of people, was obtained from the penicillium mushroom, from which it took its name.

There is nothing superfluous in nature. We should not forget that we, people, are not the only inhabitants of the Earth, and not everything on the planet was created only for our benefit and benefit. After all, you don’t kill hedgehogs or sparrows just because they are not suitable for your food? Each living creature, each plant performs its intended function. And to destroy even one species means upsetting the natural balance. And sooner or later this will harm a person.

Surprisingly, scientists have not yet come to a consensus: which kingdom should mushrooms belong to - animals or plants? These living organisms still remain the most mysterious and unexplored of all representatives of living nature. But in any case, even poisonous mushrooms have the right to life, regardless of whether someone likes it or not, and under no circumstances should they be destroyed.