Muscles of the eminence of the thumb. Abductor pollicis longus muscle Excerpt characterizing the Abductor pollicis longus muscle
pollicis longus. Extensor pollicis brevis, m. extensor
pollicis brevis.Begin near the posterior surface of the radius, inter-
bony membrane and partly from the ulna. The first muscle is located above the second.
Both muscles run distally, emerging from under the radial edge of the common extensor muscle.
fingers and, passing under the retinaculum extensorum, go to the big toe
tsu, where the tendon m. abductor pollicis longus is attached to the base of the 1st
metacarpal bone, and the tendon m. extensor pollicis brevis - to the base of the proxy -
small phalanx of the thumb. Function: m. abductor pollicis longus
the thumb and produces radial abduction of the hand; m. extensor pollicis brevis
extends the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
18. Extensor pollicis longus, m. Extensor pollicis
longus.Origin of muscle: from the middle third of the posterior surface of the ulna.
Muscle attachment: to the base of the second phalanx. Function: unbends pain
Thy finger.
19. Extensor index finger, m. extensor indicis.The beginning of the mouse
tsy: from the distal third of the ulna. Muscle attachment: to the tendon
common extensor. Function: extends the index finger.
MUSCLES OF THE HAND
In addition to the tendons of the muscles of the forearm, passing on the dorsum and palmar
sides of the hand, the latter also has its own short muscles,
starting and ending in this section of the upper limb. Muscles
brushes are divided into three groups. Two of them are located along the radial and local
to the edges of the palm, form the eminence of the thumb (thenar) and little finger
tsa (hypothenar). The third (middle) group lies in the palmar cavity (palma
Muscles of the eminence of the thumb.
1. Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, m. Abductor
pollicis brevis. Lies superficially in relation to the others, next to the long
the abductor pollicis muscle. Function: takes away a large pa-
2. Flexor pollicis brevis, m. flexor pollicis brevis. Le-
lives more medially than the previous one and has two heads: superficial and deep,
between which passes the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
brushes Function: flexes the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
3. Muscle opposing the thumb, m. Opponens
pollicis. Lies under the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. Function
tion: produces opposition of the thumb.
4. Muscle adductor pollicis, m. adductor pollicis. Le-
lives in the depths of the palm distal to the previous ones. Function: leads big
Muscles of the eminence of the little finger.
5. Palmaris brevis, m. palmaris brevis.Origin of muscle: from
ulnar edge of the palmar aponeurosis; ends in the skin on the edge of the elbow
palms. Function: stretches the palmar aponeurosis.
6. Muscle that abducts the little finger, m. abductor digiti minimi. Lies on-
superficially along the ulnar edge of the hypothenar. Function: abducts, bends and straightens
the little finger dies.
7. Short flexor of the little finger, m. flexor digiti minimi brevis. lies
along the radial edge of the previous muscle. Function: flexes the proximal
Adductor pollicis muscle;
Abductor pollicis brevis;
Flexor pollicis brevis;
Extensor of the little finger.
Extensor carpi ulnaris.
Extensor fingers.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
Extensor carpi radialis longus.
Flexor carpi radialis.
Pronator teres.
Muscles of the free upper limb.
Muscles of the shoulder girdle.
Muscles of the shoulder girdle are located around the shoulder joint and provide it with a full range of motion (with the participation of some muscles of the chest and back). All 6 muscles of this group begin on the bones of the shoulder girdle and attach to the humerus.
1) Deltoid. The front part of the muscle flexes the shoulder, the middle part abducts it, and the back part extends the shoulder.
2) Supraspinatus muscle. Abducts the shoulder, being a synergist of the middle bundles of the deltoid muscle.
3) Infraspinatus muscle. Rotates the shoulder outward.
4) Teres minor muscle. Synergist of the infraspinatus muscle, i.e. rotates the shoulder outward.
5) Teres major muscle. Pulls the shoulder downward and backward, while simultaneously rotating it inward.
6) Subscapularis muscle. Synergist of the teres major muscle and the latissimus dorsi: the raised arm is lowered, the lowered arm is rotated inward.
The muscles of the free upper limb are divided into:
Shoulder muscles;
Forearm muscles;
Muscles of the hand.
1). Shoulder muscles are divided into:
1. anterior group - flexor muscles and
2. posterior group - extensor muscles.
Front group make up 3 muscles.
1) Biceps brachii(biceps) has two heads: long and short.
2) Coracobrachialis muscle
3) Brachialis muscle lies under the biceps muscle.
Posterior group The shoulder muscles make up 2 muscles.
1) Triceps brachii (triceps) occupies the entire back surface of the shoulder along its entire length. Has 3 heads.
2) Elbow muscle small. Participates in extension of the forearm.
2). Forearm muscles are numerous and have a variety of functions.
According to their position they are divided into:
1. anterior group - flexors and
2. posterior group - extensors.
Front group divided into 2 layers: superficial and deep.
Surface layer includes 6 muscles.
1) Brachioradialis muscle.
4) Palmaris longus muscle participates in flexion of the hand.
5) Superficial flexor digitorum.
6) Flexor carpi ulnaris.
Posterior group The muscles of the forearm are divided into 2 layers - superficial and deep.
Function:
Extend the hand and fingers;
Rotate the forearm outward (supinate it);
Extend the forearm together with the shoulder muscles.
Surface layer includes 5 muscles.
3). Muscles of the hand located mainly on the palmar side. They are divided into 3 groups: lateral, middle and medial.
Lateral group- muscles of the eminence of the thumb (thenar) | includes 4 short muscles:
Medial group- the muscles of the eminence of the little finger (hypotenar) also includes 4 short muscles.
Abductor pollicis longus muscle, m. abductor pollicis longus, has a flattened bipinnate abdomen, turning into a thin long tendon. The muscle lies in the distal half of the dorsolateral surface of the forearm. Its initial part is covered by m. extensor carpi radialis brevis and m. extensor digitorum, and the lower one is located under the fascia of the forearm and skin.
The muscle originates from the posterior surface of the radius and ulna and from the interosseous membrane of the forearm, moving obliquely downwards, bends around the radius with its tendon and, passing under the extensor retinaculum, attaches to the base of the first metacarpal bone.
Function: abducts the thumb, taking part in the abduction of the entire hand.
Innervation: n. radialis.
Blood supply: a. interossea posterior, a. radialis.
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a. interossea posterior, a. radialis
n. radialis (C VI -C VIII)
abducts the thumb
Abductor pollicis longus muscle (lat. Musculus abductor pollicis longus ) - muscle of the forearm of the posterior group.
The muscle has a flattened bipinnate belly, which turns into a thin long tendon. It lies in the distal half of the dorsolateral surface of the forearm. The initial part of the muscle is covered extensor carpi radialis brevis And extensor digitorum, and the lower one is located under the fascia of the forearm and skin.
The muscle starts from the back surface ray And ulna and from the interosseous septum of the forearm, going obliquely downwards, bends around with its tendon radius and, passing under the extensor retinaculum, attaches to the base of I metacarpal bone.
Function
Abducts the thumb and hand.
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An excerpt characterizing the abductor pollicis longus muscle
Princess Marya, lowering her head, left the circle and went into the house. Having repeated the order to Drona that there should be horses for departure tomorrow, she went to her room and was left alone with her thoughts.For a long time that night, Princess Marya sat at the open window in her room, listening to the sounds of men talking coming from the village, but she did not think about them. She felt that no matter how much she thought about them, she could not understand them. She kept thinking about one thing - about her grief, which now, after the break caused by worries about the present, had already become past for her. She could now remember, she could cry and she could pray. As the sun set, the wind died down. The night was quiet and fresh. At twelve o'clock the voices began to fade, the rooster crowed, the full moon began to emerge from behind the linden trees, a fresh, white mist of dew rose, and silence reigned over the village and over the house.
One after another, pictures of the close past appeared to her - illness and her father’s last minutes. And with sad joy she now dwelled on these images, driving away from herself with horror only one last image of his death, which - she felt - she was unable to contemplate even in her imagination at this quiet and mysterious hour of the night. And these pictures appeared to her with such clarity and with such detail that they seemed to her now like reality, now the past, now the future.
Then she vividly imagined that moment when he had a stroke and was dragged out of the garden in the Bald Mountains by the arms and he muttered something with an impotent tongue, twitched his gray eyebrows and looked at her restlessly and timidly.
“Even then he wanted to tell me what he told me on the day of his death,” she thought. “He always meant what he told me.” And so she remembered in all its details that night in Bald Mountains on the eve of the blow that happened to him, when Princess Marya, sensing trouble, remained with him against his will. She did not sleep and at night she tiptoed downstairs and, going up to the door to the flower shop where her father spent the night that night, listened to his voice. He said something to Tikhon in an exhausted, tired voice. He obviously wanted to talk. “And why didn’t he call me? Why didn’t he allow me to be here in Tikhon’s place? - Princess Marya thought then and now. “He will never tell anyone now everything that was in his soul.” This moment will never return for him and for me, when he would say everything he wanted to say, and I, and not Tikhon, would listen and understand him. Why didn’t I enter the room then? - she thought. “Maybe he would have told me then what he said on the day of his death.” Even then, in a conversation with Tikhon, he asked about me twice. He wanted to see me, but I stood here, outside the door. He was sad, it was hard to talk to Tikhon, who did not understand him. I remember how he spoke to him about Lisa, as if she were alive - he forgot that she died, and Tikhon reminded him that she was no longer there, and he shouted: “Fool.” It was hard for him. I heard from behind the door how he lay down on the bed, groaning, and shouted loudly: “My God! Why didn’t I get up then?” What would he do to me? What would I have to lose? And maybe then he would have been consoled, he would have said this word to me.” And Princess Marya said out loud the kind word that he said to her on the day of his death. “Darling! - Princess Marya repeated this word and began to sob with tears that relieved her soul. She now saw his face in front of her. And not the face that she had known since she could remember, and which she had always seen from afar; and that face is timid and weak, which on the last day, bending down to his mouth to hear what he said, she examined up close for the first time with all its wrinkles and details.
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