Brief description of historical figures Yuri Ingvarevich. The story of the destruction of Ryazan by the Baty. The battle between Yuri Ingvarevich and Batu
INGVAR INGVAREVICH
Ingvar Ingvarevich - Prince of Ryazan, son of I. Igorevich, known only from some legends; during Batu's invasion of Ryazan land in 1237, he was saved from death thanks to an accident. One of the nephews was sent by Prince Yuri Igorevich of Ryazan for help against the Tatars to Vladimir, and the other, Ingvar, to Chernigov, from where he returned after the Tatars had left for Moscow. His brother Oleg the Red was taken prisoner by the Tatars, so Ingvar remained the only representative of the family of Ryazan princes (about Eustathius Konstantinovich, the rogue prince, news begins only in 1260, when he was in Lithuania). The first task of the new prince was to find and bury the bodies of killed relatives and those who generally fell from the Tatar sword, cleanse the city of corpses, repair and consecrate churches, etc. He could not even think about fighting the Tatars. From the fact that in 1252 in Ryazan we already see his brother Oleg, we must conclude that Ingvar died, if not in 1252, then around this time. He left no offspring. Most historians either do not recognize this prince, or consider him to be one person with his father. - See Collection of the 16th century in the “Provisional Imperial Society of History and Antiquities” ¦ 15 and “Ryazan Monuments”; Ilovaisky "History of the Ryazan Principality"; Copy "Great and appanage princes" (II, 568 - 672). A.E.
Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012
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GEORGE (YURI) IGOREVICH - Prince of Ryazan, son of the Ryazan Prince Igor Glebovich († 1195).
Information about the Murom-Ryazan princes is scanty, since the local chronicle has been preserved extremely fragmentarily. Additional complications are introduced by the genealogical confusion characteristic of the Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu, which serves as one of the main sources of information about the death of Grigory Igorevich. The story is an integral part of the Tales of Nikola Zarazsky (Zaraisky) and, according to the generally accepted opinion until recently of D.S. Likhachev, probably developed in the 14th century, although it dates back to the stories of the 13th century. However, in Lately B.M. Kloss, developing the point of view of A. Poppe, tried to prove that the entire complex of Tales of Nikola Zarazsky was compiled in 1560 on the basis of the Moscow chronicle of 1479.
For the first time, Grigory Igorevich is mentioned in the chronicle in 1207: on September 22, the Grand Duke of Vladimir-Suzdal Vsevolod (Dimitri) Yuryevich “commanded to confiscate” and imprison in Vladimir Grigory Igorevich with his older brother Ingvar and several other Ryazan princes on charges (whose justice is under question) in collusion with the Chernigov princes. The Ryazan princes were released in 1212, after the death of Vsevolod. It is unknown exactly what inheritance in the Ryazan principality Grigory Igorevich owned before and after his captivity. Following the straightened genealogy given in the list of Ryazan princes in the appendix to the Resurrection Chronicle (PSRL. T. 7. P. 243), Yuri of Ryazan, who appears in 1207, is sometimes separated in historiography from Yuri, who died in 1237, considering the first brother, and the second son of Ingvar Igorevich (see, for example: Rapov O.M. Princely possessions in Rus' in the X - 1st half of the XIII centuries M., 1977. P. 127, 132-133). However, the fact that Grigory Igorevich was not named in connection with the tragic events for the Ryazan princes on July 20, 1217, when six of them were treacherously killed in Isady near Ryazan by his own brother Prince Gleb Vladimirovich, cannot serve as a basis for the assumption that by this time Grigory Igorevich was no longer alive. Indeed, in the story of the Novgorod First Chronicle about the invasion of the Mongol-Tatars on the Murom-Ryazan land, which best reflected the historical basis of the Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan, the Ryazan prince is directly called “Yury, Ingvorov’s brother” (NPL. P. 74).
After the death of Ingvar Igorevich, which was not noted in the chronicles, but in V.N. Tatishchev is attributed to 1235 (Tatishchev V.N. Russian History. M., 1964. T. 3. P. 230; there is nothing to verify the authenticity of this date), Grigory Igorevich remained the eldest among the Ryazan princes, under whose hand in 1237 his nephews, noble princes Oleg (Cosma) and Roman Ingvarevich. (Probably, it was Grigory Igorevich who is meant in the charter of the Ryazan Grand Duke Oleg Ioannovich (1350-1402) (AI. T. 1. No. 2), in which “Prince Yurya” is named among the builders of the Assumption Cathedral in Ryazan along with Ingvar Igorevich and Oleg Ingvarevich, who occupied the Ryazan table until 1258) When at the end of 1237 the Mongol-Tatars approached the borders of the Ryazan principality, Grigory Igorevich refused to obey Batu’s demand to give “a tithe in everything”, at the same time sending an embassy to the Vladimir-Suzdal prince St. George (To Yuri) Vsevolodovich with a request for help. The story of these events, which was Ryazan in origin and included in the Novgorod chronicle, blames Georgy Vsevolodovich for not heeding the requests of the Ryazan princes. However, from the story itself it is clear that the Suzdal troops under the leadership of the noble prince Vsevolod (Dimitri) Georgievich and the governor Eremey nevertheless set out, but were late and, together with the troops of Roman Ingvarevich, were defeated by the Mongol-Tatars under the walls of Kolomna.
A cross installed on the ramparts of the Ryazan Station fortification in memory of the defenders of the city. Photo. 2005 year.
On December 16, 1237, Grigory Igorevich was besieged in Ryazan; on December 21, the city fell. During the defeat of the capital of the principality, Grigory Igorevich with his wife and mother also died, and only the Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan tells about the latter (the blessed Princess Agrippina). The story introduces the story of last days Grigory Igorevich provided a number of details: an admonition to the brothers (necessarily: nephews) that it is better “to drink the cup of death for the holy churches of God and for the Christian faith”, “than to live in the filthy will”; prayer in the Assumption Cathedral in front of the icons of the Most Holy Theotokos, St. Nicholas and Saints Boris and Gleb; blessing from the bishop. Not all of these details can be considered reliable, since according to chronicle sources it is known, for example, that the Ryazan bishop was not in the city during the siege. According to the Tale, the bodies of Grigory Igorevich, his wife and other dead Ryazan princes were buried in Ryazan by the returning prince Ingvar Ingvarevich, whom the invasion found in the Chernigov land; however, such a prince is not attested by other sources. Also unique is the message of the Tale that Grigory Igorevich had a son - the noble prince Feodor Georgievich, who reigned in Zaraysk. He suffered martyrdom at Batu's headquarters, where he was sent by his father for negotiations. However, as V.A. showed. Kuchkin, Zaraysk as a city appeared only in 1527-1531; previously it was a village with a church in the name of St. Nicholas.
In memory of the Ryazan people who defended the city in 1237, a white stone cross was erected on the ramparts of the Ryazan Station fortification in 1997. In 2005, at the foot of the ramparts on the banks of the Oka, in memory of those killed in 1237, a wooden crucifix and a memorial granite slab were installed.
Anonymous
THE TALE OF THE RUIN OF RYAZAN BY BATY
Per year 6745 (1237). In the twelfth year after the transfer of the miraculous image from Korsun, the godless Tsar Batu came to the Russian land with many Tatar warriors and stood on the river in Voronezh near the land of Ryazan. And he sent word-of-mouth to Ryazan to Grand Duke Yuri Ingvarevich of Ryazan, demanding from him a tenth share in everything: in princes, in all sorts of people, and in the rest. And Grand Duke Yuri Ingvarevich Ryazansky heard about the invasion of the godless Tsar Batu and immediately sent to the city of Vladimir to the faithful Grand Duke Georgy Vsevolodovich of Vladimir, asking him for help against the godless Tsar Batu or to go against him himself. Grand Duke Georgy Vsevolodovich Vladimirsky did not go himself and did not send help, planning to fight Batu alone. And the Grand Duke (Yuri Ingvarevich) of Ryazan heard that there was no help for him from the Grand Duke Georgy Vsevolodovich of Vladimir, and immediately sent for his brothers: for Prince Davyd Ingvarevich of Murom, and for Prince Gleb Ingvarevich Kolomensky, and for Prince Oleg the Red, and for Vsevolod Pronsky, and for other princes. And they began to hold advice on how to satisfy the wicked with gifts. And he sent his son, Prince Fyodor Yuryevich of Ryazan, to the godless Tsar Batu with great gifts and prayers so that he would not go to war on the Ryazan land. And Prince Fyodor Yuryevich came to the river in Voronezh to Tsar Batu, and brought him gifts, and prayed to the Tsar not to fight the Ryazan land. The godless, deceitful and merciless Tsar Batu accepted the gifts and in his lies feignedly promised not to go to war on the Ryazan land, but only boasted and threatened to make war on the entire Russian land. And he began to ask the princes of Ryazan for daughters and sisters to come to his bed. And one of the nobles of Ryazan, out of envy, reported to the godless Tsar Batu that Prince Fyodor Yuryevich of Ryazan had a princess from the royal family and that she was the most beautiful of all with her body. Tsar Batu was cunning and unmerciful, in his unbelief he became inflamed with his lust and said to Prince Fyodor Yuryevich: “Let me, prince, taste the beauty of your wife.” The noble Prince Fyodor Yuryevich Ryazansky laughed and answered the Tsar: “It is not right for us Christians to bring our wives to you, the wicked Tsar, for fornication. When you defeat us, then you will own our wives.” The godless Tsar Batu was offended and enraged and immediately ordered the death of the faithful Prince Fyodor Yuryevich, and ordered his body to be thrown to be torn to pieces by animals and birds, and he killed other princes and the best warriors.
And one of the mentors of Prince Fyodor Yuryevich, named Aponitsa, took refuge and wept bitterly, looking at the glorious body of his honest master. And seeing that no one was guarding him, he took his beloved sovereign and buried him secretly. And he hurried to the faithful princess Eupraxia and told her how the wicked Tsar Batu killed the faithful prince Fyodor Yuryevich.
The blessed princess Eupraxia was standing at that time in her lofty mansion and holding her beloved child, Prince Ivan Fedorovich, and when she heard the deadly words, filled with grief, she rushed from her lofty mansion with her son Prince Ivan straight to the ground and crashed to death . And Grand Duke Yuri Ingvarevich heard about the murder by the godless king of his beloved son, Prince Fedor, and many princes, and the best people and began to cry about them with the Grand Duchess and with the other princesses and with his brethren. And the whole city cried for a long time. And as soon as the prince had rested from that great crying and sobbing, he began to gather his army and arrange his regiments. And the great prince Yuri Ingvarevich saw his brethren, and his boyars, and the commander, bravely and fearlessly galloping, raised his hands to the sky and said with tears: “Deliver us, God, from our enemies, and free us from those who rise against us, and hide us from the congregation of the wicked and from the multitude of workers of iniquity. May their path be dark and slippery.” And he said to his brethren: “O my lords and brethren! If we have accepted good from the hands of God, will we not also tolerate evil? It is better for us to gain eternal glory by death than to be in the power of the filthy. May I, your brother, drink the cup of death for the saints before you God's churches, and for the Christian faith, and for the fatherland of our father, Grand Duke Ingvar Svyatoslavich.” And he went to the Church of the Assumption of the Most Holy Lady Theotokos, and cried a lot before the image of the Most Pure One, and prayed to the great wonderworker Nikola and his relatives Boris and Gleb. And he gave his last kiss to Grand Duchess Agrippina Rostislavovna and accepted the blessing from the bishop and all the clergy. And he went against the wicked Tsar Batu, and they met him near the borders of Ryazan, and attacked him, and began to fight him firmly and courageously, and the slaughter was evil and terrible. Many strong Batyev regiments fell. And Tsar Batu saw that the Ryazan force was fighting hard and courageously, and he was afraid. But who can stand against the wrath of God! Batu’s forces were great and insurmountable; one Ryazan man fought with a thousand, and two – with ten thousand. And the great prince saw the murder of his brother, Prince Davyd Ingvarevich, and exclaimed in the grief of his soul: “Oh, my dear brothers! Prince Davyd, our brother, drank the cup before us, but won’t we drink this cup!” And they moved from horse to horse and began to fight stubbornly; The Batyevs drove through many strong regiments, fighting bravely and courageously, so that all the Tatar regiments marveled at the strength and courage of the Ryazan army. And they were barely defeated by the strong Tatar regiments. The noble Grand Duke Yuri Ingvarevich, his brother Prince Davyd Ingvarevich of Murom, his brother Prince Gleb Ingvarevich Kolomensky, their brother Vsevolod Pronsky and many local princes and strong governors and troops were killed: the daredevils and frolics of Ryazan. They died anyway and drank the same cup of death. Not one of them turned back, but they all fell dead together. God caused all this sin for our sakes.
And Prince Oleg Ingvarevich was captured barely alive. The king, seeing many of his regiments beaten, began to grieve greatly and be horrified, seeing many of his Tatar troops killed. And he began to fight the Ryazan land, ordering to kill, chop and burn without mercy. He destroyed the city of Pronsk, the city of Bel, and Izheslavets to the ground and beat all the people without mercy. And Christian blood flowed like a strong river, sin for our sake.
And Tsar Batu saw Oleg Ingvarevich, so handsome and brave, exhausted from serious wounds, and wanted to heal him from those wounds and win him over to his faith. But Prince Oleg Ingvarevich reproached Tsar Batu and called him godless and an enemy of Christianity. The accursed Batu breathed fire from his vile heart and immediately ordered Oleg to be cut into pieces with knives. And he was the second passion-bearer Stefan, accepted the crown of suffering from the all-merciful God and drank the cup of death together with all his brothers.
And King Batu the accursed Ryazan land began to fight and went to the city of Ryazan. And they laid siege to the city and fought relentlessly for five days. Batya’s army changed, and the townspeople constantly fought. And many townspeople were killed, and others were wounded, and others were exhausted from great labors and wounds. And on the sixth day, early in the morning, the wicked went to the city - some with lights, others with battering guns, and others with countless ladders - and took the city of Ryazan in the month of December on 21 days. And they came to the cathedral church Holy Mother of God, and the Grand Duchess Agrippina, the mother of the Grand Duke, with her daughters-in-law, and other princesses, was flogged with swords, and the bishop and priests were put on fire - they were burned in the holy church, and many others fell from weapons. And in the city they flogged many people, wives, and children with swords, and drowned others in the river, and flogged the priests and monks without a trace, and burned the whole city, and all the famous beauty, and the wealth of Ryazan, and the relatives of the Ryazan princes - the princes of Kyiv and Chernigov - captured. But they destroyed the temples of God and shed a lot of blood in the holy altars. And not a single living person remained in the city: they all died anyway and drank the single cup of death. There was no one moaning or crying here - no father and mother about their children, no children about their father and mother, no brother about their brother, no relatives about their relatives, but they all lay dead together. And all this was for our sins.
And the godless Tsar Batu saw the terrible shedding of Christian blood, and became even more enraged and embittered, and went to Suzdal and Vladimir, intending to capture the Russian land, and eradicate the Christian faith, and destroy the churches of God to the ground.
And one of the Ryazan nobles named Evpatiy Kolovrat was at that time in Chernigov with Prince Ingvar Ingvarevich, and heard about the invasion of the evil Tsar Batu, and set out from Chernigov with a small squad, and rushed quickly. And he came to the land of Ryazan and saw it deserted, cities destroyed, churches burned, people killed. And he rushed to the city of Ryazan and saw the city devastated, the sovereigns killed and many people killed: some were killed and flogged, others were burned, and others were drowned in the river. And Evpatiy cried out in the grief of his soul, burning in his heart. And he gathered a small squad - one thousand seven hundred people, whom God kept outside the city. And they chased after the godless king, and barely overtook him in the land of Suzdal, and suddenly attacked the Batu camps. And they began to flog without mercy, and all the Tatar regiments were mixed up. And the Tatars looked like they were drunk or crazy. And Evpatiy beat them so mercilessly that their swords became dull, and he took Tatar swords and cut them with them. It seemed to the Tatars that the dead had risen. Evpatiy, driving right through the strong Tatar regiments, beat them mercilessly.
And he rode among the Tatar regiments so bravely and courageously that the tsar himself was afraid.
And the Tatars barely caught five military men from Evpatiev’s regiment, exhausted from great wounds. And they were brought to King Batu, and King Batu began to ask them: “What faith are you, and what land are you, and why are you doing so much evil to me?” They answered: “We are of Christian faith, slaves of Grand Duke Yuri Ingvarevich of Ryazan, and we are from the regiment of Evpatiy Kolovrat. We have been sent by Prince Ingvar Ingvarevich of Ryazan to honor you, the strong Tsar...
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