Complex analysis for amino acids (32 indicators) (blood). Comprehensive amino acid analysis (32 indicators) (urine) Functions of basic amino acids

Amino acids is a fundamental part of proteins or proteins. When their indicators are normal, then all processes in the body proceed normally. The analysis is carried out for 32 indicators by drawing blood; urine can also serve as a biomaterial for this analysis. Blood is donated on an empty stomach.

Reasons for prescribing amino acid analysis.

• Monitoring the normal functioning of all body systems.
• For a more accurate diagnosis of diseases associated with impaired amino acid metabolism.

Norms of amino acids in the blood in µmol/l for adults.

What are amino acids responsible for?

Amino acids activate mental activity, improve memory, and activate metabolism. The endocrine system also cannot function normally without amino acids. Exceeding the boundaries of certain norms indicates serious diseases, most often of the liver and kidneys. The human body is able to synthesize half of the above amino acids on its own; the rest must come from outside along with food. The human need for each amino acid is small and amounts to 0.5-2 grams per day. The exclusion of any amino acid from the diet entails a violation of the fragile balance of metabolic processes in our body.

Analysis period: 10 days.

At the Doctor Nearby clinic, it makes it possible to determine the content of these beneficial compounds in the body. Today, more than a hundred amino acids are known, but only 32 of them provide protein production. Depending on the possibility of creation in the body, amino acids are divided into essential and non-essential.

Key essential amino compounds:

• Valin;
• Arginine;
• Methionine;
• Phenylalanine;
• Tryptophan;
• Lysine and others.

Key replaceable substances:

• Alanine;
• Acylcarnitine;
• Citrulline;
• Glycine;
• Glutamate;
• Asparagine and others.

These acids are needed for many metabolic processes in the human body. If the enzymes involved in the transformation are disrupted, the concentration of certain amino acids may increase. This negatively affects the functioning of various organs and systems. The pathology of amino acid metabolism can be hereditary or acquired.

Birth defects are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and usually occur in early childhood. This group of diseases is caused by a lack of transport protein molecules and enzymes involved in the metabolism of amino acids. They can manifest themselves with various symptoms, ranging from minor malaise to severe general impairment, vomiting, coma, delayed physical and intellectual development, osteoporosis and osteomalacia.

In many diseases of internal organs, acquired or secondary metabolic disorders are observed.

Pathological conditions accompanied by a violation of amino acid metabolism include diseases of the digestive system (,), urinary system (Fanconi syndrome), malignant neoplasms, and so on.

Prevention and effective treatment of these diseases makes it possible to slow down their progression and normalize metabolism.

To diagnose these pathological processes, doctors at the Doctor Nearby clinic prescribe a blood test for 32 indicators. This diagnostic procedure makes it possible to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the content of these substances and their derivatives in the blood, as well as determine the state of amino acid metabolism in the body. You can find out the price of a blood test for amino acids on the company’s official website.

Preparing for analysis

To obtain reliable research results, you must adhere to certain preparation rules. During the day before donating blood for analysis, you should stop drinking alcoholic beverages.

For 8 hours before taking biological material, the patient must refuse to eat. During this period, you are only allowed to drink purified water without gas.

In consultation with your doctor, you should stop taking medications the day before donating blood, if possible. For half an hour before the test, the patient is advised to refrain from smoking and try to avoid psycho-emotional and physical overload.

Indications for the study

Doctors at the Doctor Nearby clinic advise taking an amino acid test in the following situations:

• Suspicion of congenital and acquired disorders of amino acid metabolism;
• Differential diagnosis of the pathology of the metabolism of nitrogenous bases and their elimination (with an increase in the level of ammonia in the body);
• Monitoring the effectiveness of diet therapy and therapeutic measures;
• Comprehensive assessment of nutritional status and diet correction;
• Diagnosis of severe congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism in childhood in the presence of vomiting, metabolic acidosis, mental retardation and other characteristic signs;
• Screening in persons with a complicated medical history (congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism in relatives).
• Examination of people involved in professional sports (weightlifters, bodybuilders), especially those taking protein supplements.
• Assessment of amino acid metabolism in vegetarians.

How the research works

Interpretation of amino acid test results

Deciphering the analysis takes one business day. After this, the patient receives a conclusion about the results of the analysis, with which he goes to his doctor. When interpreting the results, the age of the patients, dietary habits, the presence of symptoms of any diseases and other laboratory data are taken into account.

Amino acids- organic compounds that are the main component of proteins (proteins). Disorders of amino acid metabolism are the cause of many diseases (liver and kidneys). Amino acid analysis (urine and blood) is the primary means of assessing dietary protein absorption as well as metabolic imbalances that underlie many chronic disorders.

The biomaterial for a comprehensive analysis of amino acids in the Hemotest Laboratory can be blood or urine.

The following essential amino acids are studied: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, citrulline, glutamic acid, glycine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, hydroxyproline, serine, asparagine, α-aminoadipic acid, glutamine, β-alanine, taurine, histidine, threonine, 1-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine, γ-aminobutyric acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, α-aminobutyric acid, proline, cystathionine, lysine, cystine, cysteic acid.

Alanin – an important source of energy for the brain and central nervous system; strengthens the immune system by producing antibodies; actively participates in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids. It can be a raw material for the synthesis of glucose in the body, making it an important source of energy and a regulator of blood sugar levels.

Decreased concentration: chronic kidney disease, ketotic hypoglycemia.

Increased concentrations: hyperalaninemia, citrullinemia (moderate increase), Cushing's disease, gout, hyperorotininemia, histidemia, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, lysinuric protein intolerance.

Arginine is a conditionally nonessential amino acid. Participates in the cycle of transamination and removal of final nitrogen from the body, that is, the breakdown product of waste proteins. The body’s ability to create urea and cleanse itself of protein waste depends on the power of the cycle (ornithine - citrulline - arginine).

Decreased concentration: 3 days after abdominal surgery, chronic renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis.

Increased concentration: hyperargininemia, in some cases type II hyperinsulinemia.

Aspartic acid is part of proteins, plays an important role in the reactions of the urea cycle and transamination, and participates in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines.

Decreased concentration: 1 day after surgery.

Increased concentration: urine – dicarboxyl aminoaciduria.

Citrulline increases energy supply, stimulates the immune system, and is converted into L-arginine in metabolic processes. Neutralizes ammonia, which damages liver cells.

Increased citrulline concentration: citrullinemia, liver disease, ammonium intoxication, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, lysinuric protein intolerance.

Urine - citrullinemia, Hartnup disease, argininosuccinate aciduria.

Glutamic acid is a neurotransmitter that transmits impulses in the central nervous system. Plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and promotes the penetration of calcium through the blood-brain barrier. Decreased concentration: histidinemia, chronic renal failure.

Increased concentration: pancreatic cancer, gout, glutamic acid, aciduria, rheumatoid arthritis. Urine – dicarboxyl aminoaciduria.

Glycine is a regulator of metabolism, normalizes the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system, has an anti-stress effect, and increases mental performance.

Decreased concentration: gout, diabetes.

Increased concentration: septicemia, hypoglycemia, type 1 hyperammonemia, severe burns, fasting, propionic acidemia, methylmalonic acidemia, chronic renal failure. Urine – hypoglycemia, cystinuria, Hartnup disease, pregnancy, hyperprolinemia, glycinuria, rheumatoid arthritis.

Methionine an essential amino acid that helps process fats, preventing their deposition in the liver and artery walls. The synthesis of taurine and cysteine ​​depends on the amount of methionine in the body. Promotes digestion, provides detoxification processes, reduces muscle weakness, protects against radiation exposure, is useful for osteoporosis and chemical allergies.

Decreased concentration: homocystinuria, protein nutrition disorder.

Increased concentration: carcinoid syndrome, homocystinuria, hypermethioninemia, tyrosinemia, severe liver disease.

Ornithine Helps release growth hormone, which helps burn fat in the body. Necessary for the immune system, participates in detoxification processes and restoration of liver cells.

Decreased concentration: carcinoid syndrome, chronic renal failure.

Increased concentration: spiral atrophy of the choroid and retina, severe burns, hemolysis.

Phenylalanine - an essential amino acid, in the body it can be converted into tyrosine, which, in turn, is used in the synthesis of two main neurotransmitters: dopamine and norepinephrine. Affects mood, reduces pain, improves memory and learning ability, suppresses appetite.

Increased concentration: transient tyrosinemia of newborns, hyperphenylalaninemia, sepsis, hepatic encephalopathy, viral hepatitis, phenylketonuria.

Tyrosine is a precursor to the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Participates in the regulation of mood; a lack of tyrosine leads to a deficiency of norepinephrine, which leads to depression. Suppresses appetite, reduces fat deposits, promotes the production of melatonin and improves the functions of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland and pituitary gland, and is also involved in phenylalanine metabolism. Thyroid hormones are formed by the addition of iodine atoms to tyrosine.

Decreased concentration: polycystic kidney disease, hypothermia, phenylketonuria, chronic renal failure, carcinoid syndrome, myxedema, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis.

Increased concentration: hypertyrosinemia, hyperthyroidism, sepsis.

Valin an essential amino acid that has a stimulating effect. Necessary for muscle metabolism, repair of damaged tissues and for maintaining normal nitrogen metabolism in the body, can be used by muscles as a source of energy.

Decreased concentration: hyperinsulinism, hepatic encephalopathy.

Increased concentration: ketoaciduria, hypervalinemia, insufficient protein nutrition, carcinoid syndrome, acute starvation.

Leucine and isoleucine - protect muscle tissue and are sources of energy, and also contribute to the restoration of bones, skin, and muscles. Able to lower blood sugar levels and stimulate the release of growth hormone.

Decreased concentration: acute starvation, hyperinsulinism, hepatic encephalopathy.

Increased concentration: ketoaciduria, obesity, fasting, viral hepatitis.

Hydroxyproline found in the tissues of almost the entire body, it is part of collagen, which accounts for most of the protein in the body of mammals. The synthesis of hydroxyproline is impaired by vitamin C deficiency.

Increased concentration: hydroxyprolinemia, uremia, liver cirrhosis.

Serin belongs to the group of non-essential amino acids, participates in the formation of active centers of a number of enzymes, ensuring their function. It is important in the biosynthesis of other non-essential amino acids: glycine, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan. Serine is the starting product of the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases, sphingolipids, ethanolamine, and other important metabolic products.

Decreased concentration: phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency, gout.

Increased serine concentration: protein intolerance. Urine – burns, Hartnup disease.

Asparagine necessary to maintain balance in the processes occurring in the central nervous

system; prevents both excessive excitation and excessive inhibition, participates in the processes of amino acid synthesis in the liver.

Increased concentration: burns, Hartnup disease, cystinosis.

Alpha-aminoadipic acid - metabolite of the main biochemical pathways of lysine.

Increased concentration: hyperlysinemia, alpha-aminoadipic aciduria, alpha-ketoadipic aciduria, Reye's syndrome.

Glutamine performs a number of vital functions in the body: participates in the synthesis of amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, cAMP and c-GMP, folic acid, enzymes that carry out redox reactions (NAD), serotonin, n-aminobenzoic acid; neutralizes ammonia; converted to aminobutyric acid (GABA); is able to increase the permeability of muscle cells to potassium ions.

Decreased glutamine concentration: rheumatoid arthritis

Increased concentrations: Blood - Hyperammonemia caused by the following reasons: hepatic coma, Reye's syndrome, meningitis, cerebral hemorrhage, urea cycle defects, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, carbamoyl phosphate synthase deficiency, citrullinemia, arginine succinic aciduria, hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, homocitrullinemia (HHH syndrome), in some cases hyperlysemia type 1, lysinuric protein intolerance. Urine – Hartnup disease, generalized aminoaciduria, rheumatoid arthritis.

β-alanine – is the only beta amino acid, formed from dihydrouracil and carnosine.

Increased concentration: hyper-β-alaninemia.

Taurine - promote the emulsification of fats in the intestines, has anticonvulsant activity, has a cardiotropic effect, improves energy processes, stimulates reparative processes in dystrophic diseases and processes accompanied by metabolic disorders of eye tissue, helps to normalize the function of cell membranes and improve metabolic processes.

Decreased taurine concentration: Blood - Manic-depressive syndrome, depressive neuroses

Increased taurine concentration: Urine - Sepsis, hyper-β-alaninemia, folic acid deficiency (B9), first trimester of pregnancy, burns.

Histidine is part of the active centers of many enzymes and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of histamine. Promotes tissue growth and repair. Contained in large quantities in hemoglobin; used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, allergies, ulcers and anemia. A lack of histidine can cause hearing loss.

Decreased histidine concentration: Rheumatoid arthritis

Increased histidine concentration: Histidinemia, pregnancy, Hartnup disease, generalized

no aminoaciduria.

Threonine is an essential amino acid that helps maintain normal protein metabolism in the body, is important for the synthesis of collagen and elastin, helps the liver, participates in fat metabolism, and stimulates the immune system.

Decreased threonine concentration: Chronic renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis.

Increased threonine concentration: Hartnup disease, pregnancy, burns, hepatolenticular degeneration.

1-methylhistidine main derivative of anserine. The enzyme carnosinase converts anserine into β-alanine and 1-methylhistidine. High levels of 1-methylhistidine tend to inhibit the enzyme carnosinase and increase anserine concentrations. Decreased carnosinase activity also occurs in patients with Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and post-stroke patients. Vitamin E deficiency can lead to 1-methylhistidinuria due to increased oxidative effects in skeletal muscle.

Increased concentration: chronic renal failure, meat diet.

3-methylhistidine is an indicator of the level of protein breakdown in muscles.

Decreased concentration: fasting, diet.

Increased concentration: chronic renal failure, burns, multiple injuries.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid - found in the central nervous system and takes part in neurotransmitter and metabolic processes in the brain. GABA receptor ligands are considered as potential agents for the treatment of various mental and central nervous system disorders, which include Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, sleep disorders (insomnia, narcolepsy), and epilepsy. Under the influence of GABA, the energy processes of the brain are also activated, the respiratory activity of tissues increases, the utilization of glucose by the brain improves, and blood supply improves.

Beta (β) - aminoisobutyric acid - a non-protein amino acid is a product of the catabolism of thymine and valine. Increased concentration: various types of neoplasms, diseases accompanied by increased destruction of nucleic acids in tissues, Down syndrome, protein malnutrition, hyper-beta-alaninemia, beta-aminoisobutyric aciduria, lead poisoning.

Alpha (α) -aminobutyric acid is the main intermediate product of the biosynthesis of ophthalmic acid. Increased concentration: nonspecific aminoaciduria, fasting.

Proline - one of twenty proteinogenic amino acids, is part of all proteins of all organisms.

Decreased concentration: Huntington's chorea, burns

Increased concentration: Blood - hyperprolinemia type 1 (proline oxidase deficiency), hyperprolinemia type 2 (pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase deficiency), protein malnutrition in newborns. Urine – hyperproliemia types 1 and 2, Joseph syndrome (severe prolinuria), carcinoid syndrome, iminoglycinuria, Wilson-Konovalov disease (hepatolenticular degeneration).

Cystathionine - sulfur-containing amino acid, participates in the biosynthesis of cysteine, methionine and serine.

Lysine is an essential amino acid that is part of almost any protein, is necessary for growth, tissue repair, the production of antibodies, hormones, enzymes, albumins, has an antiviral effect, maintains energy levels, is involved in the formation of collagen and tissue repair, improves the absorption of calcium from the blood and its transport into bone tissue.

Decreased concentration: carcinoid syndrome, lysinuric protein intolerance.

Increased concentrations: Blood – hyperlysinemia, glutaric acidemia type 2. Urine – cystinuria, hyperlysinemia, first trimester of pregnancy, burns.

Cystine in the body is an important part of proteins such as immunoglobulins, insulin and somatostatin, and strengthens connective tissue. Decreased cystine concentration: protein starvation, burns. Increased cystine concentration: Blood - sepsis, chronic renal failure. Urine – Cystinosis, cystinuria, cystinlysinuria, first trimester of pregnancy.

Cysteinic acid - sulfur-containing amino acid. Intermediate product of cysteine ​​and cystine metabolism. Takes part in transamination reactions and is one of the precursors of taurine.

Only half of the necessary amino acids are synthesized in the human body, and the remaining amino acids - essential (arginine, valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) - must come from food. Exclusion of any essential amino acid from the diet leads to the development of a negative nitrogen balance, clinically manifested by dysfunction of the nervous system, muscle weakness and other signs of metabolic and energy pathology.

Indications for the purpose of analysis:

• Diagnosis of diseases associated with amino acid metabolism disorders.
• Assessment of the condition of the human body.

General preparation rules must be followed. Blood must be donated for testing on an empty stomach. At least 8 hours must pass between the last meal and blood collection.

Collect an average morning portion of urine for testing.

Amino acids is a fundamental part of proteins or proteins. When their indicators are normal, then all processes in the body proceed normally. The analysis is carried out for 32 indicators by drawing blood; urine can also serve as a biomaterial for this analysis. Blood is donated on an empty stomach.

Reasons for prescribing amino acid analysis.

• Monitoring the normal functioning of all body systems.
• For a more accurate diagnosis of diseases associated with impaired amino acid metabolism.

Norms of amino acids in the blood in µmol/l for adults.

What are amino acids responsible for?

Amino acids activate mental activity, improve memory, and activate metabolism. The endocrine system also cannot function normally without amino acids. Exceeding the boundaries of certain norms indicates serious diseases, most often of the liver and kidneys. The human body is able to synthesize half of the above amino acids on its own; the rest must come from outside along with food. The human need for each amino acid is small and amounts to 0.5-2 grams per day. The exclusion of any amino acid from the diet entails a violation of the fragile balance of metabolic processes in our body.