How to write abstracts for an article sample. How to write a thesis statement. Choosing the Right Thesis Statement

Properly designed abstracts for the conference have a very important role. An unsuccessfully prepared text can spoil the idea of the main work, alienate the listener or reader, and also present the author himself in a bad light. Well-designed abstracts will allow you to reveal the full potential of scientific work, draw attention to your work or attract funding, and mark the author as a competent scientist. Abstracts for the conference, marked by the commission as significant, can be published free of charge in various journals or collections of conference articles.

Abstracts compiled based on the publication of another author. Preparing this type of abstract involves carefully studying the work of a third-party author.

During the study, it is necessary to highlight the main ideas and essence of the work, then, based on the prepared material, individual provisions are formulated, which are then formalized in the report.

Abstracts in order of writing

Abstracts by complexity

Abstracts by style of presentation

Determining the purpose of the work
Various data and calculations.
Main results
Final analysis and conclusions

Description of the new technique
Application Descriptions

The title indicates the title of the article, full name of the authors, place of work or registration, as well as country and city. In some cases, it is necessary to prepare an abstract and keywords.

Now you know

Publication date: 2016-10-17
Category: Articles
Section: Recommendations

Theses are briefly formulated main thoughts and provisions of the material being studied.In order to make a thesis summary you need to:

1) Read the whole paragraph (even better, look at the entire text first). Highlight the main idea (key words) in the paragraph. Find key offers. They contain keywords.

2) discard details and explanations in the sentence.

It is possible that the main idea is “scattered” over two or even three sentences.

3) reformulate the highlighted thought in a simpler form.

Ex: a story about the Mowgli girls (i.e. the essence or name is briefly indicated if we are talking about a well-known experiment, scientific or historical fact)

Example: fragment of the transcript of Gordon’s TV show with D. Leontyev and S. Bratchenko “The Dotted Man”)

...The great psychologist Carl Rogers made a huge mistake when he identified human potential with what is inherent in us by nature. The concept of “personal growth,” which was coined by Carl Rogers, implies that everything is laid out, you just need to water it and everything will sprout on its own. But it is not what makes a person a person that sprouts; it is that which is only a prerequisite that sprouts. Our natural potential is not our human potential. Human potential is not within us, it is in our relationships with the world.

In a person there is not only the biological and the social, but also the strictly personal, which does not belong to either one or the other. A very beautiful model that describes this was proposed by the American psychologist Salvatore Maddi, the author of a very original theory of needs. He identifies three groups of human needs: biological, social and psychological. Muddy considers the psychological needs of imagination, judgment and symbolization: something that no one has ever classified as needs. And then Muddy describes two ways of personality development. The first way is when we perceive ourselves exclusively as the embodiment of biological needs and social roles, biological and social needs dominate in us, and we perceive ourselves as the embodiment of these biological needs and social roles and behave in their logic. This is the conformist path. But there is also a second option, when psychological needs are dominant. We have our own images, our own world. We build ideals, we project ourselves into the future... And we begin to behave differently, like humans. You can do without it, but human potential will never be realized. This is a choice that each of us makes...

Abstracts:

Carl Rogers falsely equalized the potential of h-heredity. And personal growth is about self-discovery of abilities.

DALInherited in heredity is only a prerequisite. Human potential lies in relationships, not within a person.

DAL: Three aspects of a person’s “content”:

biological,

social

actually personal

A similar idea of the American psychologist Salvatore Maddi about 3 groups of needs (biological, social, personal).

There are 2 routes along Muddy:

1) conformist: when we perceive ourselves as the embodiment of biological needs and social roles.

2) when psychological needs dominate. Ch-k builds ideals, projects himself into the future. (= personal path according to DAL.)

Ch-k chooses his own way of life

According to the general definition on Wikipedia: “Theses are briefly formulated main provisions, the main thoughts of a scientific work, article, report, term paper or dissertation.” Abstracts of scientific articles are a set of interrelated and logically constructed main provisions of a full-text work, in which they must be proven and justified.

The main purpose of writing a thesis is to present a brief affirmative generalization, to reveal the essence, main ideas and results of a work or scientific work that is more complete in content. A distinctive feature of the abstract is its small volume (2-3 pages), reflecting the main ideas of the full report.

Well-designed abstracts will allow you to reveal the full potential of scientific work, draw attention to your work or attract funding, and mark the author as a competent scientist. Abstracts for the conference, marked by the commission as significant, can be published free of charge in various journals or collections of conference articles.

Every scientist strives to convey the results of his work to the world community and other specialists. To prepare high-quality abstracts and make them public means to make your work worthy of scientific recognition and application by other scientists in their works.

Theses are divided into the following types:

Authorship of the main scientific work (compiled using publications of another author, compiled on the basis of one’s own scientific works)
Venue of presentation (international conferences, journals, seminars, etc.)
Form of presentation (presentation with speech, absentee hearing, publication, etc.)
The order of writing (before preparing the main scientific work, when the scientific work has already been prepared)
Main content (contains the statement of the problem, the result of the research, a new method of work, etc.)
Difficulties (basic, simple, complex)
Style of presentation (verbal and nominative structure)

Abstracts compiled based on the publication of another author. Preparing this type of abstract involves carefully studying the work of a third-party author. During the study, it is necessary to highlight the main ideas and essence of the work, then, based on the prepared material, individual provisions are formulated, which are then formalized in the report.

Theses compiled on the basis of your own scientific works. This implies a clear understanding of the issue under study by the author. At the same time, the main task of the author is to briefly and succinctly express the problem under consideration in writing.

Abstracts by place of presentation

Abstracts of scientific work will be presented at the conference, sent and discussed at a seminar or forum, or assessed in absentia by experts and accepted for publication in the journal.

Abstracts by presentation form

A distinctive feature here is the need for a public speech, an absentee hearing, or the submission of abstracts to an expert council. Abstracts for correspondence conferences are usually written short, succinct and informative, with a view to their subsequent publication in collections of scientific papers of the conference.

Abstracts in order of writing

Preparing abstracts based on available material involves correctly highlighting the main points and maintaining the integrity of the work.

Preparing abstracts before writing the main scientific work is the most common type. The difficulty lies in the fact that the author has not fully studied the material and has almost no idea what he wants to write about. After the emergence and formulation of the main idea, a short plan is prepared, on the basis of which the text is written.

Abstracts on main content

They contain the essence of the report's content. They can be based on the formulation of a problem, the publication of research results, the publication of a new technique, etc.

Abstracts by complexity

Simple theses include separate parts of the main work and reveal only the main points. The main theses include the fundamentally important ideas and provisions of the main work. Each main point is explained simply. Complex - include simple and basic theses, revealing the main scientific work in the most complete form.

Abstracts by style of presentation

Theses of the verb structure largely include verbal predicates and represent a brief scientific description.

Theses of the nominative structure are characterized by the absence of verbal predicates and laconic recording of scientific information.

Let's move directly to the question " How to write abstracts for a conference».

The structure of theses is based on the typology of their content.

When writing a text revealing the statement of the problem, include the following blocks:

A laconic introduction that reveals the relevance of the topic.
Purpose of work and setting tasks
Brief literature review and analysis of existing methods or points of view, description of the subject area and object of study
The author's ideas and thoughts about the problem under consideration
Procedure and possible ways of developing the research
Conclusions on the assigned tasks and goals. Assessment of achievement of results.

When writing a text based on research results, it is recommended to use the following plan:

Brief, laconic introduction, statement of the problem
Determining the purpose of the work
General provisions and basic hypotheses of the study.
Applied methods and methodologies.
Various data and calculations.
Interim results and analysis
Main results
Final analysis and conclusions

Theses concerning new work methods include the following blocks:

Brief, laconic introduction, methods, scope
The purpose and objectives of the work of developing a new technique
Description of existing methods, literature analysis
Description of the new technique
Application Descriptions
Assessing Benefits and Limitations
Conclusions and the degree of achievement of the set objectives, the error of the methodology.

Requirements for abstract submission

Requirements for abstracts are submitted to org. committee conducting a particular event. It is very important to pay special attention to this, since incorrectly edited abstracts of the report may cause the article to be rejected, because any violation of the rules for formatting works leads to an increase in time for layout of the collection of works and further placement in libraries.

The average volume of abstracts is 3-5 pages, Times New Roman font, 12-14 point size, single or one and a half line spacing.

One of the important points is the design of the bibliography. It is necessary to take into account citations, as well as to give scientific weight to the text. To correctly construct the list, GOST 7.1-2003 is used.

The title indicates the title of the article, full name of the authors, place of work or registration, as well as country and city.

How to write abstracts for a scientific article

In some cases, it is necessary to prepare an abstract and keywords.

General algorithm for writing conference abstracts:

Determining the type of thesis and choosing its structure
Setting goals and required work results
Formulating the working title of the document, taking into account the previous points. It is necessary to take into account the topic of the required section of the conference.
Drawing up the structure of abstracts according to recommendations and type. For convenience, it is recommended to prepare one sentence for each block, including the main idea of this section. If a section contains several ideas, it will consist of several paragraphs
Analysis of what was received, if necessary, addition and clarification. It is important to logically build a proof of the main idea of the work and the way to achieve the goal.
Familiarization with the requirements for the abstract format and preparation of the text based on the existing plan.
Checking the received text. If new considerations or ideas appear on the issue under consideration, they must also be included by repeating the previous steps.
Completing the writing of the report text, abstract, keywords and checking compliance with the conference requirements. It is very important to take into account the number of pages specified by the org. by the event committee as recommended.
Final preparation of the text of the article and presentation to your supervisor or friends.
Sending completed abstracts and a completed application for participation to org. committee.

Abstracts should be brief and informative

Logical relationships must be traced throughout the text

The writing style should be exclusively scientific

The text should be understandable even to an untrained reader

Graphic design in the form of diagrams and tables is welcome.

See the article on this topic “10 Basic Rules for Writing Scientific Articles”

Now you know how to write abstracts for a conference. High-quality articles and scientific growth!

Publication date: 2016-10-17
Category: Articles
Section: Recommendations

1) Main theses are fundamentally important, main provisions that summarize the content of the source (main conclusions).

2) Simple theses are the main ideas present in individual pieces of information. Simple theses reveal the main ones.

3) Complex theses - include basic and simple theses. Each main point is explained in simple terms.

— Theses should be arranged in the logical sequence in which the main ideas of this book are most correctly presented (which does not always coincide with the sequence of presentation of the material).

— To write abstracts, it is advisable to use a complex plan.

— The wording of the abstract should be clear and concise.

— The abstracts do not provide supporting facts or examples.

— Some of the theses can be written in the form of quotes.

— Well-written theses follow from one another.

Algorithm for writing abstracts

2. Divide the text into logical parts.

3. In each part, highlight the main thing.

Abstracts for a report - sample and example of how to write

Think about what has been highlighted, formulate theses.

Abstract- this is a systematic, logically coherent record that combines a plan, theses, and extracts.

A summary written by one reader can be used by others. It is more versatile than other types of recordings. Notes can be successfully accessed several years after they were written.

Types of notes:

1) Plan notes - compiled on the basis of the plan. Each question in the plan is answered by a specific part of the outline. Where a plan item does not require additions or clarification, it is not accompanied by text.

2) Textual summary - created mainly from quotes from the author of the book. Extracts can be connected by logical transitions, can be provided with a plan and include abstracts. Helps to determine the falsity of the author’s judgments or identify controversial issues.

3) Free summary - combines extracts, quotes, and sometimes abstracts. Part of its text may be provided with an outline. To compile a free summary, you need a deep understanding of the material, a large and active vocabulary in order to clearly and concisely formulate the main points.

4) Thematic summary - gives a more or less comprehensive answer to the posed question-topic. Such a summary is compiled on the basis of several sources, and therefore does not necessarily reflect all the content of each of them.

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search.

The scientific term “thesis” is familiar to every student of various educational institutions. This is the result of a study written by in the form of a summary. Typically, the volume of such presentation is approximately 2 pages of printed text. Many people know the meaning of this term, but not everyone knows how to formulate and correctly present the results. But this is easy to fix.

Theses can be called a small scientific article that incorporates the main provisions of the research conducted. This is the calling card of your main job. In most cases, they are written for a scientific conference, where the student needs to clearly present the essence of his work in the form of a report. There are certain design rules that must be followed, as well as a writing structure.

In contact with

Structure

In the theses you summarize, touching on only one topic chosen together with the leader. You need to write only about personal achievements or developments during the research, taking into account all its participants, if there are any besides you. Like any other written text, abstracts consist of certain sections:

Introduction. Here you need to very briefly describe the reason for carrying out the study. From the introduction, the reader should immediately understand what is being discussed and why it is important. This implies scientific novelty, without which this work will be ordinary. Typically, the introduction takes no more than one paragraph.
The theoretical part, in which the most basic aspects related to the theory should be summarized so that the reader has a clear idea of the subject and object of the research. Unnecessary statements in this part are not welcome, since they will already be presented in the main report.
The main part, which again briefly summarizes the analysis of the research conducted. When presenting certain facts, the author must always support with arguments. Therefore, he must think in advance about how to formulate the thesis.
Conclusions formulated based on the analysis obtained. Always ask yourself why you came to the conclusions you did. In conclusion, we can again briefly mention the introduction and scientific novelty in the past tense. An example of a phrase: “And so we justified...” will fit perfectly.
. It is important to pay attention to the correct design, since a common mistake is precisely inattention to the design requirements. The supervisor usually clarifies this point with the student.

Types of abstracts

Exists three types of spelling:

formulating a concept to pose a problem;
the result of the research;
presentation of a new working methodology.

Problem statement can be called the most unstable genre. Whether your abstracts will be included in the collection or not depends on how much the curator likes your description of the problem. If he thinks you weren't convincing enough, they won't publish them. Therefore, it is worth taking into account all aspects of the work, even what kind of supervisor you have.

Theses in literature

Few people think about what a thesis is in literature. But this is a rather interesting point that cannot be compared with the traditional understanding of the concept.

In ancient Greece, writers called a thesis falling phase.

To the question of what a thesis is, one can only answer that these are briefly and clearly formulated thoughts expressed in one sentence. Such concepts are used for writing essays. In relation to versification, this term refers to the moment when the narrator uses short syllables, lowering his voice while reading the poem.

How to write correctly?

In order for the writing process to proceed without any difficulties and to be competent in execution, you must follow a certain algorithm of actions:

The first thing you need to do is decide for which text you are writing a thesis. In them, all the information for the report is presented very briefly; rewriting absolutely everything from a scientific work would be the wrong approach to the task.
Afterwards, you should read your report again to identify the relevance of the work and its purpose.
Understand and formulate the issues addressed in scientific work.
Next, you need to justify your choice regarding the issue.
Describe the research methods, if possible, suggest your own new methodology.
Formulate conclusions.

Important! Abstracts for the article You can write either on a chosen topic, or match it to already written works and come up with a title. Any way of writing has its place. But in any case, everything will depend on the curator, who will guide you and choose the way to write for a scientific conference.

Thesis plan

If executed correctly, a thesis plan will become a good assistant in writing any scientific text. It should express the essence of the research conducted, specific aspects and bare facts. Without a thesis plan, all the author’s arguments presented in a scientific work will lose their weight. From all of the above, we can conclude that abstracts are written both for a finished work and for a completely unprepared one.

Important! Theses are a separate genre of scientific writing, and the thesis outline is their faithful companion.

The thesis plan should be of a debatable nature, that is, provoke a response or debate from listeners. This can be called a kind of announcement, a warm-up before submitting the main work and information on scientific topics. The listener will already know what exactly will be discussed in the report and so on.

A thesis plan can also be drawn up for literary texts. Usually such tasks are given to schoolchildren, not students. Students formulate theses and thesis plan for proper writing in literature or Russian language. In this case, the theses will no longer be a scientific essay, but clearly formulated thoughts, which subsequently need to be argued in the essay.

Now the question: “What are theses and how to write them?” will no longer cause you any difficulties. They can be formulated both in scientific works and in artistic works, and these will be two completely different types of written work. But, if you adhere to a clear algorithm of actions, completing tasks will be easier. And writing examples will allow you to clearly understand the structure and how to compose them correctly.

What is a thesis

Preparing for an essay

Creating a scientific paper is one thing. But speaking at a conference, presenting strong facts, being interesting, not letting the audience get bored, and appearing in front of hundreds of unfamiliar faces is not an easy task.

There is something similar to preparing for a thesis in preparing for a conference. But there are also some nuances.

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Why is it so important to know how conference abstracts are written?

Participation in a scientific conference is the ultimate dream of any scientist. This is where all the authoritative figures gather, who will notice or not notice your bright thoughts.

Knowing how to correctly write and format abstracts for a conference will be useful to many even earlier. Even at school, particularly successful students have the opportunity to participate in such an event. Another example is the student years, when young scientists begin to take their first steps in science.

A successful presentation at the conference will be a confident application for participation in the scientific community. If you get noticed (in a good way), you can achieve greater heights in the future.

And one more point why it is so important to follow the rules for writing abstracts for a conference: poor preparation will cast the main scientific work, and sometimes even the personality of the author, in an unfavorable light.

Conversely, a good structure, a competent plan and compliance with all the requirements of the abstracts for the conference will allow you to get several advantages at once:

Unlock the potential of scientific work.
Pay attention to yourself and your work.
Attract financing.
Establish yourself as a new scientific author.

Please note that abstracts marked by the commission have every chance of being published free of charge in collections of scientific articles, conference proceedings, etc.

What are conference abstracts?

Writing abstracts for a conference is the process of collecting into a single whole the interconnected and logically constructed main provisions of the entire scientific work (coursework, diploma, scientific article), where the main evidence and justification should be given.

Theses are briefly formulated main provisions, the main thoughts of a scientific work, report, article, term paper or dissertation.

There are several main purposes for writing abstracts:

providing a concise, compelling summary,
revealing the essence of the work,
acquaintance with the main ideas and results of the work.

If you take a closer look at the requirements for preparing abstracts for a conference, you can see a clear similarity with writing a report for a thesis. Here you also need to keep the volume small - only 2-3 A4 sheets, which display the main ideas of a complete scientific work.

Sample abstracts for a scientific conference:

Types of abstracts

Before making abstracts for the conference, you should carefully study them for the following reasons:

By authorship of the main scientific work. When compiling them, publications of other authors, as well as their own scientific work, can be used. In the first case, someone else's work is thoroughly studied, its essence and main ideas are highlighted. Based on the prepared data, the author formulates certain provisions that will be displayed in the report. In the second case, it is assumed that the author, through research, has acquired a clear understanding of the issue being studied. And here the main task is to concisely and succinctly display the problem under consideration to the public.
At the location of the performance. Before making abstracts for a conference, you need to understand where they will be presented (seminars, journals, international conferences, and so on).
According to presentation form. This could be a presentation with a speech, a publication, an absentee hearing, etc. This point directly depends on the previous one. An example of writing abstracts for an extramural scientific conference will be brevity, information content, and capacity, so that they can be published in a scientific collection of conference articles. In a presentation, a certain lyrical digression is acceptable, and in some cases an appropriate joke will be useful.
In order of writing. Such abstracts of a conference report can be written before the main scientific work is created, or when the work is already ready (following its example). If the work is done on the basis of finished material, it consists of clearly highlighting important points and giving integrity to the entire work. A sample of abstracts for a conference before creating the main work is the most common type. Its difficulty lies in the fact that the material has not yet been fully studied by the author, and therefore he does not yet have a clear idea of what to write about. Here you need to work out a clear plan with the smallest details, on the basis of which the text will be written.
By main content. It may contain a statement of the problem, describe a new method of work, the results of interesting research, and so on.
By complexity(difficult, medium, simple). At the same time, simple theses deal with the disclosure of the main problem, medium ones (main ones, consisting of many simple ones) consist of fundamentally important ideas and provisions of the main scientific work, and complex ones consist of both simple and main theses that will reveal the essence of the scientific work as fully as possible .
By style of presentation(nominative or verbal structure). Theses of the verb structure look like a short scientific description and consist mainly of verbal predicates. Theses of the nominative structure are characterized by the absence of verbal predicates and are distinguished by a laconic recording of scientific data.

So we looked at the main points of how abstracts for the conference are drawn up. Now let's move on to the main thing: how to write them?

How to write abstracts for a conference: rules and sample

The structure of this type of work will depend entirely on what type of thesis you decide to work on.

If you are writing a text that will describe the problem posed, it should include the following information blocks:

description of the purpose of the work and setting of tasks;
small lit. review, analysis of current points of view and methods;
presenting your own thoughts on the problem;
possible ways of developing the problem;
summing up, assessing the results achieved.

If you are writing a text based on research results, it is better to use a slightly different structure:

a brief introduction, revealing the relevance of the topic;
description of the purpose of the work;
general provisions, main hypotheses;
methods and methodologies used;
bringing calculations and data;
generating intermediate results, conducting analysis;
acquaintance with the main results;
final analysis, summing up.

And here is an example of how abstracts are written for a conference based on the example of working with new techniques:

brief introduction, description of methods, areas of application;
description of the purpose of the work and setting tasks when developing a new technique;
familiarization with available methods, literature analysis;
acquaintance with a new technique;
description of the scope of application;
realistic assessment of advantages and limitations;
conclusions and the degree of implementation of the assigned tasks, description of the error of the methodology.

Requirements for conference abstracts: how to prepare them correctly

Before starting work, be sure to contact your supervisor. He should show what abstracts for the conference look like, show examples and samples, how to make them, and also how to format them.

In addition to the scientific supervisor, the organizing committee holding the conference can provide rules for registration.

It is extremely important to pay special attention to the design. Errors and inaccuracies may result in refusal to perform. Why is everything so strict? It’s just that any deviations can cause delays in the layout of works and their further placement in libraries and publications.

And here are the basic design rules:

main font - Times New Roman,
size 12-14 size,
single or one and a half line spacing,
registration of the list of references exactly according to GOST 7.1-2003.

The title of the work must indicate the author's information: his last name, first name, patronymic, place of study/work, country and city. Sometimes it is necessary to annotate abstracts for a conference, but this happens extremely rarely. Therefore, we will not dwell on this point.

The main thing is to define a clear algorithm for creating abstracts for the conference. Here is a checklist to help you, with the help of which you will be able to make a real “bomb” and “blow up” the scientific world with your speech:

Don't worry. If you have already reached the point where you want to participate in the conference, then more than half of these requirements are already firmly in your head. Well, if time flies mercilessly, and you cannot find even a minute to prepare, you do not have to refuse to participate. You can simply apply for conference abstracts from student service specialists and calmly enjoy the world of facts, scientific reports and in-depth knowledge.

Spring is a traditional time for student conferences. As a rule, organizers ask speakers to submit abstracts for presentations, or abstracts for publication in conference proceedings, or both. Ivan Mikhailovich Nokhrin, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Deputy Dean for Scientific Work of the Faculty of History and Philology of Chelyabinsk State University, shared his thoughts on how to write abstracts for the conference.

To begin with, it must be said that when writing abstracts for a conference, there are 3 important rules:

Rule 1. Write from scratch.

Although there is a great temptation to make abstracts from a chapter of a coursework or dissertation, or even a paragraph, by reducing the text to the required volume, this is absolutely not worth doing. This “method” is unlikely to preserve the logic of the presentation of the material and convey the entire meaning of the report. In the worst case, you end up with a collection of disjointed thoughts that listeners are unlikely to be able to piece together into a single picture. Therefore, before writing your abstract, bring together your ideas on the topic of the report, clearly imagine what you want to tell the audience, and write from scratch So , as if you were writing an article for a newspaper or a note for a magazine, but on a completely scientific level. Why? See the following rule:

Rule 2. Theses must be self-sufficient and understandable.

After the first drafts, read the abstract and think about whether it will be clear to your listeners and readers. Imagine if your classmates would understand them? Is the logic of the story visible from beginning to end? Are all statements substantiated? Are there connections between sentences and paragraphs? Keep in mind that good research is always scientifically novel, which means that no one understands your topic as well as you do. This also means that things that are obvious to you may not be so clear to others. Try to look at your draft through the eyes of someone else, for example, a student from another department of your faculty: would he understand your story? The rule of self-sufficiency means that readers or listeners of your theses should understand, in the end, exactly what you wanted to say, and not half or ten times less. How to achieve this? See the following rule:

Rule 3. Write only the most important things.

When preparing abstracts, you should avoid quotes, long lists of proper names, complex sentences of more than 2 lines, going into related topics, detailed explanations and anything that is not directly related to the goal. This brings us to the most important part.

What should be in conference abstracts

1. Title.

The title corresponds to the purpose of the work; it should make it clear what you want to talk about. Usually the title of the report and abstracts for the conference are the same.

2. Relevance.

2-3 sentences about why you are developing your topic. Relevance is derived from a scientific point of view, rather than socio-political or everyday. In other words, the relevance of theses is their relevance at the present stage of scientific development. Think about how your work helps in the development of your chosen scientific field? What new did you bring? Why might this be interesting and useful to scientists?

3. The degree of scientific development of the problem.

3-4 sentences about the most important scientific works for studying your topic. You should write how they were useful for you and the development of scientific issues that interest you.

4. Purpose.

The intention of the study must be clearly stated, i.e. indicate what you wanted to do. The goal cannot be in the work itself: to study, examine, read - this is not a goal, but the process of the work itself! The purpose of this research may be to define, identify, reveal patterns of something, etc.

5. Source (empirical) research base.

2-3 sentences describing the sources you used. Sources (empirical basis) and research literature are completely different things!

6. The main part is the abstract.

A thesis is a summary of an idea in one sentence. Theses differ from ordinary text in the smaller amount of argumentation, explanations, and additions - all this, as it were, remains behind the text. In other words, a thesis is a set of statements, each of which was obtained, proven and verified during your research work, but the research process itself is not reflected in the text, only the results remain. If any of the listeners are interested in details, they will be able to ask questions after the author’s presentation. For the same reason, abstracts usually do not use a footnote; they only provide a bibliography at the end.

7. Conclusion - the answer to the goal.

Conclusions are the main distinguishing feature of a well-done study. Conclusions should be meaningful (try to avoid introductory words like “thus,” “one can say,” and other unimportant parts of speech), correspond to the goal, summarize what has been said, but not repeat material already given. In other words, the conclusion is like a theses from the theses, a few of your thoughts that summarize all of the above. It should not be large - 5-7 lines, 1 paragraph.

8. List of references.

A few final general comments

The volume of abstracts is usually small: 1-2 pages, so do not choose too broad or complex topics. It is better to take a small topic, but to reveal it qualitatively and thoroughly, than to try to explain the most complex processes or phenomena in a nutshell and not have time to say something truly new.
It is better to write abstracts based on existing material than to conduct research directly during the writing process. Theses are the result of your work; although they are small in volume, they are very informative in content. It will not be so easy to write them, so it is better to build on an already established base.
After completing your thesis, “test” it on your classmates or other students from your department. Do they understand what you wanted to say? Did they have many questions? Were they interested?
If the abstract is too difficult to understand, try using numbered lists (by numbers or symbols like dots and dashes), bold or italics, or underlining, as done in this article. But don't overuse technical tools. There can be a maximum of 2 lists in the abstract, and no more than 3 highlights for the entire text.
It is not recommended to write abstracts on the last day or, especially, the night before submission. After completing the work, it is better to let the material “settle” for a week or at least 3-5 days. Then you should check what you have written with a “fresh eye”, think about what else can be added and what should be removed. Usually, during the work, the researcher’s gaze “gets tired” and misses important nuances.

Before submitting abstracts to the conference, be sure to agree on the final version with your supervisor.

Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and International Relations,

Deputy Dean for Research

Faculty of History and Philology of ChelSU

Ivan Mikhailovich Nokhrin.

Some people believe that theses are just a list of the main points of the work, but this is not so. The abstract of a scientific article is actually another form of it, an independent article that should give a sufficient idea of the research conducted. They are understood as logically related provisions of the article, the proof of which is given in the publication itself.

The purpose of writing an abstract is to summarize the material presented in a scientific article. Having become acquainted with the theses, the reader will conclude that it is advisable to get acquainted with the article itself. If you poorly present your article in the form of abstracts, this may discourage readers from getting acquainted with interesting materials, while even an article that is weak in content can arouse significant interest thanks to well-written abstracts.

Abstract structure

Theses have a certain structure, following which you can clearly state the essence of the problem. There are three main parts of the abstract: preamble, main part and conclusion. The preamble is preceded by information about the author of the abstract and its title, which is formatted in accordance with the requirements of a particular publication.

Preamble. This part involves an introduction to the research problem, a description of its relevance and the purpose of the study. For a common phenomenon, the traditional formulation is used, while addressing a new or rare term must begin with its brief description.

Sample:

Gambling addiction is one of the important problems of school-age children.

Cyberbullying is online bullying that has reached alarming proportions in the world.

When formulating relevance and other elements, do not rewrite entire paragraphs of text that may be present in your article. In your abstract, you should draw attention to the problem, rather than trying to describe in detail its enormity or consequences.

Main part. Here it is necessary to present several main provisions of the work, which are united by the research problem. This part of the abstract should be given special attention, since it affects the essence of the study and must be presented in sufficient volume. In the case of a quantitative study, it is necessary to briefly describe the methods used, sampling parameters and main results.

First, formulate the theoretical principles on the basis of which you conducted your research. The following statements will help you with this:

Sample:

…(term) represents

The main purpose (term)… is…

...(term) is characterized by signs...

Then describe the specific results of the study, for example, using the construction: “during the study it was revealed that...”.

When describing the research methods, one can note by what criteria the subjects were selected, how many stages the research consisted of, and in what form it was carried out. All this must be put into 1-2 sentences, which will not contain unnecessary details (venue and conditions, composition of groups, etc.) and insignificant words.

Sample :

The study was conducted using the method (name of the method): 30 selected students with a high level of gambling addiction were asked questions from the author’s questionnaire.

Conclusion. The last statements should represent a certain conclusion from everything given before. In the final part, you need to summarize the results of the study. This may be a generalization of the findings that you described in the previous part. Traditional constructions that lead the reader to the end of the work will help you: “research results show...”, “thus...”, etc.

Mistakes when writing abstracts

A common mistake when writing abstracts is the lack of a specific structure. This approach leads to the fact that the author simply presents some part of his research in a condensed form, without indicating its key parameters, or pulls out individual provisions of the work without connecting them with each other in any way.
The second mistake is excessive preamble. The authors of some theses pay too much attention to the formulation of the relevance of the topic or problem without addressing the actual research. At the same time, the scientific world is primarily interested in the results of the study.
The third mistake is related to overly complex phrases. Some authors believe that an excess of special terminology will demonstrate their education and competence in this topic. But do not forget that the thesis should attract the attention of the audience to the problem you have raised. The simpler you formulate your theses, the more likely it is that your topic will be discussed. At the same time, simplicity lies not only in the understandability of sentences, but also in their brevity. Two short sentences are always easier to understand than a long construction with adverbial phrases.
Another mistake arises due to the low content of the abstract. It would seem that when formulating them, the problem should arise of how to fit everything into a small volume (1-2 pages). However, the opposite also occurs, when a person does not know how to highlight the main thing. Instead of laconic phrases logically connected to each other, he presents a whole tape of text lacking the necessary precision and brevity.

Improving thesis

Not every author spends time improving their thesis, but in vain. It is through the process of correction that your work can become deeper, more accurate, and more interesting to a potential audience. People with high self-esteem often think that they have already tried hard enough and that their work is beyond praise. To get an objective assessment, invite competent people to read your abstract and the article for which it was written. You will probably receive several valuable comments that will help you see your own work from the outside, remove unnecessary things from it and make existing provisions more meaningful.