What is the name of the ancient edged weapon? Ancient edged weapons and armor of India (42 photos). Unusual Indian dagger

The task of classical weapons is to perform defensive or offensive actions. Since the Stone Age, humanity has evolved to create models whose purpose was both specific and unique. Thus, the masters of antiquity developed special unusual edged weapons.

How did it all begin?

The history of edged weapons stretches back to the Paleolithic. Products of that time were widely used during hunting and in internecine battles. These are clubs and clubs. Daggers and knives were also created. Stone products were soon replaced by flint and bone ones. The first edged weapon of the Paleolithic was the bow, which at that time was considered the most advanced of all types of weapons and was indispensable both in hunting and in battle. With the discovery of copper and bronze, swords, maces, knives and daggers were created. A new era of edged weapons began during the era of the Roman Empire, when the main role in battles was given to the saber.

Edged weapons of the Middle Ages

In the 9th century, the evolution of the weapons of European countries was influenced by their geographical location. Due to the similarity of folk cultures, the technology for creating edged weapons by craftsmen different countries had a lot in common. The legacy of the Roman Empire made a significant contribution to this process. Also, European countries borrowed some elements of Asian weapons. Melee weapons of the Middle Ages, used in close combat, were classified according to the principle of action. As it was in ancient times.

Types of bladed weapons

Historians distinguish the following types of edged weapons:

• Shock. It includes a mace, a club, a club, a chain, a flail and a pole.
• Pricking. This type of bladed weapon can be hand-held (dirks, daggers, rapiers, stilettos and swords) or polearm (spears, pikes, spears and tridents).
• Chopping. It includes: a battle axe, a scythe and a sword.
• Piercing-cutting: saber, scimitar, halberd.
• Piercing and cutting. It includes various

Manufacturing

Expanding knowledge about the properties of metal and technologies for working with it gave gunsmiths the opportunity to experiment. Very often, weapons were made to order. This explains the presence large quantity products various forms and properties. The development of gunsmithing was influenced by the emergence of manufacturing production: Special attention master gunsmiths were now focused on combat qualities, and not on the decorative component. Nevertheless, ancient edged weapons are not without their individuality. Each such product, depending on the workshop in which it was made, had its own special feature: markings or stamps.

Any model is made for a specific purpose: for defense or offense. There are also unusual melee weapons designed to cause the enemy as much pain as possible. The geography of such creations by masters is very wide. It covers territories from Asia to Egypt and India.

What is khopesh?

This unusual bladed weapon is a sickle, based on Sumerian and Assyrian swords and axes. Khopesh was produced in Ancient Egypt.

Iron or bronze was used for work. In its design, this unusual bladed weapon had a wooden handle and a sickle, which made it possible to disarm an enemy by clinging to a shield. Also, with the help of khopesh, chopping, piercing and cutting blows were carried out. The design of the product ensured the efficiency of its use.

The khopesh was mainly used as an ax. It is very difficult to prevent a blow from such a bladed weapon; in addition, it is capable of breaking through any obstacle. In the entire blade, only its outer edge was subject to sharpening. Khopesh easily pierced the chain mail. The reverse side was capable of piercing a helmet.

Unusual Indian dagger

An unusual bladed weapon was created on Indian territory - the Qatar. This product is a type of dagger. This unique bladed weapon differs from daggers in that its handle is shaped like the letter "H" and is made of the same material as the blade.

As a support for the hand, the catarrh has two parallel thin bars. Used as being able to pierce chain mail. Possession of a catarrh indicated the high status of a warrior.

Ancient Nubian throwing knife

Klinga - this is the name given to the unusual bladed weapon used by the warriors of the Azanda tribe, which was located on the territory of ancient Nubia. This product is a throwing knife consisting of several blades.

The blade size was 550 mm. The design of this bladed weapon consisted of three blades extending in different directions from the handle. Klinga was intended to inflict the most painful blows on the enemy. The Nubian served as a very effective weapon. In addition, it was a distinctive sign confirming the high status of the owner. Klinga was used only by experienced and honored warriors.

Unique Chinese crossbow

Before the conflict with Japan (1894-1895), the warriors of China were equipped with a unique and very formidable weapon of that time - the cho-ko-nu repeating crossbow. This product used tension and release of the bowstring. The whole structure worked with one hand: the bowstring was pulled, the bolt fell into the barrel and a descent was made. Cho-ko-nu was a very effective and fast weapon: within twenty seconds, a Chinese warrior could fire about ten arrows. The distance for which this crossbow was intended reached 60 meters. In terms of its penetrating ability, cho-ko-nu gave low indicators. But at the same time, the weapon had high speed. Various poisons were often applied to the arrow tips, which made the cho-ko-nu a truly deadly weapon. If we compare this ancient Chinese product with modern similar models, then in its simplicity of design, rate of fire and ease of use, the cho-ko-nu has much in common with the Kalashnikov assault rifle.

What are macuahutl and tepupigli?

Macuahutl - this is the name given to the one used in battles by the Aztecs. In addition to the material from which it was made, the macuahutl differed from other similar weapons in the presence of pointed pieces. They were located along the entire length of the wooden blade. The size of the sword ranged from 900 to 1200 mm. Due to this, the wounds from the macuahutl were especially terrible: pieces of glass tore the flesh, and the sharpness of the blade itself was enough to cut off the enemy’s head.

Tepuspillies are another formidable weapon of the Aztecs. In its design, this product resembled a spear, consisting of a tip and a handle. The length of the handle reached the height of a person. The palm-sized blade, like the macuahutl, is equipped with very sharp pieces of obsidian. Compared with wooden sword Aztecs, the spear had a larger radius of destruction. A successful blow from a tepusaw could easily pierce a person's armor and body. The design of the tip was designed in such a way that if it entered the flesh of an enemy, the tip could not be immediately removed from the wound. According to the gunsmiths, the serrated shape of the tip was supposed to cause the enemy as much suffering as possible.

Non-lethal Japanese kakute

War rings or kakute are considered unique military items that were widely used by warriors in Japan. Kakute is a small hoop that covers the finger. The Japanese combat ring is equipped with one or three riveted spikes. Each warrior used predominantly no more than two such battle rings. One of them was worn on the thumb, and the other on the middle or index finger.

Most often, the kakute was worn on the finger with the spines inward. They were used in situations where it was necessary to capture and hold the enemy or inflict minor damage. Combat rings with spikes turned outward became serrated brass knuckles. The main task of the kakute is to suppress the enemy. These Japanese fighting rings were very popular among ninjas. Kunoichi (female ninjas) treated kakute spines with poisons, which gave them the ability to carry out fatal attacks.

Gladiator's Armlet

In ancient Rome, during gladiatorial fights, participants used a special armlet, which was also called a scissor. This unique metal product was worn at one end on the gladiator's hand, and the other end was a semicircular point. Scissor did not weigh down the hand, since it was very light. The length of the gladiator armlet was 450 mm. Skissor gave the warrior the opportunity to block and strike. Wounds from such metal armlets were not fatal, but were very painful. Each missed blow with a semicircular tip was fraught with profuse bleeding.

The history of ancient peoples knows many more types of unusual, specific weapons, which were made by ancient craftsmen in order to cause the enemy as much suffering as possible and were particularly sophisticated and effective.

In the catalog dedicated to medieval edged weapons in all their diversity, you will find long and short swords, daggers, swords, sabers and axes. Exact copies of a variety of bladed weapons and firearms created by European blacksmiths, halberds and flails - all the achievements of weapons thought from different eras are at your service at a price much lower than what is offered on the antique market.

You can safely use our hand weapons in historical reconstructions of the Middle Ages. Ammunition and armor from various eras and periods in the history of ruling dynasties. Here you will find the sword of the MacLeod clan, the armor of the Templars, and the Dags of the Viking Age.

Edged weapons of the Middle Ages

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Quality assurance

Our online store is the official seller of goods from reputable well-known manufacturers. All copies of gift edged weapons are guaranteed; before sale, all souvenirs are manually checked by our specialists. Our replicas are not inferior in quality and historical correspondence to many antique samples, be it a knife or a gun.

We wish you pleasant shopping at the "Old Knight"!

Development modern weapons is inextricably linked with the progress of scientific thought - more and more advanced samples are being created that demonstrate increasingly higher characteristics in accuracy, shot range, rate of fire, etc. Moreover, now you won’t surprise anyone with laser weapons or homing missiles. However, there are examples of weapons that were so successful and ahead of their time that they still remain in service, even more than 100 years after their invention. We'll talk about them.

Parabellum

The Luger pistol, also known as the Parabellum, is a living legend in 9x19mm caliber. This pistol was developed by Georg Luger in 1989, and was based on the pistol of designer Hugo Borchardt “Borchardt C93”, which was the world’s first successful automatic pistol.

But let’s return to the “Parabellum” - its main advantage was its very good accuracy for a pistol. This was achieved thanks to a soft trigger and an ergonomic handle, which was located at a large angle relative to the receiver - this form factor is most common among sports weapons.

“Parabellum” passed the test of the main judge - time - and turned into a model, the characteristics of which weapons designers strive to achieve. This weapon was ahead of its era not only in its combat properties, but also in terms of manufacturing features - it had a lot of milled parts, which significantly complicated the process of its production. But people were willing to pay for quality, so “Parabellum” became widespread throughout the world. Until now, samples of these weapons are kept not only by collectors, but also in military warehouses in different countries and even in Russia.

Nagant revolver

The seven-shot Nagant revolver, despite its foreign roots, is closely connected with the history of Russia. The designers, Belgian industrialists Emil and Leon Nagant, began working on the creation of a revolver back in 1878, but the model turned out to be crude and required modification. As a result, the final appearance of the revolver was formed only in 1892. At this time, rearmament began in the Russian Imperial Army, and a large batch of weapons was ordered from Leon Nagant.

However, the military had their own requirements, which included changes to the original design. In the end Russian empire bought the right to produce a revolver with a modified caliber and cocking pattern; its production began at the Tula Arms Plant.

Despite far from the best characteristics, the revolver began to enter the army. It was easy to manufacture and maintain, so it continued to be produced even after the revolution. The country needed inexpensive and mass-produced weapons, and the Nagan perfectly fit these parameters.

The production of these revolvers in the USSR was stopped only in 1960, but the number of finished weapons in warehouses made it possible for another dozen years until 2000 to equip the police, the prosecutor's office, postmen, and heads of geological expeditions with them. Private police security used Nagans until 2006. Now revolvers of this system are used by civilians as traumatic self-defense weapons. In addition, it can be obtained as a reward weapon.

Colt 1911

Colt 1911 is a famous American-made self-loading pistol, caliber .45 ACP (11.43x23 mm). It was developed and patented by weapons designer John Moses Browning in 1911, as indicated by the digital index in the name. The pistol immediately entered the US Armed Forces and soon became popular there. Soldiers and officers fell in love with this weapon for its convenience, ease of use, safety and reliability; they were also satisfied with the cartridge, which had a very high stopping effect.

The model turned out to be so successful that this pistol was officially in service for 74 years, and was replaced only in 1985. It was replaced by the Italian Beretta. But the Colt was so popular that the government officially allowed the military and police to use it, and it still works today.

The simplicity and ingenuity of the design allowed Browning's brainchild to become a platform for the development of many other weapon models, such as the Soviet TT pistol, the French Ballester-Molina or the Polish Vis.35.

"Mauser"

The Mauser K96 self-loading pistol, the creation of a German industrial genius, became another symbol of the revolution and Civil War in Russia. It was developed by the three Federle brothers, who worked for the Mauser company, back in 1895. However, it was not the brothers who received the patent for the weapon, but their boss, Peter-Paul Mauser.

The model turned out to be very reliable and effective: a wooden holster was attached to the pistol handle as a butt, and the rate of fire reached 900 rounds per minute. Thus, the pistol turned into a compact carbine.

This weapon in Russia became widespread during the revolution, becoming an integral element of the equipment of a White Guard or Bolshevik: for its combat characteristics it was loved on both sides of the barricades. This is reflected in many films and stories about those times. Comrade Sukhov from the “Mauser” was armed with White sun deserts,” Nikolai Ostrovsky’s hero Pavka Korchagin dreamed of such a weapon; the elusive avengers fired from it.

Even now, 123 years after its invention, this pistol remains in service. It can be found, for example, in Brazil, and in Russia “Mauser” is awarded as a reward weapon.

Most common rifle: M16

Country: USA
Developed: 1959
Weight: 2.88–3.4 kg (depending on modification)
Length: 986–1006mm
Caliber: 5.56 mm
Rate of fire: 700–900 rounds/min
Initial bullet speed: 948 m/s

The rifle was developed by the American company Armalite, in 1959 the Colt company began its production, in 1961 the US military department purchased an experimental batch of rifles, and in 1964 it entered service with the US Army. To this day, the M16 remains the main weapon of the American infantry. It underwent its first serious baptism of fire in Vietnam, and was subsequently used in all armed conflicts involving the United States. This is a 5.56mm automatic rifle; its automation is based on the use of the energy of powder gases. Today, there are more than 20 modifications and varieties of the rifle, and it is produced not only in the USA, but also in Canada, South Korea, China, Iran, and Germany.

The most famous machine gun: Maxim machine gun

Country: Great Britain (modification – Russia)
Developed: 1883 (modification – 1910)
Weight: 64.3 kg (44.23 – machine with shield)
Length: 1067 mm
Caliber: 7.62 mm
Rate of fire: 600 rds/min
Initial bullet speed: 740 m/s

It is difficult to say that “Maxim” is included in the list of the best riflemen of the past 100 years, because the Anglo-American inventor Hiram Maxim received the first patents for individual elements of the new weapon in the summer of 1883, and in October 1884 he demonstrated the first working model. But one of the most famous varieties of “Maxim” appeared in 1910, which allows it to “fit” into the century.

The principle of operation of the Maxim is simple and is based on the use of barrel recoil. Powder gases from the shot throw the barrel back and activate the reloading mechanism: the cartridge is removed from the belt and goes into the breech, while the bolt is cocked. The canvas belt held 450 rounds of ammunition, and the machine gun's rate of fire reached 600 rounds per minute. True, the powerful weapon was not flawless. Firstly, the barrel overheated greatly and required constant changes of water in the cooling casing. Another drawback was the complexity of the mechanism: the machine gun jammed due to various problems with reloading.

In Russia, production of the machine gun began in 1904 at the Tula plant. The most famous Russian modification of the Maxim was the 7.62 mm heavy machine gun of the 1910 model (the original caliber of the machine gun was .303 British or 7.69 mm in the metric system). In the same year, the designer, Colonel Alexander Sokolov, designed a wheeled machine gun for a machine gun - it was this machine that gave the weapon a classic look. The machine greatly simplified the issues of marching and moving a heavy machine gun from position to position.

But the total weight of the machine gun with the machine was still large - more than 60 kg, and this does not count the supply of cartridges, water for cooling, etc. Therefore, by the 1930s, the formidable weapon was rapidly becoming obsolete. The Soviet-style machine gun underwent its last modernization in 1941 and was produced in Tula and Izhevsk until the very end of World War II; it was replaced by a 7.62-mm Goryunov machine gun.
"Maxim" had many modifications: Finnish M/32-33, English "Vickers", German MG-08, 12.7 mm (large caliber) for the British Navy, etc.

The most legendary weapon of the Second World War: 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun

Country: USSR
Designed: 1941
Curb weight: 5.3 kg with drum
magazine, 4.15 kg with sector magazine
Length: 863 mm
Caliber: 7.62 mm
Rate of fire: 900 rds/min
Sighting range: 200–300 m

The predecessor of the Kalashnikov assault rifle in service with the Soviet army was the Shpagin system submachine gun (PPSh). Created to replace the Degtyarev submachine gun, the PPSh was primarily designed to simplify production as much as possible and entered service in 1941. And although the Sudaev model 1942 design (PPS) is often considered the best submachine gun of World War II, it was the PPSh that became an integral part of the image of the Soviet soldier as the only mass-produced automatic weapon of the Soviet army in the first year of the war.

Fastest firing weapon: Metal Storm MK5

Country: Australia
Developed: 2004
Number of barrels: 36
Caliber: 9 mm
Estimated rate of fire: 1,080,000 rounds/min
Theoretical maximum rate of fire: 1,620,000 rounds/min

The ultra-high-speed weapon of the Australian company Metal Storm Limited is unlikely to ever go into mass production, but it cannot be ignored. The founder of the company, James Michael O'Dwyer, invented and patented a rapid fire system, the theoretical rate of fire of which reaches 1,000,000 rounds/min. The Metal Storm machine gun has no moving mechanical parts, each barrel simultaneously holds several cartridges, and shots are fired via an electronic pulse. The critical problem that the developers faced was the impossibility of supplying such a number of cartridges in a timely manner. Therefore, the rate of fire shown in tests is calculated, and the functionality of the “iron storm” is nullified when used in real combat. However, the company is developing in various directions and is using Metal Storm technologies in weapons that have a more realistic chance of being included in the series.

Most popular pistol: Colt M1911

Country: USA
Designed: 1911
Weight: 1.075 kg
Length: 216 mm
Caliber: 45
Initial bullet speed: 253 m/s
Sighting range: 50 m

One of the most popular pistols in the world is the M1911 designed by John Browning and chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge (11.43 x 23 mm). This weapon was in service with the US Army from 1911 to 1990, and the pistol has not undergone any modernization since 1926. Despite the name of the developer, the pistol was produced by Colt factories and entered the market precisely as the “Colt M1911”. Its main advantage was its design simplicity and fault tolerance. The pistol was in service in more than 40 countries around the world and is extremely popular to this day.

The most multi-shot gas pistol: Reck Miami 92 F

Country: Germany
Weight without cartridges: 1.14 kg
Length: 215 mm
Caliber: 8, 9, 15 mm
Food: magazine for 11 (for the 9 mm version), 18, 20, 24, 28 rounds

RECK Miami 92F is a gas pistol manufactured by the German company Umarex, which is an exact copy of the classic Beretta 92 pistol. RECK gas pistols come in 8 and 9 mm calibers. The 9mm version has a completely ordinary magazine with a capacity of 11 rounds, but 8mm RECK Miami magazines can hold from 18 to 28 (!) rounds, depending on the modification. Apart from prototypes, oddities and a 40-round magazine for the Mauser, the RECK Miami 92F has no competitors in the field of multi-charging.

Fastest-firing production weapon: M134 Minigun

Country: USA
Designed: 1962
Weight: 24–30 kg (machine gun body with electric motor and power mechanism)
Length: 801 mm
Caliber: 7.62 mm (0.308)
Rate of fire: from 300 to 6000 rounds/min (effective –
3000–4000)
Initial bullet speed: 869 m/s

Of course, prototypes can be much faster-firing, but among production weapons, the aircraft machine guns of the M134 Minigun series are considered to be among the record holders for this indicator. These 7.62 mm six-barreled machine guns operate in a Gatling design and are capable of firing up to 6,000 rounds per minute. A new cartridge is fed into the upper (cooled) barrel, and the shot is fired from below. The rotation of the barrels is provided by an electric drive. The M134 received its baptism of fire in the Vietnam War. By the way, contrary to misconceptions, in “Predator” and “Terminator” it is not this machine gun that is used, but its younger brother, the XM214 Microgun, which did not go into production.

The most officer's pistol: Mauser C96

Country: Germany
Designed: 1896
Weight without cartridges: 1.13 kg
Length: 288 mm
Cartridge: 7.63 x 25 mm, 9 mm x 25 mm, etc.
Initial bullet speed: 425 m/s
Sighting range: 150–200 m without stock

The Mauser C96 evokes in us a strong association with a man in a leather jacket and the abbreviation Cheka. This model began to be produced in Germany in 1896; the pistol stood out for its excellent accuracy, high effective firing range, and “survivability”; Its main disadvantages were bulkiness and serious mass. What is surprising is that the Mauser was not officially in service with any army in the world (maximum - partial local use), while more than a million copies were produced, and officers from different countries preferred it as a personal weapon to all competitors.

The most famous repeating rifle: M1 Garand

Country: USA
Developed: 1936
Weight: 4.31–5.3 kg (depending on modification)
Length: 1104 mm
Caliber: 7.62 mm
Initial bullet speed: 853 m/s
Effective firing range: 400 m

The American M1 Garand rifle is the first self-loading rifle adopted as the main infantry weapon. It took a long time to implement: in 1929, designer John Garand built the first prototype, but it only reached serial production and service in 1936; Numerous modifications did not give the desired effect, and the new weapon constantly failed. Only the M1 generation, which was modified and put into production in 1941, gained popularity. It is still used as a sporting weapon to this day.

Most common weapon: Kalashnikov assault rifle

Country: USSR
Developed: 1974 (modification of AK-74)
Curb weight: 3.5–5.9 kg
Length: 940 mm (without bayonet)
Caliber: 5.45 mm
Rate of fire: about 600 rds/min
Sighting range: 1000 m

The Kalashnikov assault rifle, the most widely used small arms in the world, has gained extraordinary popularity due to its reliability and ease of maintenance and has been produced in quantities of more than 100 million copies. There are several dozen of its modifications; in the original version (AK-47) it had a caliber of 7.62 mm, but the AK-74 modification uses a 5.45 mm cartridge, and in the “hundredth” series variants it also uses a 5.56 mm cartridge. In addition to the USSR, the machine gun was produced in Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, China, Poland, North Korea, Yugoslavia, and it was used in almost all countries of the world and in almost all armed conflicts of the second half of the 20th century.

Since ancient times, people have made and used various types of weapons. With its help, a person obtained food, defended himself from enemies, and protected his home. In the article we will look at ancient weapons - some of their types that have been preserved from past centuries and are in the collections of special museums.

From stick to club

Initially, man's first weapon was an ordinary strong stick. Over time, for convenience and greater efficiency, they began to weigh it down and give it a convenient shape. By shifting the center of gravity to the end of the gun, maximum acceleration and a heavier impact were achieved. This is how an ancient weapon appeared - the club. For use in collisions with enemies, wedges made of stone or metal were driven into the branch. Manufacturing was cheap and did not require any specific skills in use. Any strong man could use it, unlike the javelin, the throwing of which had to be practiced in advance.

Bogatyrskaya mace

Due to the constant conquest of territories and the outbreak of wars, the requirements for weapons as a destructive instrument grew. The wooden club could not cope with the tasks assigned to it. Therefore, they began to shackle it with iron and equip it with spikes. This is how the next ancient Russian weapon arose, which began to be called a mace. At the end of its handle there was a stone or metal pommel with spikes or iron feathers. Reasonable distribution of force made it possible to shorten the weapon. There was no need to carry it on the shoulder; it was enough to tuck the mace into the belt. In addition, its effectiveness sometimes exceeded the quality of the sword. A blow with a mace stopped an enemy faster than a slash through armor with a sword.

Melee Weapons

Along with the club, the warriors used such ancient edged weapons as an ax and a sword. A poleaxe is a battle ax that was used in close combat. The chopping part of this weapon is made in the shape of a crescent. The usefulness of the ax was that the rounded blade could cut through helmets and shields without getting stuck in them. The handle of the ax differed from the ax handle in that it was straight and convenient for interception from one hand to the other. Balance was maintained due to either the heaviness of the butt or the presence of a second blade. The chopping blows of the ax were very effective, but they took a lot of strength from the warrior. It was impossible to swing it as often as a sword. The advantages were that the ax was easy to forge, and the dull blade did not reduce the force of the blow. The ax was capable of breaking the neck and ribs under the armor.

It is worth noting here that such a sword, although it was a combat sword, was created using expensive technology, and only mercenaries and the aristocracy had it. He was capable of delivering cutting, slashing and stabbing blows. Swords appeared in Rus' in the middle of the 8th century thanks to Scandinavian warriors, who exchanged them for beaver and fox fur. Their origin is evidenced by the marks found on blades found on Russian lands. The remaining parts of the swords were produced or improved by ancient Russian craftsmen. Later, the sword was replaced by the saber, which Russian warriors borrowed from the Tatars.

When it smelled like gunpowder

With the invention of gunpowder in the 10th-12th centuries, ancient firearms arose, which began to be used in China. The first use of cannons in Rus' is mentioned in the description during a clash with Khan Tokhtamysh in 1382. Such a weapon was called a handbrake. It was a metal tube with a handle. Gunpowder poured into the barrel was set on fire through a special hole with a hot rod.

At the beginning of the 15th century in Europe, a matchlock and then a wheel lock appeared to set fire to contents. When the trigger was pressed, the cocked spring launched a wheel, which, in turn, rotated and rubbed against the flint, striking sparks. At the same time, the gunpowder ignited. It was a complex ancient weapon that could not replace the matchlock, but became the prototype of pistols.

The impact flint lock appeared in the middle of the 16th century. In it, the sparks that ignited the gunpowder were struck by a flint located inside the trigger and striking the flint. The cartridge, which contained a lead bullet and a charge of gunpowder, was introduced into use at the end of the 17th century. Later the weapon was equipped with a bayonet, which made it possible to participate in close combat. In the Russian army, the principle of operation of weapons did not change, the differences were only in certain types designs that suit each