The true essence of the biblical (Judeo-Christian) god. Who is the god Yahweh? Ten Commandments of God's Law

The patron god of the Jews, Yahweh, is the god of the Old Testament, who had many names. His cult existed even before the unification of the Jewish tribes in Israel.

Cult of the god Yahweh

Initially, the people who worshiped Yahweh lived in the Jewish tribe. The remaining Jewish tribes honored other gods - Shaddai, Anat, Tammuz, Moloch. Yahweh was then depicted as a bull and a lion. After the descendants of Judah became the pioneers of the unification of the entire people of Israel, it was this deity who became the patron saint of the entire kingdom of Israel. At the same time, his appearance- the bull has now turned into a man.

Jews believe that the god Yahweh lived there; therefore, it was there that worship services took place, which included the obligatory bloody sacrifices. In this case, both animals and people were sacrificed, who were mainly enemies of the Jewish people.

At the same time, Yahweh often communicated directly with people, descending from the sky in the form of a pillar of fire or light. Moses enjoyed his special love - it was to him that this god first told his name, then he helped lead his people out of Egypt, and in addition, he gave the tablets with the commandments. These events are described in detail in the Old Testament.

It is interesting that modern researchers who have studied the New Testament in detail say that in these parts of the Bible the god Yahweh is described in completely different ways, while some main events, such as the creation of the world, also diverge. Therefore, a huge number of assumptions arose about who this woman was. high power. According to some researchers, it was a cruel demon demanding bloody sacrifices.

According to the second version, the god Yahweh received extraterrestrial origin. There are several facts that prove this theory:

• the image of a disc-shaped flying machine is found on church paintings and ancient icons;
• in the book of Ezekiel the description of the “Glory of the Lord” is remarkably similar to the description of a modern flying machine;
• the rules of the god Yahweh suggest that he can infect a person with serious diseases, as well as cure him;
• Yahweh addresses people as “sons of men,” while distancing himself from them.

Today, the people who worshiped one god, Yahweh, are only the well-known Jehovah's Witnesses.

West Semitic mythology

There are sources that say that the Almighty had a wife, or rather, 2 spouses at once. This is Asherah and Anat. According to some researchers, among the ancient Jews, during the transition to monotheism, he was the only god who had a spouse. Some sources indicate that she was Anat, another part - Asherah. At the same time, in the Old Testament it was mentioned about the worship of the Jews of the “Queen of Heaven” - this is precisely what he fought against

At the same time, archaeological evidence suggests that her cult was widespread in Palestine until about the 6th century BC. e. Despite this, there is confusion among researchers between the names of the goddesses themselves, which differ in Ugaritic mythology.

Correspondences with other deities

Most likely, his veneration was widespread not only among the ancient Jews; in addition, it was also found among some West Semitic tribes. For example, among the Phoenicians it is designated by the name Yevo. He was also responsible for the element of the sea and was the patron saint of Beirut, where texts entirely dedicated to Yevo were later discovered. They were created under the influence of various myths about Baal-Haddad, the son of Ilu.

For the latter, the name passed into Hebrew in a common noun form, directly meaning “god,” while the functions of Ilu were absorbed by Yahweh. He was considered the patron of the Israeli tribal union in Palestine and, most likely, was the patron of Edom there. Fights leviathan and the sea (Yammu) and wins a crushing victory. In Canaan and Ugarit, the god Yahweh was called Yammu - he was defeated in the battle with Baal.

In the Old Testament

In the Old Testament, Yahweh (usually translated as "Lord") is the monotheistic personal God of the people of Israel who led the Jews out of Egypt and also gave the divine Law to Moses. It is interesting that the cult of Yahweh is contrasted with the negatively assessed cults of other Semitic deities. Moreover, the history of the relationship between the inhabitants of Israel and this god constitutes the main plot of the Old Testament.

In the Bible, Yahweh actually participates in the life of Israel and other nations, gives commandments, reveals himself to the prophets, and punishes disobedience. The perception of the personality of this Old Testament god differed in different philosophical and religious teachings. For example, from the point of view of Christianity, its continuity was emphasized in comparison with the concept of an omnipotent higher power.

Christianity

The name Yahweh in orthodox Christianity belongs to all 3 persons of the Godhead. It is worth noting that the Son of God (before the incarnation, Jesus) appeared to Moses and the prophets under the name Yahweh. Yahweh is the lawgiver, creator of the world, deity, protector, powerful and supreme ruler. The Synodal translation conveys the tetragram with the word “Lord.”

In the Christian world, the pronunciation “Jehovah” has been used for about 200 years, although in many translations of the Bible into Russian it is quite rare and is replaced by other names (mostly “Lord”).

Thus says the Lord God of Israel:
...I will completely destroy all nations,
among whom I settled you...
Old Testament

Initially the head of the Hebrew pantheon was the pan-Semitic Supreme God Al, in Hebrew Eloah or Elohim: this word itself in all varieties means the same thing - God. Moses taught Jews to worship another being - Yahweh(Yahoo or Yahoo). “And Moses built an altar and called it by the name of Jehovah-NISSI!” or Iao-Nisi... The Bronze Serpent was called “nis”, and the month of the Jewish Passover was called Nisan. In Palestine this Israelite god was called Yevo, and in ancient Ugaritic texts - Yammu. All these names come from the name of the Aryan deity of death Yama(i.e. pit, grave).

Historian M.B. Meilah writes: “According to various researchers, a god named Yahweh was initially revered as a god only by one of the ancient Hebrew tribes - the tribe of Judah, and only later became the main deity, the patron god of the ancient Israeli tribal union.” From the 3rd century. BC. pronouncing the name of Yahweh was completely prohibited, as it was believed that this would inevitably lead to death.

In the Russian translation, which in turn comes from the Greek translation of the Bible (the so-called Septuagint), it is given a different shade of meaning this name, changing the rank of the tribal god to the universal one and reads as “ Lord».

In the middle of the 1st millennium AD. The keepers of Jewish Old Testament customs invented special signs to designate vowels and added vowels from the word “to the consonants in the name Yahweh.” adonai", which means "My Lord".

As a result, when the biblical text was vocalized in the 7th century. AD Masoretes, tetragram YHWH, by which, according to the laws of Jewish writing, the name “ Yahweh", found in the Bible about 7 thousand times, received a sound that never really existed " Jehovah"(usually written - " Jehovah"). However Yama's name– Yahweh, Yahoo, Yahoo to this day continues to exist V proper names, such as Yehosef ( Joseph- “Yahweh will add”), Eliyahu ( Ilya- “my god is Yahweh”), Yehohanan (John, Ivan– “Yahweh be merciful”), etc.

In the Old Testament traditions, Yahweh (Yama) is presented as the king and leader of Israel, and his name was usually accompanied by the definition “ tsevaot", which means "Yahweh of Hosts". Subsequently, through the Greek reproduction of the Hebrew “tzevaot” the expression “ lord hosts", which has survived to our times.

In the Apocrypha of John Jesus Christ in great detail explains demonic origins this Jewish tribal god hosts, accepted by modern Jewish Christians for the Creator: “Sophia Epinoia, being an aeon... wanted to discover in herself image without the will of the Spirit- he did not approve - and without his consent, without his thoughts. And although the face of her masculinity did not approve and she did not find her consent and conceived without the will of the Spirit and the knowledge of her consent, she brought it out. And because of the invincible power that is in her, her thought did not remain fruitless, and a IMPERFECT WORK and different from her kind, for she created it without the consent of her companion. And it was unlike the image of his mother, for it was of a different form. When she saw her will, it took on an INCORPORATE APPEARANCE - a SNAKE WITH THE FACE OF A LION. His eyes were like the sparkling lights of lightning. She threw him away from her, beyond these places, so that none of the immortals would see him, FOR SHE CREATED HIM IN IGNORANCE. And she surrounded him with a bright cloud and placed the throne in the middle of the cloud, so that no one could see him except the Holy Spirit, who is called the mother of the living. And she called him by name Ialtabaoth. This is the first archon who took great power from his mother. And he moved away from her and moved away from the places where he was born. He became strong and created for himself other eons in the flame of bright fire, (where) he remains to this day.

AND HE CONNECTED WITH HIS MADNESS THAT IS IN HIM AND GENERATED POWERS FOR HIMSELF. First and her name is Afoth, whom generations call. ... Second– Harmas, which means the eye of jealousy. Third- Kalila-Umbri. Fourth- Jabel. Fifth“Adonai, WHO IS CALLED SABAOTH... WITH THE FORM OF A DRAGON.”

Coptic Gnostic texts"On the Origin of the World" states that hosts, called the "CHILD OF CHAOS", is son of Samael- an evil demiurge, a planetary demon, the lord of the lower part of the underworld and chaos. According to the Jewish “Midrash Rabbah” to “Deuteronomy” (11.10), Samael himself is considered the head of all the Satanic archons, the authorities. Slavic “Book of Baruch” calls Samael "Sataniel".

In the Old Testament it is said that Yahweh-Adonai-Jehovah-Savaoth is the Angel of the Lord, moreover, clearly TO THE FALLEN An angel. For: Firstly, he separates his chosen people - the Israelites, that is, the God-fighters (in Hebrew the word “ Israel" - God-fighter), from all other peoples; Secondly, promises his godless people a land belonging to the Slavic-Aryans; Thirdly, teaches his people how to rob the Egyptians through fraud: “And I will give this people (that is, the Israelites - author's note) mercy in the eyes of the Egyptians; and when you go (i.e., run away from the Egyptians), you will not go empty-handed. Each woman (Israelite) will ask from her neighbor and from those living in her house (i.e., from the Egyptians) silver and gold items and clothing; and you will dress your sons and your daughters with them, and YOU WILL WISH the Egyptians.” Will a bright Angel, and especially God, teach such things to anyone?

Besides meanness and deceit Hosts, as is clear from the texts of the Old Testament, also have extraordinary cruelty, bloodthirstiness, vindictiveness and injustice, which permeate the commands of Hosts-Adonai-Yahweh-Jehovah to his people. To the son of Abraham and Sarah, this Israeli god, who, by the way, fights people in the darkness and afraid of the light of dawn, says: “...from now on your name will not be Jacob, but Israel; for you have fought with God, and you will overcome men.” The real reason, which prompted Hosts to intervene in the spiritual development of people, is clearly indicated by him in Genesis (3.22): “Behold, Man became like one of us, knowing good and evil. And now, lest he stretch out his hand and also take from the Tree of Life, and begin to live forever!” So Yahweh-Jehovah-Sabaoth, having become jealous in his pride of people towards the Most High and Eternal Life, began to tempt them in his personal image - in the form of a dragon-serpent, to deprive people of immortality, that is, to make them subject to themselves. In his aspirations, he went against the will of the Almighty and for this was cast down from heaven to earth, thus becoming the god of death and the prince of this world. In the Vedas this world is called “ Mrityu-loka", that is, the world of the god of Death Yama. It is no coincidence that the Jewish exclamation of praise “maranatha” - “Our Lord is coming!” is consonant with the name of the Slavic-Aryan goddess of death - Marana (hence - madder, insanity, marat, frost, morgue, pestilence, etc.) That is why Hosts and declares: “I am a great King, and My name is terrible among the nations.”

Therefore, the feeling that arises when communicating with this misanthropic entity is defined in the Jewish concept by the word “ burrows" - translated from Hebrew: " Fear of the Lord”, in which horror, awe and admiration are simultaneously present.

It feels like this can only be experienced in front of the deadly dragon's face. In the face of the Almighty God, the Progenitor of the whole world, the Heavenly Father who loves us endlessly, like the sensations are unnatural.

As Yu.P. writes Mirolyubov in “Russian Mythology”, our ancestors believed that “Slavic-Russians should not tremble before God the Father, for He is their GREAT GREAT GRANDFATHER. GRANDFATHERS AND GREAT-GRANDFATHERS, SCHURAS AND GRANDFATHERS COME TO THE HELP OF THEIR GREAT-GRANDCHILDREN.”

God Almighty, Father of all things, highlight any " chosen one" people will not, “for He makes His sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust.”

hosts same speaks to his people: “Hear, O Israel: you are now going beyond the Jordan to go and take possession of nations that are greater and stronger than you... Know now that the Lord your God goes before you like a consuming fire; He will destroy them before you, and you will drive them out and destroy them quickly, as the Lord told you.” “... follow him through the city and strike him; Let not your eye spare, and have no mercy; Beat the old man, the young man and the maiden, and the baby, and the wives to death...” “And Joshua smote all the land of the hills, and the desert, and the low places, and the land that lay by the mountains, and all their kings; He left no one who would survive, and he consigned everything that breathed to the curse, as the Lord, the God of Israel, commanded. Punisher Lord».

To my first slave – Moses this god of death says: “From this day on I will begin to spread fear and horror of you to the nations under all heaven; those who hear about you will tremble and be terrified of you.” “...At midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt... there was not a house where there was not a dead man.” “...When the Lord your God brings you into the land where you are going to take possession of it, and drives out from before you many nations... which are more numerous and stronger than you, and the Lord your God gives them to you, and you will defeat them: then put them to the curse, do not enter into an alliance with them and do not spare them... And you will destroy all the nations that the Lord your God is giving you; let not your eye spare them.”

Same misanthropic the spirit of Yahweh-Jehovah-Sabaoth is saturated in the text of both the Old Testament and everyone else Jewish "holy" scriptures. Nevertheless, the Jewish Christians still imposed this exclusively Jewish tribal god on many peoples as the only true God, the Creator of heaven and earth - the God of all gods and all peoples. But no matter how hard the Judeo-Christian “theologians” tried to distance themselves from the tribal limitations of Judaism and raise the Biblical God to the idea of ​​universality, they could not obscure what in the Bible constitutes its fundamental essence - the Judeo-tribal character, aimed at isolating and opposing the sons of Israel to other nations, first of all – to the Slavs and Aryans. Hosts-Yahweh-Jehovah, in his efforts to preserve the advantages of his “God-chosen” people, shows his true essence, for a conscientious examination of his deeds leads to the conclusion that this god suffers necrophilia– attraction to destruction and death.

That is why our ancestors said: “Jago-Savaoth-Adonai, go and bark at that Tartara beast,” i.e. “Jehovah-Sabaoth-Adonai let him lie (viciously lie) in that tartar (hell), a dirty animal” (mud – silt, dirt).”

This inscription was embossed with the Slavic-Aryan runic on a cameo depicted by Ulrich Friedrich Kopp placed it on the title page of his book.

The same text is given in the book by Fadey Volansky “Monuments of the writing of the Slavs before the birth of Christ.”

F. Volansky in “Letters on Slavic Antiquities” describes 16th century printed sign on paper with an inscription written in the alphabet of Cyril and Methodius. This sign depicts a human head with an angry expression on its face, shaggy, rearing serpentine hair, horns between which is depicted the six-pointed star of Israel, and two clawed dragon paws, in which the “omega” sign is clamped, simultaneously meaning both “God” and “the end.” . Around the head there is an inscription: “God I created (this) Israel (the sign).

Such images are known to researchers as serpentine amulets. Their characteristic feature is the opposition of Jesus Christ and the Christian saints to the monster Medusa the Gorgon, personifying the devil: saints are depicted on the front side, and the Gorgon is depicted on the back side of the amulet. As scientists, astrologers and witches know, left eye of the Gorgon – « beta"constellation Perseus - as if blinking from time to time, that is, it changes in brightness, being a variable star. All nations call it " devil's star", because its radiation, according to legend, brings death. That's why Victory Day is celebrated on May 9, when the Sun is in conjunction with this star, defeating and eliminating its malefic influence. A The day of the seizure of power by the Jewish Freemasons in Russia is celebrated on November 7, for the Earth on this ill-fated day is under the influence of the “beta” of the Gorgon - “ devil stars" Hence the winged Lenin's saying: “Yesterday it was too early to make a revolution, but tomorrow it will be too late.”

This seal indicates that Israel was created by Medusa the Gorgon, that is the devil. This is an Israeli six-pointed star called Mochin Dovid (shield of David) and consisting of two equilateral similar triangles. Each of these triangles has 3 sides, 3 angles and 3 vertices, and in two triangles, therefore, there will be 6 sides, 6 corners and 6 vertices.

Number 6 In an equilateral triangle there is a signifier of the angle, which is equal to 60 degrees. Thus, the number 6, repeated three times, that is 666, is the capital sign of the star of God-fighter Israel (Mokhin-Dovid), the seal of the Antichrist. In “Revelation” (XIII, 16-18) it is said: “And he (the beast) will cause all, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on right hand them, or on their foreheads, and that no one will be able to buy or sell except the one who has the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom, let him who has understanding count the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man. The number is six hundred and sixty-six."

That's why Volansky advises at the end of the description of this image: " Reset it on my responsibility from the Slavic-Lithuanian Olympus in hell“That’s where he belongs!”

Jesus Christ says the same thing to the Jews.: « Your father is the devil and you want to do the lusts of your father; he was a murderer (i.e., the god of death) from the beginning and did not stand in the truth, for there is no truth in him; when he tells a lie, he speaks his own way, for he is a liar and the father of lies.”

Prophet Jeremiah He also speaks about his fellow Jews: “... I would leave my people and go away from them: for they are adulterers, a crowd of treacherous ones. Like a bow, they stretch out their tongue to lie, they become strong on earth in unrighteousness; for they pass from one evil to another, and they do not know Me, says the Lord. Every man beware of his friend, and trust not one of his brothers; For every brother causes another to stumble, and every friend spreads slander. Everyone deceives his friend, and they do not tell the truth: they have trained their tongue to speak lies, they deceive themselves until they are tired.”

That is why in one of Cretan texts, made by Slavic runica, our ancestors bequeathed: “DO NOT GIVE YOURSELF AN HOUR TO LIVE FOR THE SHADOW” - “Do not give yourself an hour to live for glory (the banner, since Eastern Slavs“shadow” – banner) Yeh (i.e. Yehovah-Yahweh-Sabaoth).”

Human experience clearly shows that the fate of any people who accepted the power of such a god, has always been terrible, for his power inevitably leads the people to self-destruction. After all, when a person during prayer says out loud or in mind any name of the Most High God, characterizing one of His qualities, for example: “God” - Rich; “Alpan” – Supreme Master; “Allah” – Supreme Spirit; “Vishnu” – Supreme; "Brahmo" - Supreme; “Sventovit” – Light-Winner; "Trimurti" - Triune; or – “All-Merciful”, “All-Loving”, “All-Good”, “Fair”, etc., then such a prayer certainly goes to the Almighty- The progenitor of all gods and people. But when a person utters a specific name of a demon in prayer, For example: " Satan" - opposing, " Lucifer" - sparkling, " hosts» – rejected from glory, child of chaos; the name of a god, for example: “ Buddha" - Awakened, " Christ" - Savior, " Dazhbog" - Giving God (Sun), " Perun» – First (the closest of the ancestral gods); " Beloyar" - White light; " Kupala" – Uniting (hence: totality, together), " Lado" - Loving, " Kolyada» – Circular (meaning “colo” – wheel, circle, i.e. the orbit of the planet), etc. - even if in his ignorance he thinks that he is turning to the Most High God - the Progenitor of all gods, then nevertheless, the spiritual power of such a prayer and the life force of the person praying goes to the so-called demon or god, and not to the Almighty.

If this were not so, then both pagans and obvious Satanists, worshiping idols, idols and demons, and at the same time sincerely believing that they are worshiping the REAL Most High God, would really turn to the Most High.

However, the Vedas emphasize that the one who worships demons, goes to the demons; Who worships the gods, will be born among the gods; who worships the Almighty, will live with Him.

Judeo-Christians, perfectly understanding this pattern, clearly define both their god and their master: “Although there are so-called gods, either in heaven or on earth (avatars-messiahs), since there are many gods and many lords, but We have one God the Father (Sabaoth), from whom are all (Jews), and we are to Him, and one Lord Jesus Christ" But Lord Jesus came to earth only as the Jewish Savior, for he clearly defined the purpose of his earthly incarnation with the statement: “ I was sent ONLY to the lost sheep of the house of Israel“, of whom, as Christ himself claims, there are only “one hundred and forty-four thousand from all the tribes of the children of Israel.” For this “God’s chosen people” heavenly Jerusalem created, and for foreigners (goyim) - sheep not of his “small flock” - only the backyards are reserved, for Christ himself says: “I do not pray for the whole world, but for those whom You have given Me,” “for I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance: it is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick.”

Children from all Clans of the Great Race
and wise descendants of the Heavenly Family,
you are always free in your Souls
and in all creative deeds,
and our Bright Gods established this.
No one coming from outside
did not teach the Ancient Clans our Consciences
and therefore cannot be free over it.

Word of Wisdom of the Magus Velimudra.
Slavic-Aryan Vedas. Book 3.

Who wrote the Ten Commandments?

The Bible, which many consider to be the universal basis of morality and legality, plays an increasingly prominent role in modern culture. In particular, they note special meaning the so-called Decalogue, the famous Ten Commandments, allegedly transmitted to the Jewish patriarch Moses by God himself on Mount Sinai (Bible, Exodus, ch. 20). An opinion has been established in society (created by church leaders) that these commandments should at all times regulate relations between all people. However, upon closer examination, it turns out that the content of the Decalogue is closely related to antiquity and is hardly applicable in our time.

Already the first commandment indicates that its object is only the Jewish people: “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery...”. This refers to the events described in the first book of the Old Testament, associated with the flight of the Jews from Egyptian captivity - a legendary event that, as scientists say, occurred in a very distant era. The commandment consolidates in the consciousness of this particular people the leading role of the main deity of their mythology (it gradually transformed into the only God). The second commandment requires Jews to faithfully serve this God, who threatens to punish “the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generation.” In the old days, such punishment for violators of the sacred will was considered normal. But the question arises: how justified is this demand for long-term revenge from the point of view of our modern concepts of justice? Are we ready today to bear responsibility for the actions of our grandfathers, whom we did not even know personally?

The third commandment prohibits taking God's name in vain (in vain) and threatens punishment for those who do so. A strange requirement, since it is not specifically explained what should be considered a vain pronunciation of the sacred name. Interpretations of this subject can be very wide. It is possible that ancient Jewish society knew the exact meaning of this prohibition, but over time it was forgotten. And now the name of God is pronounced to whomever and however they please, without fear of violating this incomprehensible commandment. He is called Jehovah, Yahweh, the Most High, etc. The fourth commandment relates to honoring the Sabbath as God's resting time after the creation of the world. According to it, no one should work on this day, including slaves and livestock. The author of this provision clearly did not foresee that slavery would be abolished in the future, and Saturday in Christian churches would be replaced by Sunday. Moreover, their leaders no longer demand that Christian believers completely renounce doing anything on Sunday. Currently, only Jews and some Christian sectarians honor the Sabbath as a holy day. This means that in the practice of most biblical confessions there is an actual refusal to fulfill this archaic commandment.

In the fifth commandment, which deals with honoring parents, the following motivation is given: “so that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.” Consequently, this commandment also concerns only Jews, since the Old Testament tells how the country of Canaan (Palestine), by the will of God, was conquered by Jewish tribes under the leadership of the commander Joshua. Moreover, Jews living in diaspora countries, apparently, also cannot attribute it to their own account.

Commandments 6-8 contain brief prohibitions on theft, murder and adultery (cheating on one's spouse). It is clear that in any society these unworthy acts are condemned and punished, regardless of whether the Bible is known in it. These simple moral and legal norms are accepted in any country as a condition for a normal life. It is not at all necessary to refer to the will of God. The same applies to the ninth commandment, which condemns false witnesses. Finally, the tenth commandment is actually a duplication of the eighth: it sets out in more detail the requirement to refrain from appropriating the property of others. Moreover, this property includes slaves, wives, oxen and donkeys. And here it is obvious that this commandment appeared in a country where slavery was legalized, and oxen and donkeys were considered the most valuable property. Wives there were also considered objects of living property, along with slaves and donkeys. Such a country was ancient Judea, in which all ten commandments arose as primitive legislation. This happened shortly after the Jews settled the country they conquered, Canaan. The new state needed laws to regulate its entire life. To give authority and significance to their laws, their real authors - the leaders of the people and the priests of the temple cult - decided that the source of law and morality was the God of the ancient Jews himself - Yahweh.

It was general principle in the legal practice of all ancient countries. Social laws, as a rule, were proclaimed to come from the gods revered in a given society. This was the case in Egypt, Babylon, China, India and everywhere else.

Due to a confluence of historical circumstances, the ancient Jewish legislation from the book of Exodus, many centuries later, began to be used in its interests by the Christian church. This was facilitated by the main idea of ​​the Decalogue - people must submit to the will of God, and the latter, of course, turned out to be aimed at protecting private property, social inequality and the privileges of the clergy. Therefore, in so-called Christian countries, for a long time, the church has educated people in the spirit of recognizing the Ten Commandments as a manifestation of God's will. The priests of Christian and other biblical organizations are trying to do the same thing now.

In our enlightened era in civilized countries, legislation is based on the principle of protecting the rights of any person, regardless of his attitude to religion. This, of course, contradicts the notorious Ten Commandments, which, like the Bible as a whole, are reserved for cultured people only historical interest, as evidence of the moral principles and worldview of the early periods of human society.

Arkady Tsoglin,
Saratov

http://ateism.ru/article.htm?no=1864

Ten Commandments of Moses

The Ten Commandments of Moses (Decalogue, Decalogue) are set out in the Bible in three versions: in Exodus, 20:1-17; in Exodus, 34:1-26 and in Deuteronomy, 5:1-25. The first and third versions of the commandments are close to each other, but the second in many ways does not correspond to the first and third options.

The Orthodox Church gives the following interpretation of the biblical Decalogue:

Ten Commandments of God's Law

1. I am the Lord your God; let there not be any gods for you, unless Mene.

2. Thou shalt not make for thyself an idol* or any likeness, such as the tree in heaven, and the tree below on earth, and the tree in the waters under the earth: thou shalt not bow down to them, nor serve them.

*Note: In all Catholic textbooks and catechisms, the second commandment about “idols” is omitted so as not to confuse believers with the cult of worship of icons, sculptures and other images of God, angels and saints - E.D.

3. Thou shalt not take* the name of the Lord thy God in vain.

*Note: Since in Orthodox Church abuse the pronunciation of the name of the Lord God - during worship it is prescribed to pronounce the name of the Lord God three times in a row, and ten times in a row, and forty times in a row - then the clergy translate “do not pronounce” and interpret it to believers as “do not accept.” In Judaism, in accordance with the third commandment, Jewish believers are not allowed not only to pronounce the word “God,” but also to write it - E.D.

4. Remember the Sabbath day*, and keep it holy: you shall do six days, and in them you shall do all your work; but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, shall be to the Lord your God..

*Note: By order of Emperor Theodosius, the Christian Church, in accordance with the tradition of the Roman Empire, from the end of the 4th century declared Sunday (Sun Day) a day off and a holiday instead of Saturday (Saturn Day). And therefore this commandment is presented to believers as “Remember the Sunday Day.” –E.D.

5. Honor your father and your mother, may you be well, and may you live long on earth.

6. Thou shalt not kill.

7. Don't commit adultery.

8. Don't steal.

9. Do not listen to your friend's false testimony.

10. Thou shalt not covet thy true wife, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, nor his village, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor any of his livestock, nor anything that is thy neighbor's.. *

Note: In the Catholic Church, the 10th commandment is divided into two commandments: a) You shall not covet your sincere wife and b) You shall not covet your neighbor’s house... - E.D.

The Ten Commandments of the Law were placed on two tablets * because they contain two types of love: love for God and love for neighbor.

Note: In the Orthodox Church, 4 commandments are written on the first tablet, and 6 on the second. In the Catholic and Uniate Church: on the first tablet there are Three (without the second) commandments, and on the second - 7 (two of the 10th commandments are made). The numbers are written in the iconographic image: “ IV" and " VI "among the Orthodox; " III" and " VII "for Catholics - E.D.

Pointing to these two types of love, the Lord Jesus Christ, when asked which commandment is greatest in the law, said: " love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. The second is similar to it: love your neighbor as yourself. All the law and the prophets rest on these two commandments." (Matt. 22, 37-40).

We must love God first of all and most of all, because He is our Creator, Provider and Savior,” In it we live, and move, and have our being."(Acts 17:28).

Then must follow love for our neighbor, which serves as an expression of our love for God. He who does not love his neighbor does not love God. The Holy Apostle John the Theologian explains: " Who says, “I love God,” but brother ( i.e. neighbor ) hates his own, he is a liar; For he who does not love his brother whom he sees, how can he love God whom he does not see?"(1 John 4:20).

By loving God and our neighbors, we thereby reveal the true self love, because true self-love consists of fulfilling our duties to God and our neighbors. It is expressed in caring for one’s soul, in cleansing oneself from sins, in subordinating the body to the spirit, in limiting personal needs. We must take care of our health and take care of the development of our mental strength and abilities in order to better demonstrate our love for God and our neighbors.

Thus, self-love should not be shown at the expense of love for one's neighbor. On the contrary. We must sacrifice love for ourselves to love for others. " There is no greater love than this if someone lays down his soul(i.e., he will sacrifice his life) for his friends (his neighbors) (John 15:13). And love for oneself and love for one’s neighbors must be sacrificed to the love of God. The Lord Jesus Christ speaks about it this way: " Whoever loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me; and whoever loves a son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me; and who does not take up his cross(i.e., who refuses all the hardships of life, suffering and trials that the Lord sends, and follows the easy, lawless path) and follows Me, he is not worthy of Me" (Matt. 10, 37-38).

If a person loves God first of all, then naturally he cannot help but love his father, mother, children, and all his neighbors; and this love will be sanctified by divine grace. If a person loves one of them, without love for God, then such love can even be criminal, for example, such a person, for the well-being of a beloved friend, can deprive the well-being of others, be unfair, cruel to them, etc.

So, although the entire Law of God is contained in two commandments of love, in order for us to more clearly understand our duties to God and neighbor, they are divided into 10 commandments. Our duties to God are prescribed in the first four commandments, and our duties to our neighbors are prescribed in the last six commandments.

From the site: http://sotref.com/religija/religija_i_moral/300-10_zapovedejj_moiseja.html

Solving the problem, page 90 Unification of northern and southern Egypt - 3000 BC. Solution: 3000 years – 1000 years = 2000 years United State of the Israelites – 10th century BC.

The oldest part of the Bible is Old Testament- contains... Ancient Jews... Jewish legends and myths Jewish myths, traditions, stories about antiquity Jewish traditions, myths, stories about antiquity, ancient laws, regulations.. Like the Egyptians and Babylonians, they worshiped many gods. Unlike the Egyptians and Babylonians, they worshiped one god Like the Egyptians and Babylonians, they worshiped many gods, but gradually came to monotheism

Name the principle that unites the words Moses, commandments, tablets, covenant A) Moses gave the people commandments, wrote them down on tablets and called them a covenant B) God gave Moses the tablets where the commandments were written, and the people made a covenant with Yahweh, promising to fulfill the commandments given to them C) people entered into a covenant with Moses to fulfill the commandments written on the tablets

What we will find out in the lesson:. How were the Assyrians able to create a strong power?

Creative task: In the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun, who lived about 3 thousand years ago, things were found that the king used during his lifetime. There are a lot of items made of gold and only three items of iron: a dagger, a bracelet and a sacred beetle. - Suggest why there were so few iron products.

The development of iron In the 10th century BC. artisans began to widely use iron. What changed with the advent of iron? Confirm your assumptions with the textbook text on page 81, introduction to chapter 5. Egyptian instruments Assyrian instruments

Look at the picture and describe the weapons of the Assyrian warriors. In which country have you already met him? Assyrian army

The Assyrians improved the fleet and learned for a long time carried out under water using leather skins. Assyrian army

Conquests of the Assyrian kings. The territories of which states known to you were conquered by the Assyrian military power?

1. For what purpose did the Assyrian kings carry out their military campaigns in neighboring countries? 2. What did the Assyrian warriors take with them as booty? 3. What was the nature of the wars waged by the kings of Assyria? 4. The kings of which most famous country also actively conducted military campaigns? Working with the primary source “From the annals of Shalmaneser III (BC)

Under King Ashurbanipal, a large library was collected in the royal palace. It contained Babylonian and Assyrian myths and legends and astronomical treatises written on clay tablets. The Assyrians could distinguish between luminaries and constellations. Art and Science of Assyria Statue of the god Shedu from the palace of Sargon II at Dur-Sharrukin.

Homework: paragraph 17, task

a) Neil
b) Tiger
c) Euphrates
1. The first capital of the Egyptian kingdom?
a) Memphis
b) Thebes
c) Aten
2. What was the name in Egypt for a dried body wrapped in bandages?
a) amulet
b) sarcophagus
c) mummy
2. What did simple Egyptians build houses from?
a) from clay
b) made of stone
c) made of wood
3. Royal advisors, nobility in Ancient Egypt:
a) priests
b) nobles
c) scribes
3. A creature with the body of a lion and the head of a man who “guarded” the tombs of the Egyptian pharaohs?
a) Sphinx
b) Apis
c) Cheops
4. The coffin where the dead pharaohs were placed in Ancient Egypt:
a) sarcophagus
b) pyramid
c) mummy
4. Employees in Ancient Egypt who collected taxes:
a) scribes
b) priests
c) pharaohs
5. Who was recruited into the army in Ancient Egypt?
a) every tenth youth is Egyptian
b) every second slave
c) all the nobles
5. Who had knowledge in Ancient Egypt?
a) scribes
b) nobles
c) priests
6. Egyptian pharaoh, for whom the largest pyramid was built?
a) Akhenaten
b) Cheops
c) Tutankhamun
6. Writing in Ancient Egypt:
a) hieroglyphs
b) cuneiform
c) papyrus
7. Who served as a charioteer in the army
Ancient Egypt?
a) nobles
b) priests
c) slaves
7. Who did the ancient Egyptians consider
"living god"?
a) the chief priest
b) pharaoh
c) Amon-Ra
8. What did traders bring to Ancient Egypt?
a) papyrus
b) wood
c) bread
8. What did the double crown of the Egyptian pharaohs symbolize?
a) the unification of the Southern and Northern kingdoms
b) union of the gods of heaven and earth
c) the kingdom of the dead and the kingdom of the living
9. What does the concept of “classes” mean?
a) these are large groups of people, of which one exploits the other
b) these are groups of people who stand out in society because of what they have
c) these are people who are dissatisfied with Pharaoh
9. What does the concept of “religion” mean?
a) belief in supernatural forces
b) belief in the forces of nature
c) the ability to obey someone
10. What was the importance of the military
campaigns of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt to other countries?
a) enriched the pharaohs and nobles
b) weakened their country
c) gave the soldiers the opportunity to test their strength
10. For what purpose did the pharaohs organize military campaigns in other countries?
a) for the purpose of personal enrichment
b) for the purpose of enriching their warriors and nobles
c) for the purpose of getting to know other countries
11. Who first described the life of the ancient Egyptians?
a) Herodotus
b) Hammurabi
c) Croesus

1) Polyane, Krivichi, Chud, Slovenian Ilmen, Dregovichi.
2) Dnieper, Volkhov, Lake Ilmen, Lake Ladoga, Neva, Lovat, Danube.
3) Khazars, Vyatichi, Pechenegs, Polovtsians.
4) Askold, Dir, Rurik, Kiy, Sineus, Truvor.
5) Cue, Shchek, Khoriv, ​​Rurik, Lybid.
2. The chronicles often talk about how tribes paid tribute. What did paying tribute mean? Based on the chronicle passages given, explain what the tribute might include.
1) The Khazars attacked the clearing and said: “Pay us tribute.” The clearing thought and took a sword from the smoke. And the Khazars brought them to their prince and elders and told them: “We have obtained a new tribute”... And the Khazar elders said: “This tribute is not good, prince: we obtained it with sabers - a weapon sharp only on one side, their the weapon - the sword - is double-edged; They will collect tribute from us and from other lands.”
2) The Khazars took ermine and squirrel from the smoke from the glades, and from the northerners, and from the Vyatichi.
3) Oleg began to establish cities and established a tribute to the Varangians from Novgorod of 300 hryvnia for the summer.
4) Oleg began to fight against the Drevlyans and, having conquered them, took tribute from them by black marten.
3. Arrange passages from “The Tale of Bygone Years” in chronological order. Explain how, according to the chronicler, the state of Rus' appeared. Which passages do you find most reliable and why?
1) And Oleg sat down to reign in Kyiv, and Oleg said: “This will be the mother of Russian cities.”
2) In summer 6367(859). The Varangians from overseas collected tribute from the Chuds, and from the Slavs, and from the Meri, and from all the Krivichi, and the Khazars took from the glades, and from the northerners, and from the Vyatichi, ermine and squirrel from the smoke.
3) The Glades lived separately and owned their own clans... And there were three brothers: one named Kiy, the other - Shchek, and the third - Khoriv, ​​and their sister was Lybid. Kiy sat on the mountain where Borichev now rises, and Shchek sat on the mountain that is now called Shchekovitsa, and Khoriv sat on the third mountain, which was nicknamed Khorivitsa after him. And they built a town in the name of their elder brother, and called it Kyiv.
4) Oleg hid some warriors in the boats, and left others behind, and he himself approached the mountains, carrying young Igor... And he sent to Askold and Dir, telling them that “I am a guest, and we are going to the Greeks from Oleg and the prince Igor. Come to us, your relatives." When Askold and Dir arrived, the warriors jumped out of the rooks. And Oleg said to Askold and Dir: “You are not princes or of a princely family, but I am of a princely family, and this is the son of Rurik.” And they killed Askold and Dir.
5) Two years later, Sineus and his brother Truvor died. And Rurik alone took over all power.
6) Rurik had two husbands, and they asked to go to Constantinople with their family. And they set off along the Dnieper, and, passing by, they saw a town on the mountain. And they asked: “Whose town is this?” And they said to them: “There were three brothers: Kiy, Shchek and Khoriv, ​​who built this town and died. And we, their descendants, sit here and pay tribute to the Khazars.” Askold and Dir remained in this city, gathered many Varangians around them and began to own the land of the glades.
7) After the death of the brothers, the Drevlyans and other devious people offended the glades. And they were attacked... by the Khazars.
8) In summer 6370 (862). They drove the Varangians overseas and did not give them tribute, and began to control themselves. And there was no truth between them. And generation after generation rose up, and there were strife among them, and they began to fight with themselves. And they said to themselves: “Let us look for a prince who would rule over us and judge us by right.” And they went overseas to the Varangians, to Rus'. The Chud, the Slovenians, and the Krivichi all said to the Russians: “Our land is great and abundant. But there is no order in it. Come reign and rule over us." And three brothers were chosen with their clans, and took all of Rus' with them... And the oldest Rurik sat in Ladoga, and the other - Sineus - on White Lake, and the third - Truvor - in Izborsk. And from those Varangians the Russian land was nicknamed.
9) In summer 6390 (882). Oleg went on a campaign, gathering with him many warriors: Varangians, Chud, Slovenians, Meryu, all, Krivichi, and came to Smolensk with the Krivichi, and took the city, and planted his husband there. From there he went down, took Lyubech and put his husband there. And they came to the Kyiv mountains, and Oleg learned that Askold and Dir reigned here.
10) In summer 6387(879). Rurik died, handing over his princedom to Oleg, his relative, to whom he gave his son Igor into the arms, for he was still very small.
4. Where did the name of the Russian land come from? How does the name “Russian Land” differ from the name “Slavic Land”?
5. Historian V. O. Klyuchevsky (1841-1911) wrote: “Whoever owned Kiev held in his hands the key to the main gate of Russian trade.” Do you agree with this opinion? Give reasons for your answer.
6. Scientists claim that blacksmiths and potters were the first artisans who could abandon farming. Give at least three reasons in favor of this opinion.

Euphrates and Tigris_______________.
Nile____________.
Jordan____________.
Indus and Ganges___________.
Yellow River ____________.
2) In which ancient countries did these rulers rule?
Cheops_____________.
Hammurabi__________.
Thutmose__________.
David and Solomon___________.
Ashurbanipal___________.
Cyrus__________.
Ashoka___________.
Qin Shihuang__________.
3) In which ancient countries was each of the following inventions made?
Letter___________.
Alphabet__________.
Arabic numerals_____________.
Coin___________.
Paper_____________.
Chess_____________.
Compass__________________.
4) Answer the questions.
In many languages, words denoting paper sound similar. For example, in English paper is “paper”, in French - “papier”, in German - “papier”. Apparently, this similarity is not accidental: all these words have the same root and come from the same word. What kind of word is this? Which country is the birthplace of the first writing material? How was it made?
5)Calculate:
Approximately how many years ago was the Cheops pyramid built?
Approximately how many years ago did the construction of the Great Wall of China begin?
6)Answer the questions.
Scientists consider the invention of glass to be the most important in the history of mankind. Are the scientists right? Let’s imagine that all glass objects suddenly disappear. How will this affect our lives?
7)Answer the question.
Everyone knows that books burn and perish in fire. Fires have caused enormous and irreparable damage to many libraries in the world. All this is true, but one student was reading fantastic stories and history books mixed in. Somewhere he read that some palace library was engulfed in the flames of a huge fire. The ceilings between the floors collapsed, everything around burned to the ground, but the books, as if enchanted, survived. The student could not remember whether what he was reading about was science fiction or a historical fact. What is your opinion: did it exist? Is there really such a library, or was it invented by science fiction writers?
8) What great inventions of the Chinese influenced the life of mankind? Give reasons for your answer.
9) Find out whether castes exist in modern India. Think about whether the division of people into castes hindered or helped the development of progress in India. Write down your thoughts in the form of a plan.