Examination tickets for truck crane operator tests. Examination tickets for certification of truck crane operators. Faucet maintenance
The non-rotating part is the support of the crane installation. It is used to absorb the loads that arise during the operation of the crane and the installation of crane equipment on it. When operating a crane installation, large and dynamic loads arise.
The fixed frame of the crane is a welded metal structure. It consists of:
two longitudinal beams of rectangular section;
transverse beams connecting longitudinal beams;
support ring welded to the longitudinal and transverse beams.
To increase the stability of the crane in operating condition, four additional supports are hinged to the fixed frame, and stabilizers are installed to equalize the deformation of the elastic suspensions of the axis of the crane's undercarriage. The fixed frame is attached to the car frame with stepladders and bolts.
Adjust the brake of the crane rotation mechanism.
A permanently closed shoe brake is installed on the turning mechanism. It is installed in the upper part of the gearbox under the hydraulic motor. It consists of pads, levers, rods, springs and hydraulic release.
Brake adjustment procedure:
1. Set the length of the working spring. Find its size in the passport or the crane operating manual.
2. Use the rods to adjust the uniform departure of the shoes from the pulley.
3. Set the hydraulic release stroke to 8-15 mm. on its stem.
The wear limit of the pads is 50% of their original thickness.
Responsibilities of the crane operator after completion of work.
Install the boom and hook in the position indicated or provided for in the operating instructions;
Inspect the crane, clean all its equipment;
The crane operator must make an entry about all malfunctions in the operation of the crane in the log of reception and delivery of the shift and, at the end of the work, report them to his shiftman or the person responsible for the technically sound condition of the lifting mechanisms;
Close the windows in the cabin and lock the door.
Is a cross lay rope of the design TK=6x37+1 rejected if 14 wires are broken in a section 6 rope diameters long? Wire wear 20%.
The rope is rejected.
Ticket number 2.
Purpose and general structure of outriggers.
Outriggers are designed to increase the support contour of the crane in the operating position. They can be folding, rotating, retractable. On the KS-3577 crane, 4 rotary hydraulic supports are hingedly installed at the corners of the fixed frame.
Each support has two fixed positions: transport and working. In each position it is fixed with a pin, which is pressed against the stop by a spring, ensuring reliable fixation. The support is lubricated periodically through grease nipples with grease.
The support consists of a crossbar beam and a hydraulic cylinder. The transom beam is a welded steel structure with a box-section made of high-strength rolled products.
The hydraulic cylinder ensures leveling of the crane. The stroke of the support rod is 500 mm. The hydraulic cylinder rod has a ball head with an annular groove for connection to the thrust bearing using a pin. A hydraulic lock is installed in the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder to prevent the rod from being retracted in the event of an emergency drop in pressure in the line during operation of the crane.
Checking and adjusting the brake of the load lifting mechanism.
The load lifting mechanism has a normally closed band brake. To adjust it, it is necessary to raise the load to a height of 200 mm and keep it suspended for 10 minutes, while it should not fall onto the platform. The brake consists of a brake band with friction linings that goes around the brake pulley and is fixed at one end to the bracket and the other to the lever. The tape is tensioned by a spring.
Brake inspection.
Use a nut to set the length of the working spring to 85 mm.
Screw in the adjusting bolt of the brake band until it stops, unscrew it 1.5 turns and lock it.
The working stroke of the hydraulic cylinder rod is 8-13 mm.
Tape wear is at least 3 mm. (or 50%)
What is prohibited for a driver while working?
Quickly lower the load onto the platform;
Get distracted;
Transfer control of the crane to persons not related to the operation of the crane.;
Allow students or trainees to work independently without supervision;
Leave the tap for a short time;
Clean and lubricate crane mechanisms;
Use limit switches to stop the crane;
Disable safety devices and brakes, as well as work with faulty brakes and safety devices;
Lower the boom until it extends, at which the crane’s lifting capacity is less than the weight of the intended load;
Place the load on electrical cables or pipelines, as well as on the edge of a slope or ditch, if the load can slide or tip over;
Lift people in containers or loads;
To lift a load that is incorrectly tied, as well as in a container filled above the sides:
Use a crane to release slings, ropes or chains pinched by a load;
Tear off and lift dead weight;
Perform sharp braking when turning the boom with a load;
To drag a load along the ground;
Install a crane under power lines;
Lift a load that exceeds the crane’s lifting capacity;
Allow untrained and uncertified slingers to hook or sling;
Will a truck crane with a hook reach of 10 m be able to lift a sheet of metal 6x2x0.03 ρ weight 7.8 t/m 3
TICKET No. 1 (crane operators)
QUESTION 1
In which of the listed cases, during loading and unloading operations with a crane (overhead, gantry), was there a violation of safety requirements?
ANSWERS:
1. A load for which a slinging scheme has not been developed has been lifted, in the presence and under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes.
1. A load was moved in a horizontal direction, raised to a height of 0.7 m above objects encountered along its path.
1. A reinforced concrete product weighing more than 1 ton, which does not have markings, was lifted.
1. A brick was lifted on a pallet without a fence when unloading it from a vehicle.
1. The load was lifted to a height of 200 mm to check the correctness of the sling and the reliability of the brakes. QUESTION 2
What information is indicated on overhead and gantry cranes in operation?
ANSWERS:
1. Registration number, load capacity and date of inspection.
1. Registration number, load capacity and next test date
1. Serial number, load capacity and test date.
1. Registration number, carrying capacity of the following inspection
1. Serial number, load capacity and inspection date.
QUESTION 3
In which of the following cases is the “CAUTION” signal indicated correctly?
ANSWERS:
1. Intermittent upward movement of the arm in front of the chest, palm up; the arm is bent at the elbow.
1. Raising the outstretched arm, previously lowered to a vertical position, palm open.
1. A sharp movement of the hand to the right and left at waist level, palm facing down.
1. The hands are palms facing one another at a short distance, with the arms raised up.
1. Intermittent downward movement of the arm in front of the chest, palm down, arm bent at the elbow.
QUESTION 4
Which of the following officials should instruct crane operators and slingers on the safe conduct of the upcoming work at the site of its production?
ANSWERS:
1. The person responsible for maintaining hydraulic cranes in good condition.
1. Brigadier.
1. The person responsible for the safe operation of cranes.
1. Shift master.
1. The person responsible for supervising the cranes at the enterprise.
QUESTION 5
Which of the listed devices or safety devices is not required to be equipped with bridge type (gantry) cranes?
ANSWERS:
1. A device for automatically relieving tension when workers exit their gallery.
1. Load limiter.
1. A device for shutting off the drive of the load lifting mechanism in the event of a break in any of the three power phases.
1. Load capacity indicator.
1. A limit switch to automatically stop the lifting mechanism of the load-handling member before approaching the stop.
QUESTION 6
In which of the following cases may the hook of an overhead (gantry) crane not be equipped with a safety lock?
ANSWERS:
1. In any case, without exception, the crane hook must be equipped with a safety lock.
1. With a crane lifting capacity of no more than 10 tons.
1. When using flexible load-handling devices that prevent them from falling out of the hook mouth.
1. When using rigid lifting devices.
1. When using special-purpose slings and containers.
QUESTION 7
Which of the listed types of cranes are not subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor authorities?
ANSWERS:
1. All types of cranes, without exception, are subject to registration with the Gosgortekhnadzor authorities.
1. Overhead cranes and beam cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons inclusive, controlled from the floor by means of a push-button device suspended on the crane or a permanently installed remote control.
1. Gantry cranes with a control cabin with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons.
1. Overhead cranes with a control cabin with a lifting capacity of up to 3 tons.
1. All types of cranes with electric drive with a lifting capacity of up to 2 tons.
QUESTION 8
What is the frequency of inspection of slings?
ANSWERS:
1. Once every 10 days
1. Once every 6 months
1. 1 time per week
1. 1...
1.serves to transfer rotational energy
2. used to connect shafts
3.does not transmit torque
4. transmits torque
2. What are bearings used for:
1. are a support for shafts and axes
2. serve to transmit torque
3.are a support for gears
4. for installing mechanisms on them
3. The shaft that receives rotation first is called:
1. Chief
3. Slave
4. Presenter
4. Depending on the shape of the tooth, gears are:
1. chevron
2. Helical
3.straight teeth
4. straight, helical, chevron
5. How does friction transmission work:
1. due to torque transmission
2. due to the rotation of the shafts
3. due to the meshing of teeth
4. due to the friction force generated between the belt and the pulley
6. Purpose of couplings:
Transmits torque
Used to connect shafts
Serve to connect axes
Answer 1 and 2
7. What material are drums made of:
3. Babbitt
4. cast iron and steel
8. What formula is used to determine the diameter of the block and drum:
9. The rope capacity of the drum should be:
1.at least 1.5 turns of rope not counting the rope under the clamps
2. No more than 1.5 turns of rope, not counting the rope under the clamps
4. 1.5 meters
10. What are running wheels on mechanisms:
1. movement mechanism
2. load lifting mechanism
3.mechanism for raising and lowering the boom
4. working bodies
11. The strength coefficient of the slings should be:
At least 6 rope diameters
At least 3 rope diameters
At least 9 rope diameters
At least 2 rope diameters
12. How to determine the lay pitch:
1. half a turn of the strand around the core
2. complete rotation of the strand around the core
3. 1.5 turns of the strand around the core
4. complete rotation of the wires around the strand
13. What should cargo hooks be equipped with to avoid spontaneous loss of the removable load-handling device:
1. safety spring
2. safety key
3. safety lock
4. safety bracket
14. What is supplied with the hooks by the manufacturer indicating the load capacity:
1. brand
15. What specially made hooks are equipped with:
1. certificate
2. certificate
4. passport
16. At what percentage of wear is the hook throat rejected:
1. if the hook wear exceeded 10%
2. if the hook wear exceeded 20%
3. if the wear of the hook mouth is up to 10%
4. if the hook wear exceeded 50%
17. What type of brakes are used on cranes:
1. normally open type
2. block
3. block, normally closed type
4. closed type
18. The brake pulley is rejected if
1. crack and breaks
2. wear has exceeded 25% of the original size
3. wear has exceeded 50% of the original size
4. answers 1 and 2
19. Brake linings are rejected:
1. if the wear of the linings exceeds 50% of their thickness
2. if the wear of the linings exceeds 25% of their thickness
3. if there are cracks and breaks
4. answers 1 and 3
20. With what drive on cranes are brakes used:
1. with electric hydraulic pusher
2. with electric hydraulic pusher and electromagnet
3. with electromagnet
4. electric
21. What formula is used to determine the number of gear stages:
22. What is the input shaft connected to in the gearbox:
1. with shaft brake
2. with motor shaft
3. with drive wheel shaft
4. with drum
23. What symbols should be on the crane plate:
1. load capacity, registration number, test date
2. crane number, lifting capacity, partial technical examination of the crane
3. partial technical examination, load capacity
4. registration number, load capacity, terms of the next partial and full technical examination
24. Replaceable load-handling devices include:
1. hook, grab, electromagnet
2. slings, pliers
3. lifting electromagnet
4. grips
25. Hooks are rejected:
1. if the thread on the rod is broken
2.if the wear of the hook mouth is less than 10%
3. if there is no tag on the hook
4. if there is no passport on the hook
26. Wear in the throat of the hook is allowed:
1. no more than 25%
2. at least 10%
3.exceeded 10%
4. not less than 7%
27. How is the end of the rope attached to the drum:
1. clamping bars
2. clamps
3. staples
4. using a braid
28. When attaching the end of a braided rope, what number of punctures should there be for each strand if the rope diameter is from 15 to 28
29 The number of clamps when fastening the ends of the rope should be:
2. at least 3
3. no more than 3
30. Manufacturer’s ropes must be equipped with:
2. passport
3. inscription
4. certificate
31. As a result of wear or corrosion, the diameter of the rope has decreased by:
32. What elements does the bridge crane consist of:
1. cross beams
2. longitudinal beams
3. cabins and galleries
4. made of two longitudinal and two transverse beams
33. Indicate one of the elements of the mechanisms:
1. limit switch
2. gearbox
3. trolleys
4. current collectors
34. How is the current supply to tower cranes carried out:
1. with the help of the main trolls
2. using a flexible cable
3. using a power line
4. using a switch
35. The height of the gallery fence should be:
36. The width of the gallery intended to serve the travel mechanism should be:
37. The cabin door must be:
1. 1 m high
2. swing
3. sliding
4. hinged or sliding
38. What should be the flooring of the crane gallery:
1. ribbed
2. have holes with a diameter of 20mm
3. smooth with continuous fencing
4. grooved or have a hole with a diameter of 20 mm
39. Which crane rests on two supports:
1. tower
2. pavement
3. gantry
4. pavement and gantry
40.What is indicated on the key stamp:
1. faucet brand
2. crane inventory number
3. crane registration number
4. crane lifting capacity
41. Tower cranes are classified according to installation method:
1. stationary, attached
2. mobile, self-elevating
3. moving on rails
4. answers 1 and 2
42. Based on the boom design, tower cranes are classified:
1. with luffing boom and with beam boom
2. boom radius changes due to raising or lowering the hook
3. boom radius changes due to the position of the trolley
4. boom reach changes due to turret extension
43. A staircase is considered inclined if the angle of inclination is less than:
44. Purpose of zero motor blocking:
1. provides a smooth start of the electric motor
2. protects the crane operator from electric shock
3. prevents spontaneous starting of the electric motor
4. Prevents the tap from running with the door open
45. At what distance from the hook suspension to the stop should the hydraulic cranes hook lift height limiter operate:
1. no more than 100mm
2.not less than 200mm
4. not less than 50mm
46. The load limiter prevents the crane from being overloaded and is activated for tower cranes:
47. On which cranes is the skewing limiter used:
1. on overhead cranes
2. on tower cranes
3. on gantry cranes
4. on all taps
48. How often should the slinger and crane operator inspect the slings?
1. every 10 days
2. every month
3. before release for work
4. before starting work
49. What is the largest angle allowed between the branches of the slings when hooking loads:
1. no more than 45
2. no more than 90
3. not less than 120
4. no more than 60
50. When it is prohibited to move a load by crane:
1. above a trench or pit
2. above the platform, where there are people
3. above the equipment
4. above the truck
51. To what height is the load raised during a test lift to check the brakes and the quality of the sling:
52. When inspecting rarely used slings:
1. every 10 days
2. Once a month
3. before release for work
4. once every six months
53. What should a crane operator follow when working on a crane:
1. production instructions
2. labor protection instructions
3. crane operating instructions
4. load slinging diagram
54. The following persons are allowed to operate cranes:
1. at least 21 years old
2. not younger than 16 years old
3. at least 18 years old
4. at least 20 years
55. What type of training is carried out before working near power lines:
1. introductory
2. extraordinary
3. target
4. planned
56. What should be the distance from the protruding parts of the ends of the crane moving along an overhead crane runway to the columns and walls of the building, the railings of walk-through galleries:
1. not less than 400 mm
2. not less than 100 mm
3. not less than 60 mm
4. not less than 70 mm
57. The gap between the rail and the shield preventing the possibility of foreign objects getting under the running wheels of cranes moving along the rail track should not exceed:
58. What load are the slings tested with:
1. equal rated load capacity
2. 10% exceeding their rated load capacity
3. 15% exceeding their rated load capacity
4. 25% exceeding their rated load capacity
59. What information about the manufacture of load-handling devices should be entered in the logbook for recording and inspection of load-handling devices:
1. name of the device, rated load capacity, certificate number for the material used;
2. own weight of the lifting device, its name and purpose
3. name of the device, registration number and purpose
4. test results and welding quality control results
60. To what height should the load be previously raised when moving it horizontally:
1. 1000 mm above encountered objects
2. 5000 mm above encountered objects
3. 1500mm above encountered objects
4. 700mm above encountered objects
61. What should be indicated on the tag attached to the removable load-handling device:
1. number, purpose, nameplate carrying capacity
2. number, passport load capacity, test date
3. purpose, number, nameplate carrying capacity, dead weight
4. registration number, passport carrying capacity
62. In what cases is a signalman appointed:
1. when the distance between the slinger and the crane operator is more than 36 m
2. when the height of the building being constructed is less than 36 m
3. in cases where the area served by the crane is not completely visible from the crane operator’s cabin and in the absence of radio and telephone communications between the crane operator and the slinger to transmit signals to the crane operator
4. in fog, snowfall, when the crane operator has difficulty distinguishing between the signals of the slinger and the load being moved
63. What should be the minimum vertical distance from the counterweight console or from the counterweight located under the console of a tower crane to areas where people may be:
1. not less than 2000 mm
2. not less than 1500mm
3. not less than 1800 mm
4. not less than 1000mm
64. What data is indicated on the container:
1. number and volume of container
2. tare weight
3. purpose and volume of container
4. number, purpose, weight and carrying capacity of the container
65. Who keeps a log of records and inspections of removable load-handling devices:
1. Engineers for supervision
2. crane operator and slinger
4. Person responsible for the safe movement of goods by cranes
66. Lifting a load with two cranes is carried out under the guidance of:
1. Persons responsible for the safe movement of goods by cranes
2. Engineers for supervision
3. Engineers responsible for the good condition of the crane
4.mechanics
67.Who does not belong to service personnel:
1. crane operator
2. device adjuster
3. locksmith
4. mechanic
68. Where is it allowed to store cargo:
1. on temporary floors
2. at designated storage areas
3.at a distance of 1m from the railway
4.for freshly bulk cargo
69.What types of alarms are used when working with cranes:
1.two-way telephone communication
2. radiotelephone communication
3. sign and two-way radio communication
70.How to give a stop signal:
1. sharp movement of the hand to the right to the left
2. movement with an outstretched arm to the right to the left
3. intermittent movement of the hand to the right to the left
4.sharp movement of the hand to the right and left at waist level, palm facing down
Question no.
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- Added: 04/12/2018 at 05:54
- Category: Methodological developments
- Added by: pu-306
- Author's email: [email protected]
Semenov Viktor Leonidovich
FKP educational institution No. 306
This methodological manual was developed in accordance with the requirements of the vocational training program “Crane operator (crane operator)”. The manual provides basic information about the design of overhead cranes and test assignments for all the material covered.
After studying this manual, you will know:
— overhead crane assembly units;
— design of the load lifting mechanism;
— design of the cargo trolley;
— design of the mechanism for moving bridges and bogies;
— design of electrical energy supply to the overhead crane;
— design of shoe and disc brakes;
— design of instruments and safety devices;
— requirements for the construction of stairs, fences, platforms;
— design and requirements for cabin installation;
- crane track design.
After studying this manual, you will be able to:
— read the kinematic diagrams of the crane equipment;
- independently check the level of your knowledge.
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Introduction to the profession of a crane operator
Students should be well aware that in a modern industrial enterprise, cranes are the main type of technological equipment, the normal operation of which largely determines the operation of the enterprise as a whole, namely, timely and high-quality implementation of technological processes, unconditional fulfillment of planned tasks, high quality of products, its cost, etc.
Therefore, while undergoing training in their chosen specialty, the future young worker - crane operator (crane operator) must know the high responsibility assigned to him for the safe operation of a complex lifting machine and remember that not only the result of his own work, but also successful work and safety of the entire team of the enterprise (shop) and the final result of production.
A young crane operator must remember that for violations of job descriptions and labor safety rules that lead to an accident or accident, he bears strict liability depending on the nature of the violation and the severity of the administrative consequences (disciplinary action, transfer to a lower-paid job, up to and including dismissal) and even criminal proceedings.
Persons trained according to an approved program and certified by a qualification commission, which necessarily includes a representative of the local body of the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision, are allowed to operate a load-lifting crane. After certification, the crane operator receives a certificate indicating the type of load-lifting crane that he is allowed to operate.
At least once a year, as well as when a crane operator moves from one enterprise to another, a special commission re-tests his knowledge of crane operation and safe work performance. If a crane operator switches to work on a different type of crane, as well as if there is a break in work in his specialty for more than one year, he must be re-certified under a shortened program.
For violations that are dealt with in a disciplinary manner, he may be deprived of his certificate, the restoration of which and admission to independent work on the crane is carried out after repeated training and certification in the prescribed manner.
Obviously, one crane operator cannot work on a load-lifting crane, so the personnel servicing the crane also includes a slinger who straps and fastens (slings) the load to the load body of the crane, and in cases where the crane operator does not view the entire working area from the control cabin, a signalman is identified. Crane operators must be at least 18 years of age. Crane operators and slingers are allowed to work independently by order of the enterprise only if they have certification certificates. The crane operator must also undergo a medical examination before starting work.
This textbook is intended for training operators of load-lifting cranes (crane operators) of overhead, gantry, mobile cantilever cranes and stacker cranes of the 2nd and 3rd categories.
stroy-technics.ru
“Crane operator (driver) of an overhead crane.” Testing using exam cards
Testing on the exam cards “Crane operator (driver) of an overhead crane” has links to the correct answers in the regulatory and technical literature, which will allow you to quickly and efficiently prepare for the exams.
Tickets correspond to the topics:
Topic 1. Rules requirements for cranes.
Topic 2. device and maintenance
Topic 3. Instructions for overhead crane operator
Topic 4. Work execution
Topic 6. Occupational safety (electrical safety, fire safety, first aid.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- PB 10-382-00 Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes.
- RD 11-07-2007 Instructions for the design, manufacture and safe operation of cargo slings
- RD-11-06-2007 Technological maps of loading and unloading operations
- TI R M 005-2000 Instructions for operators of electric overhead cranes
- (RD 10-103-95) t.i. driver. Bridge. and a goat. cranes
- RD-10-138-97 crane tracks for overhead cranes.
- POT RM-007-98 Loading and unloading operations
- Alesandrov M.P., Gokberg M.M. Handbook of cranes in 2 volumes.
- v.2. Characteristics and design diagrams of cranes, crane mechanisms, their parts and assemblies. Technical operation of cranes. - L. Mechanical Engineering - 1988
- Braude V.I., Gokberg M.I. in 2 volumes
- Characteristics of materials and loads. Fundamentals of calculations, cranes, their drives and metal structures. - L. Mechanical engineering - 1988
- Polyakov A.M. Electrical circuit diagrams for lifting cranes. M.Energoatomizdat, 1988
- Abramovich I.I. Load-lifting cranes for industrial enterprises. Directory. M. Mechanical Engineering - 1970.
- Abramovich I.I. Kotelnikov. General purpose gantry cranes. M. Mechanical Engineering, 1970
- Ushakov N.S. Electric overhead cranes. L. Mechanical Engineering, 1988
- Fedoseev V.N. Occupational safety of an overhead crane operator. M. Mechanical Engineering, 1988
- Fedoseev V.N., Runov M.M. A manual for an overhead crane operator. Directory - M. Mechanical Engineering, 1990
- Polosin M.D., Gudkov Yu.I. Handbook for a young crane operator. V.Sh. 1990
- Volkova V.A. Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes. publishing house "Nedra", M.K. - 12
- To help the crane operator, M. 1964, State Public Library for Science and Technology of the USSR
- Bogorad A.A., Zaguzin A.T. Load-lifting cranes of machine-building enterprises. M. V.Sh. 199013. NPO OBT. Moscow. 1993
RD 10-103-95 Standard instructions for crane operators (drivers) for the safe operation of overhead and gantry cranes
COLLECTION of standard instructions
on safe operation of load-lifting cranes
STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
FOR CRANE OPERATORS (MACHINISTS)
FOR SAFE OPERATION
BRIDGE AND GANTRY CRANES
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. According to the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Load-Lifting Cranes*, bridge and gantry cranes are classified as bridge-type cranes.
Cranes in which the load-bearing structural elements rest on the crane runway using two support posts are called gantry cranes, and cranes in which the load-bearing elements rest directly on the crane runway are called bridge cranes. According to the type of load-handling device, bridge cranes are divided into hook, grab, magnetic, muldo-magnetic, muldo-grab, muldo-loading, foundry, pin, landing, forging, well, stripper, stacker cranes, etc.
1.2. Bridge and gantry cranes are classified as high-risk lifting machines. They are used for loading and unloading operations, installation, dismantling and repair of equipment, and are also used in production processes for moving goods.
1.3. The main causes of accidents and accidents during the operation of overhead and gantry cranes are:
1) malfunction of the brakes, limit switches of the load lifting mechanisms, movement of the crane and trolley, locking of the cabin door and hatch for access to the crane bridge;
2) breakage of cargo ropes;
3) destruction of metal structures (supports, span beams, trolleys, etc.);
4) malfunction of the crane track and dead-end stops;
5) theft of the crane by the wind;
6) operating the crane by untrained workers;
7) malfunction of electrical equipment and injury to a worker due to electric current;
8) non-compliance with the marking system when working on overhead cranes;
9) absence or malfunction of platform fences and rotating parts;
10) failure to comply with the safety measures specified in the work permit when performing work on crane tracks and walk-through galleries;
11) malfunction of ropes, load-handling devices and removable load-handling devices;
12) lifting the load with the ropes in an inclined position;
13) improper slinging of cargo, overloading or overfilling of containers;
14) the presence of people in gondola cars and other vehicles during their loading and unloading;
15) failure to comply with the order and dimensions of cargo storage;
16) presence of people in the area of action of magnetic and grab cranes and under the transported load.
1.4. The safe operation of overhead and gantry cranes depends on the skillful and correct actions of a crane operator (driver)* who has the appropriate qualifications.
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. To operate and maintain load-lifting cranes, trained and certified crane operators of at least 18 years of age, with an education of at least 8 classes, and fit for health reasons, which must be confirmed by the results of a medical examination, are appointed by order of the head of the enterprise.
2.2. Operators of overhead and gantry cranes must have an electrical safety qualification group of at least II.
2.3. Training and certification of crane operators should be carried out in vocational schools, as well as in courses and technical schools for training workers in the specified specialties, created at enterprises (organizations) that have an appropriate base for theoretical and industrial training and have a special permit (license) from the Gosgortekhnadzor authorities .
2.4. The training of crane operators should be carried out according to programs developed by the training center and agreed with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia (for example, Standard programs for training and advanced training of crane operators of overhead and gantry cranes, developed and approved by the Scientific and Technical Center "Stroymashavtomatization" and agreed with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia on May 29, 1995, Programs for the training of crane operators-operators of bridge-type load-lifting cranes equipped with radio-electronic remote control devices, approved by VNIIPTMASH and agreed with the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia on April 19, 1995).
2.5. Certified workers are issued a certificate of the established form with a photo card (the form of the certificate is given in Appendix 7) signed by the chairman of the commission and a representative of the Gosgortekhnadzor bodies. The crane operator's certificate must indicate the type of crane he is authorized to operate. The crane operator must have his identification with him while working.
2.6. Before being allowed to work independently, a crane operator must undergo an internship on the crane on which he will work. The duration of the internship is established by the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition, depending on the design of the crane and the individual abilities of the crane operator and must be at least 10 days for crane operators working on general and special-purpose cranes, and at least 1 month. for crane operators working on cranes operating in metallurgical production and on loading cranes.
2.7. Based on these Standard Instructions, the organization develops production instructions for crane operators, taking into account the design of the cranes, their operating conditions and installation location. The production instructions must contain specific instructions for assessing the technical condition of instruments, devices and mechanisms that directly affect the safety of the crane, as well as the procedure for exchanging signals between the crane operator and slingers.
2.8. A crane operator transferred from one type of crane to another, for example from a tower crane to a pavement crane, must be trained under the appropriate program and certified in the manner prescribed by the Rules before being appointed to the position. In this case, training can be carried out according to an abbreviated program agreed with the Gosgortekhnadzor authorities.
When transferring a crane operator from one overhead or gantry crane to the same crane, but of a different design, he must be familiar with the design and maintenance features of such a crane and undergo an internship. After testing his practical skills, the crane operator can be allowed to work independently on a crane of this design. The procedure for internship and testing of practical skills is established by the crane owner. The transfer of a crane operator in a shift from one crane to another is allowed only to those cranes on which he completed his internship, in accordance with the procedure established by the enterprise.
2.9. Repeated testing of crane operator knowledge should be carried out:
periodically (at least once every 12 months);
when moving to work at another company;
at the request of an inspector of Gosgortekhnadzor or an engineer and technical worker to supervise the safe operation of lifting machines.
Repeated knowledge testing is carried out by the enterprise commission in the scope of the production instructions for crane operators. If the crane owner cannot create such a commission, then testing the knowledge of crane operators can be carried out by a commission of another enterprise under a contract, which must be reflected in the order for organizing the supervision of the enterprise that owns the crane.
The participation of the Gosgortekhnadzor inspector in re-testing the knowledge of crane operators is not necessary.
2.10. A trained crane operator who has a certificate for the right to operate and service cranes must know:
1) design of the crane, design and purpose of safety mechanisms and devices, kinematic and electrical diagrams of the crane, its parameters and technical characteristics;
2) production instructions for crane operators and slingers;
3) crane operating manual;
4) if necessary, standard instructions for crane operators on the safe operation of overhead bridge cranes equipped with radio-electronic remote control devices;
6) regulations (instructions) on the procedure for using the marking system when operating overhead cranes;
7) the basic requirements of the Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations and the Rules for the Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations as they relate to the profession of a crane operator;
8) the current system for issuing work permits at the enterprise;
9) timing and results of technical examinations, technical maintenance and repairs;
10) the timing and results of periodic inspections carried out by mechanics and electricians;
11) work projects, technological maps for cargo storage, loading and unloading technology and other safety regulations;
12) safe methods of slinging and hooking loads;
13) the procedure for moving and storing goods;
14) the procedure for safe exit from the cabin in case of a forced stop of the overhead crane not at the landing site;
15) the procedure established at the enterprise for exchanging signals with the slinger (recommended sign signaling is given in Appendix 6);
16) requirements for crane tracks;
17) requirements for ropes, removable lifting devices and containers, and standards for their rejection (standards for rejecting ropes are given in Appendix 3, standards for rejecting removable load-handling devices - in Appendix 8);
18) the range and purpose of lubricants and the frequency of lubrication of components and parts of the crane;
19) methods of releasing a person caught under voltage from the action of electric current, and methods of providing first aid;
20) location and arrangement of fire extinguishing means and the procedure for their use;
21) engineering and technical workers responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition, persons responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes, mechanics, electricians, slingers and safety device adjusters.
2.11. The crane operator must have the skills to operate and maintain the crane.
2.12. In terms of maintaining the cranes in good condition, the crane operator must follow the instructions of the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the lifting machines in good condition, and in terms of the performance of work - the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the cranes.
2.13. The crane operator must coordinate the work of the slinger and monitor the actions of the trainee assigned to him, while avoiding violations of production instructions.
3. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CRANE OPERATOR BEFORE STARTING OPERATION OF THE CRANE
3.1. Before starting work, the crane operator must familiarize himself with the entries in the logbook, accept the crane, and make sure that all mechanisms, metal structures, components and other parts of the crane, as well as the crane track, are in good working order.
In this case, the crane operator must:
1) receive a key stamp for operating the overhead crane in the manner established at the enterprise from the crane operator handing over the shift, or from the person responsible for issuing the key stamps. If at the time of acceptance of the shift the crane was under repair, then the key mark is accepted upon completion of the repair from the person responsible for the repair performed;
2) observe safety measures when entering the crane cabin, using stationary stairs, landing platforms or walk-through galleries. If the entrance to the cabin is through a bridge, then at magnetic cranes the trolleys supplying the electromagnet should not be turned off when the door in the end railing is opened and should be fenced or located in a place inaccessible to contact;
3) enter the crane cabin together with an assistant, trainee, student (if any) and accept the shift. If the crane operator fails to appear, his assistant, trainee, or student is prohibited from climbing the crane;
4) inspect the crane mechanisms, their fastenings and brakes, as well as the chassis and anti-theft grips;
5) check the presence and serviceability of mechanism guards and the presence of dielectric mats in the cabin;
6) check whether the gears, bearings and ropes are lubricated, as well as the condition of the lubricating devices and seals;
7) inspect the metal structures of the crane, welded, riveted and bolted connections in accessible places;
8) check the condition of the ropes and their fastening on drums and other places. In this case, you should pay attention to the correct laying of ropes in the streams of blocks and drums;
9) inspect the hook, its fastening in the cage and the closing device on it or another replaceable load-handling device installed instead of the hook;
10) check the presence of interlocks, instruments and safety devices on the crane;
11) check the serviceability of the lighting of the crane and work area;
12) inspect the crane tracks of the gantry crane and dead-end stops;
13) inspect electric motors in accessible places, trolleys or flexible current supply cables, pantographs, control panels, protective grounding, check whether the doors of the protective panel cabinets, main switches, magnet panels and hatches of the main pantograph service areas are locked;
14) check the presence of passages with a width of at least 700 mm between the gantry crane and stacks of cargo and other structures along the entire length of the crane runway;
15) check the presence of closed gates and warning posters at the exit points to the galleries.
3.2. The crane operator must, together with the slinger, check the serviceability of removable lifting devices and containers, their compliance with the weight and nature of the load, the presence of stamps or tags on them indicating the lifting capacity, test date and number.
3.3. When accepting a working crane, its inspection must be carried out jointly with the crane operator turning over the shift. The owner must allow the crane operator the necessary time to inspect the crane.
3.4. Inspection of the crane should be carried out only when the mechanisms are not working and the switch in the crane operator’s cabin is turned off; inspection of the current supply cable is carried out when the switch supplying voltage to the crane is turned off.
3.5. When inspecting the crane, if necessary, the crane operator must use a portable lamp with a voltage not exceeding 12 V.
3.6. After inspecting the crane for testing, the crane operator must turn on the switch and contact lock of the protective panel. You should first make sure that there is no one on the crane and that the steering wheels and handles of all controllers are in the zero position. If there is no key for the contact lock, the tap should not be turned on. The absence of a stamp key must be reported to the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition, and in his absence, to the person responsible for issuing the stamp keys.
3.7. Before putting the crane into operation, the crane operator is obliged to dry-test all the mechanisms of the crane and check the correct operation:
1) crane mechanisms and electrical equipment;
2) brakes for lifting and moving mechanisms;
3) interlocks, signaling devices, instruments and safety devices available on the crane. The operation of the limit switch of the lifting mechanism is checked by lifting the hook suspension without load. In this case, the distance from the suspension after it stops to the stop must be at least 200 mm. Based on the results of the check, an entry must be made in the logbook indicating the actual distance;
4) zero blocking magnetic controllers;
5) emergency switch and contact lock with key mark.
3.8. If, during inspection and testing of the crane, faults are discovered that impede safe operation, and it is impossible to eliminate them on their own, the crane operator, without starting work, must make an entry in the logbook and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes, and the engineering and technical employee responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition.
3.9. The crane operator should not start work if:
1) there are cracks or deformations in the metal structure of the crane, bolted or riveted connections are loose;
2) the rope fastening clamps are damaged or missing or their bolts are loose;
3) the load rope has a number of wire breaks or wear that exceeds the norm established in the crane operating manual, as well as a broken strand or local damage;
4) the mechanisms for lifting loads, moving a crane or trolley are defective;
5) parts of the brakes or crane mechanisms are damaged;
6) wear of the hook in the mouth exceeds 10% of the original height of the section, the device that closes the mouth of the hook is faulty, the fastening of the hook in the cage is broken;
7) faulty or missing locks, audible warning device, limit switches for mechanisms for lifting loads, moving a crane or trolley;
8) rope blocks or pulleys are damaged;
9) the load hook or blocks do not rotate;
10) there are no fences for mechanisms or non-insulated live parts of electrical equipment, and there is no or damaged grounding;
11) crane tracks are faulty;
12) anti-theft devices are damaged or missing;
13) the deadlines for technical examination, repair, maintenance and preventive inspection have expired.
3.10. To troubleshoot electrical equipment, connect the crane to a power source, replace fuses, and connect heating devices, the crane operator must call an electrician. The crane operator is prohibited from performing this work.
3.11. The crane operator must check the presence of a certificate for the right to sling loads and a distinctive sign from the slinger who is starting to work with him for the first time. If workers who do not have a slinger's certificate are assigned to slinging loads, the crane operator should not start work.
3.12. The crane operator must ensure that the work area within the crane's operating area is sufficiently illuminated. In case of insufficient lighting, heavy snowfall or fog, the crane operator, without starting work, must inform the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes.
3.13. Having accepted the crane, the crane operator must make an appropriate entry in the logbook about the results of the inspection and testing of the crane and, after receiving the assignment and work permit from the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes, begin work.
4. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CRANE OPERATOR DURING OPERATION OF THE CRANE
4.1. When operating a load-lifting crane, the crane operator must be guided by the requirements and instructions set out in the crane operating manual, production instructions, work plan or technological map.
4.2. While the crane is operating, the crane operator should not be distracted from his direct duties, nor should he clean, lubricate and repair mechanisms.
4.3. The crane operator must not allow unauthorized persons onto the crane, nor must he transfer control of the crane to anyone without the permission of the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition.
4.4. If there is a trainee on the crane, neither the crane operator nor the trainee should leave the cabin, even for a short time, without warning the person remaining on the crane about it. In the absence of the crane operator, the trainee is not allowed to operate the crane.
4.5. It is not permitted to climb on or off the crane while the lifting or moving mechanisms of the crane or trolley are operating.
4.6. If there is a sudden loss of power or the crane stops for other reasons, the crane operator must set the steering wheels or controller handles to the zero position and turn off the switch in the cabin. If the load remains in the raised position, the crane operator is obliged, through the slinger or other workers, to call the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes, and in his presence, lower the load by manually releasing the brake. Until the responsible person arrives, the crane operator must not allow people to stand or pass under the lifted load.
4.7. If there was a break (stop) in the operation of the lifting or moving mechanisms of a crane or trolley, the crane operator must sound a warning signal before turning them on.
4.8. Before putting any of the mechanisms into operation, the crane operator must make sure that the trainee is in a safe place and that there are no strangers in the crane operating area.
4.9. The crane operator may combine movements (crane operations) only in accordance with the instructions contained in the crane operating manual; At the same time, simultaneous activation of mechanisms should not be allowed.
4.10. The crane operator must turn on and stop the crane mechanisms smoothly, without jerking. Rapid lowering of the load, as well as its lowering by forced release of the brakes, is prohibited, except for the case specified in clause 4.6.
11. The crane operator should not transfer from forward to reverse until the mechanisms have completely stopped, except in cases where it is necessary to prevent an accident or accident.
4.12. The crane operator must reduce speed before the crane approaches the limit switches or the devices that disconnect them. The use of limit switches as working devices for shutting off mechanisms is not permitted.
4.13. The crane operator is prohibited from disabling safety devices (jamming contactors, turning off lift height limiters, electrical protection, etc.), as well as operating the crane if they are faulty.
4.14. For any temporary departure from the crane, the crane operator must turn off the input switch, remove the key tag from the protective panel of the overhead crane and take it with him, and lock the gantry crane cabin door.
4.15. The crane operator must be notified by an entry in the logbook about the admission of personnel (workers) to the crane tracks and walk-through galleries of overhead cranes to carry out repair or other work according to the permit that determines the conditions for the safe performance of work.
4.16. In case of a forced stop of the overhead crane not at the landing site, the crane operator must descend from the cabin in the manner established at the enterprise and set out in the production instructions.
4.17. The crane operator is not allowed to use the crane to move loads when performing construction, painting and other work from the crane bridge. This work must be carried out in accordance with a permit that defines safety measures, in particular measures to prevent people from falling from the crane, electric shock, entering crane tracks, and collisions of cranes. Installation of temporary scaffolding, stairs, etc. on a trolley is prohibited. Work must be carried out directly from the trolley deck or from stationary scaffolding installed on the deck; in this case, before lifting people onto the trolley, the tension must be relieved from the trolleys. The crane operator can move the bridge or crane trolley only at the command of the work foreman. When moving the crane, workers must be placed in the cabin or on the bridge deck. Movement of the trolley and crane bridge while people are on the trolley is prohibited.
4.18. Before maintenance personnel enter the gallery of an overhead crane whose load trolley rails are located at the level of the gallery deck, the crane operator must install the trolley in close proximity to the exit from the cabin onto the deck.
4.19. When operating overhead cranes installed in several tiers, the crane operator must pass the upper crane over the cranes located below, only without a load, with the hook raised to the upper working position.
4.20. If the crane is equipped with a special load-handling device (magnet, grab, grippers, different types of pliers, etc.), the crane operator must make sure that the load is securely grasped by the load-handling element before lifting the load.
4.21. If it is necessary to move cargo over the floors under which production and office premises where people are located, the crane operator can begin work only after receiving a written order from the management of the enterprise and becoming familiar with the measures that ensure the safe performance of work. Work should be carried out under the direct supervision of a person responsible for the safe operation of cranes.
4.22. Crane operators must carry out joint work on moving cargo with two or more cranes only in individual cases and carry out it in accordance with the work project or technological map, which must contain diagrams of slinging and moving cargo, indicating the sequence of operations and the position of the cranes, as well as others instructions for safe movement of cargo.
4.23. When performing work, the crane operator must be guided by the following rules:
1) the crane mechanisms can be turned on only upon a signal from the slinger. If the slinger gives a signal, acting contrary to the production instructions for slingers, then the crane operator should not carry out this signal. For damage caused by the operation of a crane due to the execution of an incorrectly given signal, both the crane operator and the slinger who gave the incorrect signal are responsible. The exchange of signals between the slinger and the crane operator must be carried out according to the procedure established at the enterprise (organization). The crane operator must obey the “Stop” signal regardless of who gives it;
2) before lifting or lowering the load, the slinger and everyone at the work site should be warned about the need to leave the area of movement of the load and the area of possible fall of the load. Loads can only be moved if there are no people in the crane operating area. The crane operator must also comply with these requirements when lifting and moving the grab or lifting magnet. The slinger can be near the load while it is being lifted or lowered if the load is at a height of no more than 1000 mm from the platform level;
3) when loading trolleys, vehicles and trailers, railway gondola cars, platforms and other vehicles, lifting and lowering the load is permitted only in the absence of people on the vehicles, which the crane operator must first ensure. Unloading and loading of gondola cars with hook cranes must be carried out using technology approved by the enterprise that owns the crane;
4) the hook of the lifting mechanism should be installed above the load so that when lifting the load, the inclined position of the load rope is eliminated;
5) when lifting a load, it is necessary to first raise it to a height of no more than 200-500 mm in order to ensure that the sling is correct, the load is secured securely and the brakes are working properly, after which it can be lifted to the required height;
6) loads or load-handling devices moved horizontally should first be raised 500 mm above objects encountered along the way;
7) when moving cargo located near a wall, column, stack, railway car, vehicle, machine or other equipment, you must first make sure that there are no people between the cargo being moved and the cars, walls, columns and other structures. Loads should be placed in gondola cars, on platforms and in trolleys, as well as their removal, without disturbing the balance of gondola cars, trolleys and platforms;
8) small-piece cargo should be transported in containers specially designed for this purpose. In this case, the possibility of individual loads falling out should be excluded. Lifting bricks on pallets without fencing is permitted only when loading them (and unloading them onto the ground) onto vehicles, trailers, railway gondola cars and platforms;
9) before lifting a load from a well, ditch, trench, pit, etc. and before lowering the load, you should first make sure by lowering the free (unloaded) hook that in its lowest position, at least one and a half turns of the rope remain wound on the drum, not counting the turns under the clamping device;
10) stowage and disassembly of cargo should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for storing cargo and without blocking the aisles;
11) it is necessary to carefully monitor the ropes and if they fall off the drums or blocks, form loops or detect damage, the operation of the crane should be suspended;
12) with the simultaneous operation of several cranes on one crane track, in order to avoid their collision, crane operators must comply with the safety measures set out in the work project or technological map;
13) if the crane has two lifting mechanisms, their simultaneous operation is not permitted. The hook of the idle mechanism must always be raised to the upper position;
14) moving loads with a grab or magnet can only be carried out if the requirements set out in the crane operating manual are met. In particular, the dangerous zone of crane operation must be marked, work must be carried out in the absence of people in the crane operating area, auxiliary workers may be allowed to perform their duties only during a break in crane operation after the grab or magnet has been lowered to the ground (floor , platform). The movement of bulk and lump materials with a grab is permitted if the size of the pieces does not exceed 300 mm and the bulk mass does not exceed the value established for this grab; transshipment of piece cargo is allowed only with a special grab;
15) moving loads (for example, slabs and blanks) with cranes equipped with magnets is permitted only when the possibility of overloading the crane is excluded;
16) the movement of cargo, the mass of which is unknown, should be carried out only after determining its actual mass;
17) when moving long and large loads, they must be guided by a slinger using hooks or guys;
18) slinging of loads must be carried out in accordance with approved slinging schemes. The movement of cargo for which a slinging scheme has not been developed must be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes. For slinging, slings must be used that correspond to the weight and nature of the load being lifted, taking into account the number of branches and their angle of inclination. General purpose slings must be selected so that the angle between their branches does not exceed 90°;
19) when the crane is operating with a hook, lifting electromagnet or grab, lowering the load, electromagnet or grab must be done only by the engine;
20) it is allowed to lower the transported load only to the place provided for by the work plan or the technological map, where the possibility of falling, tipping over or sliding of the installed load is excluded. At the place where the load is installed, pads of appropriate strength must first be laid. Stowing and disassembling of cargo should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for storing cargo and without blocking the aisles;
21) tilting of loads by cranes can be carried out on tilting platforms or in specially designated areas. Such work is permitted to be carried out using a developed technology, which must reflect the sequence of operations, the method of slinging the load and instructions for the safe performance of work.
4.24. The crane operator is prohibited from turning on the crane mechanisms when people are near them (except for cases of inspection of the crane by a person who regularly monitors it; during such an inspection, the crane operator can turn on the mechanisms only upon a signal from the person performing the inspection).
4.25. While the crane is operating, the crane operator must sound an audible signal in the following cases:
1) when turning on the movement mechanisms of the crane and trolley, as well as when turning on the lifting mechanism, with the exception of performing technological operations with magnetic, grab, stripper, tong, rake cranes and reloading cranes;
2) when a crane with a load approaches people who are in the path of the load. If people do not move out of the way of the load, the crane operator must stop the crane;
3) when the crane approaches another crane operating on the same crane track;
4) when moving cargo at low altitude.
4.26. When performing work, the crane operator is prohibited from:
1) move cargo slung by workers who do not have a slinger’s license, and also use removable load-handling devices without tags or stamps. In these cases, the crane operator must stop working and notify the person responsible for the safe operation of the cranes;
2) load and unload cargo by crane in the absence of approved schemes for their correct tying and hooking;
3) lift and tilt a load whose mass exceeds the crane’s lifting capacity. If the crane operator does not know the weight of the load, then he must obtain information (in writing) about it from the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes;
4) drag the load along the ground, rails and joists with a hook, grab or electromagnet of the crane with the ropes in an inclined position;
5) use a hook to tear off a load that is buried or frozen to the ground, laid down by other loads, secured with bolts or filled with concrete, as well as swing the load in order to tear it off;
6) use a crane to release removable load-handling devices (slings, pliers, etc.) pinched by the load;
7) lift reinforced concrete products that do not have weight markings;
8) lift reinforced concrete products with damaged hinges, cargo that is incorrectly strapped and in an unstable position, as well as cargo in containers filled above the sides, bricks, tiles and other materials laid on pallets without guards. As an exception, it is allowed to lift only bricks in pallets without fencing when loading them (and unloading them onto the ground) onto vehicles, trailers, railway gondola cars and onto platforms;
9) move containers filled above the sides or fill line;
10) move platforms, gondola cars, trolleys and other vehicles with a crane;
11) lift people or a load with people on it, as well as a load leveled by the weight of people or supported by hands;
12) use limit switches as working parts to automatically stop the crane mechanisms;
13) transfer control of the crane to persons who do not have rights to do so and to crane operators not appointed by order of the enterprise, as well as allow students and trainees to independently control the crane without monitoring their actions;
14) load cargo into vehicles while the driver or other people are in the cabin;
15) adjust the brake of the lifting mechanism when the load is lifted;
16) lift cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases that are not placed in special containers;
17) leave tools, parts, foreign objects, etc. on the platforms and mechanisms of the crane.
4.27. The crane operator is obliged to lower the load, stop operating the crane and inform the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes if malfunctions specified in clause 3.9 occur, as well as in the following cases:
1) in case of breakdown of mechanisms or metal structures of the crane;
2) when voltage appears on the housing of the electric motor, controller, apparatus casing, hook or metal structures of the crane;
3) when twisting the ropes of a cargo pulley;
4) when a malfunction of the crane track is detected;
5) in case of insufficient lighting of the crane operating area, heavy snowfall or fog, as well as poor visibility of the signals of the slinger or the cargo being moved;
6) when the air temperature drops below that specified in the valve’s passport;
7) when a thunderstorm or strong wind approaches, the speed of which exceeds that indicated in the crane’s passport (in this case, measures should be taken to prevent the crane from being stolen by the wind);
8) in case of false activation of electrical, thermal or other protection of the crane, as well as safety devices;
9) if the rope is laid incorrectly or falls off the drum or blocks and damage to the ropes is detected.
4.28. During the operation of special-purpose cranes (overhead cranes, reloading cranes, foundry cranes, forging cranes, landing cranes, pin cranes, grab cranes, magnetic cranes, muldo-magnetic cranes, muldo-grab cranes, muldo-loading cranes, stripper cranes, well cranes, etc.), the crane operator must comply with additional safety requirements set out in the operating manuals cranes and production instructions for crane operators of special-purpose bridge cranes.
4.29. When operating cranes equipped with radio-electronic remote controls, the crane operator must comply with the requirements of the Standard Instructions for Crane Operators of Overhead Cranes equipped with radio-electronic remote controls.
4.30. When loading and unloading gondola cars, when moving cargo by several cranes, when moving cargo over floors under which production and office premises are located where people can be located, when moving cargo for which a slinging scheme has not been developed, as well as in other cases provided for by the projects performance of work or technological regulations, the crane operator must carry out work only under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes.
5. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CRANE OPERATOR IN EMERGENCIES
5.1. If dangerous factors arise on the crane that can cause an accident or an accident (cracks in metal structures, damage to the rope, breakage of wheel axles and other elements, malfunction of mechanisms, brakes, electrical equipment, etc.), as well as if there is a crackling sound, beating, knocking, If there is a rattle in the mechanisms, the crane operator must immediately stop moving the load, sound a warning signal, lower the load to the ground (floor, platform) and find out the cause of the emergency.
5.2. If the crane elements are energized, the crane operator must take personal safety measures provided for in the production instructions.
5.3. If a fire occurs on a crane, the crane operator must immediately stop work, turn off the mains switch, call the fire department and begin extinguishing the fire using the fire extinguishing equipment available on the crane.
5.4. If natural disasters occur (hurricane, earthquake, etc.), the crane operator must stop work, lower the load to the ground, platform or ceiling, leave the crane and go to a safe place.
5.5. If a crane is stolen by the wind, the crane operator must take measures to stop it in accordance with the instructions set out in the crane operating manual (use of anti-switch, etc.), turn off the power supply, leave the crane and secure it with all available anti-theft means, including the use of special shoes .
5.6. If there is a threat of destruction of the ceilings or walls of the building, crane tracks or crane beams of bridge cranes, the crane operator must immediately stop work, stop and de-energize the crane and leave the danger zone.
5.7. In case of other emergency situations, the crane operator must comply with the safety requirements set out in the crane operating manual.
5.8. If an accident or accident occurs during the operation of a crane, the crane operator must immediately notify the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes and ensure the safety of the accident or accident situation, if this does not pose a danger to the life and health of people.
5.9. The crane operator is obliged to make an entry in the logbook about all emergency situations and notify the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining lifting machines in good condition.
6. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CRANE OPERATOR AT THE COMPLETION OF THE CRANE OPERATION
6.1. Upon completion of the crane operation, the crane operator is obliged to:
1) release the hook or removable load-handling device from the load;
2) place the crane at the landing site or in the place intended for its parking;
3) raise the hook to the upper position, and lower the lifting electromagnet, grab or other load-handling device to the ground (floor, platform) in the designated place;
4) move the steering wheels and handles of all controllers and command controllers to the zero position, turn off the main switch (automatic) and remove the key mark from the protective panel of the overhead cranes;
5) lock the cabin of a crane operating outdoors;
6) reliably strengthen the crane operating outdoors with all devices to prevent wind blowing;
7) record in the logbook information about identified defects and malfunctions of components and elements of the crane and report this to the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the crane in good condition.
6.2. When a crane operates in several shifts, the crane operator handing over the shift must inform his shift worker about any malfunctions in the operation of the crane and make a corresponding entry in the logbook.
7. MAINTENANCE OF THE CRANE
7.1. When maintaining the crane, the crane operator must comply with the requirements set out in the crane operating manual, including:
2) promptly lubricate all crane mechanisms and ropes;
3) store lubricant and cleaning material in a closed metal container, remove used cleaning material from the tap;
4) do not leave tools, protective clothing and other items on the crane;
7.2. If malfunctions are identified during the technical care of the crane, the crane operator must report them to the engineering and technical worker responsible for maintaining the crane in good condition and make an appropriate entry in the logbook.
7.3. During maintenance, the tap must be de-energized, the switch must be turned off and locked.
8. RESPONSIBILITY
Operators of overhead and gantry cranes are responsible in accordance with current legislation for violations of the crane operating manual, production instructions, safety requirements set out in work projects, technological maps, permits and other documents regulating the safe operation of the crane.
Appendix 3
Standards for rejecting ropes of lifting machines
1. Rejection of ropes of lifting machines in operation is carried out in accordance with this appendix.
To assess the safety of using ropes, the following criteria are used:
a) the nature and number of wire breaks (Fig. 1 - 3), including the presence of wire breaks at the end seals, the presence of places where wire breaks are concentrated, the intensity of the increase in the number of wire breaks;
Rice. 1. Breaks and displacements of cross lay rope wires
Rice. 2. Combination of wire breaks and wear:
a - in a cross lay rope; b - in a one-way lay rope
Rice. 3. Wire breaks in the area of the equalizing block:
A- in several strands of rope; b- in two strands in combination with local wear
c) surface and internal wear;
d) surface and internal corrosion;
e) local reduction in rope diameter, including core rupture;
f) reduction in the cross-sectional area of the rope wires (loss of internal cross-section);
g) deformation in the form of waviness, basket-like shape, extrusion of wires and strands, crushing of strands, creases, kinks, etc.;
h) damage due to temperature effects or electric arc discharge.
2. Rejection of ropes working with steel and cast iron blocks should be carried out according to the number of wire breaks in accordance with table. 1.
Ropes of lifting machines intended for lifting people, as well as those transporting molten or hot metal, flammable and toxic substances, are rejected with half the number of wire breaks.
The number of wire breaks, in the presence of which double lay ropes working with steel and cast iron blocks are rejected
Number of supporting wires in outer strands
Rope designs according to ISO and state standards
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