Lenin's childhood and school years presentation. Presentation on the topic “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Interior of the living room in the Apartment-Museum of V.I. Lenin

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Lenin is known primarily as one of the leaders of the great October Revolution of 1917, when the monarchy was overthrown and Russia turned into a socialist country. Lenin was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (government) of the new Russia - RSFSR.

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Lenin was born on April 22 in the city of Simbirsk, where he lived until he graduated from the Simbirsk gymnasium in 1887. After graduating from high school, Lenin left for Kazan and entered the university there to study law. In the same year, Alexander, Lenin’s brother, was executed for participating in the assassination attempt on Emperor Alexander 3 - this becomes a tragedy for the whole family. While studying at the university, Vladimir Ilyich is an active participant in the banned Narodnaya Volya circle, and also takes part in all student riots, for which three months later he is expelled from the university. A police investigation carried out after the student riot revealed Lenin's connections with banned societies, as well as his brother's participation in the assassination attempt on the Emperor - this entailed a ban on Vladimir Ilyich's reinstatement at the university and the establishment of close supervision over him. Lenin was included in the list of “unreliable” persons.

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In 1888, Lenin again came to Kazan and joined one of the local Marxist circles, where he began to actively study the works of Marx, Engels and Plekhanov, which in the future would have a huge impact on his political identity. Around this time, Lenin's revolutionary activity began. In 1889, Lenin moved to Samara and there continued to look for supporters of the future coup d'etat. In 1891, he took exams as an external student for a course at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. In 1895, after a trip abroad, where Lenin met with Plekhanov and many others public figures, he organizes the “Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class” in St. Petersburg and begins an active struggle against the autocracy. For his activities, Lenin was arrested, spent a year in prison, and then sent into exile in 1897, where, however, he continued his activities, despite the prohibitions.

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In 1905-1907, during the first revolution, Lenin was in Switzerland, but continued to actively collaborate with Russian revolutionaries. For a short time in 1905, he returned to St. Petersburg and led the revolutionary movement, but soon left for Finland, where he met Stalin.

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The next time Lenin returned to Russia only in February 1917 and immediately became the head of the next uprising. Despite the fact that quite soon he is ordered to be arrested, Lenin continues his activities illegally. In October 1917, after the coup d'etat and the overthrow of the autocracy, power in the country completely passed to Lenin and his party.

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Lenin's reforms: From 1917 until his death, Lenin was reforming the country in accordance with social democratic ideals: Making peace with Germany, creating the Red Army, which took an active part in the civil war of 1917-1921; Creates NEP - new economic policy; Gives civil rights to peasants and workers (the working class becomes the main one in the new political system of Russia); Reforms the church, seeking to replace Christianity with a new “religion” - communism.

1st Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR 1st Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR December 30 January December January 1924 Successor: Alexey Ivanovich Rykov Successor: Alexey Ivanovich Rykov 1st Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR 1st Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR November 8 January November January 1924 Predecessor: position established; Alexander Fedorovich Kerensky as Minister-Chairman of the Provisional Government Predecessor: position established; Alexander Fedorovich Kerensky as Minister-Chairman of the Provisional Government Successor: Alexey Ivanovich Rykov Successor: Alexey Ivanovich Rykov Party: RSDLP, later RCP(b) Party: RSDLP, later RCP(b) Education: Kazan University Education: Kazan University Profession: Lawyer Profession: Lawyer Religion: Atheist Religion: Atheist Birth: April 10 (22), 1870, Simbirsk, Russian empire Birth: April 10 (22), 1870, Simbirsk, Russian Empire Death: January 21, 1924 (53 years old), Gorki estate, Moscow province, RSFSR Death: January 21, 1924 (53 years old), Gorki estate, Moscow province, RSFSR Buried: Mausoleum Lenin, Moscow Buried: Lenin Mausoleum, Moscow Father: Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov Father: Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov Mother: Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova Mother: Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova Spouse: Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya Spouse: Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya Children: None Children: None

Childhood, education and upbringing Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk), in the family of public school inspector Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov (). Mother Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova (née Blank). Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk), in the family of public school inspector Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov (). Mother Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova (née Blank). In his early years, Vladimir Ulyanov studied at the Simbirsk gymnasium, headed by F.I. Kerensky, the father of the future head of the Provisional Government. In 1887 he graduated from high school with a gold medal and entered the law faculty of Kazan University. F.I. Kerensky was very disappointed with the choice of Volodya Ulyanov, since he advised him to enter the history and literature department of the university due to the younger Ulyanov’s great success in Latin and literature. In his early years, Vladimir Ulyanov studied at the Simbirsk gymnasium, headed by F.I. Kerensky, the father of the future head of the Provisional Government. In 1887 he graduated from high school with a gold medal and entered the law faculty of Kazan University. F.I. Kerensky was very disappointed with the choice of Volodya Ulyanov, since he advised him to enter the history and literature department of the university due to the younger Ulyanov’s great success in Latin and literature. In the same year, 1887, on May 8 (20), Vladimir Ilyich’s elder brother, Alexander, was executed as a participant in a Narodnaya Volya conspiracy to assassinate Emperor Alexander III. In the same year, 1887, on May 8 (20), Vladimir Ilyich’s elder brother, Alexander, was executed as a participant in a Narodnaya Volya conspiracy to assassinate Emperor Alexander III. Three months after admission, Vladimir Ilyich was expelled for participating in student “unrest” caused by the new university charter, the introduction of police surveillance of students and a campaign to combat “unreliable” students. According to the student inspector, who suffered from student unrest, Vladimir Ilyich was in the forefront of the raging students, almost with clenched fists. As a result of the unrest, Vladimir Ilyich, along with 40 other students, was arrested the next night and sent to the police station. All those arrested were expelled from the university and sent to their “homeland.” Later, another group of students left Kazan University in protest against the repression. Among those who voluntarily left the university was Lenin’s cousin, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Ardashev. After petitions from Lyubov Alexandrovna Ardasheva, Vladimir Ilyich’s aunt, he was exiled to the village of Kokushkino, Kazan province, where he lived in the Adashevs’ house until the winter of the year. Three months after admission, Vladimir Ilyich was expelled for participating in student “unrest” caused by the new university charter, the introduction of police surveillance of students and a campaign to combat “unreliable” students. According to the student inspector, who suffered from student unrest, Vladimir Ilyich was in the forefront of the raging students, almost with clenched fists. As a result of the unrest, Vladimir Ilyich, along with 40 other students, was arrested the next night and sent to the police station. All those arrested were expelled from the university and sent to their “homeland.” Later, another group of students left Kazan University in protest against the repression. Among those who voluntarily left the university was Lenin’s cousin, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Ardashev. After petitions from Lyubov Alexandrovna Ardasheva, Vladimir Ilyich’s aunt, he was exiled to the village of Kokushkino, Kazan province, where he lived in the Adashevs’ house until the winter of the year.

The beginning of revolutionary activity In the fall of 1889, the Ulyanov family moved to Samara, where Lenin also maintained contact with local revolutionaries. In the fall of 1889, the Ulyanov family moved to Samara, where Lenin also maintained contact with local revolutionaries. In 1891, Vladimir Ulyanov passed the exams as an external student for a course at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. After that, he got a job as an assistant to the sworn attorney (lawyer) Wolkenstein, but did not practice law for long. In 1891, Vladimir Ulyanov passed the exams as an external student for a course at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. After that, he got a job as an assistant to the sworn attorney (lawyer) Wolkenstein, but did not practice law for long. In 1893, Lenin came to St. Petersburg, where he wrote works on the problems of Marxist political economy, the history of the Russian liberation movement, and the history of the capitalist evolution of the post-reform Russian village and industry. Some of them were published legally. At this time he also developed the program of the Social Democratic Party. The activities of V.I. Lenin as a publicist and researcher of the development of capitalism in Russia, based on extensive statistical materials, make him famous among Social Democrats and opposition-minded liberal figures, as well as in many other circles of Russian society. In 1893, Lenin came to St. Petersburg, where he wrote works on the problems of Marxist political economy, the history of the Russian liberation movement, and the history of the capitalist evolution of the post-reform Russian village and industry. Some of them were published legally. At this time he also developed the program of the Social Democratic Party. The activities of V.I. Lenin as a publicist and researcher of the development of capitalism in Russia, based on extensive statistical materials, make him famous among Social Democrats and opposition-minded liberal figures, as well as in many other circles of Russian society.

Graduate of the Simbirsk gymnasium Vladimir Ulyanov year.

In May 1895, Ulyanov went abroad. He met in Switzerland with Plekhanov, in Germany with V. Liebnecht, in France with P. Lafargue and other figures of the international labor movement, and upon returning to the capital in 1895 together with Yu.O. Martov and other young revolutionaries united disparate Marxist circles into the “Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class.” In May 1895, Ulyanov went abroad. He met in Switzerland with Plekhanov, in Germany with V. Liebnecht, in France with P. Lafargue and other figures of the international labor movement, and upon returning to the capital in 1895 together with Yu.O. Martov and other young revolutionaries united disparate Marxist circles into the “Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class”

April - July “April Theses” On July 5, during the uprising, the Provisional Government made public the information it had about the connections of the Bolsheviks with the Germans. July 20 (7) The Provisional Government ordered the arrest of Lenin and a number of prominent Bolsheviks on charges of treason and organizing an armed uprising. Lenin goes underground again. In Petrograd, he had to change 17 safe houses, after which, until August 21 (8), 1917, he and Zinoviev hid not far from Petrograd in a hut on Lake Razliv. In August, on the steam locomotive N-293, he moved to the Grand Duchy of Finland, where he lived until the beginning of October in Yalkala, Helsingfors and Vyborg. On July 5, during the uprising, the Provisional Government made public the information it had about the connections of the Bolsheviks with the Germans. July 20 (7) The Provisional Government ordered the arrest of Lenin and a number of prominent Bolsheviks on charges of treason and organizing an armed uprising. Lenin goes underground again. In Petrograd, he had to change 17 safe houses, after which, until August 21 (8), 1917, he and Zinoviev hid not far from Petrograd in a hut on Lake Razliv. In August, on the steam locomotive N-293, he moved to the Grand Duchy of Finland, where he lived until the beginning of October in Yalkala, Helsingfors and Vyborg. Ties of the Bolsheviks with the Germans July 20 (7) Provisional Government of Petrograd August 21 (8), 1917 Zinoviev Petrograd Razliv N-293 Grand Duchy of Finland Ties of the Bolsheviks with the Germans 20 (7) I JuliaProvisional GovernmentPetrograd21 ( 8) August 1917ZinovievPetrogradRazlivN-293Grand Duchy of Finland

Lenin in makeup during the last underground. Card on the identity card in the name of the worker K. P. Ivanov, according to which Lenin lived illegally after the July days of 1917. Lenin in makeup during the last underground. Card on the identity card in the name of the worker K. P. Ivanov, according to which Lenin lived illegally after the July days of 1917.

October Revolution 1917 On the evening of October 24, 1917, Lenin arrived in Smolny and began to lead the uprising, the direct organizer of which was the chairman of the Petrograd Soviet L. D. Trotsky. It took 2 days to overthrow the government of A.F. Kerensky. On November 7 (October 25) Lenin wrote an appeal for the overthrow of the Provisional Government. On the same day, at the opening of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, Lenin’s decrees on peace and land were adopted and the government of the Council of People’s Commissars, headed by Lenin, was formed. Opened on January 5, 1918 constituent Assembly , the majority of which was won by the Socialist Revolutionaries, representing the interests of the peasants, who at that time made up 90% of the country's population. Lenin, with the support of the Left Social Revolutionaries, presented the Constituent Assembly with a choice: ratify the power of the Soviets and the decrees of the Bolshevik government or disperse. The Constituent Assembly, which did not agree with this formulation of the issue, was forcibly dissolved. On the evening of October 24, 1917, Lenin arrived in Smolny and began to lead the uprising, the direct organizer of which was the chairman of the Petrograd Soviet L. D. Trotsky. It took 2 days to overthrow the government of A.F. Kerensky. On November 7 (October 25) Lenin wrote an appeal for the overthrow of the Provisional Government. On the same day, at the opening of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, Lenin’s decrees on peace and land were adopted and the government of the Council of People’s Commissars, headed by Lenin, was formed. On January 5, 1918, the Constituent Assembly opened, the majority of which was won by the Socialist Revolutionaries, representing the interests of the peasants, who at that time made up 90% of the country's population. Lenin, with the support of the Left Social Revolutionaries, presented the Constituent Assembly with a choice: ratify the power of the Soviets and the decrees of the Bolshevik government or disperse. The Constituent Assembly, which did not agree with this formulation of the issue, was forcibly dissolved. During the 124 days of the “Smolny period,” Lenin wrote over 110 articles, draft decrees and resolutions, delivered over 70 reports and speeches, wrote about 120 letters, telegrams and notes, and participated in the editing of more than 40 state and party documents. The working day of the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars lasted 1518 hours. During this period, Lenin chaired 77 meetings of the Council of People's Commissars, led 26 meetings and meetings of the Central Committee, participated in 17 meetings of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and its Presidium, and in the preparation and conduct of 6 different All-Russian Congresses of Working People. After the Central Committee of the Party and the Soviet government moved from Petrograd to Moscow, from March 11, 1918, Lenin lived and worked in Moscow. Lenin's personal apartment and office were located in the Kremlin, on the third floor of the former Senate building. During the 124 days of the “Smolny period,” Lenin wrote over 110 articles, draft decrees and resolutions, delivered over 70 reports and speeches, wrote about 120 letters, telegrams and notes, and participated in the editing of more than 40 state and party documents. The working day of the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars lasted 1518 hours. During this period, Lenin chaired 77 meetings of the Council of People's Commissars, led 26 meetings and meetings of the Central Committee, participated in 17 meetings of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and its Presidium, and in the preparation and conduct of 6 different All-Russian Congresses of Working People. After the Central Committee of the Party and the Soviet government moved from Petrograd to Moscow, from March 11, 1918, Lenin lived and worked in Moscow. Lenin's personal apartment and office were located in the Kremlin, on the third floor of the former Senate building.

After the revolution and during the Civil War (years) January 15 (28), 1918, Lenin signed the decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the creation of the Red Army. In accordance with the Peace Decree, it was necessary to withdraw from the world war. Despite the opposition of the left communists and L. D. Trotsky, Lenin achieved the conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty with Germany on March 3, 1918. March, fearing the capture of Petrograd by German troops, at the suggestion of Lenin, the Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee of the RCP (b) moved to Moscow, which became the new capital of the Soviet Russia. January 15 (28), 1918 Lenin signs the decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the creation of the Red Army. In accordance with the Peace Decree, it was necessary to withdraw from the world war. Despite the opposition of the left communists and L. D. Trotsky, Lenin achieved the conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty with Germany on March 3, 1918. March, fearing the capture of Petrograd by German troops, at the suggestion of Lenin, the Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee of the RCP (b) moved to Moscow, which became the new capital of the Soviet Russia. January 15 (28), 1918 Red Army World War L. D. Trotsky Brest Peace Treaty Germany March 3 1011 Petrograd Council of People's Commissars Moscow Russia January 15 (28) 1918 Red Army World War L. D. Trotsky Brest Peace Treaty Germany March 3 1011 Petrograd Council People's Commissars Moscow Russia

Role in the Red Terror During the Russian Civil War, Lenin was one of the main organizers of the Bolshevik policy of Red Terror, carried out directly on his instructions. These Leninist instructions prescribed the start of mass terror, organizing executions, isolating unreliable people in concentration camps and carrying out other emergency measures. On August 9, 1918, Lenin sent instructions to the Penza Provincial Executive Committee, where he wrote: “It is necessary to carry out merciless mass terror against the kulaks, priests and White Guards; those who are dubious will be locked up in a concentration camp outside the city.” On August 10, 1918, Lenin sent a telegram about the suppression of the kulak uprising in the Penza province, in which he called for hanging 100 kulaks, taking away all their bread and appointing hostages. During the Russian Civil War, Lenin was one of the main organizers of the Bolshevik policy of red terror, carried out directly on his instructions. These Leninist instructions prescribed the start of mass terror, organizing executions, isolating unreliable people in concentration camps and carrying out other emergency measures. On August 9, 1918, Lenin sent instructions to the Penza Provincial Executive Committee, where he wrote: “It is necessary to carry out merciless mass terror against the kulaks, priests and White Guards; those who are dubious will be locked up in a concentration camp outside the city.” On August 10, 1918, Lenin sends a telegram on the suppression of the kulak uprising in the Penza province, in which he calls for hanging 100 kulaks, taking away all their bread and appointing hostages. Civil War in Russia of the Red Terror9 Augustatelegram on the suppression of the kulak uprisingCivil War in Russia of the Red Terror9 Augustatelegram on the suppression kulak uprising A description of the ways to implement the instructions of the Bolshevik leader on the massive Red Terror is presented in acts, investigations, certificates, reports and other materials of the Special Commission for the Investigation of Bolshevik Atrocities. A description of the ways to implement the instructions of the Bolshevik leader on the massive Red Terror is presented in acts, investigations, certificates, reports and other materials of the Special Commission to Investigate the Atrocities of the Bolsheviks.Red Terror of the Special Commission to Investigate the Atrocities of the BolsheviksRed Terror of the Special Commission to Investigate the Atrocities of the Bolsheviks

OSVAG poster from the Civil War. In the center, in red, is a figure of Lenin in front of an altar with a tied figure of a Russian girl on it. The composition symbolizes Russia, sacrificed by the Bolsheviks to the Third International. OSVAG poster from the Civil War. In the center, in red, is a figure of Lenin in front of an altar with a tied figure of a Russian girl on it. The composition symbolizes Russia, sacrificed by the Bolsheviks to the III International of the Civil War by the Bolsheviks to the III International of the Civil War by the Bolsheviks to the III International

Last years() V.I. Lenin during illness. Podmoskovnye Gorki year

Lenin was one of the initiators of the campaign to confiscate church valuables, which caused resistance from representatives of the clergy and some parishioners. The shooting of parishioners in Shuya caused great resonance. In connection with these events, on March 19, 1922, Lenin drafted a secret letter that qualified the events in Shuya as just one manifestation of a general plan of resistance to the decree of Soviet power on the part of “the most influential group of the Black Hundred clergy.” On March 30, at a meeting of the Politburo, on the recommendations of Lenin, a plan was adopted to destroy the church organization. Lenin was one of the initiators of the campaign to confiscate church valuables, which caused resistance from representatives of the clergy and some parishioners. The shooting of parishioners in Shuya caused great resonance. In connection with these events, on March 19, 1922, Lenin drafted a secret letter that qualified the events in Shuya as just one manifestation of a general plan of resistance to the decree of Soviet power on the part of “the most influential group of the Black Hundred clergy.” On March 30, at a meeting of the Politburo, on the recommendations of Lenin, a plan was adopted to destroy the church organization. Lenin contributed to the establishment of a one-party system in the country and the spread of atheistic views. In 1922, on his recommendations, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was created. Lenin contributed to the establishment of a one-party system in the country and the spread of atheistic views. In 1922, on his recommendations, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was created. In 1923, shortly before his death, Lenin wrote his last works: “On Cooperation”, “How can we reorganize the workers’ krin”, “Better less is better”, in which he offers his vision economic policy Soviet state and measures to improve the functioning of the state apparatus and the party. On January 4, 1923, V.I. Lenin dictates the so-called “Addition to the letter of December 24, 1922,” in which, in particular, the characteristics of individual Bolsheviks claiming to be the leader of the party (Stalin, Trotsky, Bukharin, Pyatakov) were given. In 1923 year, shortly before his death, Lenin wrote his last works: “On Cooperation”, “How can we reorganize the workers’ krin”, “Less is better”, in which he offers his vision of the economic policy of the Soviet state and measures to improve the work of the state apparatus and the party . On January 4, 1923, V.I. Lenin dictates the so-called “Addition to the letter of December 24, 1922,” in which, in particular, the characteristics of individual Bolsheviks claiming to be the leader of the party (Stalin, Trotsky, Bukharin, Pyatakov) were given.

Illness and death The consequences of injury and overwork led Lenin to a serious illness. In March 1922, Lenin led the work of the 11th Congress of the RCP (b), the last party congress at which he spoke. In May 1922 he became seriously ill, but returned to work in early October. Leading German specialists in nervous diseases were called in for treatment. Lenin's chief physician from December 1922 until his death in 1924 was Otfried Förster. Lenin's last public speech took place on November 20, 1922 at the plenum of the Moscow Soviet. On December 16, 1922, his health condition again deteriorated sharply, and in May 1923, due to illness, he moved to the Gorki estate near Moscow. The last time Lenin was in Moscow was on October 18-19, 1923. The consequences of the injury and overwork led Lenin to a serious illness. In March 1922, Lenin led the work of the 11th Congress of the RCP (b), the last party congress at which he spoke. In May 1922 he became seriously ill, but returned to work in early October. Leading German specialists in nervous diseases were called in for treatment. Lenin's chief physician from December 1922 until his death in 1924 was Otfried Förster. Lenin's last public speech took place on November 20, 1922 at the plenum of the Moscow Soviet. On December 16, 1922, his health condition again deteriorated sharply, and in May 1923, due to illness, he moved to the Gorki estate near Moscow. The last time Lenin was in Moscow was on October 18-19, 1923. In January 1924, Vladimir Ilyich’s health suddenly deteriorated sharply, and on January 21, 1924, at 18:50, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) died. In January 1924, Vladimir Ilyich’s health suddenly deteriorated sharply, and on January 21, 1924, at 18:50, Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) died.

V.I. Lenin during illness. Gorki near Moscow year V.I. Lenin during illness. Podmoskovnye Gorki year

After death. The fate of Lenin's body On January 23, the coffin with Lenin's body was transported to Moscow and installed in the Hall of Columns of the House of Unions. The official farewell took place over five days and nights. On January 27, the coffin with Lenin’s embalmed body was placed in a specially built Mausoleum on Red Square (architect A.V. Shchusev). On January 23, the coffin with Lenin’s body was transported to Moscow and installed in the Hall of Columns of the House of Unions. The official farewell took place over five days and nights. On January 27, the coffin with Lenin’s embalmed body was placed in a specially built Mausoleum on Red Square (architect A.V. Shchusev). January 23MoscowHouse of UnionsJanuary 27MausoleumJanuary 23MoscowHouse of UnionsJanuary 27Mausoleum During the Great Patriotic War Lenin's body was evacuated from the Moscow Mausoleum to Tyumen, where it was kept in the building of the current Tyumen State Agricultural Academy. The Mausoleum itself was disguised as a mansion. During the Great Patriotic War, Lenin's body was evacuated from the Moscow Mausoleum to Tyumen, where it was kept in the building of the current Tyumen State Agricultural Academy. The Mausoleum itself was disguised as a mansion. Great Patriotic War Mausoleum Tyumen Great Patriotic War Mausoleum Tyumen After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, some political parties expressed the opinion about the need to remove Lenin’s body and brain from the Mausoleum and bury it (the brain is stored separately, at the Brain Institute, including in the form of dozens thousand histological preparations). Statements about the removal of Lenin’s body from the Mausoleum, as well as about the liquidation of memorial burials near the Kremlin wall, are periodically heard to this day from various Russian statesmen, political parties and forces, representatives of religious organizations. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, some political parties expressed the opinion that it was necessary to remove Lenin’s body and brain from the Mausoleum and bury it (the brain is stored separately at the Brain Institute, including in the form of tens of thousands of histological preparations). Statements about the removal of Lenin's body from the Mausoleum, as well as about the liquidation of memorial burials near the Kremlin wall, are periodically heard to this day from various Russian government officials, political parties and forces, and representatives of religious organizations.MausoleumInstitute of the BrainMausoleumInstitute of the Brain

“Funeral of a Leader”, painting 1926, postcard, 1931 edition of the Museum of the Revolution of the USSR. “Funeral of a Leader”, painting 1926, postcard, 1931 edition of the Museum of the Revolution of the USSR

Attitude towards Lenin after death. Evaluation The name and ideas of V. I. Lenin were glorified in the USSR along with the October Revolution and I. V. Stalin (before the 20th Congress of the CPSU). On January 26, 1924, after the death of Lenin, the 2nd All-Union Congress of Soviets granted the request of the Petrograd Soviet to rename Petrograd to Leningrad. A city delegation (about 1 thousand people) participated in Lenin’s funeral in Moscow. Cities, towns and collective farms were named after Lenin. In every city there was a monument to Lenin. Numerous stories about “Grandfather Lenin” were written for children, including Mikhail Zoshchenko’s Stories about Lenin, partly based on the memoirs of his sister Anna Ulyanova. Even his driver Gil wrote memoirs about Lenin. The name and ideas of V. I. Lenin were glorified in the USSR along with the October Revolution and I. V. Stalin (before the 20th Congress of the CPSU). On January 26, 1924, after the death of Lenin, the 2nd All-Union Congress of Soviets granted the request of the Petrograd Soviet to rename Petrograd to Leningrad. A city delegation (about 1 thousand people) participated in Lenin’s funeral in Moscow. Cities, towns and collective farms were named after Lenin. In every city there was a monument to Lenin. Numerous stories about “Grandfather Lenin” were written for children, including Mikhail Zoshchenko’s Stories about Lenin, partly based on the memoirs of his sister Anna Ulyanova. Even his driver Gil.I. wrote memoirs about Lenin. V. Stalin January 26, 1924 Petrograd Soviet Leningrad Mikhail Zoshchenko Stories about Lenin by Anna Ulyanova GilI. V. Stalin January 26, 1924 Petrosovet Leningrad Mikhail Zoshchenko Stories about Lenin by Anna Ulyanova Gil After the collapse of the USSR, the attitude towards Lenin among the population of the Russian Federation became differentiated; According to a FOM survey, in 1999, 65% of the Russian population considered Lenin’s role in Russian history to be positive, 23% negative, 13% found it difficult to answer. Four years later, in April 2003, FOM conducted a similar survey, this time 58% assessed the role of Lenin positively, 17% negatively, and the number of those who found it difficult to answer grew to 24%. After the collapse of the USSR, attitudes towards Lenin among the population of the Russian Federation became differentiated; According to a FOM survey, in 1999, 65% of the Russian population considered Lenin’s role in Russian history to be positive, 23% negative, 13% found it difficult to answer. Four years later, in April 2003, FOM conducted a similar survey, this time 58% assessed the role of Lenin positively, 17% negatively, and the number of those who found it difficult to answer grew to 24% collapse of the USSRFOM1999 collapse of the USSRFOM1999
Lenin in culture, art and language In the USSR, a lot of memoirs, poems, poems, stories, novellas and novels about Lenin were published. Many films about Lenin were also made. IN Soviet time The opportunity to play Lenin in a movie was considered for the actor a sign of high trust shown by the leadership of the CPSU. In the USSR, a lot of memoirs, poems, poems, short stories, stories and novels about Lenin were published. Many films about Lenin were also made. In Soviet times, the opportunity to play Lenin in a movie was considered for the actor a sign of high trust shown by the leadership of the CPSU. Monuments to Lenin became an integral part of memoir literature of memoir literature. Soviet tradition monumental art. After the collapse of the USSR, many monuments to Lenin were dismantled by the authorities or destroyed by various individuals. Monuments to Lenin have become an integral part of the Soviet tradition of monumental art. After the collapse of the USSR, many monuments to Lenin were dismantled by the authorities or destroyed by various individuals.monumental artmonumental art Lenin Awards. Titles and prizes In 1917, Norway took the initiative to award Nobel Prize peace to Vladimir Lenin, with the wording “For the triumph of the ideas of peace”, as a response to the “Decree on Peace” issued in Soviet Russia, which separately led Russia out of the First World War. The Nobel Committee rejected this proposal due to the lateness of the application by the deadline of February 1, 1918, but made a decision that the committee would not object to awarding the Nobel Peace Prize to V. I. Lenin if the existing Russian government will establish peace and tranquility in the country (as is known, the path to establishing peace in Russia was blocked by Civil War, which began in 1918) In 1917, Norway took the initiative to award the Nobel Peace Prize to Vladimir Lenin, with the wording “For the triumph of the ideas of peace,” as a response to the “Decree on Peace” issued in Soviet Russia, which separately removed Russia from the First world war. The Nobel Committee rejected this proposal due to the lateness of the application by the deadline of February 1, 1918, but made a decision that the committee would not object to awarding the Nobel Peace Prize to V.I. Lenin if the existing Russian government established peace and tranquility in the country (as you know, the path to establishing peace in Russia was blocked by the Civil War, which began in 1918) 1917 Norway Nobel Peace Prize Decree of Peace of the First World War February 1, 1918 Civil War 1917 Norway Nobel Peace Prize Decree of Peace of the First World War February 1, 1918 Civil War

Official lifetime award The only official state award that V.I. Lenin was awarded was the Order of Labor of the Khorezm People's Socialist Republic (1922). The only official state award that V.I. Lenin was awarded was the Order of Labor of the Khorezm People's Socialist Republic (1922). Khorezm People's Socialist Republic1922 Khorezm People's Socialist Republic1922 Lenin had no other state awards, either from the RSFSR and the USSR, or from foreign countries. Lenin had no other state awards, either from the RSFSR and the USSR, or from foreign countries.

In 1919, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, V.I. Lenin was accepted into the honorary Red Army soldiers of the 1st section of the 1st platoon of the 1st company of the 195th Yeisk rifle regiment. In 1919, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, V.I. Lenin was accepted into the honorary Red Army soldiers of the 1st section 1 platoon of the 1st company of the 195th Yeisk rifle regiment of the Revolutionary Military Council

Posthumous “awards” On January 22, 1924, N.P. Gorbunov, Lenin’s secretary, took the Order of the Red Banner (4274) from his jacket and pinned it to the jacket of the already deceased Lenin. This award was on Lenin’s body until 1943, and Gorbunov himself received a duplicate of the order in 1930. According to some reports, N.I. Podvoisky did the same, standing in the guard of honor at Lenin’s tomb. Another Order of the Red Banner was laid at Lenin’s coffin along with a wreath from the Military Academy of the Red Army. Currently, the orders of N.P. Gorbunov and the Military Academy are kept in the Lenin Museum in Moscow. On January 22, 1924, N.P. Gorbunov, Lenin’s secretary, removed the Order of the Red Banner (4274) from his jacket and pinned it to the jacket of the already deceased Lenin. This award was on Lenin’s body until 1943, and Gorbunov himself received a duplicate of the order in 1930. According to some reports, N.I. Podvoisky did the same, standing in the guard of honor at Lenin’s tomb. Another Order of the Red Banner was laid at Lenin’s coffin along with a wreath from the Military Academy of the Red Army. Currently, the orders of N.P. Gorbunov and the Military Academy are kept in the Lenin Museum in Moscow. January 22, 1924 N. P. GorbunovOrder of the Red Banner 1943 1930 N. I. PodvoiskyOrder of the Red BannerLenin Museum January 22, 1924N. P. GorbunovOrder of the Red Banner 1943 1930 N. I. PodvoiskyOrder of the Red BannerLenin Museum

What is a Mausoleum? A mausoleum can also refer to a building that contains many burial crypts. Modern mausoleums often have a columbarium for cremated ashes. Mausoleums can be independent buildings or part of a larger structure of a church or tribune. Mausoleum of Theodoric in Ravenna The mausoleum is a monumental funerary structure.

The Second Lenin Mausoleum - built in the spring of 1924. The second wooden Mausoleum is very similar to the current granite one. The same stepped appearance, the same balance of parts. The mausoleum harmoniously combined with the mighty Kremlin wall and its towers. On August 1, 1924, the new Lenin Mausoleum was opened to the public.

“I put my heart into this stone” They sent their granite for the Mausoleum of the republics of Tajikistan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and the Transcaucasian Federation. Shchusev found the stone for 5 letters (Lenin) in the northern region, in the forests of Karelia, at the Shoksha mine. “I put my heart into this stone,” said one of the masters. He expressed the thoughts and feelings of all Shoksha stonemasons - Russians, Karelians, Vepsians. They mined and sent almost 45 blocks to Moscow for the leader’s tomb.

Mausoleum 5 B in the mausoleum there was also the body of I.V. Stalin, and the mausoleum was called “Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin and I.V. Stalin”; During this period, the granite slab with the name of Lenin was replaced by a slab with the names located one above the other: “LENIN / STALIN”.

Post 1 Post 1 was established by order of the head of the city of Moscow on January 26, 1924. Until October 1993, there was an honor guard post 1 at the Mausoleum, changing every hour at the signal of the Kremlin chimes. In October 1993, during the constitutional crisis, post 1 was abolished. On December 12, 1997, the post was restored, but already at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

The year 1905 began with major historical events. On January 3, a strike broke out in St. Petersburg at the Putilov plant, in which 30 thousand workers took part. The Putilov workers were supported by workers of other enterprises in the city, and on January 7 the strike became general. Early on Sunday morning, workers of St. Petersburg, carrying icons and portraits of the Tsar solemnly headed towards the Winter Palace. Acting according to a pre-thought-out plan, the tsarist government ordered to open fire on unarmed people. By bloody massacre, the tsarist government hoped to suppress the will to fight, instill humility and obedience. But tsarism miscalculated. On January 9, 1905, the Russian working class received a great lesson civil war!” The proletariat must carry out a democratic revolution to the end, carry out a socialist revolution, joining the mass of the population in order to break by force the resistance of the bourgeoisie and paralyze the instability of the peasantry and petty bourgeoisie. “In the fall of 1905, the revolutionary movement in the country reached an unprecedented scale. In October, a political strike became all-Russian. On December 5, the Moscow Bolsheviks decided to declare a general strike and begin an armed struggle, and on the 7th, barricade battles of Moscow workers against the troops of the tsarist government began. The revolution of 1905-1907 clearly showed that the center of the world revolutionary movement had moved to Russia, and the heroic Russian proletariat had become the vanguard of the international revolutionary proletariat. The struggle was led by the Bolshevik Party, led by Lenin.

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